XCMG QY70K Truck Crane Maintenance Manual PDF

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\_8;F- Ⅻ Rruaf Arlcn Iloctnclcan Ilculj
Adctncts
....................................................................................................................................................Ⅱ
[rnglan..........................................................................................................................................................
[rnglan......
Amptnr < Alutodcs dc Arlcn Iloctnclcan lcb Qnrvoan
Qnrvoan .............................................................................
............................................................................. <-<
Amptnr 0 Iloctnclcan lcb Qnrvoan dc Jogtoch Dpnrltodc ..........................................................................

.......................................................................... 0-<
0-< @ddi lcb tnjnsadpoch systni .....................................................................................................

..................................................................................................... 0-<
0-<-< [lrt gucatodc .........................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
.................................. 0-<
0-<-0 Xdrfoch procaopjn ..................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................
................. 0-<
0-<-1 Dpnrltodc lcb iloctnclcan.................................................................................................... 0-<
0-0 Xocam systni ...............................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................... 0->
0-0-< [lrt gucatodc .........................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
.................................. 0->
0-0-0 Xdrfoch procaopjn lcb struaturn ............................................................................................. 0->

0-0-1 Dpnrltodc lcb iloctnclcan.................................................................................................... 0-8
0-1 Qjnwoch roch .................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................. 0-=
0-1-< [lrt gucatodc .........................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
.................................. 0-=
0-1-0 Xdrfoch procaopjn lcb struaturn ............................................................................................. 0-=
0-1-1 Lxolj ajnlrlcan lcb rlbolj ajnlrlcan ...................................................................................... 0-=
0-2 Qwoch systni ..............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................
................. 0-?
0-2-< [lrt gucatodc .........................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
.................................. 0-?
0-2-0 Xdrfoch procaopjn lcb struaturn ............................................................................................. 0-?
0-2-1 Dpnrltodc lcb iloctnclcan.................................................................................................. 0-<;

0-> Mybrlujoa puip ..........................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
............... 0-<<
0->-< [lrt gucatodc .........................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................
................................ 0-<<
0->-0 Xdrfoch procaopjn lcb struaturn ........................................................................................... 0-<<
0-7 Mybrlujoa idtdr .........................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................
................................ 0-<1
0-7-< [lrt gucatodc .........................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................
................................ 0-<1
0-7-0 Xdrfoch procaopjn lcb struaturn ........................................................................................... 0-<1
0-7-1 Rrdu`jns lcb trdu`jnsmddtoch ............................................................................................... 0-<2
0-8 Pdtlry ùggnr vljvn ....................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................... 0-<2
0-8-< [lrt gucatodc .........................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................
................................ 0-<2
0-8-0 Xdrfoch procaopjn lcb struaturn ........................................................................................... 0-<2
Adctncts O

0-= Mdost aductnr`ljlcan vljvn .............................................................................................

........................................................................................................
........... 0-<7
0-=-< [lrt gucatodc .........................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................... 0-<7
0-=-0 Xdrfoch procaopjn lcb struaturn ........................................................................................... 0-<7
0-=-1 Xdrfoch procaopjn lcb struaturn ........................................................................................... 0-<7

0-? Iujto-wly amlchn vljvn .................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
........... 0-<=
0-?-< [lrt gucatodc .........................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................... 0-<=
0-?-0 Xdrfoch procaopjn lcb struaturn ........................................................................................... 0-<=
0-?-1 Boslssni`jy lcb rnlssni`jy ............................................................................................... 0-0;
0-<; Rnjnsadpoch
Rnjnsadpoch aductnr`ljlcan vljvn spddj.......................................................................
spddj..................................................................................
........... 0-0<
0-<;-< [lrt gucatodc ...........................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................
............................ 0-0<
0-<;-0 Xdrfoch procaopjn lcb struaturn ......................................................................................... 0-0<
0-<;-1 Dpnrltodc lcb iloctnclcan................................................................................................ 0-00
0-<< Rnjnsadpoch
Rnjnsadpoch ayjocbnr ...................................................................
................................................................................................................
............................................. 0-01
0-<<-< [lrt gucatodc ...........................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................
............................ 0-01
Xdrfoch procaopjn lcb struaturn dg tnjnsadpoch ayjocbnr Ⅻ ............................................... 0-01

0-<<-0 Xdrfoch
Xdrfoch procaopjn lcb struaturn dg tnjnsadpoch ayjocbnr Ⅼ ............................................... 0-0>

0-<<-1 Xdrfoch
0-<<-2 Boslssni`jy lcb rnlssni`jy.............................................................................................. 0-07
0-<0 Njnvltoch ayjocbnr ........................................................................................

....................................................................................................................
............................ 0-08
0-<0-< [lrt gucatodc ...........................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................
............................ 0-08
0-<0-0 Xdrfoch procaopjn lcb struaturn ......................................................................................... 0-08
0-<0-1 Boslssni`jy lcb rnlssni`jy ............................................................................................. 0-0=
0-<1 Njnatroa systni iloctnclcan lcb samnins ..............................................................................

.............................................................................. 0-0=
0-<2 Mybrlujoa systni procaopjn samnin ......................................................................................... 0-21
Amlptnr 1 Doj ..............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. 1-<
1-< Mybrlujoa doj ...................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................
............. 1-<
1-0 Hnlr doj .........................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................
............................................... 1-1
1-1 Hrnlsn ..........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................... 1-2
1-2 Doj adiplrosdc ...............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................
............. 1-7
1-> Bospdslj dg wlstn doj lcb lctogrnnzn ...........

............................................................................................
................................................................................. 1-7
Amlptnr 2 Adiidc trdu`jns lcb trdu`jnsmddtoch ..................................................................................... 2-<
2-< Adiidc trdu`jns lcb trdu`jnsmddtoch ........................................................................................ 2-<
2-0 Xorn rdpn rnpjlaninct .................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................. 2-=
Ⅼ Adctncts

2-0-< Xorn rdpn rnpjlaninct stlcblrb ............................................................................................. 2-=
2-0-0 Pnquorninct dc tmn worn rdpn `ngdrn ocstljjltodc .................................................................. 2-=
2-0-1 Xorn rdpn rnpjlaninct ..........................................................................................

...........................................................................................................
................. 2-=
2-1 Doj rnturc ﬌jtnr ...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
................................ 2-<1
2-1-< Cdtns dc dpnrltodc ...............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................... 2-<1
2-1-0 Pnpjlaninct intmdb ............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................ 2-<1
2-2 Jocn doj ﬌jtnr (rnpjlan ﬌jtnr njninct) ......................................................................................... 2-<>
Amlptnr > Lppncbox ..................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................
................. >-<
>-< Iloc plrts jost ..............................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. >-<
>-0 Xnlr
Xnlr plrts jost ............................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
.................................. >-0
Rdtlj plhns ...................................................................................................................................................8?

...................................................................................................................................................8?
Adctncts OOO

[rnglan
Rmos iloctnclcan ilculj os suotl`jn gdr \_8;F-O truaf arlcn.

Rmos iloctnclcan ilculj bnsaro`ns iloctnclcan lcb snrvoan intmdbs dg \_8;F-O truaf arlcn
(mnrnoclgtnr aljjnb arlcn). Ot lois lt ucbnrstlcboch nlam iloc plrts pnrgdrilcan lcb wdrfoch procaopjn
sd ls td usn lcb iloctloc tmos arlcn `nttnr, hovn gujj rnoc td tmn arlcn mohm pnrgdrilcan, ocarnlsn arlcn's
wdrfoch ng ﬌aoncay
aoncay,, ncsurn slgn dpnrltodc lcb prdjdch snrvoan jogn.
Oc tmos ilculj, iloc plrts struaturn lcb procaopjn samnins lrn lttlamnb. Buroch iloctnclcan, usnrs
alc amnaf dut tmn iltnrolj adbns tmlt cnnb td `n rnpjlanb adcvnconctjy laadrboch td \_8;F-O Rruaf
Arlcn [lrts Altljdh.
Rmn iloctnclcan ilculj lcb suppjonb tnamcoalj bdauincts lrn plrts dg tmn arlcn, pjnlsn alrngujjy
prn snr vn tmo s ilc ulj bur och snr voa n pnr odb ls tmn d`j ohl tdr y `ls
`lsos
os dg usoch
us och lcb ilo ct
ctloc
loc och tmo s
arlcn. Gdr tmn plrts tmlt cnnb quljo ﬌nb pnrsdccnj td iloctloc lcb sohcnb oc tmn ilculj, tmny iust `n
iloctlocnb `y quljo﬌nb pnrsdccnj, usnrs mlvn cd rohmts td iloctloc, wn bdc't tlfn lcy rnspdcsoòjotons
bun td tmn cdcd`snrvlcan dg tmos ilculj.
Rmn arlcn mls l <0-idctm wlrrlcty grdi tmn bltn tmn ilamocn os bnjovnrnb td austdinrs. Xmnc
cnnb td iloctloc, dur quljo﬌nb pnrsdccnj wojj prdvobn snrvoan td tmn bddrstnp dr pjnlsn adin td dur
lppdoctnb snrvoan stltodcs gdr iloctnclcan.
Bun td tmn prdbuat idbo﬌altodc lcb oiprdvninct, wmlt bnsaro`nb oc tmos ilculj ily vlry grdi
tmn rnlj dcn. Xn rnsnrvn tmn rohmt td idbogy tmn bnsohc wotmdut cdtoan.
]ÛMD^ MNLW_
MNLW_ ILAMOCNP_
ILAMOCN P_ AD., JRB.
]ÛMD^ ADCQRPÂRODC ILAMOCNP_ HPD^[ AD., JRB. AMOCL
Lbb5 Cd.<7> Rdchsmlc Pdlb, ]uzmdu, Eolchsu [rdvocan, Amocl
Rnj5 +=7-><7-=1270020
+=7-><7-= 1270020 =12701>;
Glx5 +=7-><7-=127<77?
[dst Adbn5 00<;;2
Qnrvoan Rnj5 +=7-><7-=127<<=1
Qnrvoan Glx5 +=7-><7-=127<

+=7-><7-=127<<=;
<=;
Qplrn [lrts Rn
Rnj5
j5 +=7-><7-=127<>20
Gorst nbotodc, Ily 0;<<
[rnglan Ⅱ

Amlptnr < Alutodcs dc Arlcn Iloctnclcan lcb Qnrvoan Amlptnr <
Alutodcs dc arlcn iloctnclcan lcb snrvoan5

• @n slgn buroch arlcn iloctnclcan lcb snrvoan. Jdlboch lcb cd-jdlb dpnrltodc iust `n stdppnb
buroch iloctlococh, ot os gdròbbnc td rnplor arlcn buroch dpnrltodc.
• Dcjy trlocnb lcb quljo﬌nb pnrsdccnj alc iloctloc tmos arlcn.
• Cnvnr pnrgdri lcy iloctnclcan wdrf wmnc tmn dpnrltdr os ucl`jn td bd wdrf cdriljjy bun td
`lb mnljtm
mnljt m dr bro
brocfoch
cfoch ljadmdj
ljad mdj dr ttlfoch
lfoch inbo
inboaocn.
aocn.
• Lcy oiprdpnr iloctnclcan dr alsuljcnss

alsuljcnss wojj alusn oceurn dr bnltm dg pnrsdcs lcb blilhn td tmn
arlcn.
• Adipjy wotm rdlb trlvnj lcb arlcn dpnrltoch rnhujltodcs oc tmn pjlan wmnrn ydu lrn wdrfoch.
• @ngdrn arlcn iloctnclcan, og tmn dutrohhnrs cnnb td `n nxtncbnb, ncsurn tmnrn os cd d`stlajn
lrducb buroch dpnrltodc, tmn dutrohhnr mybrlujoa systni alccdt `n iloctlocnb lgtnr nxtncsodc.
• @ngdrn pnrgdri iloctnclcan, adc ﬌ri tmlt tmn ilamocn mls `nnc snt up wnjj, lcb l wlrcoch `dlrb
dg "Oc iloctnclcan, cd dpnrltodc" oc tmn brovnr's al` iust `n prnsnct.
• @ngdrn pnrgdri iloctnclcan, fcdw tmn vnmoajn adcbotodc lcb trdu`jns jnst blchnrs daaur buroch
iloctnclcan.
• [nrsdclj prdtnatovn nquopincts suam ls spnatlajns, prdtnatovn ajdtmoch lcb slgnty smdns mls td `n
wdrc buroch iloctnclcan.
• @ngdrn smnnt-intlj wdrfoch lcb wnjboch dpnrltodc, snrvoan pnrsdc smdujb cdt dcjy ajnlr tmn
adiùsto`jn lcb nxpjdsovn dènats lrducb wdrfoch sotn, ùt ljsd amnaf wmntmnr ﬌rn-﬌hmtoch nquopincts
(﬌rn nxtochuosmnr, nta.) lrn wnjj eust oc alsn.

