DIABETES

DIABETES

 Diabetes is a chronic disease that occurs either when the pancreas does not
produce enough insulin or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it
produces.

(Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood glucose)

 Sometimes people call diabetes “a touch of sugar” or “borderline diabetes.”

These terms suggest that someone doesn’t really have diabetes or has a less
serious case, but every case of diabetes is serious.

 Diabetes mellitus refers to a group of diseases that affect how the body uses
blood sugar (glucose). Glucose is an important source of energy for the cells that
make up the muscles and tissues. It's also the brain's main source of fuel.

TYPES OF DIABETES

 Type 1 Diabetes

 Type 2 Diabetes

 Gestational Diabetes

 Pre diabetes

TYPE 1 DIABETES

 Formerly known as juvenile diabetes or insulin-dependent diabetes.

 It is usually diagnosed in children and young adults. Only 10% of people with
diabetes have this form of the disease.

 In type 1 diabetes, the body does not produce insulin.

TYPE 2 DIABETES

 Formerly called non-insulin-dependent, or adult-onset.

 The body does not produce enough insulin for proper function, or the cell in the
body do not react to insulin

 In type 2 diabetes, there are primarily two interrelated problems at work. Your
pancreas does not produce enough insulin — a hormone that regulates the
movement of sugar into your cells — and cells respond poorly to insulin and take
in less sugar.

 90-95% of people with diabetes have type 2 diabetes.

 Overweight and obese people have a mush higher risk of developing type 2
diabetes.

 You could have type 2 diabetes for years without any symptoms. When
symptoms do start, they’ll often be mild. It’s easy to dismiss them or mistake
them for other conditions.
 Type 1 Diabetes
Age • During childhood but can
develop at any age
Risk factor • Family history
• Genetics
• Geography
• Age
Symptoms • Increased appetite and
thirst
• Frequent urination
• Bed-wetting
• Unintended weight loss
• Feeling irritable or having
other mood changes
• Blurred vision
• Tired and weak
Types 2 Diabetes
• Can develop at any age but
is most common in adults
over 45
• Overweight and/or inactive
• Family history
• High blood pressure
• Age
• Increased appetite and thirst
• Frequent urination
• Increased hunger
• Unintended weight loss
• Fatigue
• Blurred vision
• Slow-healing sores
• Dark patches on armpits/
neck
• Tired and weak

Prevention • No known prevention • Eating healthy foods

methods • Getting active
• Losing weight
• Avoiding inactivity for long
periods
• Insulin therapy
Treatment • Insulin therapy/injections • Healthy living
• Possible insulin support

Type 1 Diabetes Type 2 Diabetes

Complications • Heart and blood vessel • Heart and blood vessel

disease disease
• Nerve damage • Nerve damage
• Other nerve damage • Other nerve damage
• Kidney damage • Kidney disease
• Eye damage • Eye damage
• Skin and mouth condition • Skin condition
• Slow healing • Slow healing
• Hearing impairment • Hearing impairment
• Foot damage • Sleep apnea
• Pregnancy complication • Dementia

GESTATIONAL DIABETES
  Gestational diabetes is hyperglycemia with blood glucose values above
normal but below those diagnostic of diabetes. Gestational diabetes occurs
during pregnancy
 Gestational diabetes causes high blood sugar that can affect your pregnancy
and your baby's health.

You Your baby

Complications • High blood pressure and • Excessive birth weight

preeclampsia • Early (preterm) birth
• Having a surgical • Serious breathing
delivery (C-section) difficulties
• Future diabetes • Low blood sugar
• Obesity and type 2
diabetes
• stillbirth

Risk factor Prevention

• Being overweight or obese • Eat healthy foods

• Not being physically active • Keep active
• Having pre diabetes • Start pregnancy at healthy weight
• Having had gestational • Don’t gain more weight
diabetes during a previous
pregnancy
• Having polycystic ovary
syndrome
• Having an immediate family
member with diabetes
• Having previously delivered a
baby weighing more than 9
pounds (4.1 kilograms)

PREDIABETIC

 Prediabetes means you have a higher than normal blood sugar level. It's not
high enough to be considered type 2 diabetes yet. But without lifestyle changes,
adults and children with prediabetes are at high risk to develop type 2 diabetes.

 You can prevent or delay prediabetes from turning into type 2 diabetes with
simple, proven lifestyle changes.

 Symptoms  Risk factor  Complications  Prevention

 Increased  Weight  High blood  Eating healthy
thirst  Diet pressure foods
 Frequent  Inactivity  High  Getting active
urination  Waist size cholesterol  Losing excess
 Increased  Age  Heart disease weight
hunger  Family history  Stroke  Controlling
 Fatigue  Gestational  Kidney your blood
 Blurred vision diabetes disease pressure and
 Numbness or  Polycystic  Nerve cholesterol
tingling in the ovary damage  Not smoking
feet or hands syndrome  Fatty liver
 Frequent  Sleep disease
infections  Tobacco  Eye damage,
 Slow-healing smoke including loss
sores of vision
 Unintended  Amputations
weight loss