There are numerous variations on the basic model that deal with different study designs and issues.

Roberts [16] examined the effect of sewage treatment plants over time using a BACI model. Data were
collected every six days on occurrences of fecal coliform bacterial contamination. A factorial approach
was used with an extension of the basic model, which incorporated a periodic regression. Roberts also
discussed estimates of change using a covariate approach. Various extensions of the basic model were
presented in [5] which discussed variance components and ANOVA designs for a variety of possible
models. Power analysis for designs of the type considered here were presented in [6] and [15]. Another
extension of the basic model is to include additional impact sites. This can be quite useful when the
potential impact is expected to vary over space. When the focus is primarily on the spatial extent, the
design would involve selecting sites at varying distance from the source of the impact. This is often
called a gradient design. Discussion and an example of this design is presented in [4].