SAINT JOSEPH COLLEGE OF SINDANGAN INCORPORATED

POBLACION, SINDANGAN ZAMBOANGA DEL NORTE

CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION

CRIM 100 — INTRODUCTION TO CRIMINOLOGY — 1ST YEAR

PRESENTED BY:

CHRIZEL CLAIRE A. CANLAS

CJL; STUDENT

PRESENTED TO:

MR. DIEL ANTHONY R. SAGANG

CJL; INSTRUCTOR
I. DIFFERENTIATE CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR AND HUMAN BEHAVIOR

Criminal Behavior

The goal of criminal behavior research is to better understand offenders and

answer questions such as: who criminals are, why they commit crimes (in order to

define ways to prevent criminal activity), how they think, and what they do (in order

to predict their future actions and assist investigations in catching offenders). As time

passed, more and more research and experiments were held, and the modern approach

to this question is that, of course, genetics is a really important reason behind criminal

behavior, but the environment is also as important as it. This includes the family the

child is born into and raised in, the example their parents and family can give them,

their social status, their education, etc. Nowadays, psychologists and criminalists

agree that what drives a person to criminal behavior is a really complex mechanism

involving a lot of factors. We can imagine a child born into a "criminal" family

(mother has schizophrenia, father is a rapist and murderer), but after getting an

education and a job, his behavior was not antisocial. It demonstrates that genetics

alone cannot predict a person's proclivity for criminal behavior.

Anything about a person's psychology that can tangentially raise the likelihood

that they would engage in criminal action is considered a risk factor for crime.

Behavior problems, a lack of education, media impact, a bad temperament, a low IQ,

antisocial ideas, society's influence or a poor integration into it, poor parenting, etc.

may all fall under this category. Arrests and charges, as well as self-reported offenses

(which some say are more accurate) and actual crime rates, which are often gathered

by state authorities, are all commonly used to quantify criminal conduct. Crime

reports are created utilizing this type of data, which aids in broadly classifying crimes
by type and offender characteristics like gender, age, race, and location. Even though

the causes of criminal conduct might differ greatly from instance to instance, they can

nonetheless be divided into two broad categories: heredity and environment.

Human behavior

Human behavior is the potential and expressed capacity (mentally, physically,

and socially) of human individuals or groups to respond to internal and

external stimuli throughout their lives. Human social behavior, which includes

communication and cooperation, is defined as behavior that considers other humans.

It is highly complex and structured, based on an advanced theory of mind that allows

humans to attribute thoughts and actions to one another. Through social behavior,

humans have developed a society and culture distinct from other animals. Human

social behavior is governed by a combination of biological factors that affect all

humans and cultural factors that change depending on upbringing and societal norms.

Human communication is heavily based on language, typically

through speech or writing. Nonverbal communication and paralanguage can modify

the meaning of communications by demonstrating ideas and intent through physical

and vocal behaviors.

In today's society, a variety of hypotheses about human behavior are widely

accepted and applied. Understanding these ideas, as well as the many forms of human

behavior and the variables that influence them, makes a difference. People fall into

several or perhaps numerous groups both collectively and individually since they are a

unique species. Some people could have a tendency in one direction, but others might

be motivated by something completely different.

II. DIFFERENTIATE CRIME AND LAW AND EFFECT

Crime

In ordinary language, a crime is an unlawful act punishable by a state or other

authority. The term crime does not, in modern criminal law, have any simple and

universally accepted definition, though statutory definitions have been provided for

certain purposes. The most popular view is that crime is a category created by law; in

other words, something is a crime if declared as such by the relevant and applicable

law. One proposed definition is that a crime or offense (or criminal offense) is an act

harmful not only to some individual but also to a community, society, or the state ("a

public wrong"). Such behavior is illegal and punishable by law.

In the scope of law, crime is defined by the criminal law of a given

jurisdiction, including all actions that are subject to criminal procedure. There is no

limit to what can be considered a crime in a legal system, so there may not be a

unifying principle used to determine whether an action should be designated as a

crime.

Everyone in society is impacted by crime, including both the victim and the

offender. The economy, families, and communities are all negatively impacted. Crime

has a significant financial and social cost. Fear, material loss, and bodily harm are

some of the human repercussions of crime that affect people and their families.

