Dr.

Majid albana DESIGN OF STAIRCASES

Dr. Majid albana

16 @250 mmC/C

+3.5

16 @150 mmC/C

16 @250 mmC/C

6 mm +1.97
4 14 mm

6@25mm

16 @150 mmC/C

+0.44 10 @375 mm

DESIGN STAIRS
Dr. Majid albana

Design Of Reinforced
Concrete Stairs

Stairs are constructed to provide access to the different floor levels, within
buildings. They consist of a number of steps arranged in series.
Most of stairs are designed as supported one-way slabs

1. DEFINITIONS
The definitions of some technical terms which are used in connection with the
planning and design of stairs are shown in Figure ( 1).
1. Going (G): The horizontal distance of the upper surface of a step.
2. Rise (R): The vertical distance between horizontal of two consecutive
steps.
3. Waist (h) : The least thickness of the stairs slab.
4. Landing : The horizontal platform which is usually provided at the
beginning and the end of series of steps.
5. Flight : Comprised of a number of steps provided between two
consecutive landing.

G Landing

R
Flight

L
θ
V
h
H

Figure ( 1) Particulars of stairs

Dr. Majid albana

2. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS:
1. There should be an equal number of steps between consecutive floors,
and steps should have identical rises and goings.
2. Rise should not be greater than 17 cm, and the going not les than
22.5 cm R ≤ 17 cm
G ≥ 22.5 cm
3. The slope to exterior from 0.2 to 0.3 for reduce the horizontal surface of
stairs

3. TYPE OF STAIRS:
For the purpose of analysis and design, stairs may classify in two groups:
1) Stairs Spanning Transversely, characterize be:
a) Stairs simply supported at each side by a wall or beam.
b) Stairs cantilevering from a wall or beam at one side only.
c) Stairs cantilevering across a central sloping beam.
2) Stairs Spanning Longitudinally,
Supported at the top and bottom of the flight and are unsupported along the
sides.
Referring to Figure ( 2), which shows four common supporting systems of a
typical staircase involving two flights, the supporting elements may be:
1) Beams provided at the top and bottom of the actual stairs,
As shown in Fig.( 2.a), Naturally these beams must be supported in some
manner.
2) Beams or walls provided at both outside edges of the landings,
As shown in Fig.(2.b), A beam is usually available at the edge of the floor
landing, but a special beam or wall has to be provided at the edge of the
intermediate landing,
3) Landing slabs which span transversely and are supported by beams
or walls at their outsider edges,
As shown in Fig.( 2.c), Normally, beams are available at the two edges of
the floor landing, but special provision have to be mad support intermediate
landings at their edges.
4) A combination of a beam, or a wall, at one edge and transversely
supported slab the other edge
As shown in Fig.( 2.d)
Dr. Majid albana

Figure ( 2); Common supporting systems of longitudinally supported stairs

Dr. Majid albana
Dr. Majid albana

4. PRINCIPAL STAIRS
Figure (7.3) and Figure (7.4) show a typical staircase of an Office building.
The story height is 3.00 m and a typical step has a rise R=15 cm, and a going
G= 30 cm. Design the stairs for the flowing data:
• Live load= 5 kN/m2
• f c' = 25 MPa , f y = 400 MPa cc = 20 mm

Figure (7.3): Horizontal Stair Dimensions

+3.06

0.15
0.15
0.15

Figure ( 4): Heights of Stair

Dr. Majid albana

I. DIMENSIONS:
I.1. Slope Angle of the Stair Slab:
V 1.53
θ = tan −1 = tan −1 = 29.54 0 O.K
H 2.70
L
I.2. Length of Stair: 1.53
L = (1.53) 2 + (2.7) 2 = 3.1m = 3100 mm θ
I.3. Thickness of Stair :
For control the deflection (h ) .Using ACI Code Deflection Conditions
2.7

L
hmin = ( one end continuous slab)
24
3100
hmin = = 129.2 mm ≈ 130 mm
24
Use h = 150 mm = 15 cm

II. LOAD CALCULATIONS:

II.1. Load on the Stair Landing:
Weight of landing: = 0.15 × 1 x1 x 24 = 3.6 kN / m 2
Finishing:
Tiles = 0.44 kN / m 2
Cement mortar = 0.4 kN / m 2
Plaster = 0.4 kN / m 2
Additional load: = 0.46 kN / m 2

