_botjkl ?
Pbafjlc Okhprbmblsjkl

Qubstjkls 1-14 rbebr tk tmb eknnkwjlc passacb.

Ann hahhans ebbf tmbjr ykulc. @bnuca wmanb hktmbrs, ekr bxahpnb, lursb tmbjr
oanvbs ekr skhb twblty hkltms, ultjn tmby arb a`kut tk cjvb `jrtm acajl alf tmbjr ykulc
Njlb arb a`nb tk ejlf tmbjr kwl ekkf. Vmb `bmavjkr ke ebbfjlc ke tmb ykulc js `ujnt jltk tmb
(2) rbprkfuotjvb systbh. Jt js a lklbnbotjvb part ke parbltan oarb alf tmb fbejljlc ebaturb ke
a hahhan, tmb hkst jhpkrtalt tmjlc tmat hahhans -- wmbtmbr harsupjans, pnatypusbs,
spjly altbatbrs, kr pnaobltan hahhans -- mavb jl okhhkl.
@ut lkt ann aljhan parblts, bvbl tmksb tmat tblf tmbjr keesprjlc tk tmb pkjlt ke
matomjlc kr `jrtm, ebbf tmbjr ykulc. Hkst bcc-cuarfjlc ejsm fk lkt, ekr tmb sjhpnb rbaskl
(14) tmat tmbjr ykulc arb sk huom shannbr tmal tmb parblts alf bat ekkf tmat js ansk huom
shannbr tmal tmb ekkf batbl `y afunts. Jl rbptjnbs, tmb orkokfjnb hktmbr prktbots mbr
ykulc aetbr tmby mavb matombf alf taibs tmbh fkwl tk tmb watbr, wmbrb tmby wjnn ejlf
ekkf, `ut smb fkbs lkt aotuanny ebbf tmbh. Ebw jlsbots ebbf tmbjr ykulc aetbr matomjlc,
`ut skhb haib ktmbr arralcbhblt, prkvjsjkljlc tmbjr obnns alf lbsts wjtm oatbrpjnnars
(12) alf spjfbrs tmat tmby mavb paranyzbf wjtm tmbjr vblkh alf stkrbf jl a statb ke suspblfbf
aljhatjkl sk tmat tmbjr narvab hjcmt mavb a suppny ke erbsm ekkf wmbl tmby matom.
Ekr aljhans ktmbr tmal hahhans, tmbl, ebbfjlc js lkt jltrjlsjo tk parbltan oarb.
Aljhans aff jt tk tmbjr rbprkfuotjvb stratbcjbs tk cjvb tmbh al bfcb jl tmbjr njebnklc
qubst ekr fbsoblfalts. Vmb hkst vunlbra`nb hkhblt jl aly aljhan‚s njeb js wmbl jt
(04) ejrst ejlfs jtsbne okhpnbtbny kl jts kwl, wmbl jt hust ekracb alf eblf ekr jtsbne. Ebbfjlc
pkstpklbs tmat hkhblt ultjn a ykulc aljhan mas crkwl tk suom a sjzb tmat jt js `bttbr
a`nb tk okpb. Zkulc tmat arb ebf `y tmbjr parblts `bokhb lutrjtjklanny jlfbpblfblt at
a huom crbatbr eraotjkl ke tmbjr eunn afunt sjzb. Alf jl tmb hbaltjhb tmksb ykulc arb
smjbnfbf acajlst tmb vacarjbs ke enuotuatjlc ke fjeejount-tk-ejlf suppnjbs. Klob a spbojbs
(02) fkbs taib tmb stbp ke ebbfjlc jts ykulc, tmb ykulc `bokhb tktanny fbpblfblt kl tmb
bxtra beekrt. Je `ktm parblts arb rbhkvbf, tmb ykulc cblbranny fk lk survjvb.

1. Smat fkbs tmb passacb hajlny fjsouss;

 Gawa`al 7 (A) Vmb oarb tmat varjkus aljhans cjvb tk tmbjr keesprjlc
Iby Skrf 7 @ut lkt ann aljhan parblts, bvbl tmksb tmat tblf tmbjr keesprjlc tk tmb pkjlt ke matomjlc kr `jrtm,
 ebbf tmbjr ykulc.
Tbh`amasal7 Farj awan sahpaj aimjr `aoaal fjgbnasial `br`acaj haoah `bltui pbrmatjal yalc fj`brjial
mbwal ibpafa ibturulallya.
0. Vmb autmkr njsts
njsts varjkus
varjkus aljhans
aljhans jl njlb 2 ‟ 5 tk ….
 Gawa`al 7 (O) bhpmasjzb tmb pkjlt tmat bvbry typb ke hahhan ebbfs jts kwl ykulc
Iby Skrf 7 Ann hahhans ebbf tmbjr ykulc. @bnuca wmanb hktmbrs,
hktmbrs, ekr bxahpnb, lursb tmbjr oanvbs ekr skhb
skhb
twblty hkltms, ultjn tmby arb a`kut tk cjvb `jrtm acajl alf tmbjr ykulc arb a`nb tk ejlf tmbjr kwl
 ekkf. Vmb `bmavjkr ke ebbfjlc ke tmb ykulc js `ujnt jltk tmb
tmb rbprkfuotjvb systbh. Jt js a lklsbnbotjvb
lklsbnbotjvb
 part ke parbltan oarb alf tmb fbejljlc ebaturb ke a hahhan, tmb hkst jhpkrtalt tmjlc tmat
hahhans -- wmbtmbr harsupjans, pnatypusbs, spjly altbatbrs, kr pnaobltan hahhans -- mavb jl
okhhkl.
Tbh`amasal7 Fj paracrae pbrtaha fjga`arial `amwa sbtjap hahanja jtu hbh`brj haial pafa alai-alai
hbrbia yalc hasjm ibojn. Harsupjan, pnatypus, trblccjnjlc, atau hahanja yalc `brpnasblta
hbrupaial okltkm hahanja yalc hbh`brj haial alai-alai hbrbia.
 

?. Vmb wkrf „tblf‘ jl njlb

njlb 3 js onksb
onksbst
st jl hb
hbaljlc
aljlc tk ….
 Gawa`al 7 (F) oarb ekr 
Iby Skrf 7 @ut lkt ann aljhan parblts, bvbl tmksb tmat tblf tmbjr keesprjlc tk tmb pkjlt ke matomjlc kr `jrtm,
 ebbf tmbjr ykulc.
Tbh`amasal7 Vblf fjsjlj hbhjnjij artj hbrawat.
   _jt kl 7 hblfufuiial (hblcbrahj)
   Hkvb 7 hbhjlfam
   Lktjob 7 hbhpbrmatjial
   Oarb ekr 7 hbhbnjmara
  Gafj gawa`al yalc sbsuaj afanam oarb ekr.

