Professional Documents
Culture Documents
MSF1
MSF1
〈n〉
1. Calculer v = vi ni
⎛ 1⎞
⎜ 3 ⎟
⎛1⎞ ⎜ ⎟
→ ⎜ −2 ⎟ → −1 ⎟
v= n = ⎜
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ 3⎟
⎝2⎠ ⎜ ⎟
1
⎜ ⎟
⎝ 3⎠
〈n〉
v = vi⋅ ni = v1 n1 + v2 n2 + v3 n3
1 ⎛ − 1 ⎞ + 2⋅ 1
+ ( − 2) ⋅ ⎜
〈n〉 5
= 1⋅ ⎟ v =
3 ⎝ 3⎠ 3 3
〈n〉 5
Donc v =
3
2. Calculer les grandeurs suivantse:
⎛1 0 3⎞ ⎛ 0 1 −2 ⎞
⎜
Aij = 3 −2 1
⎟ ⎜
Bij = −1 0 1
⎟
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
⎝3 1 1⎠ ⎝ 2 −1 0 ⎠
Tik = Aij⋅ B jk
i=1 T1k = Aj ⋅ B jk
T21 = A2j B j1 = A21 B11 + A22 B21 + A23 B31 = 3⋅ 0 + ( −2) ⋅ ( −1) + 1⋅ 2 = 4
T22 = A2j B j2 = A21 B12 + A22 B22 + A23 B32 = 3⋅ 1 + ( −2) ⋅ 0 + 1⋅ ( −1) = 2
T23 = A2j⋅ B j3 = A21 B13 + A22 B23 + A23 B33 = 3( −2) + ( −2)1 + 1⋅ 0 = −8
i = 3 T3k = A3j B jk
⎛ 6 −2 −2 ⎞
Donc Tik = ⎜ 4 2 −8 ⎟
⎜ ⎟
⎝ 1 2 −5 ⎠
c = Aij Bij
c = A11 B11 + A12 B12 + A13 B13 + A21 B21 + A22 B22 + A23 B23 + A31 B31
c = 0+0−6−3+0+1+6−1+0 c = −3
Donc c = −3
E ⎛a + υ δ a ⎞
a τ ij = ⎜ ij ij kk⎟ i, j
1 + υ⎝ 1 − 2υ ⎠ k correct
b τ ij = δ ij τ ij i, j faux faux
c τ ij = −p δ ij + 2 μ ⎛ δ ij Vkk⎞⎟
1
⎜ Vij − i, j k correct
⎝ 3 ⎠
2 D23 x2 x3 + 2 D13 x1 x3
D13 = −D31
⇒ Dij xi x j = 0
Donc Dij xi x j = 0
⎛2 4 6 ⎞
⎜
τ ij = 4 0 −3
⎟ ( MPa)
⎜ ⎟
⎝ 6 −3 2 ⎠
I1 = τ ii = τ 11 + τ 22 + τ 33 = 2 + 0 + 2 = 4
Donc I1 = 4MPa
I2 =
1
2
(τ ij τ ji − τ ii τ jj)
I2 =
1
2
(τ j τ j1 + τ 2j τ j2 + τ 3j τ j3 − τ ii τ jj)
I2 = ( τ 11 τ 11 + τ 12 τ 21 + τ 13 τ 31 + τ 21 τ 12 + τ 22 τ 22 + τ 23 τ 32 + τ 31 τ 13
1
2
Préparée par: LY Try 3 Département: Génie Civil
Institut de Technologie du Cambodge Mécanique des Solides et des Fluides
τ 32 τ 23 + τ 33 τ 33 − τ 11 τ 11 − τ 11 τ 22 − τ 11 τ 33 − τ 22 τ 11 − τ 22 τ 22 − τ 22 τ 33
−τ 33 τ 11 − τ 33 τ 22 − τ 33 τ 33
2 2 2
I2 = 4 + ( −3) + 6 − 2⋅ 0 − 2⋅ 2 − 0⋅ 2 I2 → 57
Donc I2 = 57MPa
= S11 A11 + S12 A12 + S13 A13 + S21 A21 + S22 A22 + S23 A23 + S31 A31
= S11 A11 + S22 A22 + S33 A33 + S12( A12 + A21) + S23( A23 + A32)
=0