∑ D L = 5.30 kN / m 2

∑ L . L = 5 kN / m 2

Design load:
U = (1.2 × DL) + (1.6 × LL)
U 1 = (1.2 × 5.30) + (1.6 x5) = 14.306 kN / m 2
II.2. Load on Stair Slab:
Weight of slab: = 0.15 x 1 x 1 x 24 = 3.6 kN / m 2
Weight of steps:
1
= × 0.3 × 0.15 × 24 = 0.54 kN / m 2
2
Finishing:
Tiles = 0.44 kN / m 2
Cement mortar: = 0.4 kN / m 2
Dr. Majid albana

Plaster = 0.4 kN / m 2
Additional load = 0.5 kN / m 2
Total load
∑ D L = 5.88 kN / m 2

∑ L . L = 5 kN / m 2

Design load:
U = (1.2 × DL) + (1.6 × LL)
U 2 = (1.2 × 5.88) + (1.6 x5) = 15.56 kN / m 2

III. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

III.1. Reactions:
∑ M A = 0 = (15.56 x 2.7) x1.35 + (14.36 x1.1) x3.25 − 3.8RB
0 = 56.716 + 51.337 − 3.8 RB
108.05
RB = = 28.44 kN
3.8 14.36 kN/m
∑ Y = 0 = 15.56 x2.7 + 14.36 x1.1x − 28.44 − RA D
B
R A = 57.808 − 28.44 = 29.37 kN 15.56 kN/m
C
III.2. Moments: A
- The positive moment at C
M c = −(15.56 x1.35) x0.675 + 29.37 x1.35 2.7 m 1.1

= −14.179 + 39.65 = 25.47 kN .m

III.3. Diagrams:
15.56 kN/m 14.36 kN/m

A C D B

2.7 m 1.1 m

25.47

29.37

Figure ( 5): Structural

28.44
Dr. Majid albana

IV. CALCULATION OF STEE REINFORCEMENT:

IV.1. Positive Moment (Main Reinforcement):
Use φ b = 14 mm , Concrete Cover = 20 mm , M u = 25.47 kN .m ,
Mu 25.47
Mn = = = 28.3 kN .m f c' = 25 MPa f y = 400 MPa
φ 0.9
Effective depth:
φb
d =h− − cc
2
14
d =150 − − 20 = 123 mm
2
Area of steel:
fy 400
m= '
= = 18.81
0.85 f c
0.85 x 25

Mn 28.3
Rn = = = 1.841
bd 2 1000 x(0.124) 2

1 ⎡ 2 mR n ⎤
ρ = ⎢1 − 1 − ⎥
m ⎣⎢ f y ⎥⎦
1 ⎡ 2 x 18 . 81 x 1 . 841 ⎤
ρ = ⎢1 − 1 − ⎥
18 . 81 ⎣ 400 ⎦
ρ = 0.0048
Check ρ
1.4
ρ min = = 0.0035
fy
⎡ 25 ⎛ 600 ⎞⎤
ρ max = 0.75⎢0.85 × 0.85 × ×⎜ ⎟ = 0.02
⎣ 400 ⎝ 600 + 400 ⎠⎥⎦
ρ min = 0.0035 < ρ = 0.0048 < ρ max = 0.02
As = ρ .b . d = 0.0048 × 1000 × 124 = 595.2 mm 2
Number of bars:
(14) 2
Ab = π = 153.94 mm 2
4
595.2
n= = 3.87 ≈ 4
153.94
Use 4 φ 14mm / m'
Dr. Majid albana

Spacing:
1000
S= = 258 mm Use S=250 mm
3.87
Check Spacing:
S max ≤ 3 h
S max = 3x150 = 450 mm
S = 250 p S max = 450 mm OK
Use S = 250mm
Use φ 14 mm @ 250 mm

IV.2. Negative Moment Reinforcement:

The connection zone (slab-landing) should be reinforced as a equal: a half
quantity of Positive moment
595.2
As = = 297.6 mm 2
2
π (12) 2
Use φ = 12 mm Ab = = 113 mm 2
4
297.6
n= = 2.63 ≈ 3
113
Use 3φ 12 mm / m '
Spacing
1000
S= = 380 mm
2.63
Use φ 12 mm @ 380 mm
Check Spacing:
S max ≤ 3 h
S max = 3x150 = 450 mm
S = 380 p S max = 450 mm OK
Use S = 380mm
Use φ 12 mm @ 380 mm

IV.3. Temperature and Shrinkage Reinforcement:

Use φ 10 mm
Steel Ratio:
0.0018 × 400
ρ min =
fy
Dr. Majid albana

0.0018 × 400
ρ min = = 0.0018
400

Effective Depth:
φb (temp)
d = h − cc − φb (main) −
2
10
d = 150 − 20 − 14 − = 111 mm
2

