QUALITY MANAGEMENT

DR. ALI RAZA KHOSO

 Quality Management

“It is a process that ensures the

quality of the product throughtout
its life cycle.”
Quality Management in the life cycle of a construction project

1. Quality
Management in
analyzing market
demands or
perceived needs
6. Quality 2. Quality
Management Management
during at conceptual
operation and planning and
maintenance feasibility
study stage

Quality
Management in the
life cycle of a
construction
project

5. Quality
Management
3. Quality
at
Management
construction
at the design
stage
and
engineering
stage

4. Quality
Management
at procurement
stage
1. Quality management in analyzing market demands or perceived needs

• The aim of this stage is to define project objectives and scope. Once
an owner has identified the need for a new facility, the owner must
define the requirements.

• It involves establishing broad project characteristics such as location,

performance criteria, size, layout, equipment, services and other
owner requirements needed to establish the general aspects of the
project.
• Application of quality management practices can help in
achieving the above objective. Recommended steps to achieve
this objective include:

• Employment of qualified and experienced professionals.

• Assuring the accuracy of data in analyzing the needs of

society/community.

• Consideration of geotechnical site considerations, earthquake

zone, assessment of loading conditions

• Application of total quality management principles in the

above process.
2. Quality management at conceptual planning and feasibility study stage

• Technical assistance in the selection of design parameters like

earthquake load considerations and adoption of proper seismic
standards is also important besides other considerations.
Recommended steps to assure the objective include:
• Applying the quality management criteria in the selection of design
professional.
• Selection of proper codes & standards for the design of structure in
accordance of perceived needs of the project.
3. Quality management at the design and engineering stage

• The objectives of this stage are Construction Plans and Specifications.

• This phase involves the architectural and engineering design of the entire
project.

• The preparation of final working drawings and specifications for the total
construction program are finalized at this stage.
• Detailed design and specifications should be in accordance
with updated codes and standards. The recommended steps at
this stage include:

• Consideration of specific site conditions from design point of

view.

• Selection of appropriate design criteria (standards and

specifications).

• Mentioning the use of required technology and construction

methods in the technical specification.
4. Quality management at procurement stage.

• Procurement refers to the ordering, expediting and delivering of key project equipment and
materials, especially those that may involve long delivery periods. Selecting the most appropriate
organization for design and construction work represents a fundamental aspect of the modern
building “procurement” process (Turner, 1997; Ashworth, 2002).

• The most common criteria found in literature concerning the choice of procurement methods
include time, price certainty, flexibility, quality, complexity, risk, price competition, responsibility,
and dispute and arbitration (NEDO, 1985; Skitmore and Marsden, 1988; Love, 1998).
• Quality management in the procurement process is important
as this process will ensure the most appropriate organization
for design and construction. Besides this it will help in ensuring
the quality criteria in the selection of key project technical
staff, equipment and materials. The recommended steps in the
procurement process are:
• Adoption of the appropriate Procurement Assessment Criteria
(PAC) considering the factors: speed (time), price certainty,
flexibility, quality level, complexity, risk avoidance, price
competition, responsibility, and dispute and arbitration.
• Selection of most appropriate organizations to undertake the
work.
• Ensuring the quality criteria in the selection of key project
technical staff, equipment and materials.
5.5 Quality management at the construction stage

• Construction is the process of physically erecting the project and putting the
materials and equipment into place and this involves providing the manpower,
construction equipment, materials, supplies, supervision, and management
which are necessary to accomplish the work.

• Once the design and procurement process has been done according to quality
requirements, the next important stage is to ensure the quality during
construction operation. This depends upon the proper quality control during
execution of the project.
The recommended steps to control the quality at the construction stage are:

• Ensuring the quality of materials according to specifications.

• Selection and use of appropriate technology and equipment in the
construction process.
• Ensuring the timely changes in drawings if required.
• Transparency in inspection process.
• Taking necessary measures to stop/avoid corruption.
• Timely rejection of faulty work.
• Recording the non-conformances and taking necessary measures for
rectification.
• Adopting the strategy that things are done right the first time.
6. Quality management during operation and maintenance

• This stage is focused on the use of facilities and the maintenance of the whole
building/structure. In this stage the possible renovations of the building are also
included.

• From the seismic risk management point of view application of quality

management is very important during this stage. Lack of quality control during
maintenance and operation phase of the facility can increase the risk of damage
on account of earthquakes.
• The recommended step from quality management point of
view during the operation and maintenance stage are:
• Assuring quality during the maintenance of structure at regular
intervals.
• Retrofitting of the structure to increase/ improve its stability
against earthquakes if required.
• Study of the structural losses/behavior in the event of
earthquakes and taking remedial measures.
• Analyzing the function of structure time by time and
converting the function of structure to reduce the risk of
damages due to earthquakes if required.
• If it is observed that further maintenance or conversion of the
facility will not be useful then the structure should be
dismantled and possible parts and materials of the structure
should be recycled.
 Quality Control
• Quality control is needed to review the quality of
the product or service. Inspection and testing is
necessary to identify problems and defects that
need correction.

• Quality Control focused on fulfilling quality

requirements
Stages of Quality
Assurance
1. Understand the customer needs
2. Define the objectives
3. Designing the product
4. Prototyping
5. Quality Testing
6. Customer approval
7. Product pilot test
8. Quality test
9. Customer feedback
10.Manufacturing
11.Follow up customer feedback
 Total Quality Management
“Total Quality management is defined as a
continuous effort by the management as
well as employees of a particular
organization to ensure long term customer
loyalty and customer satisfaction. ”
 6 Sigma
•Six Sigma is a disciplined, data-driven
approach and methodology for eliminating
defects in any process, increasing speedy
production, and fixing issues – from
manufacturing to transactional and from
product to service.
6 Sigma
6 Sigma
DMAIC Principle
DMAIC APPROACH
• D= DEFINE
• M=MEASURE
• A=ANALYZE
• I=IMPROVE
• C=CONTROL
DEFINE
• What issues you are facing?
• Opportunities for improving
• Customer requirements
MEASURE
• Quantum of production (quantity/activities)
• Which activity is having issue? Out of totals
• Time taken per each activity
• Number of defects occurred
Analyze
• Analyze gathered data
• Why there is delay?
• What is causing defects?
IMPROVE
• Change the process
• Replace defective activities
• Any replacement of method? Material?
CONTROL
• Review revised process
• How to improve it further?
• Identify future changes