Module 10 Various Art Movements

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Futurism
Futurism (Italian: Futurismo, pronounced [futuˈrizmo]) was an artistic and social
movement that originated in Italy, and to a lesser extent in other countries, in the early
20th century. It emphasized dynamism, speed, technology, youth, violence, and objects
such as the car, the airplane, and the industrial city.
Futurism was an artistic and social movement that originated in Italy, and to a lesser
extent in other countries, in the early 20 th century. It emphasized dynamism, speed,
technology, youth, violence, and objects such as the car, the airplane, and the industrial
city.
The Futurists practiced in every medium of art, including painting, sculpture, ceramics,
graphic design, industrial design, interior design, urban design, theatre, film, fashion,
textiles, literature, music, architecture, and even cooking.

Abstractionism
Abstractionism is a style of painting, and of art in general, that rejects the realistic
portrayal of the world around us. Its followers depict both simple and complex forms,
play with light, and use lines, planes and other objects, combining them in such a way
as to create certain emotions in the viewer.
These things are what differentiate them from the techniques used by those masters
who adhere to classicism and many other styles.
When you first look at a work painted by an abstractionist, you might get the impression
that it depicts a chaotic accumulation of lines, shapes and patches of color. On closer
inspection, it becomes clear that the artist created a standalone composition designed
to elicit particular thoughts, or a particular mood, in the viewer.
Abstractionism appeared as a field of painting in 1910, when the Russian artist and
theoretician of painting, Vasily Kandinsky, painted his first abstract watercolor. Once
Kandinsky had created Abstractionism, it quickly began to grow.

Dadaism
Dada or Dadaism was an art movement of the European avant-garde in the early 20 th
century, with early centres in Zürich, Switzerland, at the Cabaret Voltaire. New York
Dada began c. 1915, and after 1920 Dada flourished in Paris. Dadaist activities lasted
until the mid 1920s
Originally a colloquial French term for a hobby horse, Dada, as a word, is nonsense.
As a movement, however, Dadaism proved to be one of the revolutionary art
movements in the early twentieth century, born as a response to the modern age.
Marcel Duchamp’s Fountain (1917)
In 1917, Marcel Duchamp submitted a urinal to the Society of Independent
Artists. The Society refused Fountain because they believed it could not be
considered a work of art. Duchamp’s Fountain raised countless important
questions about what makes art art and is considered a major landmark in 20th-
century art.

Surrealism
Surrealism originated in the late 1910s and early ‘20s as a literary movement that
experimented with a new mode of expression called automatic writing, or automatism,
which sought to release the unbridled imagination of the subconscious.
Surrealism defies logic. Dreams and the workings of the subconscious mind inspire
surrealistic art (French for “super-realism”) filled with strange images and bizarre
juxtapositions.
Creative thinkers have always toyed with reality, but in the early 20 th century Surrealism
emerged as a philosophic and cultural movement. Fueled by the teachings of Freud and
the rebellious work of Dada artists and poets, surrealists like Salvador Dalí, René
Magritte, and Max Ernst promoted free association and dream imagery.
Visual artists, poets, playwrights, composers, and film-makers looked for ways to
liberate the psyche and tap hidden reservoirs of creativity.
Surrealism, movement in visual art and literature, flourishing in Europe between World
Wars I and II. Surrealism grew principally out of the earlier Dada movement, which
before World War I produced works of anti-art that deliberately defied reason; but
Surrealism’s emphasis was not on negation but on positive expression.
The movement represented a reaction against what its members saw as the destruction
wrought by the “rationalism” that had guided European culture and politics in the past
and that had culminated in the horrors of World War I.
Drawing heavily on theories adapted from Sigmund Freud, Breton saw the unconscious
as the wellspring of the imagination. He defined genius in terms of accessibility to this
normally untapped realm, which, he believed, could be attained by poets and painters
alike.
Constructivism
In Constructivism, the role of the artist was re-imagined – the artist became an engineer
wielding tools, instead of a painter holding a brush. For the Constructivists, artworks
were part of a greater visual program meant to awaken the masses and lead them
towards awareness of class divisions, social inequalities, and revolution.
The Constructivists believed that art had no place in the hermetic space of the artist’s
studio. Rather, they thought that art should reflect the industrial world and that it should
be used as a tool in the Communist revolution.
Constructivist art focused on industrial production. Constructivists used stripped down,
geometric forms and modest materials. Their visual language existed of forms that they
could draw with practical instruments like compasses and rulers. Materials like wood,
glass and metal were analysed and judged on the basis of how suitable they were for
use in mass-produced objects and images.
De Still
De Stijl, Dutch for “The Style”, also known as Neoplasticism, was a Dutch art movement
founded in 1917 in Leiden. De Stijl consisted of artists and architects. In a more narrow
sense, the term De Stijl is used to refer to a body of work from 1917 to 1931 founded in
the Netherlands.
1917, two pioneering Dutch abstract artists, Piet Mondrian and Theo van Doesburg,
founded De Stijl. Originally a publication, De Stijl, which means Style in Dutch, was a
magazine in which the artists promoted their ideas on art and abstraction. De Stijl soon
became a full-fledged movement which advocated a visual language consisting of
precise geometric forms (primarily straight lines, squares and rectangles) and primary
colours.