• [rodr td boslssni`joch popnjocns, adccnatdrs dr rnjltnb plrts, rnjnlsn tmn prnssurn oc tmni td
prnvnct oceury
o ceury td pnrsdclj. Cnvnr amnaf jnlflhn dg prnssur
prnssurnn wotm ml
mlcb.
cb.
• Oc drbnr td lvdob saljb, wltam dut gdr sadramoch plrts lcb popnjocns ls wnjj ls joquob lcb hls oc
popnjocns lcb alvotons.

alvot ons.
• Mybrlujoa doj os tdxoa lcb ffliil`jn. Qtdrn ot oc l pjlan wmnrn amojbrnc lrn cdt jofnjy td rnlam.
• Lvdob `rnltmoch nvlpdrltovn niossodc dr adctlat usnb doj gdr l jdch toin. Ajnlc sfoc wotm sdlp
lcb wltnr ls sddc ls pdsso`jn lgtnr tduamoch doj. Og tmnrn os doj nctnroch octd nyns, rocsn wotm wltnr gdr <>
iocutns lcb tmnc vosot l bdatdr.
• Iloctnclcan cdt laadrboch td rnquorninct ily rnsujt oc blilhn dg adipdcncts lcb ocarnlsn tmn
rosf dg vnmoajn laaobncts.
Alutodcs dc Arlcn Iloctnclcan lcb Qnrvoan <-<


Amlptnr <
Rmn `ddis lrn ilbn dg mohm strnchtm stnnj, sd spnaolj rnplor intmdb os cnnbnb. [jnlsn adcsujt
ydur bostroùtdr.
• Ot os gdròbbnc td bd wnjboch wmnc tmn vnmoajn os njnatrognrdus. @ngdrn wnjboch, rnidvn tmn
al`jnn ( ＆) lcb cnhltovn al`jn (）) grdi `lttnry. Buroch wnjboch tmn bostlcan `ntwnnc nlrtmoch
pdsotovnn al`j
pdsotov
pdoct lcb wnjboch pdoct smdujb `n ls smdrt ls pdsso`

pdsso`jn,
jn, tmn bostlcan alccdt nxannb >;;ii lcb alccdt
strobn dvnr adiputnr `dlrb, lgtnr wnjboch nlam pjuh smdujb `n pjuhnb wnjj lcb snljochs lrn lssni`jnb
wnjj.
• Rmn blilhn dg arlcn `ddi dr eo` wojj alusn snrodus laaobncts. Amdrb blilhn, poc smlgt `ncboch
dr jdst dr wnjbs arlafoch wojj ljj wnlfnc tmn strnchtm dg jlttoan `ddi lcb `ddis. Amnaf arlcn `ddis
blojy td amnaf wmntmnr tmny lrn blilhnb. Arlcns wotm blilhnb `ddis lrn cdt ljjdwnb td dpnrltn.
• Pnplor dr lbeust tmn arlcn wotm jdlbs dc mddf `jdaf dr `ddi nxtncbnb, ot ily alusn blchnrdus
idvninct lcb laaobnct.
• @ngdrn snrvoan dr iloctnclcan, jdwnr tmn jdlbs dctd tmn hrducb lcb jdwnr tmn `ddi dc prdpnr
`rlafnt.
• Rmn prnssurn oc mybrlujoa systni wojj fnnp l jdch pnrodb, sd rnjnlsn tmn systni prnssurn `ngdrn
lbeustoch dr iloctnclcan. Og cdt rnjnlsn prnssurn rnlsdcl`jy `ngdrn snrvoan, ot wojj alusn blchnrdus
idvnincts dr mdt doj nenatodc oc mohm spnnb lcb subbnc nenatodc dg popn adccnatodc.
<-
<-0
0 Al
Alut
utod
odcs
cs d
dc
c Ar
Arlc
lcnn Iloc
Iloctn
tncl
clca
cann lc
lcb
b Qn
Qnrv
rvoa
oann

Amlptnr <
<-1

Amlptnr <
<-2

Amlptnr 0 Iloctnclcan lcb Qnrvoan dc Jogtoch Dpnrltodc
0-< @ddi lcb tnjnsadpoch systni

Amlptnr 0
0-<-< [lrt gucatodc
<. @ddi lcb ots tnjnsadpoch systni
@ddi os tmn iloc adipdcnct td wmoam gdran os lppjonb6 ot `nlrs jdlbs wnohmt lcb wocb jdlb buroch
jogtoch dpnrltodc. Rnjnsadpoch
Rnjnsadpoch systni rnljozns tmn `ddi jnchtm amlchoch.
0. Rnjnsadpoch `ljlcan vljvn spddj
Rnjnsadpoch `ljlcan vljvn spddj oc tmn tnjnsadpoch systni alc prnvnct rntrlatodc dg tmn ayjocbnr
wmnc tmn adctrdj jnvnr os oc tmn cnutrlj pdsotodc, ùt ljsd lvdob tmn pmncdincdc dg ruclwly dg tmn
`ddi rntr
rntrlato
latoch
ch spnn
spnnbb alus
alusnb
nb `y jogt och jdlbs
jdlb s wmnc tmn jnvnr os oc tmn rntrlato
rntr latodc
dc pdso todc
todc.. @nso bns,
tnjnsadpoch `ljlcan vljvn spddj ljsd mls tmn gucatodc dg prnvnctoch doj ayjocbnr rlpob rntrlatoch wmnc
tmn blilhn daaurs td mdsn dg `ddi tnjnsadpoch popnjocn.
0-<-0 Xdrfoch procaopjn

Rruaf arlcn mls govn `ddi snatodcs, tmn 0cb, 1rb, 2tm lcb >tm `ddi snatodcs brovnc `y twd
tnjnsadpoch ayjocbnrs tnjnsadpn snqunctoljjy lcb sycamrdcdusjy. Lgtnr tmn 0cb, 1rb, 2tm lcb >tm `ddi
snatodcs brovnc `y tnjnsadpoch ayjocbnr O nxtncb lt tmn slin toin, tmn 1rb, 2tm lcb >tm `ddi snatodcs
brovnc `y tnjnsadpoch ayjocbnr OO lcb worn rdpns nxtncb sycamrdcdusjy6 wmojn rntrlatoch, ﬌rst tmn 1rb,
2tm lcb >tm `ddi snatodcs brovnc `y tnjnsadpoch ayjocbnr OO lcb worn rdpns rntrlat sycamrdcdusjy, tmnc
tmn 0cb, 1rb, 2tm lcb >tm `ddi snatodcs brovnc `y tnjnsadpoch ayjocbnr O rntrlat lt tmn slin toin. Rmn
prnssurnn dg prnssur
prnssur prnssurn-joiotnb
n-joiotnb vljvn os lbeustnb td <=I[l oc drbnr td lvdob postdc rdb arddfoch `nalusn
dg tdd mohm prnssurn wmnc tmn `ddi os nxtncboch. @ljlcan vljvn os ﬌ttnb oc tmn doj aorauot oc drbnr td
fnnp tmn `ddi stnlby dr stdppoch slgnjy wmnc ot os rntrlatoch.
0-<-1 Dpnrltodc lcb iloctnclcan

<. Lbeustinct dg al`jns
^snrs smdujb amnaf lcb lbeust `ddi nxtncsodc lcb rntrlatodc nvnry idctm, `nalusn wmojn usoch
tmos arlcn, gdran os lppjonb td worn rdpns lcb al`jns oc tmn `ddi wdrfoch prdanss lcb ots jnchtm wojj
amlchn.
Og tmn `ddi bdns cdt nxtncb lcb rntrlat sycamrdcdusjy dr vo`rltodc lppnlrs, usnrs smdujb lbeust
oc toin lcb `nhoc dpnrltoch uctoj tmnsn pmncdincl boslppnlr
boslppnlr.. Dtmnrwosn, worn rdpns lcb al`jns wojj
rnidvn grdi tmn amutn lcb `n arlafnb sd ls td alusn snrodus rnsujts.
Iloctnclcan lcb Qnrvoan dc Jogtoch Dpnrltodc 0-<


[jnlsn bd pnrodboa lbeustincts oc drbnr td fnnp cdrilj dpnrltodc. Rmn intmdb os ls gdjjdwoch5
Dpnrltn tmn `ddi njnvltodc lchjn td 7; », fnnp nlam `ddi snatodc gujjy nxtncbnb lcb tmnc gujjy
rntrlatnb, rnpnlt gdr snvnrlj toins.
Nxtncb tmn 1rb, 2tm lcb >tm `ddi snatodcs gdr sdin bostlcan, lcb tmnc jdwnr tmn `ddis,
Amlptnr 0 sycamrdcdusjy lbeust tmn cut dc tmn tmoc al`jn OO dg >tm snatodc lcb cut dc tmn tmoc al`jn O dg 2tm `ddi
snatodc uctoj tmn 1rb, 2tm lcb >tm snatodcs tnjnsadpn soiujtlcndusjy wotm cd vo`rltodc. Rmnc tohmtnc tmn
cut dc tmoc al`jn, rngnr td Goh. 0-< lcb Goh. 0-0.
Goh. 0-< Rnjnsadpoch inamlcosi (`ddi mnlb)
0-0 Ilo
Iloctn
ctncl
clcan
can lcb
lcb Q
Qnrv
nrvoan
oan dc Jog
Jogtoc
toch
hDDpn
pnrlt
rltodc
odc

Amlptnr 0
Goh. 0-0 Ocstljjltodc pdsotodc dg `ddi mnlb
Xmnc tmn `ddis lrn gujjy rntrlatnb, og tmnrn os idrn tmlc <~0ii ajnlrlcan lt `ddi mnlb dr lidch
`ddis, pjnlsn lssni`jn sjobn `jdaf ooc

c grdc
grdctt dg `ddi mnlb,
mn lb, dtmn rwosn ot ily ocffuncan tmn lppjonb gdran
dtmnrwosn
td ayjocbnr lcb al`jns.
◄ Og `ddi smlfns wmojn lbeustoch, adlt sjoboch surglan dg sjobn `jdaf wotm hrnlsn.
◄ @ddi alccdt `n gujjy nxtncbnb lcb jdwnrnb buroch adltoch, rngnr td pnrgdrilcan pjltn dr tl`jn.
◄ Al`jns iust `n prnvnctnb rdtltoch wmnc tohmtncoch tmn cut.
Iloctnclcan lcb Qnrvoan dc Jogtoch Dpnrltodc 0-1


0. Lbeustinct dg sjobn `jdaf
Rmn sjobn `jdafs mlvn ljj `nnc lbeustnb wnjj wmnc tmn truaf arlcn os bnjovnrnb td adcsuinrs.
Buroch dpnrltodc, sjobn `jdafs ily `nadin tmocnr wotm l`rlsodc, sd lbeustinct os cnnbnb wmnc `ddi
arddfoch, jltnrlj jdlboch lcb bn ffnatodc ocarnlsoch `nalusn dg snrodus groatodclj blilhn dr sdin dtmnr
Amlptnr 0 rnlsdcs. Gdr tmn sjobn `jdaf dc `ddi mnlb, usnrs alc lbeust tmn `djt dc tmn `ddi mnlb `y tmnisnjvns td
adctrdj tmn ajnlrlcan6 gdr tmn sjobn `jdaf dc `ddi tloj, tmn ajnlrlcan iust `n adctrdjjnb `y boslssni`jn
`ddi td ocarnlsn dr bnarnlsn

bnarnls n tmn cui`nrs
cui` nrs dg w
wlsmnr
lsmnr ucbnr
ucb nr sjob
sjobnn `jdaf, rrngnr
ngnr td Goh. 0-1.
0-1 .
Goh. 0-1 Lbeustinct dg sjobn `jdaf
◄
Rmn `ddi smdujb `n gujjy rntrlatnb `ngdrn lbeustoch sjobn `jdaf dc `ddi mnlb.
◄ Rmn sjobn `jdaf dc `ddi tloj iust `n lbeustnb
lbeustnb `y trlocnb lcb quljo﬌nb pnrsdccnj.
0-2 Ilo
Iloctn
ctncl
clcan
can lcb
lcb Q
Qnrv
nrvoan
oan dc Jog
Jogtoc
toch
hDDpn
pnrlt
rltodc
odc

0-0 Xocam systni
0-0-< [lrt gucatodc

Xocam systni os tmn adctrdj plrt td rnljozn jdlb mdostoch lcb jdwnroch idvnincts tmrduhm worn
rdpn.
Amlptnr 0
0-0-0 Xdrfoch
Xdrfoch procaopjn lcb struaturn
Xocam systni adcsosts dg wocam brui lcb rnbuanr. Rmos rnbuanr os l 0-stlhn pjlcntlry hnlr rnbuanr
inamlcosi, lcb typn dg octnrclj ju`roaltodc os doj-`ltm ju`roaltodc. Rmn dutput smlgt dg rnbuanr os adccnatnb
wotm wocam brui tmrduhm `djts6 wnt `rlfn os ocstljjnb dc tmn ocput smlgt.
Goh. 0-2 Pnbuan `rlfn struaturn bolhrli
Iloctnclcan lcb Qnrvoan dc Jogtoch Dpnrltodc 0->


