Westminster School

Play Term 2018

Lower Shell Chemistry

Time: 1 hour
Name:

70
Set:

LSC LSF LSH LSL LSM LSR

Instructions to candidates:

In the appropriate box above, write your name and circle your set no.
Answer ALL the questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this question paper.

Information for candidates:

The marks for individual questions and the parts of questions are shown in square brackets:
e.g. [2].
There are two sections in this question paper. Section A contains 10 multiple-choice
questions, and Section B contains 6 structured questions. The total mark for this paper is 70.
A Periodic Table is provided on the back page.
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Section A – Multiple Choice Questions
For each of the following questions in Section A, circle the letter of the correct
answer. Each question is worth 1 mark.

1. Which of the following organic compounds will decolourise bromine water by reacting with it at
room temperature?

1 C2H4 2 methane 3 CH2C(CH3)2 4 CH3CH2I

A 1 only

B 2 only
C
1 and 3 only

D 1, 2 and 3 only

2. Aluminium reacts with iron (III) oxide as shown.

iron (III) oxide + aluminium  iron + aluminium oxide

Which statement about this reaction is correct?

A Aluminium is oxidised

Aluminium oxide is reduced

B

C Iron (III) oxide is oxidised

D Iron is oxidised

3. Which of the compounds shown are in the same homologous series?

1 CH3OH 2 CH3CH2OH 3 CH3COOH 4 CH3CH2CH2OH

A 1, 2 and 3

B
1, 2 and 4

C 1, 3 and 4

2
 D 2, 3 and 4

4. Which equation represents a reduction reaction?

A Fe2+ + e–  Fe3+

B Fe2+  Fe3+ + e–
C
Fe3+ + e–  Fe2+

D Fe3+  Fe2+ + e–

5. Alkenes are manufactured by cracking hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum.

Which row describes the process of cracking?

Size of X Size of Y Catalyst Temperature

molecules molecules required required
A large small no low
B large small yes high

C small large no low

D small large yes high

6. The structure of an organic compound, X, is shown.

What is the molecular formula of X?

A C6H9

B C6H12

3
 C
C7H12

D C7H14

7. In which of the following reactions could one of the products belong to the same homologous
series as the organic reactant?

A Addition of steam to ethene

B Combustion of an alkane
C
Cracking of an alkane

D Reaction of ethane and chlorine

8. In which of the equations below is the underlined substance acting as a reducing agent?

A 3CO + Fe2O3  2Fe + 3CO2

B CO2 + C  2CO

C CuO + H2  Cu + H2O

D CaO + H2O  Ca(OH)2

9. The equations below show some reactions of magnesium and its compounds.

A 2Mg(s) + O2(g)  2MgO(s)

B Mg(NO3)2(s)  MgO(s) + 2NO2(g) + O2(g)

C MgO(s) + 2HCl(aq)  MgCl2(aq) + H2O(l)

D Mg(s) + CuSO4(aq)  MgSO4(aq) + Cu(s)

a) Which equation is not balanced?

A B C D

4
b) Which equation can be classified as a displacement reaction?

A B C D

[Total for Section A: 10 marks]

5
Section B – Structured Questions
1. This question is about crude oil and its fractions.

Crude oil can be separated into different fractions, which may then
be used as fuels or as raw materials for the chemical industry.

One of the compounds in the gasoline fraction (used to make fuel for cars) is shown in the
diagram below.

a) Give the systematic name of the compound shown above.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[2]
b) Which hydrocarbon is an isomer of this compound?

A pentane

B hexane

C heptane

D octane
[1]

c) Car exhaust fumes contain a number of different gases, including water vapour, carbon dioxide
and carbon monoxide. These gases form when the fuel burns in the engine.

(i) Another gas is the largest component of car exhaust fumes. Suggest the identity of this
gas.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1]

(ii) Car exhaust fumes also contain some nitrogen oxides. State one effect that nitrogen
oxides have on the atmosphere.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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 [1]
(iii) Explain why car exhaust fumes contain both carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[3]

d) Different crude oils from around the world have different compositions. The diagram below
shows the composition of crude oil from two different sources, and the price of each type of oil.

Crude oil Brent Crude Maya

Price per barrel $63 $51

Discuss why Brent crude oil and Maya crude oil have different prices. Use information from the
diagram in your answer.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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 [3]
e) Describe, using a labelled diagram, how a sample of the diesel fraction can be cracked in a
laboratory to produce a gaseous alkene.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[4]

[Total for Q1: 15 marks]

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2. This question is about extracting chromium from chromite.
Chromite is the most common ore of chromium and has the formula
FeCr2O4. The three stages of extraction are outlined below. You do not
need to have met these before in order to tackle the questions.

Chromite is reacted with potassium hydroxide and oxygen to

Stage 1
form potassium dichromate (VI), K2Cr2O7.

Potassium dichromate (VI) is heated with carbon to form

Stage 2 chromium (III) oxide, Cr2O3, potassium carbonate and carbon
monoxide.

Stage 3 Chromium (III) oxide is heated with aluminium

a) Complete the equation for the reaction in stage 1

..........FeCr2O4 + ..........KOH + ..........O2 → ..........FeO + ..........K2Cr2O7 + ..........H2O

[1]

b) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction in stage 2.