Steel Area:
As = ρ min × b × d
= 0.0018 × 1000 × 111 = 199.8 mm 2
Number of bars
(10) 2
Ab = π = 78.5 mm 2
4
199.8
n= = 2.54 ≈ 3
78.5
Use 3φ 10 mm / m'
Spacing:
1000
S= = 393 mm
2.54
Use s=380 mm
Check spacing
S max ≤ 3 h = 3 x150 = 450 mm
S = 380 ≤ S max = 450 mm
Use φ 10 mm @ 380 mm
IV.4. Shear:
⎡ f c' ⎤
φ VC = φ ⎢ ⎥ × bw × d
⎣⎢ 6 ⎦⎥
25
= 0.85 × × 1000 × 124 × 10 −3 = 87.83 kN
6
Vu = R A = 31 kN
Vu < φ VC ⇒ o.k
No shear stirrups need
Dr. Majid albana

V. BEAM STEEL REINFORCEMENT

V.1. Dimension of Beam:

Deflection conditions.
L
hmin = (Simply supported beam)
16
6000
hmin = = 375 mm Use h = 400 mm
16
φb
d = h − cc − φ s b −
2
16
d = 400 − 20 − 10 − = 362 mm
2
⎛h 2h ⎞
⎜ <b< ⎟
⎝3 3 ⎠
⎟ = (133.3 p b p 266.6 )
⎛ 400 2 x 400 ⎞
⎜ <b<
⎝ 3 3 ⎠
Use b = 200 mm

V.2. Loads on the Beam

Reaction of R. stair slab: = 28.45 kN / m
Load from landing: 0.15×1.1 × 24 = 43.96 kN / m
Own weight 0.4 × 0.2 × 24 = 1.92 kN / m
Weight of wall: = 7.5 kN / m
Total dead load = 28.45 + 3.96 + 1.92 + 7.5 = 41.83 kN / m
U = (1.2 × DL) + (1.6 × LL)
U 3 = (1.2 × 41.83) + (1.6 × 5) = 58.2 kN / m

V.3 Structural Analysis for Beam

- Reaction:
Ul 58.2 x6
R= = = 174.6 kN
2 2
- Moments:
Ul 2 58.2(6) 2
M= = = 87.3 kN .m (Continuous beam)
24 24
Dr. Majid albana

- Diagrams:

58.2 kN/m

6m

87.3
174.6

174.6

Figure: (7.6): Structural Analysis of Stair Beam

V.4. Structural Design for beam:

M u = 87.3 kN .m
M u 87.3
Mn = = = 97 kN .m
0.9 0.9
d = 362 mm b = 200 mm
f c' = 25 MPa f y = 400 MPa
Area of Steel:
fy 400
m= '
= = 18.81
0.85 f c 0.85 x 25

Mn 97
Rn = 2
= = 3 .7
bd 1000(0.2) x(0.362) 2
Dr. Majid albana

1 ⎡ 2 mR n ⎤
ρ = ⎢1 − 1 − ⎥
m ⎢⎣ fy ⎥⎦
1 ⎡ 2 x 18 . 81 x 3 . 7 ⎤
ρ = ⎢1 − 1 − ⎥
18 . 81 ⎢⎣ 400 ⎥⎦
ρ = 0.010 ≈ 0.010

Check ρ
1 .4
ρ min = = 0.0035
fy
⎡ 25 ⎛ 600 ⎞⎤
ρ max = 0.75⎢0.85 × 0.85 × ×⎜ ⎟⎥ = 0.02
⎣ 400 ⎝ 600 + 400 ⎠⎦
ρ min = 0.0035 < ρ = 0.010 < ρ max = 0.02
As = ρ .b . d = 0.010 × 200 × 362 = 724 mm 2
(16) 2
Ab = π = 201 mm 2
4

Number of steel:
724
n= = 3.6 ≈ 4
201
Use 4 φ 16 mm / m'
Spacing:
b − 2cc − 2φ sb − nφb
S=
n −1
200 − 2 x 25 − 2 x10 − 4 x16 66
S= = = 22 mm
3 3
S=22 mm
Dr. Majid albana

VI. STRUCTURAL DESIGN:

+3.5

12 @ 150 mm C/C

12 @ 250 mm C/C

+1.97
4 16 mm
φ 10mm 4 φ16 mm
Stair beam

φ10 @ 200 mm

12 @ 150 mm C/C
6@25mm
10 @ 375 mm

+0.44

Figure ( 7): Reinforcement Detailing of Principal stair

Dr. Majid albana

5. EMERGENCY STAIR

Figure ( 8): Horizontal of an Emergency Stair Dimensions

+3.06

0.3

0.15

Figure ( 9): Heights of Emergency Stair

Dr. Majid albana

I. DIMENSIONS:

I.1. Slope Angle of the Stair Slab:

