Name:

Muhammad Hammad Ahmad

Roll No:
bsf1903718
Semester:
BBA 4th (B)
Subject:
Business Finance
Topic:

Ratio Analysis
Submitted to:
Ms. Aisha Khursheed

Department of Business Administration

 ATTOCK PETROLEUM PAKISTAN LIMITED
Ratio Analysis
1. Liquidity Ratios

i. Current Ratio

Formula 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐀𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐭𝐬

Current Ratio = 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐋𝐢𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐞𝐬

Attock Petroleum
Current Ratio Current Ratio PSO Petroleum Ltd.
Ltd.

𝟑𝟖,𝟏𝟒𝟖,𝟓𝟔𝟒,𝟎𝟎𝟎 1.42
Year 2018 1.32
= 𝟐𝟔,𝟖𝟎𝟐,𝟏𝟐𝟒,𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝟑𝟕,𝟏𝟎𝟐,𝟗𝟒𝟓,𝟎𝟎𝟎 1.39
Year 2019 1.32
= 𝟐𝟔,𝟔𝟖𝟐,𝟗𝟖𝟒,𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝟑𝟓,𝟔𝟓𝟒,𝟔𝟗𝟑,𝟎𝟎𝟎 1.28
Year 2020 1.35
= 𝟐𝟕,𝟗𝟎𝟖,𝟕𝟐𝟖,𝟎𝟎𝟎

ii. Quick (acid-test) Ratio

Formula 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐀𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐭𝐬−𝐈𝐧𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬

Quick Ratio = 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐋𝐢𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐞𝐬

PSO
Attock Petroleum
Quick Ratio Quick Ratio Petroleum
Ltd.
Ltd.

𝟑𝟖,𝟏𝟒𝟖,𝟓𝟔𝟒,𝟎𝟎𝟎−𝟏𝟐,𝟒𝟔𝟎,𝟓𝟑𝟗,𝟎𝟎𝟎 0.96
Year 2018 1.03
= 𝟐𝟔,𝟖𝟎𝟐,𝟏𝟐𝟒,𝟎𝟎𝟎

𝟑𝟕,𝟏𝟎𝟐,𝟗𝟒𝟓,𝟎𝟎𝟎−𝟏𝟐,𝟖𝟔𝟓,𝟖𝟔𝟐,𝟎𝟎𝟎 0.90
Year 2019 1.01
= 𝟐𝟔,𝟔𝟖𝟐,𝟗𝟖𝟒,𝟎𝟎𝟎

𝟑𝟓,𝟔𝟓𝟒,𝟔𝟗𝟑,𝟎𝟎𝟎−𝟗,𝟒𝟔𝟒,𝟓𝟎𝟑,𝟎𝟎𝟎 0.93
Year 2020 1.09
= 𝟐𝟕,𝟗𝟎𝟖,𝟕𝟐𝟖,𝟎𝟎𝟎
 2. Activity Ratios

i. Inventory Turnover Ratio

𝐂𝐨𝐬𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐆𝐨𝐨𝐝𝐬 𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐝

Formula Inventory Turnover =
𝐈𝐧𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐲

PSO
Attock Petroleum Inventory
Inventory Turnover Petroleum
Ltd. Turnover
Ltd.
𝟏𝟔𝟕,𝟒𝟕𝟑,𝟒𝟒𝟑,𝟎𝟎𝟎 13.4 times
Year 2018 = 13.84
𝟏𝟐,𝟒𝟔𝟎,𝟓𝟑𝟗,𝟎𝟎𝟎

𝟐𝟏𝟒,𝟖𝟑𝟑,𝟏𝟖𝟓,𝟎𝟎𝟎 16.7 times

Year 2019 13.06
= 𝟏𝟐,𝟖𝟔𝟓,𝟖𝟔𝟐,𝟎𝟎𝟎

𝟏𝟗,𝟕𝟒𝟒,𝟎𝟖𝟑,𝟎𝟎𝟎 20.8 times

Year 2020 = 14.93
𝟗,𝟒𝟔𝟒,𝟓𝟎𝟑,𝟎𝟎𝟎

ii. Average Collection Period

𝐀𝐜𝐜𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐭𝐬 𝐑𝐞𝐜𝐞𝐢𝐯𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞
Formula Average collection period = x 365
𝐀𝐧𝐧𝐮𝐚𝐥 𝐬𝐚𝐥𝐞𝐬
Average PSO
Attock Petroleum
Average collection period collection Petroleum
Ltd.
period Ltd.
𝟑,𝟐𝟗𝟔,𝟗𝟔𝟑,𝟎𝟎𝟎 6.79 days
Year 2018 = x 365 64 days
𝟏𝟕𝟕,𝟐𝟏𝟔,𝟕𝟑𝟕,𝟎𝟎𝟎