Optical Art
Op art, short for optical art, is a style of visual art that uses optical illusions. Op artworks
are abstract, with many better-known pieces created in black and white. Typically, they
give the viewer the impression of movement, hidden images, flashing and vibrating
patterns, or swelling or warping.
Op Art is an abbreviation of optical art, a form of geometric abstract art, that explores
optical sensations through the use of visual effects such as recurring simple forms and
rhythmic patterns, vibrating colour-combinations, moiré patterns and foreground-
background confusion. Formally, all Op Art paintings and works employ tricks of visual
perception like manipulating rules of perspective to give the illusion of three-dimensional
space, mixing colours to create the impression of light and shadow.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futurism
https://www.oldholland.com/academy/abstractionism/#:~:text=Abstractionism%20is
%20a%20style%20of,certain%20emotions%20in%20the%20viewer.
https://magazine.artland.com/what-is-dadaism/#marcel
https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/surr/hd_surr.htm#:~:text=Surrealism%20originated
%20in%20the%20late,unbridled%20imagination%20of%20the%20subconscious.
https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-surrealism-183312
https://magazine.artland.com/art-movement-constructivism/
https://magazine.artland.com/art-movement-de-stijl/
https://magazine.artland.com/art-movement-op-art/

1. What Image's are Mostly Found in Cave Painting?

Answer: Large Wild Animals, Bison, Horses Aurochs and deer

2.Best Example Of Egyptian Sculpture?

Answer: The Pair Statue of King Menkaura and Queen.

3. What was Greek art Inspire?

Answer: The Philosophy of the Time.

4. What was Roman Art Based On?

Answer: Greece, Egypt, and the Etruscans

5. What did Renaissance art Focus on?

Answer: Human Beauty and Nature

6. What was the Main Focus of Mannerisms?

Answer: Self-conscious Artifice Over Realistic Depiction

7. What Are Three Main Themes of Neoclassicism?

Answer: Restraint, Self-control and Common Sense.

1. Art that covers a wide spectrum including tattoos, body piercings, scarification
and body painting.

Ans. Body Art

2. The purpose is less to test what the artist can survive than to explore such issues such as human
tenacity, determination, and patience.

Ans. Endurance

3. It is the most famous land artwork, an earthwork that built out into the Great Salt lake in the
USA.

ANS. Robert Smithson’s Spiral Jetty of 1970 / Robert Smithson’s Spiral Jetty

4. Whos work often encouraged feelings of entrapment, fear, dread, anxiety and disorientation?

ANS. Bruce Nauman’s Installation/ Bruce Nauman / Nauman’s Installation

5. An extension of the post-minimalist concern with the site and expansion beyond the traditional
art object.

ANS. Installation Art

 6. How many Principle are there in Photo-realism according to Meisel?

ANS. FIVE/5

7. Art that is intended to convey an idea or concept to the perceiver and need not involve the
creation or appreciation of a traditional art object such as a painting or sculpture.

ANS. Conceptual Art

8. Give atleast 2 Characteristics of Pop Arts.

ANS. Recognizable imagery , Bright Colors, Irony and Satire, Innovative Techniques, Mixed media and
Collage.

Dadaism proved to be one of the revolutionary art movements in the early twentieth century, born as a
response to the modern age.

All Op Art paintings and works employ tricks of visual perception like manipulating rules of perspective
to give the illusion of three-dimensional space, mixing colours to create the impression of light and
shadow

De Stijl, which means Style in Dutch, was a magazine in which the artists promoted their ideas on art and
abstraction.

Constructivists used stripped down, geometric forms and modest materials.

Surrealism’s emphasis was not on negation but on positive expression.

Abstractionism These things are what differentiate them from the techniques used by those masters
who adhere to classicism and many other styles.

Futurism was an artistic and social movement that originated in Italy, and to a lesser extent in other
countries, in the early 20th century.