b en notations indicielles:
Sij Aij = 0
τ PQ = α Pi α Qj τ ij
τ QP = α Qi α Pj τ ij
τ QP = α Pi α Qj τ ji τ ij = τ ji On remplace i par j
⇒ τ PQ = τ QP
τ ij = −τ ji ⇒ τ PQ = α Pi α Qj τ ij
⇒ τ PQ = −τ QP
⎛ 7 0 −2 ⎞
⎜
τ = 0 5 0
⎟ ( MPa)
⎜ ⎟
⎝ −2 0 4 ⎠
→ →
a n = 1x
⎛7⎞ ⎛0⎞ ⎛ −2 ⎞
〈0〉 ⎜0⎟ 〈1〉 ⎜5⎟ 〈2〉 ⎜0⎟
τ = τ = τ =
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
⎝ −2 ⎠ ⎝0⎠ ⎝4⎠
⎛7⎞
〈0〉 〈1〉 〈2〉 ⎜ ⎟
T = 1⋅ τ + 0⋅ τ + 0⋅ τ T= 0
⎜ ⎟
⎝ −2 ⎠
⎯
→
⎛7⎞
Donc T1 =
⎜ 0 ⎟ ⋅ ( MPa)
⎜ ⎟
⎝ −2 ⎠
→ →
b n = 1y
⎛0⎞
〈0〉 〈1〉 〈2〉 ⎜ ⎟
T = 0⋅ τ + 1⋅ τ + 0⋅ τ T= 5
⎜ ⎟
⎝0⎠
⎯
→
⎛0⎞
Donc T2 =
⎜ 5 ⎟ ⋅ ( MPa)
⎜ ⎟
⎝0⎠
→ 1 → 1 →
c n= ⋅ 1x + 1y
2 2
⎛ 4.95 ⎞
1 〈0〉 1 〈1〉 〈2〉 ⎜ ⎟
T = ⋅τ + ⋅ τ + 0⋅ τ T = 3.54
2 2 ⎜ ⎟
⎝ −1.41 ⎠
⎛ 7 ⎞
⎜ 2 ⎟
⎜ ⎟
⎯
→
Tn = ⎜
5 ⎟
Donc ⋅ ( MPa)
⎜ 2⎟
⎜ −2
⎟
⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2⎠
→ 2 → 2 → 1→
d n = ⋅ 1x − 1y + 1z
3 3 3
⎛ 4 ⎞
2 〈0〉 −2 〈1〉 1 〈2〉
T = ⋅τ + ⋅τ + ⋅τ T = ⎜ −3.33 ⎟
3 3 3 ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 0 ⎠
⎛ 4 ⎞
⎯
→ ⎜ 1⎟
Donc Tn = ⎜ −3 ⎟ ⋅ ( MPa)
3
⎜ ⎟
⎝ 0 ⎠
2 Développer de manière indicielle (à 2 dimesions):
τ ij tenseur symétrique
On a: τ PQ = α Pi α Qj τ ij
τ PP = α Pi α Pj τ ij = α Px α Pj τ xj + α Py α Pj τ yj
= α Px α Px τ xx + α Px α Py τ xy + α Py α Px τ yx + α Py α Py τ yy
τ PQ = α Pi α Qj τ ij = α Px α Qj τ xj + α Py α Qj τ yj
= α Px α Qx τ xx + α Px α Qy τ xy + α Py α Qx τ yx + α Py α Qy τ yy
τ QQ = α Qi α Qj τ ij = α Qx α Qj τ xj + α Qy α Qj τ yj
= α Qx α Qx τ xx + α Qx α Qy τ xy + α Qy α Qx τ yx + α Qy α Qy τ yy
α ux = α xu = cos ( u , x) = cosφ
α uy = α yu = cos ( u , y) = cos ⎜
⎛ π − φ⎞ = sinφ
⎟
⎝2 ⎠
α vx = α xv = cos ( v , x) = cos ⎜
⎛ π + φ⎞ = −sinφ
⎟
⎝2 ⎠
α vy = α yv = cos ( v , y) = cosφ
2 2
τ uu = σ u = cos φ σ x + 2 τ xy cosφ⋅ sinφ + sin φ σ y
1 + cos2φ 1 − cos2φ
= σx + σ y + τ xy sin2φ
2 2
σx + σy σx − σy
σu = + cos2φ + τ xy sin2φ
2 2
2 2
τ uv = −sinφ⋅ cosφ⋅ σ x + cos ⋅ φ ⋅ τ xy − sin ⋅ φ ⋅ τ yx + sinφ⋅ cosφ σ y
−σ x + σ y
= sin2φ + τ xy cos2φ