1.53
θ = tan −1 = 32.5 0
2 .4

I.2. Length of Stair:

L = 2846 mm

I.3. Thickness of Stair:

L 2846
h= = = 135.5 mm (Both end continuous slabs)
21 21

Use h = 150 mm 2.846

1.53
θ
2.4
II. LOAD CALCULATIONS

II.1. Calculation of Load of Stair Slab

Weight of stair slab:

= 0.15 x1x1x 24 = 3.6 kN . / m 2
Weight of steps:
1
= × 0.3 × 0.15 × 24 = 0.54 kN / m 2
2
Finishing:
= 1.24 kN / m 2
Additional load: = 0.62 kN / m 2
Total load:
∑ D L = 6 kN / m 2

∑ L . L = 5 kN / m 2

U 1 = 1.2 × 6 + 1.6 x5 = 15.2 kN / m 2

II.2. Calculation of Load of Stair Landing

Weight of landing:
= 0.15 x1x1x 24 = 3.6 kN / m 2
Finishing: = 1.25 kN / m 2
Dr. Majid albana

Additional weight: = 0.45 kN / m 2

∑ D L = 5.30 kN / m 2
∑ L . L = 5 kN / m 2

Design load:
U 2 = 1.2 × 5.3 + 5 × 1.6 = 14.36 kN / m 2

III. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS:

III.1. Reactions

∑M A
= 0 = (14.36 x1.9) x0.95 + (15.2 x 2.4) x3.1 + (14.36 x1.5) x5.05 − 5.8 RB
0 = 25.92 + 113.088 + 108.78 − 5.8 RB
247.788
RB = = 42.722 kN
5.8

∑ Y = 0 =(14.36 x1.9) + (15.2 x2.4) + (14.36 x1.5) x 46.68 − 42.722 − R A

R A = 27.284 + 36.48 + 21.54 − 42.722

14.36kN/m
R A = 42.582 kN D B
15.2kN/m
E
14.36kN/m
A C
III.2. Moments 1.9 2.4 m 1.5

- The positive moment

M C = −(14.36 x1.9) x 0.95 + 42.722 x1.9
= −25.92 + 80.91 = 54.99 kN .m
M E = (14.36 x1.9) x (0.95 + 1.2) + (15.2 x1.2) x 0.6 − 42.722 x3.1
= (14.36 x1.9) x 2.15 + (15.2 x1.2) x 0.6 − 42.722 x3.1
= 58.661 + 10.944 − 132 .438 = −62.83 kN .m
M u = 62.82 kN .m
M u 62.83
Mn = = = 69.81 5kN .m
0.9 0 .9
Dr. Majid albana

III.3. Diagrams

14.36kN/m 15.2 kN/m 14.36kN/m

A C E D B
1.9 2.4 1.5

62.83
42.7

42.7

Figure ( 10): Structural Analysis of Emergency Stair Slab

IV. Calculation of Steel Reinforcement

IV.1. Design for Positive Moment:

Use φ 16 mm, concreteover 20 mm
f c' = 25 MPa , f y = 400 MPa , M n = 69.83 kN .m
Effective depth:
φb
d =h− − cc
2
16
=150 − − 20 = 122 mm
2
Area of steel:
fy 400
m= '
= = 18.81
0.85 f c 0.85 x 25
Dr. Majid albana

Mn 69.83
Rn = 2
= = 4.69
bd 1000 x(0.122) 2

1 ⎡ 2 mR n ⎤
ρ = ⎢1 − 1 − ⎥
m ⎢⎣ fy ⎥⎦
1 ⎡ 2 x 18 . 81 x 4 . 69 ⎤
ρ = ⎢1 − 1 − ⎥
18 . 81 ⎢⎣ 400 ⎥⎦
ρ = 0.0134
Check ρ
1.4
ρ min = = 0.0035
fy
⎡ 25 ⎛ 600 ⎞⎤
ρ max = 0.75⎢0.85 × 0.85 × ×⎜ ⎟ = 0.02
⎣ 400 ⎝ 600 + 400 ⎠⎥⎦
ρ min = 0.0035 < ρ = 0.0134 < ρ max = 0.02
As = ρ . b . d = 0.0134 × 1000 × 122 = 1634.8 mm 2
Number of bars:
(16) 2
Ab = π = 201 mm 2
4
1635
n= = 8.13 ≈ 8
201
Use 8φ 16 mm / m'
Spacing:
1000
S= = 123 mm
8.13
Use S=125 mm