Criminal activity costs businesses money, and taxpayers must foot the bill for jails,

courts, and police protection. Society as a whole suffers emotionally as a result of

crime.
Law

Law is a set of rules created and enforced by social or governmental

institutions to regulate behavior, the precise definition of which has long been

debated. It has been variously described as a science and as the "art of justice." The

law is treated in a number of articles. For a description of legal training and a general

background, see legal profession, legal education, and legal ethics. Articles

that delineate the relationship of law to political structures are the constitution,

ideology, political party, and political system.

Also, law is the discipline and profession concerned with the customs,

practices, and rules of conduct of a community that are recognized as binding by the

community. Enforcement of the body of rules is done through a controlling authority.

III. FUNCTIONS, STRENGHT AND WEAKNESSES OF THE FIVE PILLARS OF

CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM IN THE PHILIPPINES

1. LAW ENFORCEMENT:

They uphold the law by making sure that it is followed, investigating crimes

and legal violations, bringing criminal cases before the prosecutor's office (fiscal) or

the Office of the Ombudsman (if the offender is a government employee or official),

and giving testimony in court if the prosecutor's office or the Office of the

Ombudsman brings a criminal charge against someone.

They are responsible for conducting the investigation into the crime,

apprehending suspects with a warrant or without one, depending on the situation, and

then referring the case and suspects to the Office of the Public Prosecutor or

Municipal Trial Court for an initial investigation or directly to the Municipal Trial

Court for a trial and ruling. They are essential to maintaining peace and order due to

their power. The vulnerabilities are the financial shortfall and corruption accusations,

which make law enforcement difficult.

2. II. THE PROSECUTION

The prosecutor (either a fiscal from the DOJ for crimes committed by non-

government people or from the Ombudsman for crimes committed by government

people, although the fiscals can prosecute criminal cases against government people

under the ongoing authority of the Office of the Ombudsman) now stands as the

attorney for the state (the people of the Philippines) and prosecutes the case. The

victim, the investigator from the police department, as well as other witnesses, will

now give testimony in court. The accused will be defended by the defense attorney.
The accused's guilt or innocence will now be determined by the court following the

trial. If so, he will face punishment (a fine, imprisonment, or both). If not, he will be

found not guilty and set free.

They have the responsibility for prosecuting all crimes, misdemeanors, and

ordinance violations; conducting investigations into all allegations of crimes,

misdemeanors, and violations of all penal laws and ordinances within their respective

jurisdictions; and serving as legal counsel and representatives of the government

whenever necessary. Investigate illegal activity and take part in the collection of

pertinent evidence. They are essential for the defense of the accused's right to a fair

trial because of their strength. In addition, there is a serious staffing deficit, which

exacerbates the problem of court overcrowding.

3. THE COURTS:

Regional Trial Courts (for crimes punishable by imprisonment for more than

six years and appeals from Municipal Trial Court decisions), Shari'a Circuit Courts in

the ARMM (for criminal violations of the Muslim Code), Municipal Trial Courts (for

crimes punishable by imprisonment for no more than six years), and the

Sandiganbayan (for crimes committed by government officials with salary grades 27

and above, regardless of the penalty).

Their job is to resolve genuine disputes involving legally demandable and

enforceable rights. on the basis of laws and regulations, decides cases, and passes

judgment. They protect the right to a fair trial, due process, and legal counsel, which

is their main strength. Delay and a delayed case disposition are nevertheless a

drawback.
 4. CORRECTIONS:

The several prisons (municipal, city, and provincial), the Bureau of

Corrections (in Muntinlupa), and additional correctional facilities are all members of

this organization. The accused must deposit a bail bond for his temporary release, and

the offense must be bailable in order for him to be released from the municipal, city,

or provincial jail while the criminal case is ongoing in court. Once found guilty, the

defendant will be sent to the Bureau of Corrections to complete his or her sentence.

Corrections officers are responsible for ensuring that the offender is rehabilitated and

capable of reintegrating himself into society after serving his sentence because our

criminal justice system is also a corrective one.

At their several stations around the country, they are responsible for

maintaining detention facilities. And because of their power, they are essential to the

rehabilitation of the accused and societal integration. The budgetary constraint is the

weakness, though. It is viewed as the weakest link in the Philippine criminal justice

system since it fails to change the prisoner.

