Activities and Assessments: ASSIGNMENT (SUBMIT your answers at EDMODO

ASSIGNMENT SECTION )

1. Use standard enthalpy and entropy data value from the Table: to calculate the standard free
energy change for the reaction shown here (298 K). What does the computed value for ΔG° say
about the spontaneity of this process?

C2H6(g) ⟶ H2(g) + C2H4(g)

Given:
 T = 298 K
 C2H4(g) = ΔH°f, ΔS°
 C2H6(g) = ΔH°f, ΔS°
 H2(g) = ΔH°f, ΔS°
 ΔG° = ?
ΔH° = ΣnΔH°f products − ΣnΔH°f reactants
ΔH° = [ 1 mol x ΔH°f (H2(g)) + 1 mol x ΔH°f (C2H4(g)) ] – [1 mol x ΔH°f (C2H6(g)) ]
ΔH° = [ 1 mol (0 kJ/mol) + 1 mol (52.30 kJ/mol) ] – [1 mol – (-84.68 kJ/mol) ]
ΔH° = (52.30 kJ/mol) – (-84.68 kJ/mol)

ΔH° = 136.98 kJ/mol

ΔS° = ΣnΔS°products − ΣnΔS°reactants

ΔS° = [ 1 mol x ΔS° (H2(g)) + 1 mol x ΔS°( C2H4(g)) ] – [ 1 mol x ΔS°( C2H6(g)) ]
ΔS° = [ 1 mol (130.58 J/mol K) + 1 mol (219.4 J/mol K) ] – [ 1 mol x (230 J/mol K)]
ΔS° = [ (130.58 J/mol K) + (219.4 J/mol K) ] –(230 J/mol K)
ΔS° = 349.98 J/mol K - 230 J/mol K
ΔS° = 120 J/mol K

ΔG° = ΔH° - T ΔS°

ΔG° = 136.98 kJ/mol – (298 K) (120 J/mol K) ÷ 1000 kJ
ΔG° = 136.98 kJ/mol – 35.76 kJ/mol

ΔG° = 101.22 kJ/mol

this is a non-spontaneous reaction

2. Calculate ΔG° using (a) free energies of formation and (b) enthalpies of formation and
entropies. Do the results indicate the reaction to be spontaneous or nonspontaneous at 25 °C?

C2H4(g) ⟶ H2(g) + C2H2(g)

Given:
 T = 25 °C = 298.15 K

Substance ΔH°f ΔG°f S°
C2H4(g) 52.30 kJ/mol 68.11 kJ/mol 219.4 J/mol
H2(g) 0 kJ/mol 0 kJ/mol 0 J/mol
C2H2(g) 226.77 kJ/mol 209.2 kJ/mol 200.8 J/mol
(a) free energies of formation

ΔG° = ΣnΔG°fproducts – ΣnΔG°reactants

ΔG° = [ 1 mol x ΔG°f (H2(g)) + 1 mol x ΔG°f (C2H2(g)) – (1 mol x ΔG°f (C2H4(g))
ΔG° = [ (0 x 1 mol) + (1 mol x 209.2 kJ/mol) ] – (1 mol x 68.11 kJ/mol)
ΔG° = (209.2 kJ/mol) – (68.11 kJ/mol)

ΔG° = 141.1 kJ/mol

nonspontaneous at 25 °C because ΔG is positive

(b) enthalpies of formation and entropies

ΔH° = ΣnΔH°fproducts – ΣnΔH°freactants

ΔH° = [ 1 mol x ΔH°f (H2(g)) + 1 mol x ΔH°f (C2H2(g)) – (1 mol x ΔH°f (C2H4(g))
ΔH° = [ 1 mol (0 kJ/mol) + 1 mol (226.77 kJ/mol) ] – [1 mol ( 52.30 kJ/mol) ]
ΔH° = (226.77 kJ/mol) - ( 52.30 kJ/mol)
ΔH° = 174.5 kJ/mol

ΔS° = ΣnΔS°products − ΣnΔS°reactants

ΔS° = [ 1 mol x ΔS° (H2(g)) + 1 mol x ΔS°( C2H2(g)) ] – [ 1 mol x ΔS°( C2H4(g)) ]
ΔS° = [ (130.58 J/mol K) + (200.8 J/mol K) ] –(219.4 J/mol K)
ΔS° = (331.4 J/mol K) – (219.4 J/mol K)
ΔS° = 112 J/mol K

ΔG° = ΔH° - T ΔS°

ΔG° = 174.5 kJ/mol – (298 K) (112 J/mol K) ÷ 1000 kJ
ΔG° = 174.5 kJ/mol – 33.40 kJ/mol

ΔG° = 141 kJ/mol

nonspontaneous at 25 °C because ΔG is positive

3. What is the standard free energy change for the reaction below? Is the reaction expected to
be spontaneous under standard conditions?