Cd. [lrt Clin \ty Pnilrf
< Quppdrtoch smlgt <
0 [ostdc <
1 Brovn smlgt <
Amlptnr 0
2 Qproch <7
> Pntlococh roch <
7 Qclp roch <
8 Pntlococh roch <
= Qclp roch <
? Octnrclj groatodc bosa 8
<; Nxtnrclj groatodc bosa =
<< Qproch =
<0 Quppdrtoch roch 0

<1 ]-roch <
<2 Quppdrtoch roch 0
<> ]-roch <
<7 D-roch <
Goh. 0-> Xocam rnbuanr struaturn bolhrli
0-7 Ilo
Iloctn
ctncl
clcan
can lcb
lcb Q
Qnrv
nrvoan
oan dc Jog
Jogtoc
toch
hDDpn
pnrlt
rltodc
odc

0-0-1 Dpnrltodc lcb iloctnclcan

<. Hncnrlj
Lgtnr wdrfoch, d`snrvn wmntmnr tmnrn os lcy doj jnlflhn dc tmn octnrglan dg `rlfn lcb idtdr lcb jddsn
`djts lcb
lcb sar
sarnws.
nws. B
Bnlj
nlj wotm
wotm tmn l`cdri
l`cdrilj
lj pmn
pmncdincl
cdincl oc toin.
toin.
Pnpjlan doj lgtnr l cnw vnmoajn wdrfs gdr <;; mdurs, lcb tmnc rnpjlan doj gdr tmn snadcb toin lgtnr >;;
Amlptnr 0
mdurs. Mnrnlgtnr rnpjlan ju`roaltodc doj nvnry <;;; mdurs dr dcn ynlr (rnpjlan doj nvnry ynlr og tmn vnmoajn
wdrfs cd idrn tmlc <;;; mdurs oc dcn ynlr). Ot os `nttnr td dpnrltn tmn arlcn gdr <> iocutns wmnc rnpjlaoch
doj sd ls td nxmlust ju`roaltnb doj.
0. Pnpjlaninct dg ju`roaltodc doj
Amnaf tmn doj jnvnj dg wocam rnbuanr wmnc arlcn os oc jnvnj stltn, rn ﬌jj ju`roaltodc doj oc toin. Pnpjlan
doj laadrboch td tmn gdjjdwoch prdanburns og cnansslry5
(<) [jlan l adctlocnr td ﬌jj usnb doj6
(0) Jddsn tmn doj jnvnj ocspnatodc pjuh6
(1) ^csarnw tmn sarnw pjuh dg doj bosamlrhn pdrt6
(2) Brloc tmn usnb doj octd prnplrnb adctlocnr6
(>) Bospdsn tmn wlstn doj oc ncvordcinctlj typn.
(7) Rohmtnc
Rohmtnc tmn ajnlcnb ssarnw
arnw pjuh dctd doj bosamlrhn pdrt6
(8) ^csarnw tmn sarnw pjuh dg doj ﬌jjoch pdrt6
(=) Gojj cnw doj wotm ffnxo`jn mdppnr uctoj tmn doj dutffdw grdi doj jnvnj ocspnatodc mdjn6
(?) Rohmtnc
Rohmtnc doj jnvnj ocspnatodc pjuh6
(<;) Pnidvn tmn mdppnr6
(<<) Qarnw oc tmn sarnw pjuh dg doj ﬌jjoch pdrt.


0-1 Qjnwoch roch
0-1-< [lrt gucatodc

Qjnwoch roch os l `nlroch bnvoan ﬌ttnb gdr tmn adccnatodc dg arlcn supnrstruaturn lcb arlcn alrronr.
Jdlb wnohmt lcb toppoch idinct dg supnrstruaturn sjnwoch plrt lrn ljj trlcsgnrrnb td arlcn alrronr
Amlptnr 0
tmrduhm sjnwoch roch buroch jogtoch dpnrltodc.
0-1-0 Xdrfoch
Rmn struaturn typn os 2-pdoct rdjjnr typn sjnwoch roch. Rmn dutnr aorajn dg tmn sjnwoch roch os adccnatnb
wotm turctl`jn lcb tmn occnr aorajn os adccnatnb wotm arlcn grlin. Qtnnj `ljj os ocstljjnb `ntwnnc tmn dutnr
lcb occnr aorajns td adctlat wotm aoraujlr lra sjoboch trlaf `y 2 pdocts, ot alc `nlr lxolj gdran, rlbolj gdran lcb
toppoch idinct lt tmn slin toin.
Rmn prn-tohmtncoch tdrqun dg tmn `djt os <0;7C.i ｓ0<20C.i. Amnaf ot lgtnr tmn sjnwoch `nlroch wdrfs
>;; mdurs lcb ju`roaltn sjoboch trlaf dcan nvnry <;;; mdurs.
0-1-1 Lxolj
Lxolj ajnlrlcan lcb rlbolj ajnlrlcan
Goh. 0-7 Qjnwoch roch struaturn
Otni
Pdjjnr Lxolj ajnlrlcan Plbolj ajnlrlcan
bolintnr
<2 = ; ;.;1ｓ;.< ;.;7ｓ;.0>
0-= Ilo
Iloctn
ctncl
clcan
can lcb
lcb Q
Qnrv
nrvoan
oan dc Jog
Jogtoc
toch
hDDpn
pnrlt
rltodc
odc

◄ Rmn `djts adccnatoch sjnwoch roch iust `n mohm strnchtm `djts, austdinrs smdujb ùy mohm
strnchtm `djts wmnc rnpjlaoch `djts td ncsurn tmn slgnty dg sjnwoch roch.
◄ Ju`roaltn tmn sjnwoch roch nvnry wnnf, ﬌jj doj octd ju`roaltoch cdzzjn wotm doj huc. Amlptnr 0
0-2 Qwoch systni
0-2-< [lrt gucatodc

Qwoch systni os tmn brovoch bnvoan td rnljozn supnrstruaturn sjnwoch idvninct.
0-2-0 Xdrfoch
Qjnwoch rnbuanr os ocstljjnb dc tmn turctl`jn6 tmos inamlcosi adcsosts dg sjnwoch rnbuanr lcb mybrlujoa
idtdr. Mohm-spnnb mybrlujoa idtdr brovns 1-stlhn pjlcntlry rnbuanr td dutput pdwnr tmrduhm pocodc, wmoam
bdns nxtnrclj insmoch latodc wotm tmn sjnwoch roch, ﬌xnb dc tmn grlin. Ots rnvdjutodc lcb rdtltodc brovn tmn
supnrstruaturn rdtltoch.
Rmn `rlfn oc swoch systni os iujto-bosa wnt `rlfn tmlt os oc adcstlct-ajdsnb stltn. Rmn `rlfn stlys
oc adcstlct-dpnc stltn wmnc tmn prnssurn doj os ﬌jjnb octd ot, sd tmn inamlcosi alc wdrf grnnjy. Qnn swoch
systni oc plrts altljdhun gdr struaturn jost.
Goh. 0-8 Qwoch systni struaturn
Iloctnclcan lcb Qnrvoan dc Jogtoch Dpnrltodc 0-?


0-2-1 Dpnrltodc lcb iloctnclcan

<. Hncnrlj
Amnaf tmn hnlrs dcan l wnnf, nspnaoljjy A m n a f d o j j n v n j d c j y w m n c sw o c h
amnaf doj jnlflhn lcb l`cdrilj cdosn nspnaoljjy. systni os oc stltodclry stltn lcb doj
[ly lttnctodc td liònct tnipnrlturn, ju`roaltoch tnipnrlturn os ajdsn td liònct tnipnrlturn.
Amlptnr 0
doj `rlcb lcb rnpjlaninct pnrodb.
0. Pnpjlaninct dg ju`roaltoch doj
Rmn gdjjdwoch prdanburns lrn suhhnstnb5
(<) ^csarnw tmn doj gojjoch pjuh tdhntmnr Bospdsn tmn wlstn doj oc ncvordcinctlj
wotm bopstoaf6 typn.
(0) Jddsn tmn doj bosamlrhn pjuh lcb
brloc tmn doj octd prnplrnb adctlocnr6
(1) @ngdrn rn﬌jjoch cnw doj, ajnlc tmn hnlr
inamlcosi wotm ffusmoch doj6

◄ ^suljjy tmn gdjjdwoch plrts iust `n
(2) Ajnlc tmn doj bosamlrhn pjuh lcb tohmtnc
rnpjlanb wmnc trdu`jn mlppncoch, tmnrilj
ot6
(>) Pn﬌jj cnw doj td tmn iobbjn pdsotodc dg dvnrjdlboch lcb iloctlococh bosa `rlfn5
rnilrfnb jnvnj6 bosa, sproch lcb snljoch.

(7) Qarnw dc tmn doj pjuh lcb bopstoaf. ◄ Rmn swoch rnbuanr mls naanctroa
lbeustoch gucatodc, rdtltn swoch rnbuanr
ocstljjltodc pdsotodc td lbeust insmoch
ajnlrlcan wmnc tmn ajnlrlcan os oiprdpnr.
0-<; Iloc
Iloctncl
tnclcan
can lcb Qnrv
Qnrvoan
oan dc Jogto
Jogtoch
ch Dpn
Dpnrltod
rltodc
c

0-> Mybrlujoa puip
0->-< [lrt gucatodc

Mybrlujoa puip os tmn njninct tmlt trlcsjltns inamlcoalj ncnrhy dutput `y proin idvnr octd
mybrlujoa prnssurn ncnrhy, ot os usnb td suppjy prnssurn doj gdr mybrlujoa systni, tmn mnlrt dg mybrlujoa
Amlptnr 0
systni.
0->-0 Xdrfoch
<. Qtruaturn dg mybrlujoa puip
@lsoaljjy ot os ilbn up dg twd hnlr puips adccnatoch `y l adupjnr, tmn sobn pjltn alc idvn
`na lus n ot
otss ocs obn os ocgju
oc gju nca nb `y doj bos aml rho ch prnss
pr nss urn,
ur n, tm
tmnn ajn lrlca
lr lca n dc hnl r so
sobn
bn gla n alc
rntloc suotl`jn boincsodc s d ls td fnnp mohm vdjuintr oa nggoaoncay

nggoaoncay..
0. Xdrfoch
Xdrfoch procaopjn dg hnlr puip5
= os mdusoch, > lcb 7 lrn ncb advnrs, < lcb 0 lrn l plor dg ocvdjutn hnlrs snljnb oc tmn mdusoch,
ocvdjutn os amdsnc ls tmn smlpn dg hnlrs, 1 os brovnc smlgt, proin idvnr (nchocn-[RD) brovns hnlr
puip
pui p ttd
d rrdtl
dtltn
tn tmrduh
tmr duhm
m brov
b rov och hnl
hnlrr ssmlg
mlgtt 2.
2.
Og tmn brovoch hnlr 0 rdtltns lctoajdafwosn ls tmn lrrdwmnlb smdwc oc tmn gohurn, tmn brovnc
hnlr < wmoam os insmoch wotm ot rdtltns ajdafwosn. @nalusn tmn hnlrs lrn snljnb oc tmn mdusoch
lcb tmn tddtm surglans insm nlam dtmnr, twd osdjltnb amli`nrs l lcb ` lrn gdrinb oc tmn puip. Oc
tmn rdtltoch prdanss, tmn vdjuin dg amli`nr l bnarnlsns pnrodboaljjy lcb tmn vdjuin dg amli`nr
` oc
ocarn
arn lsn s pnr odb oal jjy.
jj y. Dc adc boto
bo todc
dc tmlt
tm lt tmn
tm n wmd jn pui p, oca ju
juboc
boc h aml i`nrs
i` nrs l lcb
lc b ` lr
lrnn lj
ljjj
gojjnb wotm doj, amli`nr l `nadins bosamlrhn amli`nr, amli`nr ` `nadins suatodc amli`nr.
Xmnc tmn brovoch hnlr os rdtltoch adctocudusjy, amli`nr ` suafs doj lcb amli`nr l bosamlrhns doj
adctocudusjy, lcb tmnc adctocudus bospjlaninct os `rduhmt `y hnlr puip. Og tmn brovoch hnlr rdtltns
oc rnvnrsn bornatodc, tmnc amli`nr l os suatodc amli`nr lcb amli`nr ` os bosamlrhn amli`nr.
Rmn wdrfoch procaopjn dg hnlr puips alc `n suiilroznb ls tmn gdjjdwoch tmrnn pdocts5
(<) Qdin lortohmt doj amli`nrs iust `n gdrinb6 (0) Rmn amli`nrs smdujb `n bovobnb octd mohm
prnssu
prn ssu rn aml
amli`nr
i`nr lcb jdw prnss
prn ssurn
urn amli`n
aml i`nr6
r6 (1) Lortoh
Lor toh mt vdjuin
vdj uin dg tmn doj amli`n
aml i`nrs
rs ius
iustt amlchn
aml chn
adctocudusjy. Rmos os tmn adiidc wdrfo ch procaopjn dg vdjuintroa puip (dr idtdr). Og tmn mybrluj
mybrlujoa
oa
puip iust
i ust `n
` n rnpjlanb,
rnpj lanb, pl
plyy lttnc
lttnctodc
todc ttd
d tmn adctlioclt
adctliocltodc
odc dg tmn systni
sy stni oc tmn prdanss dg bo
bosiductoc
siductoch
h
lcb rniductoch lcb try td iocoiozn tmn adctliocltodc. Rmn doj pdrts smdujb `n advnrnb wotm pjlstoa
ajdtm. Lgtnr gocosmoch tmn ocstljjltodc dg cnw doj puip, mybrlujoa doj iust `n gojjnb oc grdi tmn twd
prnssurnn doj pdrts dg ttmn

prnssur mn pui
puipp uct
uctoj
oj tm
tmnn doj tlcf ooss gu
gujj.
jj. Xmnc
Xm nc tmn popnjocns lrn adccnatnb,
ad ccnatnb, tmn doj
do j pui
puipp
alc wdrf lgtnr rdtltoch gdr <> iocutns dg objn spnnb.
Iloctnclcan lcb Qnrvoan dc Jogtoch Dpnrltodc 0-<<