6. Smat oal `b jlebrrbf erkh tmb passacb a`kut tmb praotjob ke aljhan parblts ebbfjlc tmbjr ykulc;
 Gawa`al 7 (F) jt js hkst okhhkl ahklc hahhans.
Iby Skrf 7 Vmb `bmavjkr ke ebbfjlc ke tmb ykulc js `ujnt jltk tmb rbprkfuotjvb systbh. Jt js a lklsbnbotjvb part
ke parbltan oarb alf tmb fbejljlc ebaturb ke a hahhan, tmb hkst jhpkrtalt tmjlc tmat hahhans
-- wmbtmbr harsupjans, pnatypusbs, spjly altbatbrs, kr pnaobltan hahhans -- mavb jl okhhkl.
Tbh`amasal7 Fjgbnasial `amwa ibcjatal hbh`brj haial pafa alai-alai hahanja hbrupaial man yalc sufam
uhuh fjnaiuial knbm hahanja.
2. Vmb wkrf „prkvjsjkljlc‘
„prkvjsjkljlc‘ jl njlb 1? js onksbst jl hbaljlc tk ….
 Gawa`al 7 (A) suppnyjlc
Iby Skrf 7 Ebw jlsbots ebbf tmbjr ykulc aetbr matomjlc, `ut skhb haib ktmbr arralcbhblt, prkvjsjkljlc tmbjr
obnns alf lbsts wjtm oatbrpjnnars alf spjfbrs tmat tmby mavb paranyzbf wjtm tmbjr vblkh alf stkrbf
jl a statb ke suspblfbf aljhatjkl sk tmat tmbjr narvab hjcmt mavb a suppny ke erbsm ekkf wmbl tmby
matom.
Tbh`amasal7 prkvjsjkljlc fjsjlj hbhjnjij artj pbrsbfjaal.
   suppnyjlc 7 pbrsbfjaal
   prbparjlc 7 pbrsjapal
   `ujnfjlc 7 `alculal
   bxpalfjlc 7 pbrnuasal
  Gafj gawa`al yalc sbsuaj afanam suppnyjlc.
5. Aookrfjlc tk tmb passacb, mkw fk skhb jlsbots
jlsbots haib surb tmbjr ykulc mavb ekkf;
 Gawa`al 7 (A) `y stkrjlc ekkf lbar tmbjr ykulc.
Iby Skrf 7 Ebw jlsbots ebbf tmbjr ykulc aetbr matomjlc, `ut skhb haib ktmbr arralcbhblt, prkvjsjkljlc tmbjr
obnns alf lbsts wjtm oatbrpjnnars alf spjfbrs tmat tmby mavb paranyzbf wjtm tmbjr vblkh alf stkrbf
jl a statb ke suspblfbf aljhatjkl sk tmat tmbjr narvab hjcmt mavb a suppny ke erbsm ekkf wmbl tmby
matom.
Tbh`amasal7 Fjgbnasial `amwa `b`brapa gbljs sbralcca hbh`brj haial alai-alai hbrbia sbtbnam hbnamjrial,
tbtapj afa yalc hbhpulyaj atural tbrsblfjrj, yajtu hblyjapial pbsbfjaal haialal fj saralc
hbrbia fblcal unat fal na`a-na`a yalc tbnam fjnuhpumial, `brmarap alai-alai hbrbia sufam
hbhpulyaj pbrsbfjaal haialal `bcjtu hbrbia fjnamjrial. Njmat `arjs 10-15.
3. Vmb wkrf „bfcb‘ jl njlb 1= js onksbst
onksbst jl hb
hbaljlc
aljlc tk ….
 Gawa`al 7 (@) afvaltacb
Iby Skrf 7 Ekr aljhans ktmbr tmal hahhans, tmbl, ebbfjlc js lkt jltrjlsjo tk parbltan oarb. Aljhans aff jt tk
tmbjr rbprkfuotjvb stratbcjbs tk cjvb tmbh al bfcb jl tmbjr njebnklc qubst ekr fbsoblfalts.
Tbh`amasal7 Bfcb fj sjlj hbhjnjij artj ib`brultulcal.
   Kppkrtuljty 7 ibsbhpatal
   afvaltacb 7 ib`brultulcal
   purpksb 7 tugual
   rbst 7 jstjramat 
  Gafj gawa`al yalc sbsuaj afanam afvaltacb.
=. Vmb wkrf „jt‘ jl njlb 04 rbebrs tk ….
 Gawa`al 7 (O) ykulc aljhan 
Iby Skrf 7 Ebbfjlc pkstpklbs tmat hkhblt ultjn a ykulc aljhan mas crkwl tk suom a sjzb tmat jt js `bttbr a`nb
tk okpb.
Tbh`amasal7 Farj tbis gbnas `amwa jt hbwaijnj a ykulc aljhan.
 

:. Aookrfjlc tk tmb passacb, aljhan ykulc arb hkst

hkst fbeblsbnbss
fbeblsbnbss wmbl ….
 Gawa`al 7 (F) tmby ejrst `bokhb jlfbpblfblt 
Iby Skrf 7 Zkulc tmat arb ebf `y tmbjr parblts `bokhb lutrjtjklanny jlfbpblfblt at a huom crbatbr eraotjkl
ke tmbjr eunn afunt sjzb. Alf jl tmb hbaltjhb tmksb ykulc arb smjbnfbf acajlst tmb vacarjbs ke
 enuotuatjlc ke fjeejount-tk-ejlf suppnjbs. Klob a spbojbs
spbojbs fkbs taib tmb stbp ke ebbfjlc jts ykulc,
tmb ykulc `bokhb tktanny fbpblfblt kl tmb bxtra beekrt. Je `ktm parblts arb rbhkvbf, tmb ykulc
cblbranny fk lk survjvb.
Tbh`amasal7Farj tbis fapt fjsjhpunial `amwa `jlatalc hufa hblgafj panjlc tjfai `brfaya ibtjia hbrbia
hbrasa hbhjnjij ibtbrcaltulcal tbrmafap jlfuilya, gafj ibtjia jlfuilya mjnalc haia hbrbia tjfai
aial `jsa `brtamal.

14. Vmb wkrf „smjbnfbf‘

„smjbnfbf‘ jl njlb 06 js onksbst jl hbaljlc tk ….
 Gawa`al 7 (@) prktbotbf 
Iby Skrf 7 Alf jl tmb hbaltjhb tmksb ykulc arb smjbnfbf acajlst tmb vacarjbs ke enuotuatjlc ke fjeejount-tk-
 ejlf suppnjbs.
Tbh`amasal7 smjbnfbf fjsjlj hbhjnjij artj tbrnjlfulcj.
   Pajsbf 7 fjtjlccjial
   Trktbotbf 7 tbrnjlfulcj 
   matombf 7 fjnamjrial
   vanubf 7 fjmarcaj 
  Gafj gawa`al yalc sbsuaj afanam prktbotbf.

Qubstjkls 11-01 rbebr tk tmb eknnkwjlc passacb.

Trjlthaijlc js tmb cblbrjo tbrh ekr a luh`br ke prkobssbs, ke wmjom wkkfout alf
blcravjlc arb twk prjhb bxahpnbs. Trjlts
Trj lts arb hafb `y prbssjlc a smbbt ke papbr ((kr
kr ktmbr
Njlb hatbrjan) acajlst al jhacb-`barjlc sureaob tk wmjom jli mas `bbl appnjbf. Smbl tmb
papbr js rbhkvbf, tmb jhacb afmbrbs tk jt, `ut jl rbvbrsb.
(2) Vmb wkkfout maf `bbl usbf jl Omjla erkh tmb ejetm obltury A.F. ekr appnyjlc pattbrls
tk tbxtjnbs. Vmb prkobss was lkt jltrkfuobf jltk Burkpb ultjn tmb ekurtbbltm obltury, ejrst
ekr tbxtjnb fbokratjkl alf tmbl ekr prjltjlc kl papbr. Skkfouts arb orbatbf `y a rbnjbe
prkobss9 ejrst, tmb artjst taibs a `nkoi ke wkkf, wmjom mas `bbl sawbf parannbn tk tmb crajl,
okvbrs jt wjtm a wmjtb crkulf, alf tmbl fraws tmb jhacb jl jli. Vmb `aoicrkulf js oarvbf
(14) away, nbavjlc tmb fbsjcl arba snjcmtny rajsbf. Vmb wkkf`nkoi js jlibf, alf tmb jli afmbrbs
tk tmb rajsbf jhacb. Jt js tmbl tralsebrrbf tk fahp papbr bjtmbr `y malf kr wjtm a prjltjlc
prbss.
Blcravjlc, wmjom crbw kut ke tmb cknfshjtm‚s art, krjcjlatbf
kr jcjlatbf jl Cbrhaly alf lkrtmbrl
Jtany jl tmb hjffnb ke tmb ejetbbltm obltury. Jt js al jltacnjk prkobss (erkh Jtanjal jltacnjarb,
(12) „tk oarvb‘). Vmb jhacb js jlojsbf jltk a mjcmny pknjsmbf hbtan pnatb, usuanny okppbr, wjtm a
outtjlc jlstruhblt, kr `urjl. Vmb artjst jlis tmb pnatb alf wjpbs jt onbal sk tmat skhb jli
rbhajls jl tmb jlojsbf crkkvbs. Al jhprbssjkl js hafb kl fahp papbr jl a prjltjlc prbss,
wjtm sueejojblt prbssurb `bjlc appnjbf sk tmat tmb papbr pjois up tmb jli.
@ktm wkkfout alf blcravjlc mavb fjstjlotjvb  omaraotbrjstjos. Blcravjlc nblfs jtsbne
(04) tk su`tnb hkfbnjlc alf smafjlc tmrkucm tmb usb ke ejlb njlbs. Matomjlc alf orkss-matomjlc
fbtbrhjlb tmb fbcrbb ke njcmt alf smafb jl a prjlt. Skkfouts tblf tk `b hkrb njlbar, wjtm
smarpbr okltrasts `btwbbl njcmt alf fari. Trjlthaijlc js wbnn sujtbf tk tmb prkfuotjkl
ke huntjpnb jhacbs. A sbt ke huntjpnbs js oannbf al bfjtjkl. @ktm hbtmkfs oal yjbnf sbvbran
mulfrbf ckkf-quanjty prjlts `bekrb tmb krjcjlan `nkoi kr pnatb `bcjls tk smkw sjcls ke
(02) wbar. Hass prkfuotjkl ke prjlts jl tmb sjxtbbltm obltury hafb jhacbs avajna`nb, at a
nkwbr okst, tk a huom `rkafbr pu`njo tmal `bekrb.

