SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE

P E 4-5

BANISAL CARL JOJO K.

DAMILO, VINCE HARVEY B.

SHEKYNAH TAYABAN M.
 SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE

What is Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD)?

 Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), also known as sexually transmitted infections

(STIs), are very common. Millions of new infections occur every year in the United
States. STDs pass from one person to another through vaginal, oral, and anal sex.

WHAT ARE THE 3 TYPES OF STD?

 What are the 3 types of STD? Three bacterial (chlamydia, gonorrhea and syphilis) and
one parasitic STIs (trichomoniasis) are generally curable with existing single-dose
regimens of antibiotics

3 BACTERIAL TYPES OF STDs (Sexually Transmitted Diseases)

1. CHLAMYDIA

 Chlamydia is a common STD that can cause infection among both men and women. It
can cause permanent damage to a women’s reproductive system.

 It can make it difficult or impossible for to get pregnant later.

 It can also cause a potentially fatal ectopic pregnancy (pregnancy that occurs outside
the womb).

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF CHLAMYDIA

1. Painful urination.
2. Vaginal discharge in women.
3. Discharge from the penis in men.
4. Painful sexual intercourse in women.
5. Bleeding between periods and after sex in women.
6. Testicular pain in men.

HOW TO PREVENT CHLAMYDIA?

 You can help to prevent the spread of chlamydia by: using a condom every time you
have vaginal or anal sex. Using a condom to cover the penis during oral sex. Using a
dam (a piece of thin, soft plastic or latex) to cover the female genitals during oral sex or
when rubbing female genitals together.

TREATMENT FOR CHLAMYDIA

 Doxycycline – taken every day for a week.

Azithromycin – one dose of 1g, followed by 500mg once a day for 2 days.

2. GONORRHEA

 Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by infection with the Neisseria
gonorrhoeae bacterium.
  It infects the mucus membranes of the reproductive tract, including the cervix, uterus,
and fallopian tubes in women, and the urethra in women and men.

Signs and symptoms of gonorrhea infection in MEN include:

1.Painful urination. Pus-like discharge from the tip of the penis.

Signs and symptoms of gonorrhea infection in WOMEN include:

1. Increased vaginal discharge.

2. Painful urination.
3. Vaginal bleeding between periods, such as after vaginal intercourse

4. Abdominal or pelvic pain.

HOW TO PREVENT GONNORHEA?

 The surest way to avoid transmission of gonorrhea or other STDs is to abstain from
vaginal, anal, and oral sex, or to be in a long-term mutually monogamous relationship
with a partner who has been tested and is known to be uninfected.

TREATMENT FOR GONNORHEA

 Gonorrhea can be cured with the right treatment. CDC recommends a single dose of 500
mg of intramuscular ceftriaxone. Alternative regimens are available when ceftriaxone
cannot be used to treat urogenital or rectal gonorrhea.

3. SYPHILIS

 Syphilis is a bacterial infection usually spread by sexual contact.

 It starts with a painless sore, typically on the genitals, rectum or mouth.

 It spreads from person to person via skin or mucous membrane contact with these
sores.

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF SYPHILIS

 Fever.

 Swollen lymph nodes.

 Sore throat.

 Patchy hair loss.

 Headaches.

 Weight loss.

 Muscle aches.

 Fatigue.
HOW TO PREVENT SYPHILIS?

 The only way to completely avoid syphilis is to not have vaginal, anal, or oral sex.
Another option is to be in a long-term mutually monogamous relationship with a partner
who does not have syphilis. Partner-based interventions include partner notification – a
critical component in preventing the spread of syphilis.

TREATMENT FOR SYPHILIS

 A single injection of long-acting Benzathine penicillin G can cure the early stages of
syphilis. This includes primary, secondary, or early latent syphilis. CDC recommends
three doses of long-acting Benzathine penicillin G at weekly intervals for late latent
syphilis or latent syphilis of unknown duration.

KINDS OF SEXUAL TRANSMITTED DISEASE

•Genital herpes.
•HIV/AIDS.
•Pubic lice.
•Trichomoniasis.

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF GENITAL HERPES

 Herpes sores usually appear as one or more blisters on or around the genitals, rectum
or mouth. This is known as having an “outbreak”. The blisters break and leave painful
sores that may take a week or more to heal. Flu-like symptoms (fever, body aches, or
swollen glands) also may occur during the first outbreak.

HOW TO PREVENT GENITAL HERPES?