Check Spacing:
S max ≤ 3 h
S max = 3 x150 = 450 mm
S = 125 ≤ S max = 450 mm OK
Use S = 125 mm
Use φ 16mm @ 125 mm

IV.2. Negative Moment Reinforcement:

Dr. Majid albana

Reinforcement connection zone (slab-landing) to be half quantity of Positive

moment
1635
As = = 817.5 mm 2
2
(16) 2
Ab = π = 201 mm 2
4
817.5
n= = 4.07 ≈ 4
201
Use 4φ 16 mm / m'

Spacing:
1000
S= = 245 mm
4.07
Use S=250 m

Check Spacing:
S max ≤ 3 h
S max = 3 x150 = 450 mm
S = 250 ≤ S max = 450 mm OK
Use S = 250 mm
Use φ 16mm @ 250 mm

IV.3. Reinforcement Temperature and Shrinkage:

Use φ 10 mm
0.018 × 400
ρ= = 0.018
fy
10
d = 150 − 20 − 16(main) − = 109 mm
2
As = 0.0018 × 1000 × 109 = 196.2 mm 2
196.2
n= = 2 .5 ≈ 3
78.5
Use 3φ 10 mm / m '
Spacing:
1000
S= = 400 mm
2 .5
Use S = 400 mm
φ 10 @ 400 mm
Dr. Majid albana

IV.4. Shear
25
φ VC = 0.85 × × 1000 × 142 × 10 −3 = 100.6 kN
6
Vu = 50 kN
Vu < φ VC o.k

V. BEAM STEEL REINFORCEMENT:

V.1. Dimensions
L
hmin =
16
3200
hmin = = 200 mm
16
Use h = 400 mm

Effective depth and width :

φb
d = h − cc − φ sb −
2
14
= 400 − 20 − 10 − = 363 mm
2
⎛h 2h ⎞ ⎛ 400 2 x 400 ⎞
⎜ <b< ⎟ ⎜ <b< ⎟ = (133.3 mm p b p 266.7 mm )
⎝3 3 ⎠⎝ 3 3 ⎠
Ue b = 200 mm
V.2. Loads Acting on Beam

Reactions of R. slab and landing: = 42.7 kN / m

Own Weight 0.2 × 0.4 × 24 = 1.92 kN / m
Weight of wall = 7.5 kN / m
Total dead load: =52.12 kN/m

V.3 Structural Analysis for Beam

Dr. Majid albana

- Reaction:
U l 52.12 x3.2
R= = = 83.39 kN 52.12 N/m
2 2
- Moments:
U l 2 52.12(3.2) 2
M = = = 66.72 kN .m 3.2 m
24 24
- Diagrams:

66.72
83.39

83.39

Figure (7.11): Structural Analysis of Emergency Stair Beam

V.4. Structural Design

d = 400 − 20 − 10 − 7 = 363 mm
66.12
Mn = = 73.47 kN .m / m
0.9
Area of steel:
fy 400
m= '
= = 18.81
0.85 f c 0.85 x 25
M 88
Rn = n2 = = 2.94
bd 1000 x0.200 x(0.363) 2
1 ⎡ 2 mR n ⎤
ρ = ⎢1 − 1 − ⎥
m ⎢⎣ fy ⎥⎦
1 ⎡ 2 x18 . 81 x 2 . 94 ⎤
ρ = ⎢1 − 1 − ⎥
18 . 81 ⎢⎣ 400 ⎥⎦
ρ = 0 . 009
Check ρ
1.4
ρ min = = 0.0035
fy
Dr. Majid albana

⎡ 25 ⎛ 600 ⎞⎤
ρ max = 0.75⎢0.85 × 0.85 × ×⎜ ⎟ = 0.02
⎣ 400 ⎝ 600 + 400 ⎠⎥⎦
ρ min = 0.0035 < ρ = 0.0079 < ρ max = 0.02
As = ρ .b . d = 0.0079 × 200 x363 = 573.54 mm 2
Number of bars:
(14) 2
Ab = π = 153.9 mm 2
4
573.54
n= = 3 .7 ≈ 4
153.9
Use 4φ 14 mm / m'
Spacing:
b − 2cc − 2φ sb − nφb
S=
n −1
200 − 2 x 25 − 2 x10 − 4 x14
S= = 24.7 mm
3
S=25 mm
Dr. Majid albana

VI. STRUCTURAL DESIGN:

16 @250 mmC/C

+3.5

16 @150 mmC/C

16 @250 mmC/C

φ 10mm +1.97 4φ 14 mm

Stair beam

φ 10 @ 200 mm
φ 16 @ 125 mm

+0.44 φ 10 @ 400 mm

Figure ( 12): Details of Emergency Reinforcement Stairs