Nama : Nurhidayatul Fadila W.

NIM : 21030119120008
Kelas : B
Group : 2

Referensi : Kusumaningtyas, R. D., Akbar, M. H., & Widjanarko, D. (2019).

Reduction of FFA in Kapok Randu (Ceiba pentandra) Seed Oil via
Esterification Reaction Using Sulfuric Acid Catalyst: Experimental
and Kinetics Study. Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan, 8(2), 156–166.
Fogler, H. S. (2016). Elements of Chemical Reaction Engineering 5thed,
Prentice Hall.

Diketahui:
3
−3704,5 m
Ln k = +12,733
T kmol . menit
Perbandingan mol (FFA : metanol) = 1:12
BM FFA = 854,4037 kg /kmol
BM methanol = 32 kg /kmol
BM metil ester = 866,4037 kg /kmol
BM air = 18 kg /kmol
3
Densitas FFA = 941 kg /m
3
Densitas metanol = 792 kg/m
Suhu = 60 ℃ / 333,15 K
Tekanan = 3 atm
Konversi reaktor = 80%
Kapasitas produk (metil ester) = 6000 kg / jam
Reaksi = RCOOH +C H 3 OH → RCOOC H 3 + H 2 O


Ditanyakan : Volume reaktor…?

Jawaban :

 General mole balance equation :

Accumulatio
In - Out + Generation =
n
dNj
F j0 - F j + Gj =
dt
The rate of generation of species j, if all the system variables are spatially uniform :
G j =r j . V
The total of generation if the rate of formation of species j for the reaction varies with
position in the system volume :
M
G j =∑ r ji . ∆ V i
i=1

By taking the appropriate limits (i .e . ,let M → ∞∧∆ V → 0) and making of the definition of
integral :
V
G j =∫ r j . dV
0

General mole balance equation for any chemical species j that is entering, leaving, reacting,
and/or accumulating within any system volume, V :
dNj
F j 0−F j +G j=
dt
V
dNj
F j 0−F j +∫ r j .dV =
0 dt

 Plug Flow Reactor (PFR)

The differential volume ∆ V , will be chosen sufficiently small such that there are no spatial
variations in reaction rate within this volume. Thus the generation term is
∆V
∆ G j= ∫ r j . dV =r j . ∆ V
0

Mole balance on species j in volume ∆ V :

Accumulatio
In - Out + Generation =
n
F j|V - F j|V +∆ V + rj∆V = 0

[ F j|V +∆ V − F j|V
∆V ]
=r j

Taking the limit as ∆ V approaches zero, we obtain the differential form of steady state mole
balance on a PFR
d Fj
=r j
dV
As the reactants proceed down the reactor, A is consumed by chemical reaction and C is
produced. Consequently, the molar flow rate F A decrease, while F C increases as the reactor
volume V increase
 FA
d FA
V =∫
FA
−r A

d FA
dV =
rA

Integrating with limits at V=0, then F A=F A 0 , and at V =V 1, then F A=F A 1

F A1 FA0
d FA d FA
V 1= ∫ =∫
F A0
r A F −r A
A1

V 1 is the volume necessary to reduce the entering molar flow rate F A 0 to some specified
value F A 1 and also the volume necessary to produce a molar flow rate of C of F C 0

 Design Equation for Flow Reactors

The conversion X is a function of reactor volume V. If F A 0 is the molar flow rate of species
A fed to a system operated at steady state, the molar rate which species A is reacting within
the entire system will be F A 0 X .
moles of A fed moles of A reacted
[ F A 0 ] [ X ]= time
.
moles of A fed
moles of A reacted
[ F A0 ] [ X ]= time

[ F A 0 ]−[ F A 0 X ]=[ F A ]
F A=F A 0 (1−X )

The entering molar flow rate of species A, F A 0 (mol /s) is just the product of the entering
mol d m3
concentration, C A 0 ( )
3 , and the entering volumetric flow rate, v 0 ( )
dm s
F A 0=C A 0 v 0

For liquid system, the volumetric flow rate is constant and equal to v 0 and C A 0 is commonly
given in terms of molarity

Tubular Flow Reactor (PFR)

We model the tubular reactor as having the fluid flowing in plug flow (i.e., no radial gradient
in concentration, temperature, or reaction rate). As the reactant enters and flow axially down
the reactor, they are consumed and the conversion increases along the length of the reactor.
−d F A
=−r A
dV
F A=F A 0 −F A 0 X
 d F A =−F A 0 dX

dX
F A0 =−r A
dV
Integrate with the limits V = 0 when X = 0 to obtain the plug flow reactor volume necessary
to achieve a specified conversion X
X
dX
V =F A 0∫
0 −r A

RCOOH +C H 3 OH → RCOOC H 3 + H 2 O

A+ B →C + D
Reaktan Pembatas [A]
Produk [C]
kg
6000
jam kmol
F C= =6,925
kg jam
866,4037
kmol
F C =F A 0 X

kmol
6,925
F jam kmol
F A 0= C = =8,65
X 0,8 jam

1. Plug Flow mole balance

We model the tubular reactor as having the fluid flowing in plug flow (i.e., no radial
gradient in concentration, temperature, or reaction rate). As the reactant enters and flow
axially down the reactor, they are consumed and the conversion increases along the length
of the reactor.
−d F A
=−r A
dV
F A=F A 0 −F A 0 X

d F A =−F A 0 dX

dX
F A0 =−r A
dV
Integrate with the limits V = 0 when X = 0 to obtain the plug flow reactor volume
necessary to achieve a specified conversion X
 X
dX
V =F A 0∫
0 −r A

2. Rate Law
Irreversible second order reaction
−r A =k C A C B
3
−3704,5 12,733 m
lnk= +
T kmol . menit
−3704,5 12,733 m3
lnk= +
333,15 K kmol . menit

m3 60 menit m3
k =5,02 × =301,19
kmol .menit jam kmol . jam
3
m
−r A =301,19 .C C
kmol . jam A B
The combined PFR mole balance and rate law is

dX k C A C B
=
dV F A0

3. Stoichiometry
For liquid phase
Nx P
C x= ×
NT R .T
C x =komposisireaktan

N X =mol reaktan

N T =mol total
3
m .atm
R=konstanta gas ideal=0,082057
Kmol . K
Nx P 1 1 atm kmol
C A 0= × = × =3,0483 ×10−3 3
N T R . T 12 m . atm3
m
0,082057 ×333,15 K
Kmol . K
 For isothermal operation, we can bring k outside the integral

4. Combine

[ ]
F A 0 X dX F A0 1
V= ∫ =
k C A 0 0 (1−x A ) k C A 0
. ln
( 1−x A )
F A0
V= . ln ⁡(1−x A )
k C A0
kmol
8,65
V=
301,19
m 3
jam
kmol
× 3,0483× 10−3 3
. ⁡ln
[ 1
( 1−0,8 ) ]
kmol . jam m

V =15,1632m3