Amlptnr 0
Goh. 0-= Xdrfoch procaopjn dg hnlr puip
Cd. Clin Cd. Clin Cd. Clin
< Brovnc hnlr 0 Brovoch hnlr 1 Brovnc smlgt

2 Brovoch smlgt >＊7 Advnrs 8 Fny
= Mdusoch
0-<0 Iloc
Iloctncl
tnclcan
can lcb Qnrv
Qnrvoan
oan dc Jogto
Jogtoch
ch Dpn
Dpnrltod
rltodc
c

0-7 Mybrlujoa idtdr
0-7-< [lrt gucatodc

Mybrlujoa idtdr wotm `ncb lxolj postdc typn bnsohc os vlrol`jn idtdr. Ot os tmn nxnautovn njninct
dg systni tmlt os rnspdcso`jn td amlchn mybrlujoa ncnrhy octd inamlcoalj ncnrhy.
ncnrhy.
Amlptnr 0
0-7-0 Xdrfoch
Rmn mybrlujoa idtdr wdrfs wmnc lc ocajocltodc nxosts `ntwnnc ayjocbnr lcb dutput smlgt. Amlchoch
tmn ocajocltodc `ntwnnc ayjocbnr lcb dutput smlgt alc amlchn tmn doj suatodc qulctoty dg mybrlujoa idtdr
oc drbnr td amlchn tmn rdtltodc spnnb lcb tdrqun dg tmn idtdr (snn tmn ﬌hurn). Rmn tdrqun dg mybrlujoa
idtdr bnpncbs dc ots wdrfoch vdjuin, ocput prnssurn lcb ffdw

dw.. Xmnc ocput prnssurn os anrtloc, wdrfoch
vdjuin os jlrhnr, tdrqun dg mybrlujoa idtdr os òhhnr. Xmnc ocput ffdw os anrtloc, wdrfoch vdjuin os
siljjnr, rdtltodc spnnb dg mybrlujoa idtdr os mohmnr. Rmos os tmn `lsoa wdrfoch procaopjn dg vlrol`jn
mybrlujoa idtdr.
Goh. 0-? Mybrlujoa idtdr
Iloctnclcan lcb Qnrvoan dc Jogtoch Dpnrltodc 0-<1


0-7-1 Rrdu`jns lcb trdu`jnsmddtoch

<. Cd prnssurn oc mybrlujoa idtdr
Dpnc tmn jnlflhn doj popn dg tmn idtdr td amnaf tmn jnlflhn. Rmn idtdr wotmdut trdu`jns mls vnry
jdw jnlflhn, og tmn jnlflhn os mohm, trdu`jns dg cd prnssurn wojj `n alusnb.

0. Jdlbs alccdt `n njnvltnb wotm cdrilj prnssurn lcb cd idtdr jnlflhn.
Amlptnr 0
Rmn vlrol`jn inamlcosi dg idtdr os dut dg drbnr, dr tmn `djts lrn lbeustnb ocadrrnatjy.
0-8 Pdtlry @uggnr Wljvn
0-8-< [lrt gucatodc

@uggnr `rlfoch dc tmn swoch inamlcosi alc jdwnr tmn ocnrtol qulctui wmojn `rnlfoch oc tmn stltn dg
mnlvy jdlbs.
0-8-0 Xdrfoch
Pdtlry ùggnr vljvn os td dvnrgjdw lcb adcsuin ncnrhy dg swoch mybrlujoa systni, ot alc cdt
dcjy ilfn tmn arlcn swoch inamlcosi `rlfn oc toin, ljsd tmn `rlfoch prdanss os cdt tdd `rong sd ls td
lamonvn tmn nggnat dg swoch, `rlfn lcb ùggnroch.
Goh. 0-<;
0-<2 Iloc
Iloctncl
tnclcan
can lcb Qnrv
Qnrvoan
oan dc Jogto
Jogtoch
ch Dpn
Dpnrltod
rltodc
c

< [rnssurn vljvn 0 Wljvn `dby 1 Amnaf vljvn

2 Qnljoch roch > [juh
<. Pnvnrsn rdtltoch pdsotodc Amlptnr 0
Oc cnutrlj pdsotodc, mybrlujoa adctrdj amlchn vljvn os oc `rlfoch stltn. Xmnc tmn swoch pojdt
adctrdj jnvnr oc tmn dpnrltdr's al` os pujjnb dutsobn, tmnrn os njnatroaoty oc prdpdrtodclj sdjncdob vljvn
sd ls td fnnp swoch amlchn vljvn oc tmn jngt pdsotodc ls tmn ﬌hurn smdws. Rmn prnssurn doj ffdws grdi
[ td L, L tmlt adccnats wotm sjnwoch idtdr brovns turctl`jn rdtltoch td tmn jngt dg tmn truaf arlcn, tmlt
os lctoajdafwosn rdtltodc. Xmnc tmn sjnwoch pojdt adctrdj jnvnr os pujjnb ocsobn, tmn doj gojjnb grdi
mybrlujoa adctrdj doj pdrt ` fnnp mybrlujoa adctrdj amlchn vljvn oc tmn rohmt pdsotodc ls tmn gohurn
smdws, tmn prnssurn doj ffdws grdi [ td @, @ tmlt adccnats wotm sjnwoch idtdr brovns turctl`jn rdtltoch
td tmn rohmt dg tmn truaf arlcn, tmlt os ajdafwosn rdtltodc.
0. Cnutrlj `rlfn pdsotodc
Xmnc swoch `rlfoch os cnnbnb, swoch pojdt adctrdj jnvnr os oc cnutrlj pdsotodc, tmn swoch amlchn
vljvn stlys oc cnutrlj pdsotodc, tmn plsslhn dg doj aorauots L lcb @ os `jdafnb, lt tmos toin, og swoch
systni mls cd inamlcoalj `rlfoch, tmn turctl`jn adctocuns td rdtltn ljdch tmn drohoclj bornatodc lcb tmn
ocnrtol oiplat wojj `n alusnb. Rmn prnssurn lt doj aorauot nxot hdns up rlpobjy, wmnc tmn prnssurn hdns up
td 0;I[l lbeustnb `y rnjong vljvn, tmn doj joquob nxmlustnb grdi tmn doj aorauot nxot wojj dvnr ffdw grdi
tmn rnjong vljvn lcb nctnr lcdtmnr doj pdrt, tmn vlauui oc tmlt doj pdrt wojj `n ﬌jjnb up `y amnaf vljvn.
Rmnc tmn idtdr lcb rnjong vljvn gdri jddp td aoraujltn.
@nalusn ncnrhy wojj `n adcsuinb wmnc dpncoch tmn rnjong vljvn, ocnrtol ncnrhy oc tmn swoch
systni os adcsuinb td lamonvn `rlfoch oc tmn prdanss dg dpncoch rnjong vljvn. @ut tmn cnnbnb toin os
jdchnr tmlc tmlt dg inamlcoalj `rlfn, sd ot alc aut bdwc tmn `rlfoch oiplat. Rmn ausmodcoch nggnat, tmlt
os tmn cnnbnb toin gdr `rlfoch, alc `n lbeustnb `y tmn prnssurn dg rnjong vljvn.
1. Grnn rdtltodc
Xmnc l anrtloc lchjn nxosts `ntwnnc tmn worn rdpn dc tmn mddf lcb tmn mnlvy jdlbs tmlt mlvn
ljrnlby gnnj td tmn hrducb, fnnp tmn worn rdpn vnrtoalj oc drbnr td njoiocltn tmn lchjn. Qdjncdob vljvn os
njnatro﬌nb td fnnp tmn pojdt rnjong vljvn lcb nxmlust pdrt J< octnrjocfnb wmoam inlcs tmn prnssurn oc tmn
doj pdrt dg idtdr os lpprdlamoch znrd. Lt tmos toin pojdt jnvnr dg wocam rlosns, tmn turctl`jn os rdtltnb
`y tmn pujjoch gdran dg tmn mnlvy jdlbs wmnc tmn worn rdpn os tohmtncnb, vlauui oc ttmn
mn doj
d oj pdrt wojj `n
﬌jjnb up `y amnaf vljvn.
Iloctnclcan lcb Qnrvoan dc Jogtoch Dpnrltodc 0-<>


0-= Mdost aductnr`ljlcan vljvn
0-=-< [lrt gucatodc

Rmos vljvn os usnb td lvdob tmn ruclwly dg mybrlujoa idtdr's rdtltoch spnnb alusnb `y tmn wnohmt
dg jogtoch jdlbs (tmn rdtltoch spnnb dg mybrlujoa idtdr nxannbs doj suppjy qulctoty).
Amlptnr 0
0-=-0 Xdrfoch
Xmnc tmn mybrlujoa idtdr os bnsancboch, tmn mybrlujoa doj dc tmn bnsancboch sobn gjdws octd
mybrlujoa idtdr lcb lats dc tmn postdc dg `ljlcan vljvn tmrduhm amdfn ls tmn pojdt prnssurn.
Xmnc tmos prnssurn nxannbs sproch tncsodc, tmn postdc os pusmnb upwlrbs, tmn mybrlujoa doj tmlt
ffdws grdi pdrt L td @ fnnps tmn prnssurn alusnb `y jdlbs, tmn jdlbs lrn bnsancboch lt tmn slin toin.
Pngnr td popoch lssni`jy oc arlcn plrts altljdhun gdr struaturn jost.
0-<7 Iloc
Iloctncl
tnclcan
can lcb Qnrv
Qnrvoan
oan dc Jogto
Jogtoch
ch Dpn
Dpnrltod
rltodc
c

Amlptnr 0
Goh. 0-<< Mdost aductnr`ljlcan vljvn
Iloctnclcan lcb Qnrvoan dc Jogtoch Dpnrltodc 0-<8


0-? Iujto-wly amlchn vljvn
0-?-< [lrt gucatodc

Rmos vljvn alc adipjntn tmn latodc dg supnrstruaturn mybrlujoa aorauot, lcb rnljozn tmn lutdiltoa
smogt `ntwnnc sochjn puip lcb bdu`jn puips td suppjy doj oc tnjnsadpoch systni, njnvltoch systni,
Amlptnr 0
iloc wocam lcb luxojolry wocam. Ljsd ot alc rnljozn tmn adipdsotn prdpdrtodclj mybrlujoa adctrdj dg
bornatodc, ffdw lcb prnssurn, lcb lamonvn prdpdrtodclj stnpjnss spnnb hdvnrcoch dg snvnrlj nxnautovn
inamlcosis wmnc dpnrltoch soiujtlcndusjy wotm boggnrnct jdlbs.
0-?-0 Xdrfoch
Pngnr td popoch lssni`jy oc arlcn plrts altljdhun gdr struaturn jost.
Goh. 0-<0 Iujto-wly amlchn vljvn
0-<= Iloc
Iloctncl
tnclcan
can lcb Qnrv
Qnrvoan
oan dc Jogto
Jogtoch
ch Dpn
Dpnrltod
rltodc
c

< @djt I<7Ø>; Ø0>; 1
0 Wljvn gdr puip < ocjnt <

Wljvn gdr tnjnsadpoch lcb
1 <
njnvltoch Amlptnr 0
2 Wljvn gdr puip 0 ocjnt <

Wljvn gdr iloc wocam lcb
> <
luxojolry wocam
7 Doj rnturc ncb advnr <
8 @djt I<7Ø>; Ø07; <
= @djt I<7Ø>; Ø00; 0
? Cut I<7 <0 H@/R7<8;-0;;;
<; Xlsmnr <7 7 H@?1-=8
<< Xlsmnr <7 7 H@?>-=>
<0 Clin pjltn <
<1 Qmuttjn vljvn 2 H@?>-=>
<2 [juh I00Ø<.> <
<> Adiòcnb wlsmnr Χ00 <

<7 D-roch 0?Ø1.>> EOQ-[
1
<8 D-roch <2Ø0.2 EOQ-[
<
<= D-roch 0?Ø1.>> EOQ-[
1
<? D-roch <2Ø0.2 EOQ-[
0
0; D-roch 8Ø0.> < EOQ-[

EOQ-[
0< D-roch 0?Ø1.>> 1
00 D-roch <2Ø0.> < EOQ-[
01 D-roch 0?Ø1.>> < EOQ-[

02 D-roch 0?Ø1.>> 0 EOQ-[
0> Qnadcblry rnjong vljvn 1 [P< [P0 [P1
07 Mohm prnssurn rnjong vljvn 0 W< W0
08 Bovobnr vljvn 0 [A< [A0
0= Adc ffuncanb lcb bovobnr vljvn < [s
Iloctnclcan lcb Qnrvoan dc Jogtoch Dpnrltodc 0-<?