𝟑,𝟒𝟕𝟏,𝟖𝟗𝟑,𝟎𝟎𝟎 5.68 days

Year 2019 = 𝟐𝟐𝟑,𝟎𝟓𝟒,𝟑𝟓𝟐,𝟎𝟎𝟎x 365 63 days

𝟑,𝟕𝟕𝟓,𝟕𝟒𝟐,𝟎𝟎𝟎 6.85 days

Year 2020 59 days
= 𝟐𝟎𝟏,𝟎𝟕𝟖,𝟕𝟐𝟎,𝟎𝟎𝟎 x 365

iii. Average Payment Period

𝐀𝐜𝐜𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐭𝐬 𝐏𝐚𝐲𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞
Formula Average Payment Period = x 365
𝐀𝐧𝐧𝐮𝐚𝐥 𝐏𝐮𝐫𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐬𝐞𝐬
 PSO
Attock Petroleum Average
Average Payment Period Petroleum
Ltd. Payment Period
Ltd.

𝟐𝟔,𝟏𝟑𝟖,𝟏𝟓𝟗,𝟎𝟎𝟎 57 days
Year 2018 34 days
= 𝟏𝟔𝟕,𝟒𝟕𝟑,𝟒𝟒𝟑,𝟎𝟎𝟎 x 365
𝟑,𝟕𝟕𝟐,𝟖𝟑𝟓,𝟎𝟎𝟎 6.41 days
Year 2019 36 days
= 𝟐𝟏𝟒,𝟖𝟑𝟑,𝟏𝟖𝟓,𝟎𝟎𝟎x 365
𝟒,𝟑𝟕𝟔,𝟎𝟔𝟎,𝟎𝟎𝟎 80.9 days
Year 2020 = 𝟏𝟗,𝟕𝟒𝟒,𝟎𝟖𝟑,𝟎𝟎𝟎 x 365 30 days

iv. Total Asset Turnover

𝐒𝐚𝐥𝐞𝐬
Formula Total asset turnover =
𝐓𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐀𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐭𝐬
PSO
Attock Petroleum Total asset
Total asset turnover Petroleum
Ltd. turnover
Ltd.
𝟏𝟕𝟕,𝟐𝟏𝟔,𝟕𝟑𝟕,𝟎𝟎𝟎 3.84 times
Year 2018 = 3.30 times
𝟒𝟔,𝟏𝟑𝟏,𝟑𝟐𝟔,𝟎𝟎𝟎

𝟐𝟐𝟑,𝟎𝟓𝟒,𝟑𝟓𝟐,𝟎𝟎𝟎 4.8 times

Year 2019 3.27 times
= 𝟒𝟔,𝟒𝟎𝟐,𝟕𝟏𝟐,𝟎𝟎𝟎

𝟐𝟎𝟏,𝟎𝟕𝟖,𝟕𝟐𝟎,𝟎𝟎𝟎 3.92 times

Year 2020 = 3.43 times
𝟓𝟏,𝟐𝟑𝟖,𝟑𝟑𝟐,𝟎𝟎𝟎

3. Debt Ratios

i. Debt Ratio

𝐓𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐥𝐢𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐞𝐬
Formula Debt ratio =
𝐓𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐭𝐬
PSO
Attock Petroleum
Debt ratio Debt ratio Petroleum
Ltd.
Ltd.
 𝟐𝟕,𝟕𝟏𝟑,𝟔𝟔𝟒,𝟎𝟎𝟎 60%
Year 2018 = 𝟒𝟔,𝟏𝟑𝟏,𝟑𝟐𝟔,𝟎𝟎𝟎 72.5%

