BACKGROUND STUDY

Building construction technology

Waffle slab
Waffle slabs provide stiffer and lighter slabs than an equivalent flat slab. The speed of
construction for such slab is faster compared to conventional slab.
Relatively lightweight hence economical. It uses 30% less concrete and 20% less steel than a raft
slab. They provide low floor deflections.
It has good finishes and robustness.
Fairly slim floor depth and fire resistant. Excellent vibration control.
Advantage
Saving on weight and materials
Long spans
attractive appearance of exposed
Economical when reusable formwork pans used
Vertical penetration between ribs are easy
Disadvantage
Depth of slabs between ribs may control fire rating
Requires special framework
Large vertical penetrations are difficult to handle.
Economical impact
Bigger spans can be achieved with less material, becoming economical andenvironmental
friendly
Ease/installation
Formwork is required
Span
Height of the span maybe 10-12 m or above
Height the wall maybe 3-4m
Height of buildings
The height of the covered part of exhibition space (or building height) must be less than 12 m.
The height limit for any additional architectural elements ( such as skylight, roof elememts,
vertical connection to the roof, sunscreens ect.) Is 17 m
Waffle slabs are used for longer span slab or floors and used when there is limited requirement
for number of columns. The load carrying capacity of waffle slab is greater than the other types
of slabs. They provide good structural stability along with aesthetic appearance.

Space frame structures

The search for new structural forms to accommodate large unobstructed areas has always been
the main objective of architects and engineers.
With the advent of new building techniques and construction materials, space framesfrequently
provide the right answer and satisfy the requirements for lightness, economy, and speedy
construction.
• Significant progress has been made in theprocess of the development of the space frame
• The proliferation of the space frame was mainly due to its great structural potential andvisual
beauty. Newandimaginative applicationsofspace frames are beingdemonstrated in the total range
of building types, such as sports areas, exhibition pavilions, assembly halls.

Advantages
Light weight
One of the most important advantages of a space frame structure is its light weight.
Material/weight
Furthermore, most space frames are now constructed with steel or aluminum, which decreases
considerably their self-weight. The units of space frames are usually mass produced in the
factory so that they can take full advantage of an industrialized system of construction.
Transport / Labour
Such units can be easily transported and rapidly assembled on site by semi-skilled labor.
Low cost
Consequently, space frames can be built at a lower cost.
Strength
A space frame is usually sufficiently stiff in spite of its lightness. Exceptional ability to resist
unsymmetrical or heavy concentrated load. Possessing greater rigidity.
Ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE)
Ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) is a fluorine- based plastic polymer that offers a creative
and lightweight alternative to glass.
With a lifespan of over 30 years and excellentweathering properties, ETFE film is becoming
thematerial of choice for a outdoor andoutdoor/indoor spaces in a variety of climates.

Characteristics of (ETFE)
ETFE has the best of all fluoropolymers the wear resistance, the impact toughness and radiation
resistance ETFE is melt processable: the mechanical properties of ETFE are similar to those of
fully fluorinated polymers.
Excellent resistance to extremes of temperature
Excellent chemical resistance
Good mechanical strength with excellent tensile strength and elongation. It has superior physical
properties compared to most fluoropolymers
It is odorless and non-toxic
Exhibits outstanding resistance to weather aging, exception UV transmission
Excellent dielectric properties
Its radiation resistance is high with the advantageof being cross-linked by high-energy radiation.
Theradiation cross-linked ETFE wire insulation can becontinuously used at 200 °c.
Permeable pavement
Permeable pavements are alternatives to traditional concrete and asphalt that allow the rain that
falls on the surface of the material to pass through and infiltrate into the ground below.
In a convention center, the internal roads, the public pathways and the open parking spaces can
have the permeable pavements.
Parking
Percolated ground surface for car parking areas in order to absorb as much surface water as it
can. This helps in restoring the groundwater table.
Terrace garden
Rooftop gardens are beneficial in reducing surface runoff (rain) by delaying and reducing the
speed of runoff.
Plants have the ability toreduce the overall heatabsorption of the structurethat in turn reduces the
energy consumption.
Area requirement
1. Convention hall-2
2. Mini conventional hall - 4
3. Exhibition hall -2
4. Open Exhibition
5. Multi purpose hall- 1 ( multi purpose hall for meeting, symposium, conference and also be
used as Banquet/ event hall)
6. Auditorium-1
7. Conference hall – 2
8. Open pavillion
9. Restaurants -1
10. Residential Hotel
11. Food court
12. Amphitheatre- 1 ( open event can conduct)
13. Outdoor Plaza
Small Recreational space for public activities like strolling, sitting, passing leisure time,
social interaction and play area.
14. Landscape forefront
15. Parking Area
 Exhibition management centre
 Administrative facilities
 Information booth
 Fire safety arrangement
 Security office and booth
 Stationary shops