0-?-1 Boslssni`jy lcb rnlssni`jy

<. Wljvn `jdaf
Bd cdt hrnlsn dc tmn D-rochs lidch nlam `jdaf.
0. Qnljoch roch
Cnw plrts smdujb `n rnpjlanb oc
o c procaop
procaopjn.
jn.
Amlptnr 0
Ocstljj tmn doj snlj octd vljvn rdb grdi tmn `dtm ncbs, lcb bdc't put doj snlj tmrduhm tmn rnanss dg
vljvn rdb.
1. Wljvn rdb lcb amnaf vljvn
Amnaf tmn sjoboch surglan, og siljj sarltam os gducb dc tmn sjoboch surglan, usn ﬌cn ninry ajdtm dr
dojstdcn td pdjosm ot.
Xmnc tmn vljvn rdb lcb postdc lrn ocsnrtnb octd vljvn, adlt mybrlujoa doj dc tmn sjoboch surglan
`ngdrnmlcb,
`ngdrnmlc b, lcb ply
pl y lttnctod
lttnctodcc cdt td rdtltn ttmni.
mni.
Lgtnr tmn vljvn rdb lcb postdc lrn ocsnrtnb octd vljvn, amnaf tmnor siddtm idvninct. Lgtnr sdin
vljvn `jdafs lrn boslssni`jnb, tmn vljvn rdb smdujb `n lssni`jnb oc tmn drohoclj vljvn `jdaf.
0-0; Iloc
Iloctncl
tnclcan
can lcb Qnrv
Qnrvoan
oan dc Jogto
Jogtoch
ch Dpn
Dpnrltod
rltodc
c

0-<; Rnjnsadpoch
Rnjnsadpoch aductnr`ljlcan vljvn spddj
0-<;-< [lrt gucatodc

Ot ncsurns tmlt tmn tnjnsadpoch inamlcosi dg tmn arlcn alc stdp lt lcy mnohmt lcb tlfn tmn jdafoch
nggnat, cd ilttnr og tmn nchocn os smutbdwc dr cdt, lcb tmn toin os jdch dr smdrt.
Amlptnr 0
0-<;-0 Xdrfoch
<. Nxtncsodc dg tnjnsadpoch ayjocbnr
Rmn doj nctnroch grdi pdrt @ dpncs tmn amnaf vljvn lcb ffdws td pdrt L, tmlt inlcs doj ffdws td
jlrhn amli`nr dg tnjnsadpoch ayjocbnr, tmn tnjnsadpoch ayjocbnr os nxtncboch dut.
0. Pntrlatodc dg tnjnsadpoch ayjocbnr
Rmn doj oc jlrhn amli`nr dg tnjnsadpoch ayjocbnr ffdws td pdrt L lcb os `jdafnb `y amnaf vljvn,
lt tmos toin, tmn doj oc siljj amli`nr dg tnjnsadpoch ayjocbnr lats dc tmn pdrt F dg adctrdj postdc lcb
pusmns
pus mns tmn aductnr`
aduc tnr` ljlc
ljlcan
an vljv
vljvnn spd
spddj
dj wotm 2> `lr prnssur
prns surnn td adiprns
adip rnsss twd iloc sprochs
spr ochs idvo ch
tdwlrbs rohmt sobn ls tmn ﬌hurn smdws. Rmn doj ffdws grdi pdrt L td pdrt @, lcb tmnc tmn rntrlatodc dg
tnjnsadpoch ayjocbnr os ﬌cosmnb.
< Adctrdj postdc 0 Wljvn sjnnvn

s jnnvn 1 Adctrdj postdc
2 Amnaf vljvn sproch > Amnaf vljvn 7 Aductnr`ljlcan vljvn spddj
Dutnr sproch dc Occnr sproch dc aductnr`ljlcan
aductnr`ljlcan
8 aductnr`ljlcan
aductnr`ljlcan vljvn spddj = vljvn spddj ? Pnlr advnr
<; D-roch
Iloctnclcan lcb Qnrvoan dc Jogtoch Dpnrltodc 0-0<


0-<;-1 Dpnrltodc lcb iloctnclcan

<. Bosiductoch lcb rniductoch dg AA@M<2;/1>; tnjnsadpoch aductnr`ljlcan vljvn
Rmn tddj gdr bosiductoch lcb rniductoch os smdwc oc Goh.0, usn 0-I> sarnw lcb rnlr advnr ? td
adccnat rdtltodc jnvnr td pujj dut AA@M<2;/1>; tnjnsadpoc

tnjnsadpoch
h `ljlcan vljvn.
Amlptnr 0
Goh. 0-<<
0. Ocstljjltodc dg AA@M<2;/1>; tnjnsadpoch aductnr`ljl

aductnr`ljlcan
can vljvn
Rmn spnaogoaltodc dg D-roch <; os т>;]1.< ＊ pusm AA@M<2 ;/1>; tnjnsadpoc

tnjns adpoc h `ljlcan
`ljlc an vljvn oc
lgtnr ùttnroch dc tmn D-roch.
0-00 Iloc
Iloctncl
tnclcan
can lcb Qnrv
Qnrvoan
oan dc Jogto
Jogtoch
ch Dpn
Dpnrltod
rltodc
c

0-<< Rnjnsadpoch ayjocbnr
0-<<-< [lrt gucatodc

Buroch jogtoch dpnrltodc, `ddi jnchtm amlchoch os rnljoznb `y tnjnsadpoch ayjocbnr wotm tmn mnjp dg
worn rdpn. Rnjnsadpoch
Rnjnsadpoch ayjocbnr os ljsd tmn bnvoan td rntloc `ddi jnchtm.
Amlptnr 0
Xdrfoch procaopjn lcb struaturn dg tnjnsadpoch ayjocbnr Ⅻ

0-<<-0 Xdrfoch
Goh. 0-<0 Rnjnsadpoch ayjocbnr Ⅻ struaturn


< [ostdc rdb

D-roch 7>Ø1.<
0 <
1 D-roch >;Ø1.< <
Amlptnr 0 2 Aductnr`ljlcann vljvn
Aductnr`ljlca <
> BL<8 bust roch <
7 Xnlr roch b<>;Ø02.>Ø1 <
8 _-snlj b<>; Ø<8; Ø<> <
= Lssni`jnb snlj b<>;Ø<7>.<Ø7.1 <
? D-roch<=>Ø>.8 0
<; Dojjnss ju`roaltodc `nlroch <
<< Huobn sjnnvn <
<0 Ayjocbnr `dby <
<1 [ostdc <
<2 [ostdc snlj B<8;Ø<>; Ø<7.> 0
<> @lafup rochχ<8; Øχ<>; Ø1 0
<7 Xnlr roch B<8;Ø02.>Ø0.> 0
<8 D-roch <1;Ø>.8 0
<= D-roch >>Ø1.< 2
<? Jottjn rdb <
0; Lssni`jnb snlj b1=Ø2=.8Ø2.0 0
0< _-snlj b1= Ø27Ø7.1 0
00 D-roch 7;Ø1.< 0
Jottjn huobn sjnnvn
01 <
0-02 Iloc
Iloctncl
tnclcan
can lcb Qnrv
Qnrvoan
oan dc Jogto
Jogtoch
ch Dpn
Dpnrltod
rltodc
c

Xdrfoch procaopjn lcb struaturn dg tnjnsadpoch ayjocbnr Ⅼ

0-<<-1 Xdrfoch
Amlptnr 0
Goh. 0-<1 Rnjnsadpoch ayjocbnr Ⅼ struaturn
< Aductnr`ljlcann vljvn

Aductnr`ljlca <
0 D-roch >;Ø1.< <
1 D-roch 7>Ø1.< <
2 BL<8 bust roch <
> _-snlj b<8; Ø<=> Ø<7.> <
7 Huobn sjnnvn <
Lssni`jnb snlj b<7;Ø<8>.>Ø7.1
8 <
= D-roch 0;;Ø>.8 0
? Dojjnss ju`roaltodc `nlroch <
<; Xnlr roch b<8;Ø<2.=Ø1 <
<< Ayjocbnr `dby <
<0 [ostdc rdb <
<1 _-snlj B<?; Ø<8; Ø<7.> 0
<2 @lafup rochχ<?; Øχ<8; Ø1 0
<> [ostdc <
<7 Xnlr roch 0
<8 D-roch <0;Ø>.8 0
Iloctnclcan lcb Qnrvoan dc Jogtoch Dpnrltodc 0-0>


0-<<-2 Boslssni`jy lcb rnlssni`jy

<. Xmnc tmn postdc rdb lssni`jy os pujjnb dut grdi ayjocbnr, ply lttnctodc cdt td blilhn tmn
surglan dg postdc rdb, postdc lcb snljoch roch.
0. Oc drbnr td ilfn tmn postdc rdb advnr nlsy td rdtltn, tmn ayjocbnr smdujb `n loinb lt tmn anctrlj
dg postdc rdb.
Amlptnr 0
1. Quppdrt roch, snljoch roch
Cnw plrt
plrtss smdujb
smdu jb `n rnpjl
rnpjlanb
anb oc proc
procaopjn
aopjn.. Adlt mybrl
mybrlujoa
ujoa doj dr hrnlsn
hrnls n `ngdrn
`ngdr n rnlssni`j
rnls sni`j y, p
ply
ly
lttnctodc cdt td `rnlf dr blilhn tmni wmnc lssni`joch.
2. [ostdc rdb, postdc lcb ayjocbnr `dby
s urglan, usn ﬌cn dojstdcn td pdjosm ot.

Og siljj sarltam os gducb dc tmn sjoboch surglan,
Xmnc tmn postdc rdb lssni`jy os ocsnrtnb octd ayjocbnr

ayjocbnr,, adlt ncduhm mybrlujoa doj dc tmn sjoboch surglan
`ngdrnmlcb
`ngdrnmlc b td lvdob
lvdo b tmn blilhn
bli lhn dg su
suppdrt
ppdrt ro
roch,
ch, snlj
snljoch
och roch, nta.
0-07 Iloc
Iloctncl
tnclcan
can lcb Qnrv
Qnrvoan
oan dc Jogto
Jogtoch
ch Dpn
Dpnrltod
rltodc
c

0-<0 Njnvltoch ayjocbnr
0-<0-< [lrt gucatodc

Njnvltoch ayjocbnr os tmn brovn bnvoan gdr `ddi td rnljozn rlbous amlchoch tmrduhm ots tnjnsadpoch,
ot os ljsd tmn bnvoan td rntloc `ddi rlbous buroch jogtoch dpnrltodc.
Amlptnr 0
0-<0-0 Xdrfoch
Goh. 0-<2 Njnvltoch ayjocbnr struaturn
< [ostdc snlj B0=;Ø07; Ø<8 0
0 Xnlr roch 0
1 [ostdc <
2 D-roch <=;Ø>.8 0
> Ayjocbnr `dby <
7 [ostdc rdb <
8 Huobn sjnnvn <
= _x-snlj b02;Ø07; Ø<2 <
? @lafup rochχ02; Øχ07; Ø1 0
<; D-roch0=;Ø>.8 <
<< D-roch0>;Ø>.8 <
<0 @lafup roch L0>;Ø0 <
<1 BL<8 bust roch <
<2 Qpmnroalj pjloc rlbolj `nlrochs HNH<0;NQ-0PQ


0-<0-1 Boslssni`jy lcb rnlssni`jy

<. Quppdrt roch, snljoch roch
Cnw plrt
plrtss smdujb
smdu jb `n rnpjl
rnpjlanb
anb oc proc
procaopjn
aopjn.. Adlt mybrl
mybrlujoa
ujoa doj dr hrnlsn
hrnls n `ngdrn
`ngdr n rnlssni`j
rnls sni`j y, p
ply
ly
lttnctodc cdt td `rnlf dr blilhn tmni wmnc lssni`joch.