𝟐𝟕,𝟒𝟕𝟓,𝟗𝟕𝟕,𝟎𝟎𝟎 59.2%
Year 2019 71.7%
= 𝟒𝟔,𝟒𝟎𝟐,𝟕𝟏𝟐,𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝟑𝟐,𝟕𝟗𝟐,𝟑𝟏𝟏,𝟎𝟎𝟎 64%
Year 2020 = 𝟓𝟏,𝟐𝟑𝟖,𝟑𝟑𝟐,𝟎𝟎𝟎 69%

ii. Times Interest Earned Ratio

𝐄𝐚𝐫𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐬 𝐛𝐞𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐚𝐱𝐞𝐬

Formula Times interest earned ratio =
𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐞𝐱𝐩𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐞

PSO
Attock Petroleum Times interest
Times interest earned ratio Petroleum
Ltd. earned ratio
Ltd.

𝟖,𝟎𝟖𝟓,𝟑𝟐𝟓,𝟎𝟎𝟎 14.32 times

Year 2018 6.2 times
= 𝟓𝟔𝟒,𝟑𝟑𝟑,𝟎𝟎𝟎

𝟓,𝟕𝟎𝟖,𝟑𝟕𝟖,𝟎𝟎𝟎 6.7 times

Year 2019 3.2 times
= 𝟖𝟒𝟖,𝟗𝟗𝟐,𝟎𝟎𝟎

𝟏,𝟎𝟖𝟑,𝟕𝟗𝟑,𝟎𝟎𝟎 0.68 times

Year 2020 0.11 times
= 𝟏,𝟓𝟗𝟕,𝟏𝟗𝟗,𝟎𝟎𝟎

iii. Fixed-Payment Coverage Ratio

𝐄𝐚𝐫𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐬 𝐛𝐞𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐚𝐱𝐞𝐬 + 𝐋𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐞 𝐩𝐚𝐲𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬

Fixed-Payment Coverage Ratio = 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐭 + 𝐋𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐞 𝐩𝐚𝐲𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬+ (𝐏𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐜𝐢𝐩𝐚𝐥 𝐩𝐚𝐲𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬 + 𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐜𝐤 𝐝𝐢𝐯𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐬) 𝐱 𝟏/(𝟏 − 𝑻)

Attock Petroleum Fixed-Payment PSO

Ltd. Fixed-Payment Coverage Ratio Coverage Ratio Petroleum
Ltd.

𝟖, 𝟎𝟖𝟓, 𝟑𝟐𝟓 + 𝟐, 𝟑𝟏𝟔, 𝟖𝟔𝟐

Year 2018 𝟏 3.61
𝟓𝟔𝟒, 𝟑𝟑𝟑 + 𝟐, 𝟑𝟏𝟔, 𝟖𝟔𝟐 + {(𝟎 + 𝟎)𝐱 [ ]}
𝟏 − 𝟎.
𝟑𝟎

𝟓, 𝟕𝟎𝟖, 𝟑𝟕𝟖 + 𝟐, 𝟑𝟑𝟗, 𝟑𝟑𝟎

Year 2019 𝟏 2.52
𝟖𝟒𝟖, 𝟗𝟗𝟐 + 𝟐, 𝟑𝟑𝟗, 𝟑𝟑𝟎 + {(𝟎 + 𝟎)𝐱 [ ]}
𝟏 − 𝟎.
𝟐𝟗

𝟏, 𝟎𝟖𝟑, 𝟕𝟗𝟑 + 𝟓𝟑𝟗, 𝟐𝟗𝟖

Year 2020 𝟏 0.76
𝟏, 𝟓𝟗𝟕, 𝟏𝟗𝟗 + 𝟓𝟑𝟗, 𝟐𝟗𝟖 + {(𝟎 + 𝟎)𝐱 [ ]}
𝟏 − 𝟎.
𝟐𝟗
 4. Profitability Ratios

i. Gross Profit Margin

𝐆𝐫𝐨𝐬𝐬 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐟𝐢𝐭𝐬
Formula Gross Profit Margin =
𝐒𝐚𝐥𝐞𝐬
PSO
Attock Petroleum Gross Profit
Gross Profit Margin Petroleum
Ltd. Margin
Ltd.
𝟗,𝟕𝟒𝟑,𝟐𝟗𝟒,𝟎𝟎𝟎 5.5%
Year 2018 = 𝟏𝟕𝟕,𝟐𝟏𝟔,𝟕𝟑𝟕,𝟎𝟎𝟎 3.73%

