Equation Sheet for A-Level Chemistry

These are the equations you need to

memorise for your Chemistry A-Level
Amount of Substance Chemical Equilibria
Energetics
Equilibrium constant wrt
Moles
Enthalpy change concentration
c
n=m d e
Q = mcΔT K = [D] [E]
Mr a b
[A] [B]

Concentration Average bond enthalpy

ΔH = Σ (bond enthalpies in reactants) Equilibrium
p constant wrt pressure
c=n d e
- Σ(bond enthalpies in products) K = (D) (E)
V a b
(A) (B)

Molar gas volume

Electrode Potentials Rate Equations
V = n x 24 m n
Rate = k[A] [B]

Number of particles EMF Arrhenius is provided but you

= n x NA E θ =Eθ right hand side - Eθleft hand side should be able to use:

Ideal gas Equation –Ea/RT

Thermodynamics k = Ae
pV = nRT ln k = –Ea/RT + ln A

Atom economy
Gibbs Free Energy Equation Acids and Bases
ΔG = ΔH – TΔS pH = –log 10 [H +]
= M r of desired product x 100

Sum ofr M r of all reactants

Transition Metals Kw = [H +][OH -]
% Yield

= Actual yield x 100 Coloured complex ions - difference in energy pK a = –log 10 K a

Theoretical yield ∆ E = hν = hc
λ Ka = [H +][A -]
[HA]
 These are the meaning of the symbols on
the equation sheet
Chemical Equilibria
Amount of Substance Energetics Kc = Equilibrium constant (wrt
n = number of moles q = heat energy concentration)
m = mass m = mass Kp = Equilibrium constant (wrt
M r = formula mass c = specific heat capacity pressure)
C = concentration ΔT = change in temperaure [A] / (A) = concentration/ partial
V = volume ΔH = enthalpy change) pressure of reactant A
NA = Avogadro's constant [B] / (B) = concentration/ partial
p = pressure pressure of reactant B
R = gas constant Electrode Potentials [D] / (D) = concentration/ partial
T = temperature Eθ = electrode potential pressure of product D
[E] / (E) = concentration/ partial
pressure of product E
Thermodynamics a = moles of A from balanced equation
b = moles of B from balanced equation
ΔG = Gibbs free energy
Rate Equations d = moles of D from balanced equation
ΔH = enthalpy change
k = rate constant e = moles of E from balanced equation
T = temperature
[A] = concentration of A
ΔS = change in entropy
[B] = concentration of B

a = order wrt A Acids and Bases

b = order wrt B Transition Metals
A = Arrhenius pre exponential factor ∆E = change in energy [H +] = concentration of H
e = exponential h = Planck's constant [OH - ] = concentration of OH
E a = activation energy ν = frequency [A- ] = concentration of salt
T = temperature c = velocity of light [HA] = concentration of acid
R = gas constant λ = wavelength Kw = Ionic product of water
ln = natural log Ka = acid disociation constant