 The surest way to prevent genital herpes is not to have sex or to have sex only with
someone who’s not infected and who has sex only with you. Condoms can reduce your
risk of getting genital herpes if used the right way every single time you have sex. But a
condom protects only the area of the body that it covers.

TREATMENT FOR GENITAL HERPES

 There is no cure for genital herpes. However, daily use of antiviral medicines can
prevent or shorten outbreaks. Antiviral medicines also can reduce the chance of
spreading it to others

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF HIV/AIDS

 Diarrhea that lasts for more than a week

 Dry cough

 Memory loss, depression and neurological disorders

 Pneumonia

 Profound, unexplained fatigue

 Rapid weight loss

 Recurring fever or profuse night sweats

 Red, brown, pink or purplish blotches on or under the

 Skin or inside the mouth, nose or eyelids

 Swollen lymph glands in the armpits, groin or neck

TREATMENT AND PREVENTION OF HIV/AIDS

 You can use strategies such as abstinence (not having sex), never sharing needles, and
using condoms the right way every time you have sex. You may also be able to take
advantage of HIV prevention medicines such as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and
post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP).
SIGN AND SYMPTOMS OF PUBIC LICE

 Itching, which is usually worse at night. Small red or blue spots on your skin (lice bites)

 white/yellow dots attached to your hair (lice eggs)

 dark red or brown spots in your underwear (lice poo)

HOW TO PREVENT PUBIC LICE

 To prevent pubic lice infestation, avoid having sexual contact or sharing bedding or
clothing with anyone who has an infestation. If you are being treated for pubic lice, all
sexual partners also must be treated.

TREATMENT FOR PUBIC LICE

 A lice-killing lotion containing 1% permethrin or a mousse containing pyrethrins and

piperonyl butoxide can be used to treat pubic (“crab”) lice. These products are available
over-the-counter without a prescription at a local drug store or pharmacy.

1 PARASITIC STIs (Sexually Transmitted Infections)

1. TRICHOMONIASIS

 Also known as “trich”

 Is a very common STD caused by infection with the Trichomonas vaginalis (A protozoan
parasite).

SIGN AND SYMPTOMS OF TRICHOMONIASIS

1. Itching, burning, redness or soreness of the genitals.

2. Discomfort when peeing.
3. A clear, white, yellowish, or greenish vaginal discharge (thin discharge or increased
volume) with a fishy smell.

4. White, grey, yellow or green foul-smelling vaginal discharge.

5. Redness, burning and itching in groin area.
6. Pain during urination.
7. Pain during intercourse.
HOW TO PREVENT TRICHOMONIASIS

 Like any sexually transmitted infection (STI), the best way to prevent trichomoniasis is
to have safe sex. This means always using a condom.

TREATMENT FOR TRICHOMONIASIS

 Trichomoniasis is usually treated quickly and easily with antibiotics. Most people are
prescribed an antibiotic called metronidazole, which is very effective if taken correctly.
You’ll usually have to take metronidazole twice a day, for 5 to 7 days.

An Overview On Chlamydia And Gonorrhea During Pregnancy

Untreated stds such as chlamydia and gonorrhea may also cause Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
(PID) - an infection of a woman’s reproductive system. If not treated in time, PID may cause
complications such as:

Infertility

Ectopic pregnancy (when a pregnancy grows outside a uterus)

Chronic abdominal pain

Effects Of Chlamydia

>preterm delivery/premature delivery

>conjunctivitis (eye disease)

>pneumonia (an infection affecting lungs)

Effects Of Gonorrhea

>Blindness > Blood Infection

>Joint Infection

Can Chlamydia And Gonorrhea During Pregnancy Be Treated?

Early Diagnosis And Treatment Can Help Cure Chlamydia And Gonorrhea. They Can Be Treated
By Pregnancy-safe Antibiotics Prescribed By Your Doctor. In Some Cases, Antibiotics May Be
Advised To Reduce The Risk Of Spreading The Infection To Your Baby.

Getting Screened For Chlamydia And Gonorrhea During Pregnancy Will Ensure The Infection (If
Present) Is Treated Sooner And Will Help Prevent Associated Complications To A Great Extent.

What is congenital syphilis (CS)?

Congenital syphilis (CS) is a disease that occurs when a mother with syphilis passes the
infection on to her baby during pregnancy.

How can CS affect my baby?

CS can have major health impacts on your baby. How CS affects your baby’s health depends on
how long you had syphilis and if — or when — you got treatment for the infection.