FeS(s) + O2(g) → Fe(s) + SO2(g)

(redox reaction)

Given:
Substance ΔH°f S°
FeS(s) -100 kJ/mol 60.30 J/mol
O2(g) 0 kJ/mol 205.2 J/mol
Fe(s) 0 kJ/mol 27.30 J/mol
SO2(g) -296.83 kJ/mol 248.11 J/mol

ΔH° = ΣnΔH°fproducts – ΣnΔH°freactants

ΔH° = [ 1 x (0 kJ/mol) + 1 x (226.77 kJ/mol) ] – [1 mol (-100 kJ/mol) + 1 mol (0 kJ/mol) ]
ΔH° = (-296.83 kJ/mol) – (-100 kJ/mol)
ΔH° = -196.83 kJ/mol

ΔS° = ΣnΔS°products − ΣnΔS°reactants

ΔS° = [ (1 x 27.30 J/mol K) + (1 x 248.11 J/mol K) ] – [ (60.30 J/mol K) + (1 x 205.2 J/mol K) ]
ΔS° = (275.41 J/mol K) – (265.5 J/mol K)
ΔS° = 9.91 J/mol K or 10 J/mol K
 ΔG° = ΔH° - T ΔS°
ΔG° = -196.83 kJ/mol – (298.15 K) (10 J/mol K) ÷ 1000 kJ
ΔG° = -196.83 kJ/mol – 2.9815 kJ/mol

ΔG° = -199.81 kJ/mol

The ∆G° is negative, therefore, the reaction is spontaneous.

4. Use the thermodynamic data provided value from the Table: to calculate the equilibrium
constant for the dissociation of dinitrogen tetroxide at 25 °C.

2NO2(g) ⇌ N2O4(g)
Substance ∆𝐆°
2NO2(g) 51.30 kJ/mol
N2O4(g) 97.82 kJ/mol

ΔG° = ΣnΔG°products − ΣnΔG°reactants

ΔG° = [1 mol x ΔG°f (N2O4(g))] – (2 mol x ΔG°f (2NO2(g))
ΔG° = (1 mol x 97.82 kJ/mol) – (2 mol x 51.30 kJ/mol)
ΔG° = -4.78 kJ/mol

[ ]
−ΔG °
K sp =e RT
=exp(−ΔG °
RT )
=exp
−(−4.78)×103 J /mol
8.314 J /mol K ×298.15 K
= exp(1.93)
= 𝑒 1.93
= 6.88
The equilibrium constant for the dissociation of dinitrogen tetroxide at 25 °C is 6.88.

5. Given the following reactions:

(a) Determine the standard free energy of formation, ΔG°f, for phosphoric acid.

- 428.66 kJ/mol
[6 H 2 O(g)+ P4 O10 (s )→ 4 H 3 P O4 (l)] ΔG° =
4
4
ΔG° = -107.165 kJ/mol
3 1
¿ H 2 O( g)+ P O10 (s )→ H 3 P O4 (g)
2 4 4
3 1
¿ H 2 (g)+ P ( s)+ 2O 2 (g)→ H 3 P O4 (g)
2 4 4

ΔG° = -1124.3 kJ/mol

(b) How does your calculated result compare to the constant thermodynamic value from the
table? Explain.

The calculated result agrees with the constant thermodynamic value from the
table because free energy is a state function. Thus, its change depends only on the state
of the system which includes the initial and final states, not the path between them.
6. Hydrogen sulfide is a pollutant found in natural gas. Following its removal, it is converted to
sulfur by the reaction:

What is the equilibrium constant for this reaction? Is the reaction endothermic or exothermic?

-107.3 x 100 J
= -107300 J/mol

−−107300 J /mol
k = 8.314 J
×298.15 K
mol K
k = e43.28
k = 6.30 x 1018

ΔG° = -negative and k greater than 1

3
ΔH°f = 2(H2S9) + 1SO2 S + 2(H2O8)
8 8

ΔH° = ΣΔH°fproduct – ΣΔH°reactant

ΔH° = 2(-285.83) – 2(-20.6) + 1(-296.83 kJ/mol)
ΔH° = (-571.66 kJ/mol) – (338.3 kJ/mol)
ΔH° = -233.63 kJ

Negative enthalpy represents an exothermic reaction. Therefore, the reaction is

exothermic.

7. Determine the standard free energy change, ΔGf°, for the formation of S2− (aq) given that the
ΔGf° for Ag+ (aq) and Ag2S(s) are 77.1 kJ/mole and −39.5 kJ/mole respectively, and the
solubility product for Ag2S(s) is 8 ×× 10−51.

Ag2S(s) 2Ag+(aq) + S2− (aq)

Ag2S = -39.5 kJ/mol 2Ag+(aq) = 2(77.1 kJ/mol)

ΔG° = -RTnk
−8.314 J −51
ΔG° = (298.15 K )(8 x 10 )
mole K
ΔG° = 285938 J
ΔG° = 285.938 kJ/mol

ΔG° = ΣΔG°product – ΣΔG°reactant

285.938 kJ/mol = (154.2 + x) – (-39.5)
285.938 kJ / mol −193.7+ x
=
−193.7 −193.7

ΔG° = 92.2 kJ/mole

ΔG°f of S2− (aq) is 92.2 kJ/mole

8. A reaction has ΔH° = 100 kJ/mol and ΔS°=250 J/mol.K. Is the reaction spontaneous at room
temperature? If not, under what temperature conditions will it become spontaneous?

Given:
ΔH° = 100 kJ/mol
ΔS° = 250 J/mol K

∆G° = ∆H° - T∆S°

∆G° = 100 kJ/mol – (298.15K (250 J/mol K)(1 kJ/1000 J)
∆G° = 100 kJ/mol – 74.5375 kJ/mol

∆G° = 25.46
The ∆G° > 0, therefore, the reaction is nonspontaneous at room temperature.

∆G° = ∆H° - T∆S°

∆G° = 100 kJ/mol – T [(250 J/mol K)(1 kJ/1000 J)]
T = 400K
With this, we can conclude that above 400 K of temperature, ΔG will be negative.
And therefore, the reaction will be considered as spontaneous reaction.