𝟖,𝟐𝟐𝟏,𝟏𝟔𝟕,𝟎𝟎𝟎 3.7%
Year 2019 = 𝟐𝟐𝟑,𝟎𝟓𝟒,𝟑𝟓𝟐,𝟎𝟎𝟎 3.12%

𝟑,𝟔𝟑𝟕,𝟖𝟗𝟎,𝟎𝟎𝟎 1.8%
Year 2020 = 𝟐𝟎𝟏,𝟎𝟕𝟖,𝟕𝟐𝟎,𝟎𝟎𝟎 1.10%

ii. Operating Profit Margin

𝐎𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐟𝐢𝐭
Formula Operating Profit Margin =
𝐒𝐚𝐥𝐞𝐬
PSO
Attock Petroleum Operating
Operating Profit Margin Petroleum
Ltd. Profit Margin
Ltd.

𝟖,𝟎𝟖𝟓,𝟑𝟐𝟓,𝟎𝟎𝟎 4.6%
Year 2018 3.14%
= 𝟏𝟕𝟕,𝟐𝟏𝟔,𝟕𝟑𝟕,𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝟓,𝟕𝟎𝟖,𝟑𝟕𝟓,𝟎𝟎𝟎 2.5%
Year 2019 2.39%
= 𝟐𝟐𝟑,𝟎𝟓𝟒,𝟑𝟓𝟐,𝟎𝟎𝟎
 𝟏,𝟎𝟖𝟑,𝟕𝟗𝟑,𝟎𝟎𝟎 0.54%
Year 2020
= 𝟐𝟎𝟏,𝟎𝟕𝟖,𝟕𝟐𝟎,𝟎𝟎𝟎 0.89%

iii. Net Profit Margin

𝐄𝐚𝐫𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐬 𝐚𝐯𝐚𝐢𝐥𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐨𝐧 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐜𝐤𝐡𝐨𝐥𝐝𝐞𝐫𝐬

Formula Net Profit Margin =
𝐒𝐚𝐥𝐞𝐬
PSO
Attock Petroleum Net Profit
Net Profit Margin Petroleum
Ltd. Margin
Ltd.

Year 2018 𝟓,𝟔𝟓𝟔,𝟑𝟒𝟗,𝟎𝟎𝟎 3.2% 1.45%

= 𝟏𝟕𝟕,𝟐𝟏𝟔,𝟕𝟑𝟕,𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝟑,𝟗𝟔𝟎,𝟔𝟎𝟔,𝟎𝟎𝟎 1.8%
Year 2019 = 𝟐𝟐𝟑,𝟎𝟓𝟒,𝟑𝟓𝟐,𝟎𝟎𝟎 0.92%

𝟏,𝟎𝟎𝟖,𝟐𝟗𝟒,𝟎𝟎𝟎 50.1%
Year 2020 = (0.58) %
𝟐𝟎𝟏,𝟎𝟕𝟖,𝟕𝟐𝟎,𝟎𝟎𝟎

iv. Earnings Per Share

𝐄𝐚𝐫𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐬 𝐚𝐯𝐚𝐢𝐥𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐨𝐧 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐜𝐤𝐡𝐨𝐥𝐝𝐞𝐫𝐬

Formula Earnings Per Share =
𝐍𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫 𝐨𝐟 𝐬𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐨𝐧 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐜𝐤 𝐨𝐮𝐭𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐠

PSO
Attock Petoleum Earnings Per
Earnings Per Share Petroleum
Ltd. Share
Ltd.

Year 2018 𝟓,𝟔𝟓𝟔,𝟑𝟒𝟗,𝟎𝟎𝟎 Rs 72.6 Rs 32.9

= 𝟕𝟕,𝟗𝟒𝟒,𝟎𝟎𝟎

Year 2019 𝟑,𝟗𝟔𝟎,𝟔𝟎𝟔,𝟎𝟎𝟎 Rs 41.9 Rs 22.5

= 𝟗𝟒,𝟓𝟑𝟐,𝟖𝟎𝟎

Year 2020 𝟏,𝟎𝟎𝟖,𝟐𝟗𝟒,𝟎𝟎𝟎 Rs 10.7 Rs (13.7)

= 𝟗𝟒,𝟓𝟑𝟐,𝟖𝟎𝟎

v. Return on Total Assets

𝐄𝐚𝐫𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐬 𝐚𝐯𝐚𝐢𝐥𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐨𝐧 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐜𝐤𝐡𝐨𝐥𝐝𝐞𝐫𝐬

Formula Return on Total Assets =
𝐓𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐀𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐭𝐬
 PSO
Attock Petroleum Return on Total
Return on Total Assets Petroleum
Ltd. Assets
Ltd.