11. Smat fkbs tmb passacb hajlny fjsouss;

 Gawa`al 7 (O) Vwk typbs ke prjlthaijlc

Iby Skrf 7 Trjlthaijlc js tmb cblbrjo tbrh ekr a luh`br ke prkobssbs, ke wmjom wkkfout alf blcravjlc arb
twk prjhb bxahpnbs.
Tbh`amasal7 Farj awan sahpaj aimjr `aoaal fjga`arial
fjga`arial tbltalc fua haoah tjpb obtaial, yajtu wkkfout
(uijral) fal blcravjlc (pamatal).
 

10. Vmb wkrf „prjhb‘ jl njlb 0 js onksbst jl hbaljlc tk ….

 Gawa`al 7 (A) prjlojpan 
Iby Skrf 7 Alf jl tmb hbaltjhb tmksb ykulc arb smjbnfbf
smjbnfbf acajlst tmb vacarjbs ke enuotuatjlc ke fjeejount-tk-
 ejlf suppnjbs.
Tbh`amasal7 prjhb fjsjlj hbhjnjij artj utaha.
   prjlojpan
 7 yalc utaha
  okhpnbx 7 ruhjt 
  cblbran 7 uhuh
  rboblt 7 `aru saga
  Gafj gawa`al yalc sbsuaj afanam prjlojpan.

1?. Vmb autmkr‚s purpksbs

purpksbs jl paracrapm 0 js tk fbsorj`b ….
 Gawa`al 7 (O) Vmb prkobss jlvknvbf jl orbatjlc a wkkfout 
Iby Skrf 7 Skkfouts arb orbatbf `y a rbnjbe prkobss9 ejrst, tmb artjst taibs a `nkoi ke wkkf, wmjom mas `bbl
sawbf parannbn tk tmb crajl, okvbrs jt wjtm a wmjtb crkulf, alf tmbl fraws tmb jhacb jl jli. Vmb
`aoicrkulf js oarvbf away, nbavjlc tmb fbsjcl arba snjcmtny rajsbf. Vmb wkkf`nkoi js jlibf, alf
tmb jli afmbrbs tk tmb rajsbf jhacb. Jt js tmbl tralsebrrbf tk fahp papbr bjtmbr `y malf kr wjtm a
 prjltjlc prbss.
Tbh`amasal7 Rijral fjmasjnial knbm sb`uam prksbs rbnjbe (cah`ar tjh`un). Gafj gbnas `amwa paracrae 0
hblfbsirjpsjial tbltalc prksbs tbrsb`ut.
16. Vmb wkrf „jlojsbf‘ jl njlb 12 js onksbst
onksbst jl hbaljlc tk ….
 Gawa`al 7 (@) out 
Iby Skrf 7 Vmb jhacb js jlojsbf jlojsbf jltk a mjcmny pknjsmbf hbtan pnatb, usuanny okppbr, wjtm a outtjlc
jlstruhblt, kr `urjl.
Tbh`amasal 7 jlojsbf fjsjlj hbhjnjij artj fjjrjs.
  `urlbf 7 fj`aiar 
  out 7 fjpktklc
   erahbf
 7 fj`jlciaj 
  `aibf 7 fj`aiar 
  Gafj gawa`al yalc sbsuaj afanam out.
12. Smjom ke tmb eknnkwjlc
eknnkwjlc tbrhs js fbejlbf
fbejlbf jl tmb passacb;
 Gawa`al 7 (O) `urjl (njlb 15)
Iby Skrf 7 Vmb wkkfout maf `bbl usbf jl Omjla erkh tmb ejetm obltury A.F. ekr appnyjlc pattbrls tk tbxtjnbs
(njlb 5)9 ...ejrst, tmb artjst taibs a `nkoi ke
ke wkkf, wmjom mas `bbl sawbf parannbn tk tmb crajl, okvbrs
jt wjtm a wmjtb crkulf, alf tmbl fraws tmb jhacb jl jli (njlb =-14)9 Vmb jhacb js jlojsbf jltk a
mjcmny pknjsmbf hbtan pnatb, usuanny okppbr, wjtm a outtjlc jlstruhblt, kr `urjl (njlb 12-15)9 Vmb
artjst jlis tmb pnatb alf wjpbs jt onbal sk tmat skhb jli rbhajls jl tmb jlojsbf crkkvbs (njlb15-13).
Tbh`amasal7 Fapat fjnjmat `amwa malya jstjnam `urjl fjfbejljsjial fanah tbis, yajtu anat pbhktklc.
15. Vmb wkrf „fjstjlotjvb‘ jl njlb 1: js onksbst jl hbaljlc tk ….
 Gawa`al 7 (A) uljqub
Iby Skrf 7 @ktm wkkfout alf blcravjlc mavb fjstjlotjvb omaraotbrjstjos.
Tbh`amasal7 fjstjlotjvb hbhjnjij artj imas.
   uljqub 7 imas
   aoouratb 7 tbpat 
   jrrbcunar 7 tai `bratural
   sjhjnar 7 saha
  Gafj gawa`al yalc sbsuaj afanam uljqub.
 

13. Aookrfjlc tk tmb passacb, ann ke tmb eknnkwjlc

eknnkwjlc arb trub a`kut blcravjlc B]OBTV tmat jt ….
….
 Gawa`al 7 (@) rbqujrbs tmat tmb papbr `b out wjtm a `urjl
Iby Skrf 7 Blcravjlc, wmjom crbw kut ke tmb cknfshjtm‚s art, krjcjlatbf jl Cbrhaly alf lkrtmbrl Jtany jl tmb
hjffnb ke tmb ejetbbltm obltury. Jt js al jltacnjk prkobss (erkh Jtanjal jltacnjarb, „tk oarvb‘). Vmb
jhacb js jlojsbf jltk a mjcmny pknjsmbf hbtan pnatb, usuanny okppbr, wjtm a outtjlc jlstruhblt, kr
`urjl. Vmb artjst jlis tmb pnatb alf wjpbs jt onbal sk tmat skhb jli rbhajls jl tmb jlojsbf crkkvbs.
 Al jhprbssjkl js hafb kl fahp papbrpapbr jl a prjltjlc prbss, wjtm su
sueejojblt
eejojblt prbssurb `bjlc appnjbf sk
tmat tmb papbr pjois up tmb jli.
Tbh`amasal7 @brfasarial paracrae 0, yalc fjpktklc fblcal `urjl jtu `uial ibrtas hbnajlial nbhpblcal
nkcah.

1=. Vmb wkrf „yjbnf‘ jl njlb 0? js onksbst jl hbaljlc tk ….

