Digital Finance

Minhyuk Lee

Fintech Convergence Major

Pusan National University
Introduction to AI

1. The Concept of AI

• Artificial intelligence is a technology that implements human

intellectual abilities such as learning, problem solving, and
pattern recognition through computers
Introduction to AI

1. The Concept of AI

⚫ Strong AI
• AI that speaks for itself, thinks,
protects itself in times of
danger, evolves to match the
situation, and thinks in the
same way as humans
• ex) Avengers, Ultron
Terminator, Terminator
Transformer, Robot
⚫ Weak AI
• Execute only commands
based on programs planted in
advance by humans
• Develop for a specific purpose
and perform only that purpose
• ex) AlphaGo for game Go
Introduction to AI

1. The Concept of AI

⚫ Strong AI (AGI, Artificial General Intelligence)

• In fact, it is a field where a lot of research is being conducted now,
but technically and theoretically, it is still a distant future.

• I think that we have not even started because there is no

definition of human intelligence yet.
Introduction to AI

1. The Concept of AI

⚫ The Turing Test (Imitation Game by Alan Turing in 1950)

• In 2014, the movie named ‘The Imitation Game’ about Alan
Turing was released.

• A test of a machine's ability to exhibit intelligent behavior

equivalent to, or indistinguishable from, that of a human.

• Humans regard human-like things

as human-like intelligence
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turing_test
Introduction to AI

1. The Concept of AI

⚫ The Chinese Room (by John Searle in 1980)

• A digital computer executing a program cannot be shown to have a
"mind", "understanding" or "consciousness", regardless of how
intelligently or human-like the program may make the computer behave.

• First of all, someone who can only speak English enters the room. In the room,
prepare a handwriting tool and a list of Chinese questions and answers that you
have prepared in advance. Inside this room, a Chinese examiner writes a
question in Chinese and puts it inside, and the person in the room writes the
answer in Chinese according to the prepared response table and gives it to the
outside examiner.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_room
Introduction to AI

2. AI vs ML vs DL

http://harikrishnabhyravi.blogspot.
com/2018/10/aimldl.html
Introduction to AI

2. AI vs ML vs DL

⚫ Machine Learning (ML)

• Way to implement weak artificial intelligence

• Giving data to the computer and finding patterns = Pattern Recognition
• Arthur Samuel popularized the term "machine learning" in 1959
“A field of research that develops algorithms that enable machines to
learn from data and execute actions that are not specified in code.”
• Initially, it was not actively used due to data shortage and processing
speed, but it is a technology that has recently been in the spotlight.
Introduction to AI
2. AI vs ML vs DL
⚫ Key concept of Machine Learning (ML)
⚫ Training Data
• Consisting of both the input
data along with the
corresponding expected output
(Answer sheet)
• Find the pattern(model) with
the answer sheet during
training
⚫ Test Data
• Consisting of actual data, both
the input data along with the
corresponding output
• This data is used to make
prediction based on how well
your model has been trained
and estimated
Introduction to AI

2. AI vs ML vs DL

⚫ Types of Machine Learning

① Supervised Learning
Data set is labeled (Classification, Regression)
② Unsupervised Learning
Data set is unlabeled (Clustering, Association)
③ Semi-supervised Learning
Data set is a combination of labeled and unlabeled data
④ Reinforcement Learning
Automating goal-oriented learning and decision-making (AlphaGo)
Introduction to AI

2. AI vs ML vs DL

⚫ Deep Learning (DL)

• A method using artificial neural networks that mimic the human brain as
a sub-field of machine learning
• Algorithms inspired by the structure and function of the human brain
called artificial neural networks
• Similar to how nervous system structured where each neuron connected
each other and passing information
Introduction to AI

2. AI vs ML vs DL

⚫ Deep Learning (DL)

• Difference between ML and DL is feature extraction

Feature extraction is done by human in machine learning
whereas deep learning model is done by itself

• Deep learning requires much more processing of data than machine

learning. Therefore, it uses the hardware of a graphic processing
unit(GPU) with high simple computing power.
Q&A