Karla Eunice D.

Gonzales
NCM 103L – FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING PRACTICE (SKILLS LAB) BS NURSING - 1ST YEAR (SECOND SEMESTER)

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY – THE NATIONAL ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY

Handwashing 1. Direct
Hand washing - also known as hand hygiene. • person to person (e.g., touching, biting,
kissing, or sexual contact).
- is the act of cleaning one’s hand with or without
• within 3 feet of each other
the use of water or
2. Indirect
another liquid, or with the use of soap for the
purpose of removing soil, Vehicle-borne: any substance that serves as an
intermediate means to transport and introduce an
dirt, and/or microorganisms.
infectious agent (e.g., handkerchief, toys, clothes,
- is the single most effective way to prevent the utensils, and surgical instruments).
spread of germs/microorganisms which prevent
Vector-borne: an animal or flying or crawling
communicable disease.
insect that serves as an internal means of
- It is essential to food safety and one of the best transporting the infectious agent.
ways to prevent foodborne illness. Helps prevent
3. Airborne
the spread of bacteria and viruses. It also helps
prevent cross-contamination, cross-contact, and • involves droplets and dust.
other contamination. • The material is transmitted by air currents.
RESERVOIR

• Respiratory Tract
• Gastrointestinal Tract
• Urinary Tract
• Reproductive Tract
• Blood
Dr. Ignaz Semmelweis – Father of handwashing
• Tissue
Asepsis
COMMON INFECTIOUS ORGANISMS
• the state of being free from disease-
• Parainfluenza virus
causing micro-organisms (such as
pathogenic bacteria, viruses, pathogenic • Mycobacterium tuberculosis
fungi, and parasites). • Hepatitis B virus
• refers to those practices used to promote • Escherichia coli
or induce asepsis in an operative field of • Clostridium difficile
surgery or medicine to prevent infection • Salmonella typhi
• GOAL: “To eliminate infection” PORTALS OF EXIT
Asepsis is absent • Nose or mouth through sneezing,
Infection - an invasion of body tissue by coughing, breathing, or talking
microorganisms. • Vomitus, feces, ostomies
• Urethral meatus and urinary diversion
Disease - detectable alteration in normal tissue. • Vaginal discharge, semen, urine
- a particular abnormal condition that • Open wound, needle puncture site
negatively affects the structure or function of a • Drainage from cut or wound
part or all of an organism that is not due to any
Hand Hygiene/Handwashing
external injury.

Types of Microorganisms

• Bacteria
• Viruses
• Fungi
• Parasites

METHOD OF TRANSMISSION
HANDWASHING PROCEDURES