2
2 2
τ vv = sin φ σ x − sinφ⋅ cosφ τ xy + sinφ⋅ cosφ σ y + cos σ y
σx + σy σx − σy
σv = − cos2φ − τ xy sin2φ
2 2
⎛ 3 −2 ⎞
τ ij = ⎜ ⎟ φ = 30°
⎝ −2 −1 ⎠
σx + σy σx − σy
σu = + cos2φ + τ xy sin2φ
2 2
3−1 3+1 1 3
σ = + −2 σ = 0.27
2 2 2 2
−σ x + σ y
τ uv = sin2φ + τ xy cos2φ
2
−3 − 1 3 1
τ = ⋅ − 2⋅ τ = −2.73
2 2 2
σx + σy σx − σy
σv = − cos2φ − τ xy sin2φ
2 2
3−1 3+1 1 3
σ = − ⋅ + 2⋅ σ = 1.73
2 2 2 2
⎛ 0.27 −2.73 ⎞
Donc τ uv = ⎜ ⎟
⎝ −2.73 1.73 ⎠
⎛ σ0 0 ⎞
τ ij = ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 0 0⎠
On a 2
σx + σy ⎛ σx − σy ⎞
⎟ + ( τ xy)
2
σ 1 , 2 = σ max , min = ⋅± ⎜
2 ⎝ 2 ⎠
comme σx = σ0 σy = 0 τ xy = 0
σ0 + 0 σ0
⇒ σ max = + = σ0
2 2
σ0 σ0
σ min = − =0
2 2
2⋅ τ xy
tan ( 2⋅ θ p ) =
σx − σy
tan ( 2 θ p ) = 0
π
2 θ p = kπ θp = 0 ,
2
π
Donc σ max = σ 0 , σ min = 0 , θ p = 0 ,
2
fi + τ ji , j = 0
fx + τ jx , j = 0
∂τ xx ∂τ yx
fx + + =0
∂x ∂y
∂τ xx ∂τ yx
comme =0 =0
∂x ∂y
Préparée par: LY Try 9 Département: Génie Civil
Institut de Technologie du Cambodge Mécanique des Solides et des Fluides
⇒ fx = 0
fy + τ jy , j = 0
∂τ xy ∂τ yy
fy + + =0
∂x ∂y
∂τ xy ∂τ yy
comme =0 =0
∂x ∂y
⇒ fy = 0
〈 〉
( T j) n = τ ij ni
〈 〉 → →
(Tx) n = τ ix ni = τ xx nx + τ yx ny = σ 0 1x + 0 1y
⎯→
〈x〉 ⎛ σ0 ⎞
⇒ T = ⎜ ⎟
⎝0 ⎠
⎯⎯ → ⎯→
〈− x〉 〈x〉 ⎛ −σ 0 ⎞
comme T = −T = ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 0 ⎠
〈 〉 → →
(Ty) n = τ iy ni = τ xy nx + τ yy ny = 0⋅ 1x + 0⋅ 1y
⎯→
〈y〉 →
⇒ T =0
⎯⎯ →
〈− y〉 →
T =0
⌠ 〈n〉
→ ⌠
F=
⎮ →
⎮ i
f dV +
⎮
⎮ (→Ti) dS
⌡ ⌡
V S
⌠
→ ⎮ → 〈n〉
( )
⌠ →
⎮
mais f dV = 0 ⇒ F = ⎮ Ti dS
⎮ i
⌡ ⌡
V S
⌠
→ ⎮ → 〈x〉
→ →
n = 1x F = ⎮ Ti ( ) →
dS = σ 0 a⋅ b⋅ 1x
⌡
S
⌠
→ ⎮ → 〈− x〉
→ →
n = − 1x F = ⎮ Ti ( ) →
dS = −σ 0 a⋅ b⋅ 1x
⌡
S
⌠
→ ⎮ → 〈y〉
→ →
n = 1y F = ⎮ Ti
→
( )
dS = 0
⌡
S
⌠
→ ⎮ → 〈− y〉
→ →
n = − 1y F = ⎮ Ti ( )
→
dS = 0
⌡
S
Calculer le couple résultant par rapport au centre de la face:
⌠ ⎯→
→ ⌠ ⎮→→ ⎮ → 〈n〉
c= r × f dV + ⎮ r × T dS
⎮
⌡ ⌡
V S
⌠→→ ⌠
→ ⎮ → ⎯〈→ → ⎛x⎞
⎮ n〉 ⎜y⎟
mais r × f dV = 0 ⇒ c = ⎮ r × T dS r=
