GRE Describing specific materials 1 In pats, discuss tre benefits and problems of recycling. Use the following examples and your own ideas. ‘breaking up ships demolishing buildings recycting electronics scrapping cars 2 a Read the following web page and complete the words in the box. ‘Aluminium Copper Glass Plastic Rubber Steet Timber ing headings using the Recyctaste Marerias 1 _Steel___ scrap can be sorted easily using magnetism. Ifthe metal is galvanised | with zn) the nc fully recyclable. tis staness steel, ther metals med wit the ion, Such a8 clvomiam and nickel, car also be recovered and recycled c=» 2 —___ Sorting is critical, as there are key differences between the clear and coloured ‘Material used in bottles and jars, and the high-grade material used in engineering ‘applcations which contains traces of metals, cc» 3 ____Scareity makes recycing especialy destable, and justifies the cost of removing insulation from oloctic wires, which are a major source of sora. Pure metal can aso be recovered from alloys derived from it, notably brass (which also contains quantities of zinc, ‘and often Ina) and beenze (which contains te) wa 4 The cost of mating down existing metals signicanty cheaper than the energy ntensve process of electrolysis, which is required to extract new metal rom ow. EES Hardwood and softwood can be reused, However, the frequent need to ‘erreve ronmongery and saw or plane off damaged edges, can make the process cosy. ESE 6 ____ Tyres are the primary source of recyclable material. These can be reused whole in certain applications. They can also be ground into crumbs which have vated Uses, 7 An obstacle to recycing i the need to sor waste caretuly. While some types ean be melted down fr reuse, many cannot, or result low-grade materi 14 Unit 2 Materials technology1 stains steel) aa metal used to make bas, and in galvanised coatings o tel 2 ine Lb tpn neta et > ion 21 Listen to an extract from the talk and compare your ideas with what Irina says. What example does she use to illustrate her main point? 22 Irina asks the engineers to do a simplified environmental audit. Their task is to compare steel and aluminium car bodywork from an ecological perspective. Listen to Sophia and Pete, two of the engineers, discussing the topic and make notes of their ideas. In pairs, do an environmental audit for the following applications and materials. Use the words and phrases in the box. Application Materials, 1 electrical wires in vehicles copper and aluminium 2. external walls in houses bricks and softwood {es faras know 76 zay 20 Ym (not) cure ration that needs to be researched recovered recycledGE Categorising materials 4 What do you know about braking systems? In pairs, discuss the following. questions, 1. Generally speaking, what do brakes do and how do they work? 2 What kinds of material are used in brake pads and brake discs in different vehicles? 5 a Read the article on braking systems. In the title of the article, what do the colours green and red refer to? b In pairs, answer the following questions. 1 Why do most braking systems waste energy? 2 What are regenerative braking systems, and how do they save eneray? 3 What characteristics are required of materials used for the brakes on racing cars? 4 What is meant by heat soak, and why is ita problem in racing cars? GREEN BRAKES - ARED HOT TOPIC IN MOTOR RACING ‘As motor racing goes green, materials, and discs made of Formula 1 is aiming to lead ferrous metal. The resulting ‘automotive research in finding friction generates heat, which hhitech efficiency gains. One is wasted. In performance cars. Of the Keys to this ecological this phenomenon is taken rive is regenerative braking to extremes, and due to the [also known as kinetic energy high temperatures generated, recovery], which recovers brake discs are often made out energy. generated during of ceramics. The potential for recovering energy also extenas to tne heat generated by engines deceleration, and stores it as a ‘and exhaust systems, This, ‘The carbon dises and pads used ‘on Formula | cars generate af@a has also been discussed So much heat that they glow 5 a possible area for future Regenerative brakes limit red hot. High temperatures €xPloitation in motor racing. the energy loss inherent in are, in fact, necessary for the Heat recovery might offer the traditional braking systems. In effective operation of carbon Added benefit of reducing most. vehicles, conventional brakes. But theres stil plenty Neat soak (thermal absorption brakes comprise pads of potential for recovering the Py the chassis) as delicate previously made from asbestos- kinetic energy, rather than alley parts and sensitive non- based composites, but now merely dissipating it in the metallic materials, such as consisting of compounds* form of heat. Polymers, are susceptible to of exotic, norhazardous heat damage source of power for subsequent acceleration. C Match the materials from the text (1~7) to the descriptions (2-2). 1 compounds. a materials that ae not metal 2 etic \e iron and steel 3. fenous —\e-_ combinations of materials 4 ceramics distur of metals 5 alloy © plastic mates 6 non-metal minerals tansfomed by heat 7 polymers grave or complex 16 Unit 2 Materials technologyd in pairs, take turns to describe an object using the words from Exercise Sc and the phrases in the box. Ask your partner to guess what itis, comprice coneic af made fom made of made nut of @ You are going to give a talk on composites technology at a construction materials trade fair. In part of the talk, you focus on reinforced concrete as a well-known example of a composite material. Prepare your talk using words and phrases from this section and the following notes. ____ Composite materials aa Common example: reinforced concrete. (very mdely used composite) Cement (derived from lime) ‘ Aart Bare oD ~ ons nt lo bed Wter + chemical additives (6g. plastics to improve workabiiy) & Reinforcement (steel bars fixed together with tel te wie) 'b_insmall groups, take turns to give your talk. © Margit, a sales engineer, is describing a 4 high-voltage cable. Before you listen, label the cross-section with the parts (a-e). 3 insulation waterproof membrane outer jacket d_ armoured protection 2 conductor d_ p23 Listen to the description and ‘check your answers in Exercise 6c. @ Match the parts of the cable (a-e) in Exercise 6c to the following categories of ‘materials (1-5). You will need to use some parts more than once. 1 non-metallic a _________ 4 non-ferrous metal ___ 2 metallic sae, 5 polymer-based —__ 3 ferrous metal as Imagine you are presenting a product or appliance you know well to a Potential client. Describe the categories of material used to make the different parts. Unit 2 Materia tecnology ARNT