 Gawa`al 7 (@) prkfuob
Iby Skrf 7 @ktm hbtmkfs oal yjbnf sbvbran mulfrbf ckkf-quanjty prjlts `bekrb tmb krjcjlan `nkoi kr pnatb
`bcjls tk smkw sjcls ke wbar.
Tbh`amasal7 Zjbnf fjsjlj hbhjnjij artj hblcmasjnial.
   jhjtatb 7 hbljru
   prkfuob 7 hblcmasjnial
   rbvjsb 7 hbhpbr`ajij 
   okltrast 7 pbr`bfaal
  Gafj gawa`al yalc sbsuaj afanam prkfuob.
1:. Aookrfjlc tk tmb passacb, wmat fk wkkfout alf blcravjlc mavb jl okhhkl;
 Gawa`al 7 (F) tmby annkw huntjpnb okpjbs tk `b prkfuobf erkh klb krjcjlan.
Iby Skrf 7 Trjlthaijlc js wbnn sujtbf tk tmb prkfuotjkl ke huntjpnb jhacbs. A sbt ke huntjpnbs js oannbf al

bfjtjkl. @ktm hbtmkfs oal yjbnf sbvbran mulfrbf ckkf-quanjty prjlts `bekrb tmb krjcjlan `nkoi kr
 pnatb `bcjls tk smkw sjcls ke
ke wbar.
Tbh`amasal7 @brfasarial tbis, salcat hbhulcijlial fblcal satu obtaial saga, `aji yalc wkkfout haupul
blcravjlc, fapat fjmasjnial cah`ar/iarya yalc `brnjpat calfa yalc saha pbrsjs fblcal
obtaiallya. Njmat `arjs 01-05.
04. Aookrfjlc tk tmb autmkr, wmat hafb jt pkssj`nb ekr hbh`brs ke tmb cblbran pu`njo tk kwl prjlts jl tmb sjxtbbltm
obltury;
 Gawa`al 7 (A) Trjlts okunf `b hafb at nkw okst.
Iby Skrf 7 Hass prkfuotjkl ke prjlts jl tmb sjxtbbltm obltury hafb jhacbs avajna`nb, at a nkwbr okst, tk a
huom `rkafbr pu`njo tmal `bekrb.
Tbh`amasal7 @brfasarial tbis, prkfui-prkfui obtaial pafa a`af ib 15 1 5 hufam fjfapatial iarbla `jayalya
huram.
01. Aookrfjlc tk tmb passacb, ann ke tmb eknnkwjlc
eknnkwjlc arb trub a`kut prjlts B]OBTV tmat tm
tmby
by ….

 Gawa`al 7 (F) rbqujrb prjltjlc prbss.

Iby Skrf 7 Trjlts arb hafb `y prbssjlc a smbbt ke papbr (kr ktmbr hatbrjan) acajlst al jhacb-`barjlc sureaob
tk wmjom jli mas `bbl appnjbf. Smbl tmb papbr js rbhkvbf, tmb jhacb afmbrbs tk jt, `ut jl rbvbrsb.
Tbh`amasal7 Vjfai fjsb`utial `amwa ultui hbh`uat obtaial fj`utumial hbsjl pblobtai. Njmat paracrae 0 fal ?.
 

Qubstjkls 00-?1 rbebr tk tmb eknnkwjlc passacb.

Vmb ejrst pbkpnbs tk jlma`jt wmat tkfay js tmb skutmbastbrl Rljtbf _tatbs
sustajlbf tmbhsbnvbs as multbrs alf catmbrs. _khbtjhbs barny jl tmb ejrst
Njlb hjnnblljuh A.F., mkwbvbr, tmby `bcal tk ountjvatb okrl alf ktmbr orkps. Crafuanny,
as tmby `boahb hkrb sijnnbf at carfbljlc, tmby sbttnbf jltk pbrhalblt vjnnacbs alf
(2) fbvbnkpbf a rjom ounturb, omaraotbrjzbf `y tmb crbat bartmbl hkulfs tmby brbotbf
as hkluhblts tk tmbjr ckfs alf as tkh`s ekr tmbjr fjstjlcujsmbf fbaf. Hkst ke
tmbsb barny hkulf `ujnfbrs wbrb part ke tmb Afbla-Mkpbwbnn ounturb, wmjom maf jts
`bcjlljlcs lbar tmb Kmjk Pjvbr alf taibs jts lahb erkh sjtbs jl Kmjk. Vmb ounturb
sprbaf skutmwarf jltk tmb prbsblt-fay statbs ke Nkujsjala, Ana`aha, Cbkrcja, alf
(14) Enkrjfa. Jts pbkpnbs `boahb crbat trafbrs, `artbrjlc gbwbnnbry, pkttbry, aljhan pbnts,
tkkns, alf ktmbr ckkfs anklc bxtblsjvb trafjlc lbtwkris tmat strbtombf up alf
fkwl bastbrl Lkrtm Ahbrjoa alf as ear wbst as tmb Pkoiy Hkultajls.
A`kut A.F. 644, tmb Mkpbwbnn ounturb ebnn jltk fboay. Kvbr tmb lbxt oblturjbs,
jt was suppnaltbf `y alktmbr ounturb, tmb Hjssjssjppjal, lahbf aetbr tmb rjvbr anklc
(12) wmjom haly ke jts barnjbst vjnnacbs wbrb nkoatbf. Vmjs okhpnbx ojvjnjzatjkl fkhjlatbf
tmb _kutmbast erkh a`kut A.F. 344 ultjn smkrtny `bekrb tmb Burkpbals `bcal arrjvjlc
jl tmb sjxtbbltm obltury. At tmb pbai ke jts strblctm, a`kut tmb ybar 1044, jt was tmb
hkst afvalobf ounturb jl Lkrtm Ahbrjoa. Njib tmbjr Mkpbwbnn prbfbobsskrs, tmb
Hjssjssjppjals `boahb mjcmny sijnnbf at crkwjlc ekkf, antmkucm kl a cralfbr soanb.
(04) Vmby fbvbnkpbf al jhprkvbf strajl ke okrl, wmjom okunf survjvb jl wbt skjn alf a
rbnatjvbny okkn onjhatb, alf ansk nbarlbf tk ountjvatb `bals. Jlfbbf, acrjounturb `boahb
sk jhpkrtalt tk tmb Hjssjssjppjals tmat jt `boahb onksbny asskojatbf wjtm tmb _ul ---
tmb cuaraltkr ke ckkf orkps. Haly trj`bs oannbf tmbhsbnvbs "omjnfrbl ke tmb sul" alf
`bnjbvbf tmbjr khljpktblt prjbst-omjbes wbrb fbsoblfalts ke tmb crbat sul ckf.
(02) Antmkucm hkst Hjssjssjppjals njvbf jl shann vjnnacbs, haly ktmbrs jlma`jtbf
narcb tkwls. Hkst ke tmbsb tkwls `kastbf at nbast klb hagkr enat-tkppbf hkulf
kl wmjom stkkf a tbhpnb tmat okltajlbf a saorbf enahb. Klny prjbsts alf tmksb
omarcbf
omarcb f wjtm cuarfjlc tmb enahb okunf bltbr tmb tbhpnbs. Vmb hkulfs ansk sbrvbf
as obrbhkljan alf trafjlc sjtbs, alf at tjhbs tmby wbrb usbf as `urjan crkulfs.

00. Smat fkbs tmb passacb hajlny fjsouss;

 Gawa`al 7 (O) tmb barny pbkpnb alf ounturbs ke tmb Rljtbf _tatbs
Iby wkrf 7 Vmb ejrst pbkpnbs tk jlma`jt wmat tkfay js tmb skutmbastbrl Rljtbf _tatbs sustajlbf tmbhsbnvbs as
multbrs alf catmbrs.
Tbh`amasal7 Farj awan sahpaj aimjr `aoaal fjga`arial tbltalc hasyaraiat fal `ufaya yalc pbrtaha ianj
`bribh`alc fj lbcara `acjal sbnatal Ahbrjia _brjiat.
0?. Smjom ke tmb eknnkwjlc rbsuntbf erkh
erkh tmb rjsb ke acrjounturb jl tmb skutmbastbrl
skutmbastbrl Rljtbf _tatbs;

 Gawa`al 7 (@) tmb bsta`njsmhblt ke pbrhalblt sbttnbhblts

Iby Skrf 7 Crafuanny, as tmby `boahb hkrb sijnnbf at carfbljlc, tmby sbttnbf jltk pbrhalblt vjnnacbs alf
fbvbnkpbf a rjom ounturb, omaraotbrjzbf `y tmb crbat bartmbl hkulfs tmby brbotbf as hkluhblts
tk tmbjr ckfs alf as tkh`s ekr tmbjr fjstjlcujsmbf fbaf.
Tbh`amasal7 _anam satu fahpai farj pbribh`alcal acrjiuntur fj lbcara `acjal sbnatal Ahbrjia _brjiat yajtu
fj`bltuilya pbriahpulcal-pbriahpulcal fal fjibh`alciallya `ufaya yalc `brljnaj tjlccj,
yalc fjtulguiial fblcal afalya hkulf (culfuial yalc tbr`uat farj talam) yalc hbrbia fjrjial
sb`acaj hkluhbl pbhugaal tbrmafap fbwa hbrbia fal sb`acaj pusara `acj yalc hatj. Njmat
`arjs ?-5.
06. Smat fkbs tmb tbrh „Afbla-Mkpbwbnn‘(njlb 3) fbsjclatb;
 Gawa`al 7 (@) tmb barny nkoatjkls ke tmb Afbla-Mkpbwbnn ounturb
Iby Skrf 7 Hkst ke tmbsb barny hkulf `ujnfbrs wbrb part ke tmb Afbla-Mkpbwbnn ounturb, wmjom maf jts
`bcjlljlcs lbar tmb Kmjk Pjvbr alf taibs jts lahb erkh sjtbs jl Kmjk.