0. [ostdc rdb, postdc lcb ayjocbnr `dby
Amlptnr 0
s urglan, usn ﬌cn dojstdcn td pdjosm ot.
Og siljj sarltam os gducb dc tmn sjoboch surglan,
0-<1 Njnatroa systni iloctnclcan lcb procaopjn samnins

0-<1-< Njnatroa systni iloctnclcan
Rmn arlcn supnrstruaturn njnatroa systni adcsosts dg pdwnr suppjy aorauot, stlrtoch aorauot, pojdt
adctrdj aorauot, ucjdlboch aorauot, rdpn ncb prdtnatodc aorauot, ocstruinct ocboaltodc aorauot, johmtoch
aorauot, jdlb idinct ocboaltdr systni lcb luxojolry aorauot, nta.
Rmos ilculj prdvobns sdin adiidc njnatroa trdu`jns lcb bntlojnb sdjutodcs.
<. Rrdu`jn <5 Cdcn njnatroaoty oc arlcn supnrstruaturn
<) Aorauot lcljysos
Aorauot adipdsotodc5 anctrlj rdtlry `dby pdwnr suppjy←gusn G<←supnrstruaturn stlrtoch swotam←
rn jly F; ←supnrstruaturn njnatroa jdlb←hrducb al`jn

pdwnr rnjly
0) Alusn lcb sdjutodc
Alusn Qdjutodc
Gusn G< (1;L) ùrcnb dut Pnpjlan

Qtlrtoch swotam ocdpnrltovn Pnplor (tlfns Laa pdrt ocstnlb dg @r pdrt) dr rnpjlan
[dwnr suppjy rnjly ùrcnb Pnpjlan, adccnat worn ? wotm worn <J gdr tnipdrlry trnltinct
Jnlb bosadccnatnb Pnadccnat worn dr jly al`jns
0. Rrdu`jn 05 jlip aorauot glujty

<) Aorauot lcljysos
Aorauot adipdsotodc5 pdwnr suppjy ←gusn ←swotam←jlip←hrducb al`jn
Alusn Qdjutodc
Johmt ùj` blilhnb Pnpjlan
Gusn ùrcnb Pnpjlan
@lb nlrtmoch Pnplor
Qwotam ocdpnrltovn Pnpjlan dr rnplor

0-0= Iloc
Iloctncl
tnclcan
can lcb Qnrv
Qnrvoan
oan dc Jogto
Jogtoch
ch Dpn
Dpnrltod
rltodc
c

1. Rrdu`jn 15 lcto-twd `jdaf ocdpnrltovn
Alusn lcb sdjutodc
Alusn Qdjutodc
Adrb rnnj glujty Pnplor dr rnpjlan

Amlptnr 0
Joiot swotam ocdpnrltovn Pnpjlan
Xnohmt rdpn `rdfnc Pnpjlan
Qdjncdob vljvn ocnggnatovn Pnplor dr rnpjlan
@lb nlrtmoch dg sdjncdob vljvn Pnplor
@lb nlrtmoch dg joiot swotam Pnplor
Jdlb idinct ocboaltdr glujty Adctlat wotm dur snrvoan anctnr
2. Rrdu`jn 25 wopnr ocdpnrltovn

<) Aorauot lcljysos
Aorauot adipdsotodc5 pdwnr suppjy←gusn←swotam←wopnr idtdr
Alusn Qdjutodc
Gusn ùrct Pnpjlan

Qwotam ocdpnrltovn Pnpjlan
Idtdr blilhnb Pnplor dr rnpjlan
@lb nlrtmoch Pnplor
Jnlb bosadccnatnb Adctlat wotm dur snrvoan anctnr
Iloctnclcan lcb Qnrvoan dc Jogtoch Dpnrltodc 0-0?


>. Rrdu`jn >5 rdpn-ncb joiotnr ocdpnrltovn
<) Aorauot lcljysos
Aorauot adipdsotodc5 pdwnr suppjy ← gusn
G< 2 ← gdranb rnjnlsn swotam Q<? ← rdpn-ncb

Amlptnr 0 joiotnr swotam L0 (iloc wocam), L1 (luxojolry
wocam) ← rdpn-ncb sdjncdob vljvn ← hrducb
al`jn
0) Alusn
Ot idst mlppncs oc rdpn-ncb joiotnr, swotam
L0 lcb L1 lrn cdt lbeustnb wnjj dr L0 lcb L1
lrn ocdpnrltovn6 tmnc oc tmn aorauotry.
1) Qdjutodc
‒ Dpnc tmn rnlr advnr dg rdpn-ncb joiotnr
lcb lbeust worn rdpn tmrnn td ﬌vn aorajns td ilfn
ot ocdsaujltnb wotm swotam adctlat dr rnplor lcb
rnpjlan L0, L1.
‒ Amnaf tmn aorauot lcb rnplor.
0-1; Iloc
Iloctncl
tnclcan
can lcb Qnrv
Qnrvoan
oan dc Jogto
Jogtoch
ch Dpn
Dpnrltod
rltodc
c

0-<1-0 Njnatroa systni procaopjn samnin

Rmos ilculj prdvobns arlcn njnatroa systni procaopjn samnins gdr rngnrncan.
Amlptnr 0
Goh. 0-<> Njnatroa systni procaopjn samnin (</<0)


Amlptnr 0
p
d
t
s )
j
y l
a c
d
c o
n t
h
r p
d
n (
i
N
r r
n
t n
s w
l d
I p
Goh. 0-<> Njnatroa systni procaopjn samnin (0/<0)
0-10 Iloctnclcan lcb Qnrvoan dc Jogtoch Dpnrltodc


Amlptnr 0


Amlptnr 0
0-12 Iloc
Iloctncl
tnclcan
can lcb Qnrv
Qnrvoan
oan dc Jogto
Jogtoch
ch Dpn
Dpnrltod
rltodc
c

Amlptnr 0
Goh. 0-<> Njnatroa systni procaopjn samnin (>/<0)
Iloctnclcan lcb Qnrvoan dc Jogtoch Dpnrltodc 0-1>


Amlptnr 0
0-17 Iloc
Iloctncl
tnclcan
can lcb Qnrv
Qnrvoan
oan dc Jogto
Jogtoch
ch Dpn
Dpnrltod
rltodc
c

Amlptnr 0


Amlptnr 0
Goh. 0-<> Njnatroa systni procaopjn samnin (=/<0)
0-1= Iloc
Iloctncl
tnclcan
can lcb Qnrv
Qnrvoan
oan dc Jogto
Jogtoch
ch Dpn
Dpnrltod
rltodc
c

Amlptnr 0
r
n
w
d
p
n
t
o
m
w
b
n
r
p
p i
l
j
m
a
i
l r
t j d
o r
d
t
l
w
s
t
l a
o
a
o b
h b c
o
c
o c
o h
b
o h c
o
j
s c
o
t
p
d
n l a
s
n v n
r n
j j
n
G N R
Goh. 0-<> Njnatroa systni procaopjn samnin (?/<0)
Iloctnclcan lcb Qnrvoan dc Jogtoch Dpnrltodc 0-1?


Amlptnr 0
)
?
Q
(
j
l
c
h
o
s
j
d
r
t
c
d
a
y
t
n
g
l
s
j
l
c
d
o
t
r
d
p
d
r
p
-
d
r
t
a
n
j
N
Goh. 0-<> Njnatroa systni procaopjn samnin (<;/<0)
0-2; Iloc
Iloctncl
tnclcan
can lcb Qnrv
Qnrvoan
oan dc Jogto
Jogtoch
ch Dpn
Dpnrltod
rltodc
c

Amlptnr 0
Goh. 0-<> Njnatroa systni procaopjn samnin (<</<0)


Amlptnr 0
)
=
<
Q
(
n
v
o
t
o
s
d
p
b
l
d
j
r
n
v
d
O
I
J
Goh. 0-<> Njnatroa systni procaopjn samnin (<0/<0)
0-20 Iloc
Iloctncl
tnclcan
can lcb Qnrv
Qnrvoan
oan dc Jogto
Jogtoch
ch Dpn
Dpnrltod
rltodc
c

0-<2 Mybrlujoa systni procaopjn samnin
Amlptnr 0
Goh. 0-<7 Mybrlujoa systni procaopjn samnin


Amlptnr 0
0-22

Amlptnr 1 Doj
1-< Mybrlujoa doj
<. Doj ﬌jtnroch dr rnpjlaninct samnbujn
Amlptnr 1
Lgtnrwlrb gojtnr dr rnpjlan doj nvnry 7
Nvnry 7 idctms. Doj alccdt `n usnb nxannboch 02
1 idctms
idctms idctms nvnc tmrduhm ﬌jtnroch.
Bnjovnry bltn Gojtnr dr rnpjlan doj
◄ Xmncnvnr doj `nadins nxanssovnjy adctliocltnb, ﬌jtnr dr rnpjlan ot nvnc `ngdrn tmn samnbujnb
﬌jtrltodc dr rnpjlaninct toin. Mybrlujoa doj os rnpjlanb laadrboch td E@/R?8

E@/R?818.1
18.1..
◄ ^sn suotl`jn doj bnpncboch dc tmn ltidspmnroa tnipnrlturn.
Doj 1-<

0. Mybrlujoa doj tnipnrlturn
Rmn doj tnipnrlturn smdujb ljwlys `n
`njdw =; ℁.
Amlptnr 1
1. Mybrlujoa doj qulctoty
Pnquornb qulctoty dg mybrlujoa doj os l`dut
82;J.
Amnafoch mybrlujoa doj jnvnj5 amnaf tmn doj
jnvnj wotm tmn arlcn oc trlvnj adc ﬌hurltodc. Rmn
tmnrid-joquobdintnr cdt dcjy alc smdw tmn doj
jnvnj, ùt ljsd tmn mybrlujoa doj tnipnrlturn.
Xmnc amnafoch tmn doj jnvnj, ilfn surn tmlt
tmn doj jnvnj os l`dvn tmn iobbjn ilrf dg tmn
tmnrid-joquobdintnr. Og tmn doj jnvnj os jdwnr
tmlc tmn iobbjn ilrf, lbb mybrlujoa doj.
1-0 Doj

1-0 Hnlr doj
<. Pnpjlaninct samnbujn
Lgtnrwlrb rnpjlan doj nvnry <0

1 idctms <0 idctms
idctms.
Bnjovnry bltn P n pj l a n d o j Amlptnr 1
◄ Xmncnvnr doj `nadins nxanssovnjy adctliocltnb, rnpjlan ot nvnc `ngdrn tmn samnbujnb toin dg
rnpjlaninct.
◄ Grnqunctjy amnaf tmn doj prnssurn lcb jnvnj, lcb rn﬌jj og tmn jnvnj os jdwnr tmlc tmn spnao﬌nb jnvnj.
0. Xocam systni
Gojjoch liduct os l`dut <.>J.
Xoctnr5 Idòj QMA00;6 suiinr5 J-AFB00;ｓ10; N[ hnlr doj.
Pnidvoch wocam rdpn, brui `dttdi os nxpdsnb, ﬌jj doj `y rnidvoch tmn doj ﬌jjoch pjuh.
1. Qwoch systni
Gojjoch liduct os l`dut 2.>J.

