Neutralization Reaction

NEUTRALIZATION REACTION

occurs when an acid or acidic oxide reacts with a base or a basic oxide.

• Basic oxides are oxides of metals that combine with water to form a bases

• Acidic oxides are oxides of non-metal that combine with water to form acids
 REACTIONS

1. Acid and Base

HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O
2. Basic oxide and Acid
CaO + HClO4 Ca(ClO4) 2 + H2O
3. Base and Acidic oxide
LiOH + CO2 Li2CO3 + H2O
4. Acidic oxide and Basic oxide
CaO + SO3 CaSO4
 EXAMPLES
• HF + KOH KF + H2O

• HF + Mg(OH) 2 MgF2 + H2O

 OXIDATION-REDUCTION REACTION

OXIDATION

• applied to reactions in which the substances combined with Oxygen

• donation of electron by another substance
• the lost of electrons by a substance or an increase in the oxidation
number
 REDUCTION

• means removable of Oxygen from an Oxygen-containing compound

• gain of electrons by a substance or a decrease in its oxidation number
 RULES IN ASSIGNING OXIDATION NUMBER

1. Any uncombined element has an oxidation

number of zero.

• Examples: O20 Ag0 Cu0

2. Hydrogen in any compound is +1 except in a Hydride which is -1.
This oxidation number of =1 is also applied to Ag and Na.
3. Oxygen in any compound is -2, except in a peroxide which is -1.

• Example:
Mg+2 O-2 SO2-2
H2O2-1
4. The sum of all oxidation numbers in a compound
is zero.
• Example:
• Mg+2 O-2 S+4O2-2
+2 + -2 = 0 +4 + -2(2) = 0
 EXAMPLE

oxidation
Na0 + Cl20 Na+1Cl-1
reduction
 Example

oxidation
0 0 +2 -2
Zn + S Zn S
reduction
 reduction
Fe+3Cl3-1 + Li0 Li+1Cl-1 + Fe0
oxidation
• The sum of all oxidation numbers in a radical is
equal to the charge of the radical.
Example:
• N+5O3-2 NO3-1
 THE OXIDATION-NUMBER METHOD FOR
BALANCING REDOX

• Redox is the term used to label reactions in which the

acceptance of an electron (reduction) by a reactant is
matched with the donation of an electron (oxidation) by
another.
 RULES
1. Determine the oxidation number of the atoms in the equation to
identify atoms undergoing oxidation or reduction.
 RULES
1. Determine the oxidation number of the atoms in the equation to identify
atoms undergoing oxidation or reduction.

1e lost x 1 = 1 e lost/mol
Fe+3Cl3-1 + Li0 Li+1Cl-1 + Fe0
3 e gained x1=3 e gained/mol
 RULES
2. Make the total decrease and the total increase in the oxidation
number equal.
1e lost x 1 = 1 e lost/mol x 3 = 3
Fe+3Cl3-1 + 3Li0 Li+1Cl-1 + Fe0
3 e gained x1=3 e gained/mol
3. Complete balancing by inspection.

1e lost x 1 = 1 e lost/mol x 3 = 3
Fe+3Cl3-1 + 3Li0 Li+1Cl-1 + Fe0
3x1=3
Fe+3Cl3-1 + 3Li0 3Li+1Cl-1 + Fe0
 CHECKING
Fe+3Cl3-1 + 3Li0 3Li+1Cl-1 + Fe0
Fe – 1 Fe - 1
Cl - 3 Cl - 3
Li - 3 Li - 3
 RULES
1. Determine the oxidation number of the atoms in the equation to identify atoms undergoing
oxidation or reduction.

2e lost x 1 = 2 e lost/mol (difference of 4 and 6)

KMn+7O4 + K2S+4 O3 + H2O Mn+4O2 + K2S+6 O4 + KOH
3e gained x 1 = 2 e gained/mol (difference of 7 and 4)
 RULES
2. Make the total decrease and the total increase in the oxidation number equal.

2e lost x 1 = 2 e lost/mol x 3 = 6

2KMn+7O4 + 3K2S+4 O3 + H2O Mn+4O2 + K2S+6 O4 + KOH

3e gained x 1 = 3 e gained/mol x 2 = 6
3. Complete balancing by inspection.

2e lost x 1 = 2 e lost/mol x 3 = 6
2 KMn+7O4 + 3 K2S+4 O3 + H2O 2 Mn+4O2 + 3 K2S+6 O4 + 2 KOH

3e gained x 1 = 3 e gained/mol x 2 = 6
 CHECKING
2 KMn+7O4 + 3 K2S+4 O3 + H2O 2 Mn+4O2 + 3 K2S+6 O4 + 2 KOH
K - 2 + 6= 8 K – 6+2= 8
Mn- 2 Mn - 2
S-3 S -3
O-8 + 9 +1=18 O - 4+12+2=18
H- 2 H- 2
END