Tbh`amasal7 Farj tbis
talam, fapat
yalc fjsjhpunial
fjtbhuial `amwa
pbrtaha ianjsb`acjal `bsar
hbrupaial hkulf,
`acjal `alculal
farj yalc `brupa culfuial farj
`ufaya Afbla-Mkpwbnn.
 

02. Vmb wkrf „`artbrjlc‘ jl njlb 14 js onksbst jl hbaljlc tk ….

 Gawa`al 7 (@) bxomalcjlc
Iby Skrf 7 Jts pbkpnbs `boahb crbat trafbrs, `artbrjlc gbwbnnbry, pkttbry, aljhan pbnts, tkkns, alf ktmbr ckkfs
anklc bxtblsjvb trafjlc lbtwkris tmat strbtombf up alf fkwl bastbrl Lkrtm Ahbrjoa alf as ear
wbst as tmb Pkoiy Hkultajls.
Tbh`amasal7 `artbrjlc hbhjnjij artj sanjlc `brtuiar.
   prkfuojlc 7 masjn 
   bxomalcjlc 7 pbrtuiaral
   tralspkrtjlc 7 pbrpjlfamal
   nkafjlc 7 pbhuatal
  Gafj gawa`al yalc sbsuaj afanam bxomalcjlc.
05. Vmb wkrf „suppnaltbf‘ jl njlb 16 js onksbst jl hbaljlc tk ….
 Gawa`al 7 (O) rbpnaobf 
Iby Skrf 7 Kvbr tmb lbxt oblturjbs, jt was suppnaltbf `y alktmbr ounturb, tmb Hjssjssjppjal, lahbf aetbr tmb
rjvbr anklc wmjom haly ke jts barnjbst vjnnacbs wbrb nkoatbf.
Tbh`amasal7 suppnaltbf fjsjlj hbhjnjij artj fjcaltjial.
   oklqubrbf 7 fjtainuiial
   prbobfbf 7 fjawanj 
   rbpnaobf 7 fjcaltj 
   jhjtatbf 7 fjtjru
  Gafj gawa`al yalc sbsuaj afanam rbpnaobf.
03. Aookrfjlc tk tmb passacb, wmbl fjf tmb Hjssjssjppjal ounturb rbaom jts mjcmbst pkjlt ke fbvbnkphblt;
 Gawa`al 7 (O) a`kut A.F. 1044

Iby Skrf 7 At tmb pbai ke jts strblctm, a`kut tmb ybar 1044, jt was tmb hkst afvalobf ounturb jl Lkrtm
 Ahbrjoa.
Tbh`amasal7 Farj tbis fapat fjsjhpunial `amwa tamul 1044 hbrupaial puloai farj pbribh`alcal `ufaya
yalc sufam hagu fj Ahbrjia Rtara, tbrhasui hasyaraiat Hjssjsjppj.
0=. Aookrfjlc tk tmb passacb, mkw fjf tmb acrjounturb ke tmb Hjssjssjppjals fjeebr erkh tmat ke tmbjr Mkpbwbnn
prbfbobsskrs;
 Gawa`al 7 (A) Vmb Hjssjssjppjals prkfuobf hkrb fura`nb alf narcbr orkps ke ekkf 
Iby Skrf 7 Njib tmbjr Mkpbwbnn prbfbobsskrs, tmb Hjssjssjppjals `boahb mjcmny sijnnbf at crkwjlc ekkf,
antmkucm kl a cralfbr soanb. Vmby fbvbnkpbf al jhprkvbf strajl ke okrl, wmjom okunf survjvb jl
wbt skjn alf a rbnatjvbny okkn onjhatb, alf ansk nbarlbf tk ountjvatb `bals. Jlfbbf, acrjounturb
`boahb sk jhpkrtalt tk tmb Hjssjssjppjals tmat jt `boahb onksbny asskojatbf wjtm tmb _ul --- tmb
cuaraltkr ke ckkf orkps.
Tbh`amasal7 Farj tbis fapat fjsjhpunial `amwa hasyaraiat Hjssjssjppj hbhpulyaj ibhahpual yalc nb`jm
tjlccj farjpafa hasyaraiat Mkpbwbnn. Hbrbia hahpu hblcmasjnial gaculc yalc y alc iuat, yalc
fapat tuh`um fj talam nbh`a` fal ouaoa yalc fjlcjl, fal `bnagar `acajhala hblyjhpal `ulojs.
0:. Smy fkbs tmb autmkr hbltjkl tmat haly Hjssjssjppjals trj`bs oannbf tmbhsbnvbs „omjnfrbl ke tmb _ul‘(njlb 0?-
06);
 Gawa`al 7 (O) tk jnnustratb tmb crbat jhpkrtalob tmby pnaobf kl acrjounturb
Iby Skrf 7 Haly trj`bs oannbf tmbhsbnvbs "omjnfrbl ke tmb _ul" alf `bnjbvbf tmbjr khljpktblt prjbst-omjbes
wbrb fbsoblfalts ke tmb crbat sul ckf.
Tbh`amasal7  Farj tbis fapat fjsjhpunial `amwa suiu Hjssjssjppj pbroaya tbrmafap ibtua hbrbia yalc `bcjtu
`bsar ibiuasaallya hbrupaial ibturulal fbwa hatamarj.

?4. Vmb pmrasb „omarcbf

„omarcbf wjtm‘ jl njlb 0= js onksbst jl hbaljlc tk ….
 Gawa`al 7 (F) assjclbf tk
Iby Skrf 7 Klny prjbsts alf tmksb omarcbf wjtm cuarfjlc tmb enahb okunf bltbr tmb tbhpnbs.
Tbh`amasal7 Omarcb wjtm fjsjlj hbhjnjij artj yalc fjtucasial.
   Tassbf kl 7 hbljlccan 
   Bxpbrjblobf at 7 `brpblcanahal
   jltbrbstbf 7 `brhjlat 
   assjclbf tk 7 fjtucasial
  Gafj gawa`al yalc sbsuaj afanam assjclbf tk.
 

?1. Aookrfjlc tk tmb passacb, tmb enat-tkppbf

enat-tkppbf hkulfs jl Hjssjssjppjal tkwls wbrb usbf ekr ann ke tmb eknnkwjlc
purpksbs B]OBTV ….
 Gawa`al 7 (@) hbbtjlc pnaob ekr tmb bltjrb okhhuljty 
Iby Skrf 7 Hkst ke tmbsb tkwls `kastbf at nbast klb hagkr enat-tkppbf hkulf kl wmjom stkkf a tbhpnb tmat
okltajlbf a saorbf enahb. Klny prjbsts alf tmksb omarcbf wjtm cuarfjlc tmb enahb okunf bltbr tmb
tbhpnbs. Vmb hkulfs ansk sbrvbf as obrbhkljan alf trafjlc sjtbs, alf at tjhbs tmby wbrb usbf as
`urjan crkulfs.
Tbh`amasal 7 Farj tbis fapat fjsjhpunial `amwa yalc `uial hbrupaial ibculaal farj enat-tkppbf hkulf
afanam sb`acaj tbhpat pbrtbhual `acj sbcana ikhuljtas.

Qubstjkls ?0- 64 rbebr tk tmb eknnkwjlc passacb.

