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NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL HEALTH AGENCIES

INTRODUCTION:

“Nothing on earth is more international than disease.” Paul Rossi Throughout the history
disease and ill health have been remained as burden and liability to society, nation, and world
at large. Health of citizen is a proper concern of the government

The concept of public health today has changed in a striking manner and vast network of
public health units have evolved. Smallest of these cater to health needs of rural areas
Nationwide –national health agency
World wide -International health agency.

1) INDIAN REDCROSS:

The Indian Red Cross society was established in the year 1920. It has a network of over 400
branches all over India. It has been executing programmes for the promotion of the health,
prevention of disease and mitigation of suffering among the people.

ACTIVITIES:
 RELIEF WORK:
When disaster strikes any part of the country in the shape of the earth quakes,
floods, etc…the Red Cross society immediately mobilizes all its resources and goes to
the recourse of the affected people.

 MILK AND MEDICAL SUPLY:

The number of hospitals, dispensaries, maternity and child welfare centers,
schools, and orphanages receive assistance from the society every year. The assistance
given consists, mainly milk powder, medicines, vitamins and other medical supplies.

 ARMED FORCES:
The care of the sick and wounded among the member of the forces is one of the
primary obligations of the Red Cross. The society runs well equipped hospitals, the
Red Cross home in Bangalore.

 MATERNAL AND CHILD WELFARE SERVICES:

There is large number of maternity and child welfare centers all over India. Either
directly administered by or is affiliated to the Red Cross. There is bureau of maternity
and child welfare, which provides technical advice to and financial aid to schemes for
establishing model maternity and child welfare centers.

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 FAMILY PLANNING:
Several states are running family planning clinics under allspices of Indian Red Cross.

 BLOOD BANK AND FIRST AID:

Some of the state branches have started blood banks. The st John Ambulance
Association in India which is part of Red Cross.

2) HIND KUSHT NIVARAN SANGH:

The hind kusht nivaran sangh was founded in 1950 with its headquarters in NEW DELHI
OBJECTIVES:
 To control leprosy and provide relief assistance to the affected person and their family.
 To collaborate and coordinate with other organization.
 To promote social research into the cause and treatment of leprosy.
 To established and maintain institution for the treatment of patients, by up to date
scientific methods.
 To educate the people.
 To established training centers for leprosy and premedical workers.

ACTIVITES:
 Rendering of financial assistance to various leprosy homes and clinics.
 Health education through publication and posters.
 Training for medical workers and physiotherapists.
 Conducting research and field investigations.
 Publication of journal ‘Leprosy in India’ a quarterly journal.
 Rehabilitation programme for cured persons.
Ex: Production of handloom cloths
Poultry forming
Cultivation of vegetables
Sewing centers

3) INDIAN COUNCIL FOR CHILD WELFARE:

IT is established in the year 1952. This organization works for the development
disadvantaged children in Childs rights issues, like child labor, female infanticide, child abuse,

4) TUBERCULOSIS ASSOCIATION OF INDIA:

Tuberculosis Association of India formed in the year 1939, it has branches in all states in India.

ACTIVITIES:
 Organization a TB seals campaign every year to raise funds, training of doctors, health
visitors, and social workers in anti tuberculosis Treatment
 Promotion of health by proper treatment.
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 The fallowing institution are under the management of association

o The new Delhi TB center
o The lady linlithgow santorium in kasauli
o The king Edwards VII sanitation at dharampur
o Tuberculosis hospital at mehrauli.

5) BHARAT SEVEK SAMAJ:

The BSS is a non –political and non official organization established in 1952, one of the
prime objectives of BSS is to help people to achieve health by their own action and efforts, the
BSS has branches in all the states and in nearly all the districts, improvement of sanitation in
village is one of the important activity of BSS.

6) THE KASTURBA GANDHI NATIONAL MEMORIAL FUND:

Created in of karturba Gandhi, after her death in 1944, the fund was raised with the main
object of improving the life of women, especially in the village through gram sevikas.

INTERNATIONAL HEALTH AGENCIES

International health agencies have the primary responsibility for protection of health and
citizen welfare. They meet responsibility through funding of research and enforcement of
health regulation

1. International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement:

It is the World’s largest humanitarian network. It Provides protection and assistance to

people affected by conflicts and disasters Organization devoted to service of mankind in peace
and war founded by Henry Quant, a young Swiss businessman.

Fundamental principles of Red Cross and Crescent

1) Humanity
2) Impartiality
3) Neutrality
4) Independence
5) Voluntary service
6) Unity
7) Universality
Works of red cross
 Providing help and relief during natural disaster.
 Services to armed forces.
 Services to war veterans.
 Programmes on first aid and nursing.

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 Providing maternity and child welfare services.

2. The Food and Agriculture Organization:

It is formed in year 1945. Organization concerned with human diseases of animal origin,
nutrition and with rural hygiene.

Main function of FAO:-

1) Providing help to all nations to fight poverty and to raise living standards of their people.
2) Ensuring adequate availability of food to people of all nations through increased food
production.
3. Helping nations to increase the efficiency in the field of farming, forestry and fishing.
4. Campaigning for freedom from hunger in all nations.
5. Helping nations to better the condition of their people in rural areas.