CS can cause:

Miscarriage (losing the baby during pregnancy),

Stillbirth (a baby born dead),

Prematurity (a baby born early),

Low birth weight, or

Death shortly after birth.

Babies born to women with untreated syphilis may be stillborn, or die from the
infection as a newborn.

For babies born with CS, CS can cause:

 Deformed bones,
 Severe anemia (low blood count),
 Enlarged liver and spleen,
 Jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes),
  Brain and nerve problems, like blindness or deafness,
 Meningitis, and
 Skin rashes.

Is there treatment for syphilis?

Yes. Syphilis can be treated and cured with antibiotics. If you test positive for syphilis
during pregnancy, be sure to get treatment right away.

My baby was born with CS. Is there a way to treat the infection?

Yes. There is treatment for cs. Babies who have cs need to be treated right away — or they
can develop serious health problems. Depending on the results of your baby’s medical
evaluation, he/she may need antibiotics in a hospital for 10 days. In some cases, only one
injection of antibiotic is needed.

A mother can infect their baby during delivery, sometimes fatally. But if a woman had genital
herpes before getting pregnant, or if they are first infected early in pregnancy, the chance that
their baby will be infected is very low -- less than 1%. Women with genital herpes are examined
carefully for any symptoms before giving birth

The risk of infecting the baby is high (30% to 50%) when a woman is newly infected late in
pregnancy, however. That's because the mother's immune system has not developed protective
antibodies against the virus. Women with an older herpes infection have antibodies against the
virus, which help protect the baby.

Herpes infection in a newborn is also serious. Do not allow anyone with a cold sore on the
mouth to kiss the baby. If you have a cold sore, don't kiss the baby, and wash hands with soap
and water before touching the baby.

Women who don't have genital herpes should be careful about sex during the third trimester.
(month7-9)

What Is Birth-acquired Herpes?

Birth-acquired herpes is a herpes virus infection that an infant gets during delivery or, less
commonly, while still in the womb

Infants who are born with herpes may have a skin infection or a system-wide infection called
systemic herpes

Symptoms Of Birth-acquired Herpes

Usually appear within the first few weeks of the baby’s life and may be present at birth. Birth-
acquired herpes is easiest to identify when it appears as a skin infection. The baby may have
clusters of fluid-filled blisters on their torso or around their eyes.

Complications Associated With Birth-acquired Herpes

 Eye Inflammation
 Blindness
 Seizures And Seizure Disorders
 Respiratory Illnesses
 The Disease Might Also Affect The Baby’s Vital Organs, Including The:
 Lungs, Causing Difficulty Breathing And Interruption In Breathing
 Kidneys
 Liver, Causing Jaundice
 Central Nervous System (CNS), Causing Seizures, Shock, And Hypothermia
BIRTH-ACQUIRED HERPES TREATMENT

Doctor will take samples of the blisters (if they are present) and spinal cord fluid to determine if
herpes is the cause of illness.the herpes virus can be treated, but not cured. This means the
virus will remain in your child’s body throughout their life. However, the symptoms can be
managed.acyclovir (zovrax) is the most commonly used antiviral medication for birth-acquired
herpes. Treatment usually spans a few weeks and may include other medications to control
seizures or treat shock.

Trichomoniasis In Pregnancy

Pregnant people with trichomoniasis are at higher risk of their water breaking — membranes
rupturing — too early. Pregnant people are also at higher risk of delivering their babies
prematurely, or before 37 weeks.

Pregnant People With Trichomoniasis Are At Greater Risk Of:

 Premature Labor And Delivery

 Having A Baby With A Low Birth Weight
 Transmitting Trichomoniasis To A Female Baby During Delivery (Extremely Rare)

How Is Trichomoniasis Treated During Pregnancy?

The treatment for trichomoniasis is a large single dose of antibiotics, typically metronidazole or
tinidazole. Common brand names for these are flagyl or tindamax.

HIV In Pregnancy

HIV can be transmitted to the fetus or the newborn during pregnancy, during labor or delivery,
or by breastfeeding

Infants who are infected with HIV often have no symptoms for the first 2 to 3 months

Once Symptoms Develop, They Can Vary. Early Symptoms May Include:

Yeast (Candida) Infections In The Mouth

 Failure to gain weight and grow

 Swollen lymph glands
 Swollen salivary glands
 Enlarged spleen or liver
 Ear and sinus infections
 Upper respiratory tract infections
 Being slow to walk, crawl, or speak compared to healthy babies
 Diarrhea

HIV/aids is treated with antiretroviral therapy (art). These medicines stop the virus from
multiplying.