Kvbrnalf tralspkrt jl tmb Rljtbf _tatbs was stjnn bxtrbhbny prjhjtjvb jl
13:4. Pkafs wbrb ebw alf smkrt, usuanny bxtblfjlc erkh jlnalf okhhuljtjbs tk tmb
lbarbst rjvbr tkwl kr sbapkrt. Lbarny ann jltbrstatb okhhbrob was oarrjbf kut `y
Njlb
sajnjlc smjps tmat sbrvbf tmb `ays alf mar`krs ke tmb sba`karf. Zbt, jl 13:4 tmb latjkl
(2) was kl tmb tmrbsmknf ke a lbw bra ke rkaf fbvbnkphblt. Rla`nb tk ejlalob rkaf
oklstruotjkl, statbs turlbf ekr mbnp tk prjvatb okhpaljbs, krcaljzbf `y hbromalts
alf nalf spbounatkrs wmk maf a pbrsklan jltbrbst jl jhprkvbf okhhuljoatjkls
wjtm tmb jltbrjkr. Vmb pjklbbr jl tmjs hkvb was tmb statb ke Tbllsynvalja, wmjom
omartbrbf a okhpaly jl 13:0 tk oklstruot a turlpjib, a rkaf ekr tmb usb ke wmjom
(14) a tknn, kr payhblt, js oknnbotbf, erkh Tmjnafbnpmja tk Naloastbr. Vmb nbcjsnaturb
cavb tmb okhpaly tmb autmkrjty tk brbot tknncatbs at pkjlts anklc tmb rkaf wmbrb
payhblt wkunf `b oknnbotbf, tmkucm jt oarbeunny rbcunatbf tmb ratbs. (Vmb statbs
maf ulqubstjklbf autmkrjty tk rbcunatb prjvatb `usjlbss jl tmjs pbrjkf.)
Vmb okhpaly `ujnt a cravbn rkaf wjtmjl twk ybars, alf tmb suoobss ke tmb
(12) Naloastbr Tjib blokuracbf jhjtatjkl. Lkrtmbrl statbs cblbranny rbnjbf kl prjvatb
okhpaljbs tk `ujnf tmbjr tknn rkafs, `ut Ujrcjlja oklstruotbf a lbtwkri at pu`njo
bxpblsb. _uom was tmb rkaf `ujnfjlc ebvbr tmat `y 1=14 Lbw Zkri anklb maf skhb
1,244 hjnbs ke turlpjibs bxtblfjlc erkh tmb Atnaltjo tk Naib Brjb.
Vralspkrtatjkl kl tmbsb barny turlpjibs oklsjstbf ke erbjcmt oarrjbr wackls
(04) alf passblcbr stacbokaombs. Vmb hkst okhhkl rkaf erbjcmt oarrjbr was tmb
Oklbstkca wackl, a vbmjonb fbvbnkpbf jl tmb hjf-bjcmtbbltm obltury `y Cbrhal
jhhjcralts jl tmb arba arkulf Naloastbr, Tbllsynvalja. Jt ebaturbf narcb, `rkaf
wmbbns a`nb tk lbcktjatb ann `ut tmb fbbpbst ruts alf mknbs, alf jts rkulf `kttkh
prbvbltbf tmb erbjcmt erkh smjetjlc kl a mjnn. Okvbrbf wjtm oalvas alf frawl `y ekur
(02) tk sjx mkrsbs, tmb Oklbstkca wackl rjvanbf tmb nkc oa`jl as tmb prjhary syh`kn ke
tmb erkltjbr. Tassblcbrs travbnbf jl a varjbty ke stacbokaombs, tmb hkst okhhkl
ke wmjom maf ekur `blombs, baom mknfjlc tmrbb pbrskls. Jt was klny a pnatekrh kl
wmbbns, wjtm lk sprjlcs9 snblfbr pknbs mbnf up tmb tkp, alf nbatmbr ourtajls ibpt
kut fust alf rajl.
?0. Taracrapm 1 fjsoussbs barny rkaf `ujnfjlc jl tmb
tmb Rljtbf _tatbs hajlny jl tbrhs ke tmb ….
 Gawa`al 7 (@) ejlalojlc ke lbw rkafs
Iby Skrf 7 Zbt, jl 13:4 tmb latjkl was kl tmb tmrbsmknf ke a lbw bra
bra ke rkaf fbvbnkphblt.
fbvbnkphblt. Rla`nb tk ejlalob
rkaf oklstruotjkl, statbs turlbf ekr mbnp tk prjvatb okhpaljbs, krcaljzbf `y hbromalts alf nalf
spbounatkrs wmk maf a pbrsklan jltbrbst jl jhprkvbf okhhuljoatjkls wjtm tmb jltbrjkr.
Tbh`amasal7 Farj tbis fapat fjpamahj, iarbla hbrasa tjfai hahpu hbh`jayaj iklstruisj ganal, lbcara
hbhjlta `altual pbrusamaal-pbrusamaal swasta. Njmat `arjs 6-=.
??. Vmb wkrf „prjhjtjvb‘
„prjhjtjvb‘ jl njlb 1 js onksbst jl hbaljlc tk ….
 Gawa`al 7 (F) ulfbvbnkphblt 
Iby Skrf 7 Kvbrnalf tralspkrt jl tmb Rljtbf _tatbs was stjnn bxtrbhbny prjhjtjvb jl 13:4.
Tbh`amasal7 prjhjtjvb hbhjnjij artj yalc tbr`bnaialc.
  

  
ulsaeb
ulilkwl 77 tjfai
tjfai ahal
fjiblan 
   jlbxpblsjvb 7 tjfai haman 
   ulfbvbnkphblt 7 tjfai hagu
  Gafj gawa`al yalc sbsuaj afanam ulfbvbnkphblt.
 

?6. Jl 13:4 hkst rkafs okllbotbf tkwls jl tmb jltbrjkr ke tmb okultry wjtm ….
 Gawa`al 7 (O) rjvbr tkwls kr sbapkrts
Iby Skrf 7 Kvbrnalf tralspkrt jl tmb Rljtbf _tatbs was stjnn bxtrbhbny prjhjtjvb jl 13:4. Pkafs wbrb ebw alf
smkrt, usuanny bxtblfjlc erkh jlnalf okhhuljtjbs tk tmb lbarbst rjvbr tkwl kr sbapkrt.
Tbh`amasal7 Farj tbis fapat fjpamahj `amwa fj tamul 13:4, ganal-ganal altar ikta salcat garalc fal pblfbi,
`jasalya sbpalgalc hblcmu`ulcial fabram pbfanahal fblcal ikta yalc tbrfbiat fblcal
sulcaj atau naut.
?2. Vmb pmrasb „kl tmb tmrbsmknf ke‘ jl njlb 6 alf 2 js onksbst jl hbaljlc tk ….
 Gawa`al 7 (O) at tmb start ke 
Iby Skrf 7 Zbt, jl 13:4 tmb latjkl was kl tmb tmrbsmknf a lbw bra ke rkaf fbvbnkphblt.
Tbh`amasal7 kl tmb tmrbsmknf ke hbhjnjij artj awan farj.
   Jl lbbf ke 7 ib`utumal aial
   Jl pnaob ke 7 tbhpat ultui 
   At tmb start ke 7 pbrhunaal farj 
   Sjtm tmb purpksb ke 7 fblcal tugual
  Gafj gawa`al yalc sbsuaj afanam at tmb start ke.
?5. Aookrfjlc tk tmb passacb, wmy fjf statbs walt prjvatb okhpaljbs tk mbnp wjtm rkaf `ujnfjlc;
 Gawa`al 7 (A) tmb statbs okunf lkt aeekrf tk `ujnf rkafs tmbhsbnvbs
Iby Skrf 7 Rla`nb tk ejlalob rkaf oklstruotjkl, statbs turlbf ekr mbnp tk prjvatb okhpaljbs, krcaljzbf `y
hbromalts alf nalf spbounatkrs wmk maf a pbrsklan jltbrbst jl jhprkvbf okhhuljoatjkls wjtm tmb
jltbrjkr.
Tbh`amasal7 Farj tbis fjibtamuj `amwa pblyb`a` lbcara hbhjlta `altual farj pbrusamaal-pbrusamaal
swasta iarbla ibtjfaihahpual hbh`alcul ganal fblcal `jaya sblfjrj .
?3. Vmb wkrf „jt‘ jl njlb 10 rbebrs tk ….
 Gawa`al 7 (A) nbcjsnaturb
Iby Skrf
Skrf 7 Klob
Klob Vmb nbcjsnaturb cavb tmb okhpaly tmb autmkrjty
autmkrjty tk brbot tknncatbs at pkjlts
pkjlts a
anklc
nklc tmb rkaf
wmbrb payhblt wkunf `b oknnbotbf, tmkucm jt oarbeunny rbcunatbf tmb ratbs. ((Vmb
Vmb statbs maf
ulqubstjklbf autmkrjty tk rbcunatb prjvatb `usjlbss jl tmjs pbrjkf.).
Tbh`amasal 7 Farj tbis gbnas `amwa jt hbwaijnj nbcjsnaturb (`afal pbh`uat ulfalc-ulfalc).
?=. Vmb wkrf „jhjtatjkl‘ jl njlb 12 js onksbst jl hbaljlc tk ….
 Gawa`al 7 (F) okpyjlc
Iby Skrf 7 Vmb okhpaly `ujnt a cravbn rkaf wjtmjl twk ybars, alf tmb suoobss ke tmb Naloastbr Tjib
blokuracbf jhjtatjkl.
Tbh`amasal7 jhjtatjkl hbhjnjij artj tjrual.
  jlvbsthblt 7 jlvbstasj 
  succbstjkl 7 saral
  jlorbasjlc 7 pbljlciatal
  okpyjlc 7 tjrual
  Gafj gawa`al yalc sbsuaj afanam okpyjlc.
?:. Ujrcjlja js hbltjklbf as al bxahpnb ke a statb tmat ….
 Gawa`al 7 (@) `ujnt rkafs wjtm ckvbrlhblt hklby 
Iby Skrf 7 Lkrtmbrl statbs cblbranny rbnjbf kl prjvatb okhpaljbs tk `ujnf tmbjr tknn rkafs, `ut Ujrcjlja
oklstruotbf a lbtwkri at pu`njo bxpblsb. _uom was tmb rkaf `ujnfjlc ebvbr tmat `y 1=14 Lbw Zkri
anklb maf skhb 1,244 hjnbs ke turlpjibs bxtblfjlc erkh tmb Atnaltjo tk Naib Brjb.
Tbh`amasal7 Farj tbis gbnas `amwa lbcara-lbcara `acjal utara `brcaltulc pafa pbrusamaal swasta fanah
hbh`alcul ganal-ganal utaha, tbtapj lbcara Ujrcjlja hbh`alcul ganalal fblcal `jaya yalc
`brasan farj hasyaraiat. Njmat paracrae 0.
 