3. United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund:

It was created by General Assembly during its first session in 1946. and was called United
Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund. In 1950 General Assembly changed main
emphasis of UNICEF mandate to Program’s of long range benefit s to children of developing
countries.
Functions of UNICEF
1. It consists of planning and extension of services benefiting children in consultation
with countries concerned.
2. It provides support to strengthen the training and orientation of national personnel
including health hygiene functionaries, teachers, and nutritionists.
3. It supports activities related to women empowerment as community participation in
implementation and monitoring of services benefiting women and children.
4. Helps on development of appropriate communication material for advocacy and
information disseminations and education.
5. It delivers technical supplies, equipment, and other aids.
6. UNICEF promotes movement for basic needs and promotes primary education to
promote family planning, encourage breast feeding, vitamin A deficiency polio
eradication.

GOBI3F Campaign to encourage 4 strategies for a “child health revolution”

G- for growth charts to better monitor child development.
O- for oral rehydration to treat all mild and moderate dehydration.
B- for breast feeding.

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I- for immunization against measles, polio, tetanus, and tuberculosis

F-female literacy
F-food
F-family planning

4. World Health Organization:

It is a specialized, non-political, health agency of UN with headquarters at Geneva. Established
on April 7, 1948. 7th April is celebrated every year as ‘World Health Day’

Objectives of WHO
 To help government strengthen their health services.
 To promote in-cooperation with other specialized agencies where necessary-
improvement of nutrition, housing, sanitation, economic or working conditions and
other aspects of environmental hygiene

 To promote cooperation among scientific and professional group which advanced cause
of good health
 To promote maternal and child health and welfare.
 To foster activities in the field of mental health.
 Stimulate eradication of epidemic, endemic and other diseases.
 To propose international conventions.
 To develop international standards for food and pharmaceutical products.
 To assist in developing an informed public opinion among all people on matters of
health.
 The basic function of WHO is advisory service.

Work of WHO
 First division is the ‘classical’ or ‘inherited work’ which caused international health
organizations to come into existence.
 Second division of work is the direct services to the government on the field.
 Third division of whose work can be described as education and formation
Role of WHO in public health
 Providing leadership on matters critical to health and engaging in partnership where
joint action is needed.
 Shaping the research agenda and stimulating the generations, translations of valuable
knowledge.
 Setting norms and standards and monitoring their implementation.
 Articulation ethical and evidence based policy options
 Monitoring health situation and assessing health trends.

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ACTIVITIES:
1. Malaria eradication
2. TB control
3. Control of communicable diseases
4. Health statistics
5. MCH services
6. Medical and nursing education
7. Environmental sanitation
8. Mental and dental rehabilitation

5) United States Agency for International Development:

Established in 1961, with aim for helping countries in their economic and social
development. USAID assists India in wide variety of projects for improvement of health of
people.

Projects includes
 Support to national health programs like malaria eradication .
 Supports in field of medical, nursing and health education.
 Support to projects related to water supply and sanitation.
 Supports for projects related to control of communicable diseases.
 Supports for projects in nutrition and family planning

6) International Labour Organization:

ILO was established in the year 1919 as an affiliate of the League of Nations to
impure the working and living condition of the working population all over the world.

OBJECTIVES:
 TO contribute to the establishment of lasting peace by promoting social justice.
 To improve Labour condition and standards.
 To promote economic and social stability.

7) COOPERRATIVE FOR AMERICAN RELIEF EVERYWHERE:

CARE is nonsectarian, nongovernmental organization. Established in the year 1946 for the
immediate purpose of sending food from American donors to people in war divested Europe.
When post war emergency programmers completed, CARE extended programmers to other
countries. In India operation began in 1950 it has been helping India in
 Midday school meal programme, in primary school children since 1961.
 It has given help in the field of medicine, literacy vocation training, and agriculture.

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 It also helps schools by providing garden tools, pumps, and improved seeds to grow
more food.
 CARE has provided mobile medical x-ray machines, diagnostic equipments, eye glass,
and frames. Medical books. Medicines and vitamins.

8) UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGAMME:

UNDP was established in 1965 with the objectives of help poorer nations
develop their own human and natural resources to the fullest extent. WHO the executing
agency of the UNDP in public promotion.

AIMS of UNDP:

 Increased production and processing of food, timber and other agricultural

commodities
 Expansion and modernization of industry, power generation, transport, and
communication.
 Improvement for basic essential facilities for education, health care, housing,
employment, and administrative and social services.
 Progress in integrated rural development, comprehensive urban renewal, equal
participation of women in development and other pioneering fields.

9 ) INTERNATIONAL ROTARY CLUB

International organization of rotary club is known as rotary international, it is a secular
organization devoted to bringing together business and professional leaders to provide
humanitarian service. It begun in 1905.Around 33,000 rotary club are located around the
world. Each club is a part of international group dedicated to the motto "service above self".

Purpose of Rotary Club

a) To promote humanitarian service
b) Encourage high ethical standards
c) Help build goodwill throughout the world
d) Community services.
e) Organize Disease Eradication Projects (polio plus to eradicate polio is well known
project)
10. Lions Club International
It began in 1917.
Objective-

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To provide the youth of the world with an opportunity for development and
contribution, individually and collectively as responsible members of the local, national and
international community.

Functions-
Lions Club makes community a better place to live
1) Lions project for healthy life
a) Sight project: Provide cataract surgeries Support lions eye banks
         b) Lions support local and large scale efforts to control and prevent diabetes and
diabetic retinopathy.
         c) Lions focus on hearing and recycling programs.
2) Service for children project
a) Literacy programs.
         b) Providing wheelchairs for disabled children         
         c) Providing books, nutritional programs for undernourished children.
         d) Providing immunization.