[1]

c) Name another metal that might be extracted using carbon (as in stage 2).

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1]

d) Draw a dot-and-cross diagram to show the bonding in potassium hydroxide.

[3]
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e) Explain what the reaction in stage 3 suggests about the reactivity of aluminium compared to the
reactivity of chromium.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[2]

[Total for Q2: 8 marks]

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3. This question is about hydrocarbons that have the same molecular formula.

a) There are three possible structures for a saturated hydrocarbon with the formula
C5H12, shown below.
H
H H
H
H H H H H H C H H H
C
C
H H H H
H C C C C C H C H
C
H C C C C H H C H
H H H H H
H
H H
H H H H

pentane 2-methyl butane ?

(i) Give the term that is used to describe compounds that have the same molecular formula
but different structures.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1]

(ii) Give the definition of the term saturated in this context.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1]

(iii) Write down the empirical formula for pentane.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1]

(iv) Give the missing systematic name of the compound shown above.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1]

(v) Why might you expect all of the compounds above to have similar chemical reactivity?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1]

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b) Compounds with the general formula C nH2n have a greater number of different possible
structures. This is because these compounds may either contain a carbon-carbon double bond or
a cyclic ring of carbons. For example, C 3H6 may refer to either of the following structures:

H H H

C
H C H
H H

C C
C C H

H H H H

propene cyclopropane

For the hydrocarbon with molecular formula C 5H10, there are 10 possible structures.

(i) Given the name of the cyclic compound above, suggest the name of the following
compound.

H3C H
H CH3
C
H C C H
H C C H
C
H H
H H Name:………………………………………………………………………
[3]

(ii) Draw the displayed or skeletal formula for three compounds with formula C 5H10 that
contain a double bond.

[3]

(iii) Draw the displayed or skeletal formula for three compounds with formula C 5H10 that
contain a ring.

[3]
[Total for Q3: 14 marks]
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4. This question is about mining the moon.
If ever people are to live on the moon, it will be essential to make the
most of the natural resources there. One idea that has been
extensively looked into is the extraction of oxygen gas from the
minerals present. This could then be used for colonists to breathe, but
also for rocket propulsion when mixed with fuels.

The mineral ilmenite (FeTiO3) provides the simplest route to producing

oxygen. One method is to reduce the ore with hydrogen (brought from Earth) to produce iron,
titanium oxide and water. During this reaction, the titanium and oxide ions do not change their
charge.

a) Define the term reduction.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1]

b) By considering its position in the Periodic Table, what is the charge on the titanium ion?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1]

c) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction between ilmenite and hydrogen. State
symbols are not required.

[2]

d) Another variation is a multistep process that starts with the reaction of ilmenite with methane.
The equation for this is as follows:

FeTi O3 +CH 4 → Fe+Ti O2+CO +2 H 2

The CO is then reacted with hydrogen gas to reform methane (and one other product).

(i) Give the name or formula of the oxidising agent in the above reaction.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1]

(ii) Explain why the carbon monoxide that forms might be a risk to the colonists.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

13
 [2]
(iii) Explain fully why iron (Fe) conducts electricity, but titanium dioxide (TiO 2) does not.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[4]

(iv) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction between carbon monoxide and
hydrogen.

[2]

[Total for Q4: 13 marks]

5.

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5. This question is about drugs made from bromoalkanes.
Bromoalkanes are useful starting materials for the synthesis of
many drug molecules. In some cases, the bromoalkanes can be
made by the reaction of an alkene with bromine.

In this question you can assume that only one hydrogen atom in
each alkane is replaced by a bromine atom when the alkane reacts with bromine.

a)
(i) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction of ethane (C 2H6) and bromine to
give bromoethane. State symbols are not required.

[2]
(ii) How would you classify this reaction? Circle your answer.

Addition Substitution Cracking Polymerisation

[1]

(iii) This reaction requires light and does not proceed in the dark. Which part of the
electromagnetic spectrum is required?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1]

b) When ethane reacts with bromine, any one of the six hydrogen atoms can be replaced. The
symmetry in the ethane molecule means that all hydrogen atoms are equivalent, so there is only
one possible product that can form.

(i) Draw the displayed formula for all the possible products of the reaction between
propane (C3H8) and bromine.

[2]

15
With larger alkanes there can be a multitude of different products. For example, the reaction
between bromine and methylbutane (C 5H12) can form four different products (labelled A – D).

Br CH3 CH3 Br

H2C C CH2 H3C C CH

H CH3 CH3
H
CH3
A B
H3C C CH2 Br2
light CH3
H CH3 CH3

Methylbutane H3C C CH2

H3C C CH2
H CH2
Br CH3
Br
C D

(i) Assuming all the hydrogen atoms are equally likely to be replaced during this reaction,
which of the bromoalkanes A – D would you expect to be formed in the smallest
proportion? Give its letter and systematic name.

Letter: ………………………………………………………..

Systematic name: ……………………………………………………………..

[2]

(ii) Using the same assumption as in part (i) above, calculate the percentage of the four
products A – D that you would expect to find in the mixture.

A: B: C: D:

[2]

[Total for Q5: 10 marks]

[Total for paper: 70 marks]

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