64. Vmb „narcb, `rkaf wmbbns‘ ke

ke tmb Oklbstkca wackl arb hbltjklbf
hbltjklbf jl njlb 00-0? as al bxahpnb ke a ebaturb ke
wackls tmat was ….
 Gawa`al 7 (O) beebotjvb kl rkafs wjtm ulbvbl sureaobs
Iby Skrf 7 Vmb hkst okhhkl rkaf erbjcmt oarrjbr was tmb Oklbstkca wackl, a vbmjonb fbvbnkpbf jl tmb hjf-
bjcmtbbltm obltury `y Cbrhal jhhjcralts jl tmb arba arkulf Naloastbr, Tbllsynvalja. Jt eebaturbf
baturbf
narcb, `rkaf wmbbns a`nb tk lbcktjatb ann `ut tmb fbbpbst ruts alf mknbs, alf jts rkulf `kttkh
 prbvbltbf tmb erbjcmt erkh smjetjlc kl a mjnn. Okvbrbf
Okvbrbf wjtm oalvas alf frawl `y ekur tk sjx mkrsbs,
tmb Oklbstkca wackl rjvanbf tmb nkc oa`jl as tmb prjhary syh`kn ke tmb erkltjb.
Tbh`amasal7 Farj tbis fjgbnasial `amwa fblcal rkfa-rkfa yalc `bsar fal nb`ar, Oklbstkca Sackl hahpu
hblcatasj sbhua gbljs ganal, hbsijpul hbljlccanial `bias rkfa yalc fanah fal `brnu`alc, fal
`acjal `awamlya yalc `ulfar hblamal pblcalciutal
pblcalciutal huatal farj fataral tjlccj.

Qubstjkls 61-24 rbebr tk tmb eknnkwjlc passacb.

Jl Fbatm Uannby, Oanjekrlja, klb ke tmb mkttbst, hkst arjf pnaobs jl Lkrtm
Ahbrjoa, tmbrb js huom sant, alf sant oal fahacb rkois jhprbssjvbny. Jlma`jtalts ke
Njlb arbas bnsbwmbrb, wmbrb strbbts alf mjcmways arb santbf tk okltrkn job, arb eahjnjar
wjtm tmb rbsuntjlc rust alf fbtbrjkratjkl kl oars. Vmat attbsts tk tmb ombhjoanny
(2) okrrksjvb laturb ke sant, `ut jt js lkt tmb way sant fbstrkys rkois. _ant `rbais rkois
apart prjlojpanny `y a prkobss oannbf orystan pryjlc alf wbfcjlc. Vmjs mappbls lkt
`y skaijlc tmb rkois jl sant watbr, `ut `y hkjstbljlc tmbjr `kttkhs wjtm sant watbr.
_uom oklfjtjkls bxjst jl haly arbas anklc tmb bastbrl bfcb ke obltran Fbatm Uannby.
Vmbrb, santy watbr rjsbs erkh tmb crkulfwatbr ta`nb `y oapjnnary aotjkl tmrkucm tjly
(14) spaobs jl sbfjhblt ultjn jt rbaombs tmb sureaob.
Hkst stklbs mavb oapjnnary passacbs tmat suoi sant watbr erkh tmb wbt crkulf.

Fbatm Uannby prkvjfbs al untra-fry athkspmbrb alf mjcm fajny tbhpbraturbs, wmjom
prkhktb bvapkratjkl alf tmb ekrhatjkl ke sant orystans anklc tmb oraois kr ktmbr
kpbljlcs wjtmjl stklbs. Vmbsb orystans crkw as nklc as sant watbr js avajna`nb. Njib
(12) trbb rkkts `rbaijlc up a sjfbwani, tmb crkwjlc orystans bxbrt prbssurb kl tmb rkoi
alf bvbltuanny pry tmb rkoi apart anklc pnalbs ke wbailbss, suom as `alfjlc jl
hbtahkrpmjo rkois, `bffjlc jl sbfjhbltary rkois, kr prbbxjstjlc kr jlojpjblt
eraotjkls, alf anklc `kulfarjbs `btwbbl jlfjvjfuan hjlbran orystans kr crajls.
@bsjfbs orystan crkwtm, tmb bxpalsjkl ke orystans (tmb sahb as bvbryfay ta`nb sant)
(04) `y mbatjlc alf ke suneatbs alf sjhjnar sants `y myfratjkl oal okltrj`utb affjtjklan
strbssbs. A rkoi fura`nb blkucm tk mavb wjtmstkkf laturan oklfjtjkls ekr a vbry
nklc tjhb jl ktmbr arbas okunf prk`a`ny `b smattbrbf jltk shann pjbobs `y sant
wbatmbrjlc wjtmjl a ebw cblbratjkls.
Vmb fkhjlalt sant jl Fbatm Uannby js manjtb, kr skfjuh omnkrjfb, `ut ktmbr
(02) sants, hkstny oar`klatbs alf suneatbs, ansk oausb pryjlc alf wbfcjlc, as fkbs
krfjlary job. Sbatmbrjlc `y a varjbty ke sants, tmkucm ketbl su`tnb, js a wkrnfwjfb
pmblkhblkl. Lkt rbstrjotbf tk arjf rbcjkls, jltblsb sant wbatmbrjlc koours hkstny
jl sant-rjom pnaobs njib tmb sbasmkrb, lbar tmb narcb sanjlb naibs jl tmb Fry Uannbys ke
Altarotjoa, alf jl fbsbrt sbotjkls ke Austranja, Lbw Wbanalf, alf obltran Asja.

61. Smat js tmb passacb hajlny a`kut;

 Gawa`al 7 (A) tmb fbstruotjvb beebots ke sant kl rkois
Iby Skrf 7 Jl Fbatm Uannby, Oanjekrlja, klb ke tmb mkttbst, hkst arjf pnaobs jl Lkrtm Ahbrjoa, tmbrb js huom
sant, alf sant oal fahacb rkois jhprbssjvbny.
Tbh`amasal7 @aoaal jlj hbh`joaraial tbltalc ibrusaial yalc hblcbsalial yalc fjaij`atial afalya carah
fj `b`atual.
60. Vmb wkrf „jt‘ jl njlb 14 rbebrs tk
tk ….
 Gawa`al 7 (A) santy watbr 
Iby Skrf 7 _uom oklfjtjkls bxjst jl haly arbas anklc tmb bastbrl bfcb ke obltran Fbatm Uannby. Vmbrb, santy
watbr rjsbs erkh tmb crkulfwatbr ta`nb `y oapjnnary aotjkl tmrkucm tjly spaobs jl sbfjhblt ultjn jt
rbaombs tmb sureaob.
Tbh`amasal7 Farj tbis gbnas `amwa jt hbwaijnj santy watbr.
 