TREATING PREGNANT WOMEN

HIV may be found in a woman when she goes into labor, particularly if she has not previously
received prenatal care. If so, she will be treated with antiretroviral drugs right away. Sometimes
these drugs will be given through a vein.

TREATING BABIES AND INFANTS

Infants born to infected mothers start receiving ART within 6 to 12 hours after birth. One or
more antiretroviral drugs should be continued for at least 6 weeks after birth.
Breastfeeding - HIV-positive Women Should Not Breastfeed. This Holds True Even For Women
Who Are Taking HIV Medicines. Doing So May Pass HIV To The Baby Through Breast Milk.

Do STI Home Remedies Work?

Natural medicine can be an effective treatment for some sexually transmitted infections and
can help to reduce the symptoms experienced by the individual. In some cases, natural
remedies can provide safe and effective treatment. In others, medical treatments, such as
antibiotics, may be necessary, although we would always recommend using complementary
medicine alongside any conventional treatment to ensure the best results. Nutrients such as
vitamins A, C, E, zinc, and probiotics are important for proper immune functioning. Vitamin A is
necessary for the normal growth and integrity of epithelial tissues, such as the vaginal mucosa.
Vitamin A also provides resistance to infection. A deficiency of vitamin A can increase
susceptibility to genital tract infections, including syphilis2. Vitamin C improves connective tissue
integrity and can help reduce the spread of infection. It is useful in diminishing the frequency
and severity of outbreaks of herpes. Vitamin E increases the immune response and is useful in
treating infections. It can be taken orally or applied topically to inflamed areas. Low Levels Of
Zinc Are Associated With Lowered Immunity. Zinc Is Also Essential For The Proper Utilization Of
Vitamin A. Treatment With Topical And Oral Zinc Can Help Reduce Symptoms Of Herpes. High
Levels Of Zinc Can Also Benefit Symptoms Of Chlamydia And Trichomoniasis That Haven’t
Responded To Antibiotic Therapy.

Medicinal Plants

Medical plants have a long history of being used for treating infectious diseases due to their
antiviral and antibacterial activity. Some have general immune system boosting effects, and
some have specific effects on bacteria and viruses.

1.Ginger- has exhibited the ability to inhibit growth and even kill oral pathogens. In one study
that investigated the effects of ginger and antibiotics on the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus
and S. Pyreus infections, ginger extract emerged as being potentially superior. Garlic is a
natural, highly effective antibiotic for the treatment of various infections and its antibacterial
properties are microbicidal. The extract of this plant eliminates vaginal yeast infections and
reduces pain, such as some for the stds.

2.garlic- has a number of proven health benefits and has been a popular home remedy for
centuries. Because of its antibacterial properties, garlic is used as a common home remedy for
bacterial infections that lead to stds. This immune-boosting herb also has a chemical compound
called allicin which inhibits growth and even kills germs. Also, garlic does have proven
antifungal properties and has been shown to fight the growth of yeast, which may make it
beneficial during antibiotic treatment for chlamydia.

3.aloe vera-with its powerful medicinal properties, aloe vera is considered to be effective
against the remaining wounds caused by syphilis or chlamydia. Regarding the usage of aloe
vera, you put a layer of aloe vera on the affected area and wait until it gets dry before wearing
the clothes. It is suggested to do this twice a day until the scab covers the injury.

4.apple cider vinegar may treat genital warts at home. It’s similar to prescription medications
that use acidic ingredients to kill off the virus. You can soak a Q-tip, cotton ball, or gauze in
apple cider vinegar and apply it to warts. Genital warts are a sexually transmitted infection (sti)
caused by certain low-risk strains of the human papillomavirus (hpv). These are different from
the high-risk strains that can lead to cervical dysplasia and cancer.

5.rosemary, rosemary is an anti-inflammatory and antibacterial plant, and therefore is used to

treat various types of infections. The easiest way to exploit rosemary properties is to use the
tea or oily extract of the plant

6.Goldenseal (hydrastis canadensis) and Oregon grape (berberis vulgaris) contain the
chemical compound berberine, which has A significant effect against many bacteria, including
the microorganisms that cause gonorrhea, chlamydia, and trichomoniasis. Berberine enhances
immune function when taken internally and can provide symptomatic relief when used in
douching solutions because it is soothing to inflamed mucous membranes.