Xoctnr5 Idòj QMA00;6 suiinr5 J-AFB00;ｓ10; N[ hnlr doj.
Laadrboch td ocboaltoch pjltn dg swoch systni, ﬌jj doj `y rnidvoch tmn doj- ﬌jjoch pjuh.
Doj 1-1

1-1 Hrnlsn
<. Hrnlsoch pdocts
Amlptnr 1
Goh. 1-< \_8;F-Ⅻtruaf arlcn ju`roaltodc bolhrli
1-2 Doj

0. Adiplrosdc tl`jn dg hrnlsoch pdocts
Cd. Hrnlsoch pdocts Hrnlsoch octnrvlj Hrnlsn Intmdbs

Iloc mddf truccodc Xnnfjy dr `ngdrn usn Jotmoui `lsn hrnlsn UJ2>-0 Hrnlsn puip
L Luxojolry mddf truccodc Xnnfjy dr `ngdrn usn Jotmoui `lsn hrnlsn UJ2>-0 Hrnlsn puip
@ Iloc mddf smnlvn ‒‒ ‒‒ Qnjg-ju`roaltnb `nlroch
A @ddi mnlb smnlvn ‒‒ ‒‒ Qnjg-ju`roaltnb `nlroch
B @ddi mnlb sjobn `jdaf Xnnfjy IdQ0 mnlvy hrnlsn Adlt

Qjoboch surglans dg sjobn
N `jdafs dg 0cb, 1rb, 2tm lcb Xnnfjy IdQ0 mnlvy hrnlsn Adlt
>tm `ddi snatodcs Amlptnr 1
G @ddi tloj sjobn `jdaf Xnnfjy IdQ0 mnlvy hrnlsn Hrnlsn puip
H @ddi rnlr povdt Xnnfjy IdQ0 mnlvy hrnlsn Hrnlsn puip
M @ddi sochjn tdp ‒‒ ‒‒ Qnjg-ju`roaltnb `nlroch
O Eo` smnlvn ‒‒ ‒‒ Qnjg-ju`roaltnb `nlroch
E Eo` huobn rdjjnr @ngdrn usn 0# Jotmoui `lsn hrnlsn Hrnlsn puip
F ^ppnr lcb jdwnr povdts dg Xnnfjy 0# Jotmoui `lsn hrnlsn Hrnlsn puip
tmn njnvltoch ayjocbnr
J Qjnwoch `nlroch <;; mdurs UH-1 Aljaoui `lsn hrnlsn Hrnlsn puip
I Rddtm surglan dg pocodc Xnnfjy 0# Jotmoui `lsn hrnlsn Adlt
Xorn rdpn Xnnfjy 0# Jotmoui `lsn hrnlsn Adlt
C
Xorn rdpn (gdr `ddi tnjnsadpoch) Xnnfjy 0# Jotmoui `lsn hrnlsn Adlt
D Mdostoch `nlroch `lsn Xnnfjy 0# Jotmoui `lsn hrnlsn Hrnlsn puip
◄ Ajnlc tmn hrnlsn aup lcb tmn surglan td `n adltnb wotm hrnlsn `ngdrn hrnlsoch.
◄ Rmn sjoboch surglans, wmoam lrn cdt ocboaltnb oc tmn l`dvn jost, ljsd rnquorn pnrodboa hrnlsoch.
◄ Idctmjy lppjy l tmoc adlt dg hrnlsn td tmn nxpdsnb pdrtodc dg tmn njnvltoch ayjocbnr postdc rdb wotm
tmn `ddi pjlanb dc tmn `ddi rnst.
Doj 1->

1-2 Doj adiplrosdc
@nlroch, sjobnr, sjnwoch

Xocam rnbuanr, `nlroc
`nlroch,
h, worn
worn rrdpn
dpn,, `
`ddi
ddi
Altljdhun Mybrlujoa systni
swoch rnbuanr povdt
povdt lc
lcb
b nnjnv
jnvlto
ltoch
ch povdts
povdts
Clin Lcto-groatodc mybrlujoa doj Mnlvy jdlb ocbustrolj hnlr doj N[ Jotmoui `lsn hrnlsn
AC[A J-AFB00;,
J-MW00, J-MI 10, J-MI 27 0#
Qocdpna J-AFB10;
Idòjhnr71;,
ID@OJ Idòj BRN <<I, <1I, <>I 0#
Idòjhnr710
Amlptnr 1 Diljl00;,
QMNJJ Rnjjus 00, 10, 27 0#
Diljl10;
Inrdpl00;,
ALJRN] Plcbd doj MB 10, 27 0#
Inrdpl10;
Myspoc LXQ <>, 10, 276
ALQRPDJ Ljpml Ilx00;, 0#
Myspoc LXM <>, 10, 27 Ljpml Ilx10;
Alrtnr N[00;,
RDRLJ LUDJJLUQ 10, 27 0#
Alrtnr N[10;
@lrtrlc MW 00, Ncnrhdj HP-]G00;,
@[ 0#
Ncnrhdj MJ[-MI 10, 27 Ncnrhdj HP-]G10;
1-> Bospdslj dg wlstn doj lcb lctogrnnzn
Bovnrsogonb ju`roaltoch doj, hrnlsn, gunj lcb lctogrnnzn usnb oc arlcns ily alusn anrtloc bornat dr ocbornat
pdjjutodc td ncvordcinct. Lctogr

Lctogrnnzn
nnzn lcb ju`roaltoch doj lrn pdosdcdus, bospdsn tmni laadrboch td jdalj
ncvordcinctlj rnhujltodcs og tmny alccdt `n usnb lcy idrn. Pnayajn tmn usnb lctogrnnzn lcb ju`roaltoch doj wotm
ljjdwl`jn bosalrbnb dènats trnltinct nquopinct (ocajuboch adcanssodclry nstl`josminct prdvobnb `y aoty snrvoan
stltodc lcb hlrlhn). Og tmnrn os lcy bdu`t, adctlat jdalj ncvordcinctlj prdtnatodc bnplrtinct gdr mnjp td bospdsn
usnb lctogrnnzn lcb ju`roaltoch doj.
1-7 Doj

Amlptnr 1
1-8

Amlptnr 1
1-=

Amlptnr 2 Adiidc trdu`jns lcb trdu`jnsmddtoch
2-< Adiidc trdu`jns lcb trdu`jnsmddtoch
Qnatodc Rrdu`jn Alusn Pninby
<. Ocsug ﬌aonct doj. Lbb doj.

0. Lor nctnroch tmrduhm suatodc jocn. Pnplor lcb `jnnb lor.
1. Iductoch `djt jddsncoch. Rohmtnc.
Mybrlujoa Cdosn oc mybrlujoa
2. Adctliocltnb mybrlujoa doj. Pnpjlan dr ﬌jtnr.
puip puip
>. [rdpnjjnr smlgt vo`rltnb. Pnplor.
7. ^covnrslj edoct wdrc. Pnpjlan.
8. Mybrlujoa puip glujty. Pnplor dr rnpjlan.
Amlptnr 2
Dutrohhnrs <. Pnjong vljvn prnssurn snttoch glujty oc alrronr iujto-wly vljvn. Lbeust.
0. Bort `jdafs up rnjong vljvn njninct. Boslssni`jn lcb ajnlc.
ocdpnrltovn
1. Adctrdj vljvn ocdpnrltovn. Pnplor.
Dutrohhnrs Idvninct os <. Octnrodr dg adctrdj vljvn ocdpnrltovn. Pnplor.

sjuhhosm 0. Pnjong vljvn prnssurn snttoch tdd jdw. Lbeust.
systni
Elaf lutdiltoaljjy <. Bdu`jn-wly mybrlujoa vljvn glujty. Ajnlc dr rnpjlan vljvn.
rntrlats dr nxtncbs 0. Octnrclj jnlflhn oc ayjocbnr

ayjocbnr.. Pnpjlan snlj dr ayjocbnr.
buroch dpnrltodc dr 1. Nxtnrclj jnlflhn oc ayjocbnr
ayjocbnr.. Pnplor.
rdlb trlvnj
2. Amnaf vljvn dg elaf ayjocbnr ocdpnrltovn. Pnplor dr rnpjlan amnaf vljvn.
<. @rlfn groatodc bosf wdrc dr doj dc `rlfn jococh. Pnplor dr rnpjlan.
@rlfn glujty 0. Lor nctnrnb `rlfn doj aorauot. @jnnb lor.
1. @rlfn ayjocbnr glujty. Pnplor.
<. Jdw lbeustoch prnssurn dg rnjong vljvn oc swoch Pnplor lcb lbeust.
Qwoch iloc puip dr `jdafnb.
systni 0. Qwoch ucot dg iloc vljvn ocdpnrltovn. Pnplor.
Qwoch ocdpnrltovn 1. Mybrlujoa idtdr blilhnb. Pnplor.

2. Qwoch rnbuanr glujty. Pnplor dr rnpjlan.
>. [ojdt adctrdj vljvn glujty. Pnplor.
7. Pnjong vljvn oc pojdt doj aorauot glujty. Pnplor.
8. [ojdt doj aorauot `jdafnb. Lbeust lgtnr rnplor.
Adiidc Rrdu`jns lcb Rrdu`jnsmddtoch 2-<


<. Dvnr jdw prnssurn oc mybrlujoa systni5

og dutrohhnrs wdrf cdriljjy, cd rnjltodcsmop
wotm rnjong vljvn dc mybrlujoa puip lcb
alrronr iujto-wly vljvn. Amnaf og tmn mlcbjn
dc iujto-wly vljvn os oc cnutrlj pdsotodc. Pnplor dr rnpjlan.
Amnaf rnjong vljvn dc anctrlj rdtlry edoct lcb
arlcn iujto-wly vljvn. Og dutrohhnrs bdns cdt
Qwoch sjuhhosm wdrf cdriljjy, amnaf og tmn rnjong vljvn dc
mybrlujoa puip lcb alrronr iujto-wly vljvn
rnlamns spnaogonb vljun.
0. Qnrodus octnrclj jnlflhn oc mybrlujoa idtdr. Pnplor dr rnpjlan.

1. Ocsug ﬌aonct prnssurn oc adctrdj doj aorauot dr pojdt vljvn glujty. Amnaf lcb rnplor.
2. Qnrodus octnrclj jnlflhn oc iloc vljvn. Amnaf, rnpjlan snlj
Qwoch
<. [ojdt vljvn glujty. Amnaf lcb rnplor.
systni @oh stlrtoch smdaf
0. Dvnr mohm oc ffltodc oc laauiujltdr. Lbeust.
Amlptnr 2 ^cstnlby swoch <. Qwoch `rlfn glujty. Amnaf lcb rnplor.
`rlfn 0. Qwoch iloc vljvn glujty. Amnaf lcb rnplor.
^ c l ` j n t d rn l j o z n <. Grnn sjoboch sdjncdob vljvn `jdafnb dr
Amnaf lcb rnplor.
grnn sjoboch lcb njnatroaoty aorauot glujty.
grnn sjoboch/jdafoch Lbeust prnssurn
0. Ocsug ﬌aonct prnssurn oc doj ocjnt dg `rlfn.rnjnlsn vljvn lcb
nxamlchn dg swoch pojdt doj
d oj aorauot
aorauo t rnjong
vljvn.
systni 1. Dvnr mohm prnssurn oc grnn sjoboch rnjong vljvn. Lbeust.
<. Amnaf jdaltoch `djt dc vljvn stni dg swoch
Rohmtnc lcb lbeust.
Dcjy swoch td dcn vljvn gdr jddsncnss.
bornatodc 0. L`rlsodc oc dcn bornatodc dg tmn mdjn dc dro﬌an
pjltn dc swoch idtdr llcb
cb jlr
jlrhn
hn octn
octnrclj
rclj jn
jnlflhn.
lflhn.
<. [rnssurn dg iloc rnjong vljvn oc arlcn iujto-wly vljvn snttoch tdd jdw. Lbeust.
0. Qnrodus octnrclj jnlflhn oc adctrdj vljvn lcb jdw adctrdj prnssurn. Amnaf, rnplor lcb lbeust.
1. Qnrodus octnrclj jnlflhn oc ayjocbnr. Amnaf lcb rnplor.
Ayjocbnr alccdt 2. Iloc puip prnssurn tdd jdw. Amnaf lcb rnplor.
@ddi nxtncb d oj aorauot, sdjncdob vljvn glujty. Amnaf, rnplor lcb lbeust.
>. Cd prnssurn oc pojdt doj
njnvltoch 7. [ojdt vljvn glujty. Amnaf lcb rnplor.
systni 8. ^cjdlb sdjncdob vljvn glujty, oc adcstlct ucjdlboch stltn. Amnaf lcb rnplor.
=. JIO glujty, ucjdlboch sohclj adctocudus. Amnaf lcb rnplor.
<. Rmn slin wotm l`dvn otnis >, 7, 8 lcb =. Amnaf lcb rnplor.
Ayjocbnr alccdt
0. Njnvltoch aductnr`ljlcan vljvn alccdt dpnc. Amnaf lcb rnplor.
rntrlat
1. Dvnr mohm `laf prnssurn oc iloc doj rnturc aorauot. Amnaf lcb rnplor.
2-
2-0
0 Ad
Adii
iidc
dc Rrd
Rrdu`
u`jn
jnss lc
lcb
bRRrd
rdu`
u`jn
jnsm
smdd
ddto
toch
ch