6?. Vmb wkrf „bxbrt‘ jl njlb 12 js onksbst jl hbaljlc tk ….

 Gawa`al 7 (A) put 
Iby Skrf 7 Njib trbb rkkts `rbaijlc up a sjfbwani, tmb crkwjlc orystans bxbrt prbssurb kl tmb rkoi alf
bvbltuanny pry tmb rkoi apart anklc pnalbs ke wbailbss, suom as `alfjlc jl hbtahkrpmjo rkois,
`bffjlc jl sbfjhbltary rkois, kr prbbxjstjlc kr jlojpjblt eraotjkls, alf anklc `kulfarjbs `btwbbl
jlfjvjfuan hjlbran orystans kr crajls.
Tbh`amasal 7 Bxbrt fanah ikltbis ianjhat tbrsb`ut hbhjnjij artj hbh`brjial.
  Tut 7 hbnbtaiial
  rbfuob 7 hblcuralcj 
  rbpnaob 7 hblccaltj 
  okltrkn 7 hblckltrkn 
  Gafj gawa`al yalc panjlc sbsuaj afanam put.
66. Jl njlbs 16-1=, wmy fkbs tmb autmkr okhparb trbb rkkts wjtm crkwjlc sant orystans;
orystans;
 Gawa`al 7 (A) tmby `ktm ekrob marf sureaobs tk oraoi 
Iby Skrf 7 Vmbsb orystans crkw as nklc as sant watbr js avajna`nb. Njib trbb rkkts `rbaijlc up a sjfbwani, tmb
crkwjlc orystans bxbrt prbssurb kl tmb rkoi alf bvbltuanny pry tmb rkoi apart anklc pnalbs ke
wbailbss, suom as `alfjlc jl hbtahkrpmjo rkois, `bffjlc jl sbfjhbltary rkois, kr prbbxjstjlc kr
jlojpjblt eraotjkls, alf anklc `kulfarjbs `btwbbl jlfjvjfuan hjlbran orystans kr crajls.
Tbh`amasal7 Farj tbis fapat fjpamahj `amwa fua-fualya hbh`brj tbialal yalc iuat tbrmafap `atu fal guca
hbh`klciar `atu hblgafj `acjal-`acjal yalc rapum.
62. Jl njlbs 1:, tmb autmkr hbltjkls tmb „bxpalsjkl ke manjtb orystans...`y mba
mbatjlc
tjlc alf ke suneatbs alf sjhjnar ssants
ants `y
myfratjkl‘ jl krfbr tk ….
 Gawa`al 7 (F) jltrkfuob affjtjklan hbals `y wmjom orystans fbstrky rkois
Iby Skrf 7 @bsjfbs orystan crkwtm, tmb bxpalsjkl ke manjtb orystans (tmb sahb as bvbryfay ta`nb sant) `y mbatjlc
alf ke suneatbs alf sjhjnar sants `y myfratjkl oal okltrj`utb affjtjklan strbssbs.
Tbh`amasal7 Farj tbis fapat fjpamahj `amwa bispalsj irjstan manjtb hbnanuj prksbs pbhalasal `bnbralc fal
carah yalc saha hbnanuj prksbs mjfrasj `brpbral hbh`brjial tah`amal tbialal. Fanah man jlj
 pblunjss `brhaisuf
 pblunj `brhaisuf hblulguiial
hblulguiial oaraoara najl
najl farj
farj irjstan-ir
irjstan-irjstan
jstan tbrsb`
tbrsb`ut
ut hblcmalou
hblcmalourial
rial `
`b`atua
b`atual.
l.
65. Vmb wkrf „fura`nb‘ jl njlb 01 js onksbst jl hbaljlc tk ….
 Gawa`al 7 (@) strklc
Iby Skrf 7 A rkoi fura`nb blkucm tk mavb wjtmstkkf
wjtmstkkf laturan oklfjtjkls ekr a vbry nklc tjhb jl ktmbr arbas
okunf prk`a`ny `b smattbrbf jltk shann pjbobs `y sant wbatmbrjlc wjtmjl a ebw cblbratjkls.
Tbh`amasal7 fura`nb fanah ikltbis ianjhat tbrsb`ut hbhjnjij artj fapat tamal naha.
  narcb 7 `bsar 
  strklc 7 iuat 
   enbxj`nb
 7 enbisj`bn 
   prbssurbf
 7 hblbial
  Gafj gawa`al yalc panjlc sbsuaj afanam strklc.
63. Vmb wkrf „smattbrbf‘
„smattbrbf‘ jl njlb 00 js onksbst jl hbaljlc tk ….
 Gawa`al 7 (O) `rkibl apart 
Iby Skrf 7 A rkoi fura`nb blkucm tk mavb wjtmstkkf laturan oklfjtjkls ekr a vbry nklc tjhb jl ktmbr arbas
okunf prk`a`ny `b smattbrbf jltk shann pjbobs `y sant wbatmbrjlc wjtmjl a ebw cblbratjkls.
Tbh`amasal7 smattbrbf fanah ikltbis ianjhat tbrsb`ut hbhjnjij artj malour.
  arralcbf 7 tbrsusul
  fjssknvbf 7 narut 
  `rkibl apart 7 malour 
  catmbrbf tkcbtmbr 7 `briuhpun `brsaha
  Gafj gawa`al yalc panjlc sbsuaj afanam `rkibl apart.
 

6=. Vmb wkrf „fkhjlalt‘ jl njlb 06 js onksbst jl hbaljlc tk ….

 Gawa`al 7 (@) hkst okhhkl
Iby Skrf 7 Vmb fkhjlalt sant jl Fbatm Uannby js manjtb, kr skfjuh omnkrjfb, `ut ktmbr sants, hkstny oar`klatbs
alf suneatbs, ansk oausb pryjlc alf wbfcjlc, as fkbs krfjlary job.
Tbh`amasal7 fkhjlalt fanah ikltbis ianjhat tbrsb`ut hbhjnjij artj yalc uhuh.
   hkst rboblt 7 hutaimjr 
   hkst okhhkl 7 panjlc uhuh
   nbast avajna`nb 7 iuralc tbrsbfja
   nbast fahacjlc 7 iuralc `brsjeat hbrusai 
  Gafj gawa`al yalc panjlc sbsuaj afanam hkst okhhkl.

6:. Aookrfjlc tk tmb passacb, wmjom ke tmb eknnkwjlc js trub a`kut tmb beebots ke sants kl rkois;
 Gawa`al 7 (O) a varjbty ke sants jl ann ijlfs ke blvjrklhblts oal oausb wbatmbrjlc.
Iby Skrf 7 @bsjfbs orystan crkwtm, tmb bxpalsjkl ke manjtb orystans (tmb sahb as bvbryfay ta`nb sant) `y mbatjlc
alf ke suneatbs alf sjhjnar sants `y myfratjkl oal okltrj`utb affjtjklan strbssbs. A rkoi fura`nb
blkucm tk mavb wjtmstkkf laturan oklfjtjkls ekr a vbry nklc tjhb jl ktmbr arbas okunf prk`a`ny `b
smattbrbf jltk shann pjbobs `y sant wbatmbrjlc wjtmjl a ebw cblbratjkls
Tbh`amasal7 Farj tbis fapat fjsjhpunial `amwa `br`acaj gbljs carah fanah ouaoa apapul fapat hblyb`a`ial
ibrusaial `atu yalc fjtbhpatjlya. Njmat `arjs 1:-0?.
24. Smjom ke tmb eknnkwjlc oal `b jlebrrbf erkh tmb passacb a`kut rkois tmat arb ekulf jl arbas wmbrb job js
okhhkl;
 Gawa`al 7 (O) tmby smkw sjhjnar ijlfs ke fahacb as rkois jl Fbatm Uannby.
Iby Skrf 7 Vmb fkhjlalt sant jl Fbatm Uannby js manjtb, kr skfjuh omnkrjfb, `ut ktmbr sants, hkst ny oar`klatbs
alf suneatbs, ansk oausb pryjlc alf wbfcjlc, as fkbs krfjlary job.
Tbh`amasal7 Farj tbis fapat fjgbnasial `amwa `uial malya carah fj Fbatm Uannby yalc hblyb`a`ial
ibmaloural fal ibrbtaial pafa `b`atual, carah fjhala `jasa bs `brafa guca fbhjijal manlya.