Angular momentum

Moment of linear momentum

The sum of the moments of linear momentum of all the particles

of a rotating rigid body about the axis of rotation is called its
angular momentum about that axis.
B
C P
r
Using the expansion of triple cross product, A x (B x C) = { (C.A) B – (B.A) C }, we
get
Moment of inertia of a body
Moment of inertia

In translatory motion the mass of a body is a measure of its inertia. In rotational motion
moment of inertia is a measure of rotational inertia.

Inertia of a body depends only upon its mass.

But moment of inertia of a body depends upon

(1) Mass
(2) the distribution of mass of the body
(3) position and direction of axis of rotation
 Torque
( moment of force)
Analogy between linear and rotational motion
The angular momentum of rotation of a body is 3.14 Js and its rate of rotation
is 10 revolutions per second. Compute the moment of inertia of the body.
 Theorems of moment of inertia

i) Theorem of Parallel Axes

ii) Theorem of perpendicular axes

Consider a plane lamina rotating about an axis passing through it.
Let O be the centre of mass of the plane lamina and M be the mass.
Let AB be an axis in the plane of the lamina and CD another axis parallel to AB and
passing through O.

I
Principle or Theorem of Perpendicular axes
Theorem of Perpendicular axes

According to this theorem, the M.I. of a plane lamina about an axis perpendicular to its
plane is equal to the sum of the M.I. of the lamina about two axes at right angles to
each other in the plane of the lamina and passing through the point where the
perpendicular axis intersects the lamina.
Let OX and OY be two mutually perpendicular axes in the plane of the lamina, intersecting
each other at O .
Proof:
Hence the theorem.

The theorem is thus true for perpendicular axes in the plane of the lamina. Hence the
theorem holds good for any rigid body.