5. THE COMMUNITY:

A rotten community will always produce rotten law enforcers, prosecutors,

judges, justices, and correction officials. Members of the community are also direct or

indirect victims of crime. They are also the beneficiaries of an efficient and effective

criminal justice system in the form of a peaceful and fear-free environment. The

community is also the greatest source of information about the commission of a

crime. Most witnesses come from the community, including victims and

whistleblowers. Most crimes against property (theft, robbery, etc.) are dismissed
because the victim does not testify in court, especially when the stolen property is

recovered. Hence, thieves and robbers are set free—free again to steal and rob!

Their role is to help law enforcement and the judiciary solve crimes by giving

information, promoting community involvement in crime prevention and the

development of a culture of peace, and assisting in the mobilization of resources for

peace and order. Furthermore, because SS claimants are system beneficiaries, they are

critical in holding system duty bearers accountable.

Their biggest asset is the requirement for active community involvement to

guarantee the efficiency of the criminal justice system. Their downside, though, is that

they are heavily dependent on the other pillars.

IV. DIFFERENTIATE STRAIN THEORY AND ANOMIE THEORY

Strain theory

Strain theory is defined by Merton as "an approach to deviance that regards

deviance as a product of the insufficient adaptation of the social system to the moral

expectations of its members." According to this definition, strain theory is more

focused on specific individual circumstances and predicts criminal behavior.

Another illustration of the strain hypothesis is when a person turns to crime to

supplement their income after losing their job. or a student whose family's financial

situation prevents them from enrolling in the institution of their choice. The student

uses illicit means to pay for school or cheats on examinations to get better scores for

entry or scholarships.

Anomie Theory

Anomie is a feeling of "normlessness." The idea that society's norms are what

drive people to engage in immoral behavior is known as anomie. It entails a clash

between institutionalized mechanisms for reaching culturally defined goals and those

goals themselves. The collapse of societal standards and ideals is anomie. The general

population becomes demoralized and loses respect for social institutions as a result of

this pervasive feeling of normlessness.

For instance, many individuals would turn to illegal means of making a

livelihood if society does not offer enough employment that pays a livable wage so

that people may work to exist. So, anomie, a state of social instability, is largely to

blame for deviance and crime.

V. MY CONTRIBUTION IN THE COMMUNITY AS A CRIMINOLOGY

STUDENT

As a new criminology student, I have made a small contribution to our

community, such as promoting peace and avoiding cigarette smoking. It is critical that

our community is peaceful because, like our community here in Sindangan, there are

some places known for cruelty and there are always so many people fighting. The

most important thing I contributed was peace, because I believe that peace is essential

for us to live a happy life every day. We require peace in order to perform our daily

tasks without hesitation. Life is better when we have peace of mind, especially if our

surroundings are peaceful as well. Peace is important in our daily lives because we

cannot exist in this world without it. Then there's cigarette smoking, which we all

know is bad for our health. It destroys our lungs, which can lead to lung diseases such

as tuberculosis and COPD. So, I provide health education to people I see smoking,

particularly in my neighborhood. Smoking can shorten our lives even further. Those

who did not listen to someone's advice are taking a risk, in my opinion. By

eliminating vices or bad habits, a healthy lifestyle can help them live longer lives. We

must live in peace and maintain a healthy lifestyle in order to live a healthy and happy

life.
References:

Criminal Behavior Law and Legal Definition | USLegal, Inc.

Criminal Behavior – Criminal Psychology (e-criminalpsychology.com)

Human behavior - Wikipedia

Human behavior | Definition, Theories, Characteristics, Examples, Types, & Facts |

Britannica

Crime - Wikipedia

Law | Definition, Systems, Institutions, & Fields | Britannica

Law - Wikipedia

What is Law - Definition, Purpose and Sense of Law (studylecturenotes.com)

Enumerate the five pillars of the Philippine criminal justice system? - Brainly.ph

Studocu - Free summaries, lecture notes & exam prep

THE ROLE AND FUNCTION OF THE PROSECUTION IN THE PHILIPPINE

CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM | The Lawyers & Jurists (lawyersnjurists.com)

Strain theory | sociology | Britannica

Anomie Theory | Definition & Examples - Simply Psychology