⎮
⌡ ⌡ ⎜ ⎟
V S ⎝z⎠
→ →
Pour n = 1x
⌠ ⌠ ⎛⎜ 0
⎟⎞
⎛ σ0 ⎞ ⎮ ⎛ 0 ⎞
→ ⎮ ⎛x⎞
⎜ y ⎟×⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ →
⎮ 0
c=⎮ σ
⎜ ⎟ ⎜0 ⎟ ⎜ 0 ⎟ dS = ⎜ ⌠ ⎟=0
dS = ⎮ z
⎮
⎝ z ⎠ ⎜⎝ 0 ⎟⎠ ⎜ −σ y ⎟ ⎜ − σ 0 y dS ⎟
⎮ ⎮
⎮ ⎮ ⎝ 0 ⎠
⌡ ⎜⎮ ⎟
S
⌡ ⎝⌡ ⎠
S S
→ →
Pour n = − 1x
⌠ ⌠ ⎛⎜ 0
⎟⎞
⎛x⎞ ⎛ −σ 0 ⎞ ⎮ ⎛ 0 ⎞
→ ⎮ ⎜ y ⎟×⎜ ⎟ ⎮ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ 0 ⎟ →
c=⎮ ⎜ 0 ⎟ dS = ⎮ − σ
⎜ 0 ⎟ dS = ⎜ ⌠
z ⎟=0
⎮ ⎜ ⎟
⎝ z ⎠ ⎜⎝ 0 ⎟⎠ ⎜σ y⎟ ⎜ ⎮ σ 0 y dS ⎟
⎮
⎮ ⎝ 0 ⎠
⌡ ⎮ ⎜⎮ ⎟
S
⌡ ⎝⌡ ⎠
S S
→ →
Pour n = 1y
⌠
⎛x⎞ ⎛0⎞
→ ⎮ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ →
c=⎮ y × 0 dS = 0
⎮ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
⎮ ⎝z ⎠ ⎝0⎠
⌡
S
→ →
Pour n = 1y
⌠
→ ⎮
⎛x⎞ ⎛0⎞
c=⎮
⎜ y ⎟ × ⎜ 0 ⎟ dS =→0
⎮ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
⎮ ⎝z ⎠ ⎝0⎠
⌡
S
2. Reprendre les relations de changement d axes:
On a: σx + σy σx − σy
σu = + cos2φ + τ xy sin2φ
2 2
−σ x + σ y
τ uv = sin2φ + τ xy cos2φ
2
σx + σy σx − σy
σv = − cos2φ − τ xy sin2φ
2 2
dσu
= −( σ x − σ y ) sin2θ + 2 τ xy cos2θ = 2 τ uv
dθ
dσu 1 ⎛ 2 τ xy ⎞
⇒ =0 ⇒ θ = arctan ⎜ ⎟
dθ 2 ⎝ σx − σy ⎠
2 τ xy
tan ( 2θ ) =
2 1 1
⇒ cos2θ = ⇒ cos2θ = ±
σx − σy 2 2
1 + tan2θ 1 + tan2θ
2 1 1
⇒ sin2θ = ⇒ sin2θ = ±
2 2
1 + cotg2θ 1 + cotg2θ
σx + σy σx − σy 1 1
σ1 = + ⋅ + τ xy⋅
2 2 2 2
⎛ 2⋅ τ xy ⎞ ⎛ σx − σy ⎞
1+⎜ ⎟ 1+⎜ ⎟
⎝ σx − σy ⎠ ⎝ 2 τ xy ⎠
σx + σy ⎡(σ x − σ y) 2 ⎤
⎢ + 2 ( τ xy) ⋅
2⎥ 1
= +
2 ⎣ 2 ⎦ (σx − σy)2 + (2⋅ τ xy)2
σx − σy
(σx − σy)2 + (2 τ xy)2
1
= + ⋅
2 2
σx + σy σx − σy 1 1
σ2 = − ⋅ − τ xy⋅
2 2 2 2
⎛ 2⋅ τ xy ⎞ ⎛ σx − σy ⎞
1+⎜ ⎟ 1+⎜ ⎟
⎝ σx − σy ⎠ ⎝ 2 τ xy ⎠
σx + σy ⎡(σ x − σ y) 2 ⎤
−⎢ + 2 ( τ xy) ⎥ ⋅
2 1
=
2 ⎣ 2 ⎦ (σx − σy)2 + (2⋅ τ xy)2
σx − σy
⋅ ( σ x − σ y ) + ( 2 τ xy)
1 2 2
= −
2 2
b. en déduire que les directions τ uv maximum sont orientées à 45° des directions
principales:
−σ x + σ y
τ uv = sin2θ + τ xy cos2θ
2
dτuv
= −( σ x − σ y ) cos2θ − 2 τ xy sin2θ = 0
dθ
σy − σx
tan2θ = mais τ xy = 0
2 τ xy
π π
⇒ 2θ = θ =
2 4
π
Donc θ =
4