𝟓,𝟔𝟓𝟔,𝟑𝟒𝟗,𝟎𝟎𝟎 12.2%
Year 2018 4%
= 𝟒𝟔,𝟏𝟑𝟏,𝟑𝟐𝟔,𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝟑,𝟗𝟔𝟎,𝟔𝟎𝟔,𝟎𝟎𝟎 8.5%
Year 2019 = 𝟒𝟔,𝟒𝟎𝟐,𝟕𝟏𝟐,𝟎𝟎𝟎 3.3%

𝟏,𝟎𝟎𝟖,𝟐𝟗𝟒,𝟎𝟎𝟎 2%
Year 2020 = 𝟓𝟏,𝟐𝟑𝟖,𝟑𝟑𝟐,𝟎𝟎𝟎 -3.95%

vi. Return on Common Equity

Formula Return on Common Equity =

𝐄𝐚𝐫𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐬 𝐚𝐯𝐚𝐢𝐥𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐨𝐧 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐜𝐤𝐡𝐨𝐥𝐝𝐞𝐫𝐬
𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐨𝐧 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐜𝐤 𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐭𝐲

Return on PSO
Attock Petroleum
Return on Common Equity Common Petroleum
Ltd.
Equity Ltd.

Year 2018 𝟓,𝟔𝟓𝟔,𝟑𝟒𝟗,𝟎𝟎𝟎 30.7% 14%

= 𝟏𝟖,𝟒𝟏𝟕,𝟔𝟔𝟐,𝟎𝟎𝟎
Year 2019 𝟑,𝟗𝟔𝟎,𝟔𝟎𝟔,𝟎𝟎𝟎 20.9% 11.8%
= 𝟏𝟖,𝟗𝟐𝟔,𝟕𝟑𝟓,𝟎𝟎𝟎
Year 2020 𝟏,𝟎𝟎𝟖,𝟐𝟗𝟒,𝟎𝟎𝟎 5.5% -13%
= 𝟏𝟖,𝟒𝟒𝟔,𝟎𝟐𝟏,𝟎𝟎𝟎

5. Market ratios

i. Price/Earnings (P/E) Ratio

Formula 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐞𝐭 𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐞 𝐩𝐞𝐫 𝐬𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐨𝐧 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐜𝐤

Price/Earnings (P/E) Ratio = 𝐄𝐚𝐫𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐬 𝐩𝐞𝐫 𝐬𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐞

PSO
Attock Petroleum Price/Earnings
Petroleum
Ltd. Price/Earnings (P/E) Ratio (P/E) Ratio
Ltd.
 Year 2018 𝟓𝟐𝟐 7.2 X 9.7X
= 𝟕𝟐.𝟔
Year 2019 𝟑𝟒𝟐.𝟓 8.2 X 7.5X
= 𝟒𝟏.𝟗

Year 2020 𝟑𝟎𝟐 28.2 X (11.5) X

= 𝟏𝟎.𝟕

ii. Market/Book (M/B) Ratio

Formula 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐞𝐭 𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐞 𝐩𝐞𝐫 𝐬𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐨𝐧 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐜𝐤

Market/Book (M/B) Ratio = 𝐁𝐨𝐨𝐤 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞 𝐩𝐞𝐫 𝐬𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐨𝐧 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐜𝐤
PSO
Attock Petroleum Market/Book Petroleum
Ltd. Market/Book (M/B) Ratio
(M/B) Ratio Ltd.

Year 2018 𝟓𝟐𝟐 2.2X 1.4X

= 𝟐𝟑𝟔.𝟑
Year 2019 𝟑𝟒𝟐.𝟓 1.71X 0.7X
= 𝟐𝟎𝟎.𝟐
Year 2020 𝟑𝟎𝟐 1.55X 0.7X
= 𝟏𝟗𝟓.𝟏𝟑