2. Octnrclj jnlflhn dg ayjocbnr, dvnr jdw

pr ns su rn , uc l` jn td dp nc ad uc tn r` lj lc an
vljvn, doj oc amli`nr wotmdut rdb alccdt Amnaf lcb rnplor.
Ayjocbnr alccdt rntrlat rnturc td doj tlcf, lcb ayjocbnr ily nxtncb.
>. [rnssurn dg snadcblry rnjong vljvn oc
Lbeust.
iujto-wly vljvn snttoch tdd jdw
jdw..
Cdrilj njnvltoch
nj nvltoch <. Adctrdj postdc oc njnvltoch aductnr`ljlcan vljvn snoznb, alccdt brovn sjoboch vljvn. Pnplor.
prnssur n ùt `dd
prnssurn `ddii
alccdt jdwnr 0. Rmrdttjn `drn dc adctrdj postdc dg njnvltoch aductnr`ljlcan vljvn `jdafnb. Ajnlc.
<. Octnrclj jnlflhn oc ayjocbnr
ayjocbnr.. Pnplor dr rnpjlan.
Lutdiltoa `ddi
rntrlatodc oc 0. Aductnr`ljlcan vljvn glujty, ucl`jn td jdaf. Pnplor dr rnpjlan.
@ddi dpnrltodc
1. Mohm prnssurn oc adctrdj systni. Amnaf lcb rnplor.
njnvltoch Amnaf slgnty vljvn dc
<. Cd prnssurn dr dvnr jdw prnssurn oc
systni pu ip lc b iu jt o- wl y
systni. vljvn (slin toin wotm
Cd prnssurn
prnss urn dr d
dvnr
vnr tnjnsadpoch systni) Amlptnr 2
jdw prnssurn oc 0. Blilhn lcb octnrclj jnlflhn oc njnvltoch ucot dg iujto-wly vljvn. Amnaf lcb rnplor.
njnvltodc 1. Blipoch dg adcffuncanb vljvn bnadupjnb. Amnaf lcb rnplor.
2. Octnrclj jnlflhn oc njnvltoch ayjocbnr
ayjocbnr.. Amnaf lcb rnplor.
>. Adcffuncanb vljvn glujty. Amnaf lcb rnplor.
< ＃ Wo`rltoch lcb cdosn oc `dtm njnvltodc up lcb bdwc,
nspnaoljjy oc dvnr mohm doj tnipnrlturn lcb ncvordcinctlj
tnipnrlturn, njnvltoch ayjocbnr os dvnr tohmt, ilocjy `nalusn

Amnaf lcb rnplor.
tmn huobn sjnnvn oc tmn njnvltoch ayjocbnr dr cyjdc suppdrtoch
Wo`rltoch oc
roch dc tmn postdc lrn ocffuncanb `y tnipnrlturn lcb nxplcb.
njnvltodc
0. Wo`rltoch oc njnvltoch bdwc5 dpncoch prnssurn dg
`ljlcan vljvn snttoch tdd mohm, tmrdttjn `drn dc adctrdj
postdc dg `l jlcan vljvn tdd jlrhn, prnssurn dg snadcblry Amnaf lcb rnplor.
rnjong vljvn oc iujto-wly vljvn snttoch tdd mohm.
<. [rnssurn dg rnjong vljvn adctrdjjoch
nxtncsodc oc tnjnsadpoch adctrdj vljvn Lbeust.
snttoch tdd jdw.
@ddi wojj cdt nxtncb
0. Rmn slin wotm otnis <, 0, 1, 2, >, 7, 8 lcb
Amnaf, rnplor lcb lbeust.
= oc ayjocbnr alccdt nxtncb.
@ddi
<. [rnssurn dg rnjong vljvn oc iujto-wly vljvn snttoch tdd jdw. Lbeust.
tnjnsadpoch
@ddi wojj cdt rntrlat 0. Aductnr`ljlcan vljvn glujty, ucl`jn td dpnc. Amnaf, rnplor dr rnpjlan.
systni
1. Rmn slin wotm otnis 0, 2, > lcb 7 oc ayjocbnr alccdt nxtncb. Amnaf, rnplor lcb lbeust.
<. Aductnr`ljlcan vljvn glujty, ucl`jn td jdaf. Pnplor.
@ddi rntrlats buroch 0. Octnrclj jnlflhn oc ayjocbnr
ayjocbnr.. Pnplor.
dpnrltodc 1. Jnlfnhn oc ayjocbnr, vljvn dr popn adccnatdr. Pnplor.
2. Mohm prnssurn oc adctrdj systni. Amnaf lcb rnplor.
Adiidc Rrdu`jns lcb Rrdu`jnsmddtoch 2-1


<. Rmn huobn sjnnvn oc tmn njnvltoch ayjocbnr

Wo`rltoch buroch dr cyjdc suppdrtoch roch dc tmn postdc lrn Lbeust dr rnpjlan.
ocffuncanb `y tmn tnipnrlturn lcb nxplcb.
`ddi tnjnsadpoch
tnjn sadpoch
0. @ddi sjobnr tdd tohmt, `lb ju`roaltodc. Lbeust.
@ddi nxtncb <. Octnrclj blilhn oc tnjnsadpoch ayjocbnr. Lbeust dr rnpjlan.
lutdiltoaljjy lgtnr
0. Aductnr`ljlcan vljvn blilhnb. Pnpjlan.
stdppoch tmn nchocn,
@ddi
wmnc rntrlatoch 0cb
tnjnsadpoch `ddi snatodc, 1rb, 2tm
lcb >tm `ddi snatodcs
systni
nxtncb lutdiltoaljjy, Amnaf lcb rnplor.
1. Rnjnsadpoch nxamlchn vljvn glujty.
wmnc rntrlatoch 1rb, 2tm
lcb >tm `ddi snatodcs,
0cb `ddi snatodc
nxtncbs lutdiltoaljjy
1rb, 2tm lcb >tm `ddi <. Wljvn spddj `jdafnb dr adctrdj njnatroa aorauot `rdfnc. Amnaf lcb rnplor.
Amlptnr 2 snatodcs alccdt tnjnsadpn
lcb prnssurn os mohm 0. Iloc vljvn spddj `jdafnb oc drohoclj pdsotodc. Amnaf lcb rnplor.
0cb `ddi snatodc <. Qdjncdob vljvn spddj `jdafnb oc dpnc pdsotodc. Amnaf lcb rnplor.
alccdt tnjnsadpn lcb
prnssurnn os moh
prnssur mohmm 0. Iloc vljvn spddj `jdafnb oc ayjocbnr adccnatoch pdsotodc. Amnaf lcb rnplor.
<. Rdd jdw prnssurn snttoch dg rnjong vljvn oc arlcn iujto-vljvn. Lbeust.
0. Mybrlujoa idtdr glujty. Amnaf lcb rnplor.
1. Qnrodus octnrclj jnlflhn dg adctrdj iloc vljvn. Amnaf lcb rnplor.
2. Iloc puip prnssurn tdd jdw. Amnaf lcb rnplor.
Xocam wojj cdt mdost
>. Cd prnssurn oc pojdt doj aorauot. Amnaf lcb rnplor.
up jdlbs
7. [ojdt vljvn glujty. Amnaf lcb rnplor.
8. ^cjdlb sdjncdob vljvn glujty, oc adcstlct ucjdlboch stltn. Amnaf lcb rnplor.
Xocam =. JIO glujty
glujty,, ucjdlboch sohclj adctocudus. Amnaf lcb rnplor.
systni ?. Xocam `rlfn glujty. Amnaf lcb rnplor.

<. Xocam aductnr`ljlcan vljvn glujty. Amnaf lcb rnplor.
0. Adctrdj doj aorauot dg aductnr`ljlcan vljvn `jdafnb. Amnaf lcb rnplor.
1. Xocam `rlfn glujty. Amnaf lcb rnplor `rlfn.
Xocam wojj cdt jnt <. Amnaf mybrlujoa
adctrdjjnb amlchn vljvn
dut rdpn oc pdwnr 2. Cd prnssurn oc `rlfn ocjnt aorauot. 0. Amnaf lcb rnplor
mdost-bdwc idbn pr
prns
nssu
surn
rn rnj nls n vljvn
vl jvn
lcb rnjong vljvn
>. Cd prnssurn oc pojdt doj aorauot. Amnaf lcb rnplor.
7. [ojdt vljvn glujty. Pnplor dr rnpjlan.
8. Qnrodus jnlflhn oc wocam idtdr. Pnplor.
2-
2-2
2 Ad
Adii
iidc
dc R
Rrd
rdu`
u`jn
jnss lc
lcb
bRRrd
rdu`
u`jn
jnsm
smdd
ddto
toch
ch

<. Doj dc tmn `rlfn groatodc bosa. Ajnlc.

0. @rlfn groatodc bosa wdrc. Lbeust dr rnpjlan.
@rlfn os ocnggnatovn 1. Lor nctnroch `rlfoch doj aorauot. @jnnb lor.

2. Ilstnr ayjocbnr glujty
glujty.. Pnplor.
<. Jdw vdjuintroa ng ﬌aoncay oc puip. Amnaf lcb rnplor.
0. Bovobnr vljvn oc iujto-wly vljvn cdt ajdsnb. Lbeust.
Mdost spnnb cdt
1. Adc ffuncanb vljvn oc iujto-wly vljvn bdns cdt adc ffuncan. Amnaf lcb rnplor.
rnlamoch tmn
2. Iujto-wly vljvn glujty
glujty.. Amnaf lcb rnplor.
bnsohcnb bnilcb
>. Mohm jnlflhn oc iloc slgnty vljvn. Lbeust.
wotmdut jdlbs
7. Mohm jnlflhn oc mybrlujoa idtdr. Lbeust.
8. Og ot os vlrol`jn mybrlujoa idtdr, amnaf
Amnaf.
wmntmnr oc spnao﬌nb ioc. bospjlaninct.
Amlptnr 2
<. Cdt gujjy dpncnb `rlfn. Amnaf lcb rnplor.
0. Iujto-wly vljvn glujty
glujty.. Amnaf lcb rnplor.
Xocam 1. Mybrlujoa idtdr glujty
glujty.. Amnaf, rnplor dr rnpjlan.
Xocam vo`rltoch
systni 2. Aductnr`ljlcan vljvn glujty. Amnaf, rnplor dr rnpjlan.
>. [rnssurn dg snadcblry rnjong vljvn oc iujto-wly vljvn snttoch tdd mohm. Lbeust.
7. ^cstnlby dpnrltoch dg wocam systni. Lbeust.
<. Mohm jnlflhn oc iloc slgnty vljvn. Lbeust.
Pdtltoch spnnb 0. Mohm jnlflhn oc mybrlujoa idtdr. Lbeust.
bnarnlsoch wmnc 1. Jdw doj bospjlaninct oc mybrlujoa puip. Amnaf lcb rnplor.
mdostoch jdlbs 2. Iujto-wly vljvn glujty
glujty.. Amnaf, rnplor dr rnpjlan.
>. Dvnrjdlb daauroch. Lbeust.
<. Mohm aductnr prnssurn oc rnturc aorauot. Lbeust.

Lutdiltoa jdwnroch 0. Ocdpnrltovn `rlfn. Amnaf lcb rnplor.
wmnc jdlbs lrn jogtnb 1. Mohm jnlflhn oc mybrlujoa idtdr. Lbeust.
2. Aductnr`ljlcan vljvn glujty. Amnaf lcb rnplor.
<. Mybrlujoa idtdr blilhnb. Amnaf, rnplor dr rnpjlan.
0. Pnbuanr blilhnb. Amnaf, rnplor dr rnpjlan.
1. Aductnr`ljlcan vljvn glujty. Amnaf, rnplor dr rnpjlan.
L`cdrilj cdosn oc
2. Mohm doj vosadsoty. Pnpjlan.
wocam dpnrltodc
>. Lor nctnroch. Lbeust.
7. Ocffuncan dg dutsobn vo`rltodc. Lbeust.
8. Adctliocltnb doj. Pnpjlan.
=. [rnssurn dg snadcblry rnjong vljvn oc iujto-wly vljvn snttoch tdd mohm. Lbeust.
Adiidc Rrdu`jns lcb Rrdu`jnsmddtoch 2->


<. Jdw vdjuintroa ng ﬌aoncay oc puip. Amnaf lcb rnplor.

0. Bovobnr vljvn oc iujto-wly vljvn cdt ajdsnb. Amnaf lcb rnplor.
Mdost spnnb cdt
1. Adcffuncanb vljvn oc iujto-wly vljvn bdns cdt adc ffuncan. Amnaf lcb rnplor.
rnlamoch tmn
2. Iujto-wly vljvn glujty. Amnaf, rnplor dr rnpjlan.
bnsohcnb rnquorninct
wotm mnlvy jdlbs >. Mohm jnlflhn oc iloc slgnty vljvn. Lbeust.
7. Mohm jnlflhn oc mybrlujoa idtdr. Lbeust.
Xocam 8. Og ot os vlrol`jn mybrlujoa idtdr, amnaf wmntmnr ot os vlrol`jn. Amnaf.

<. Iloc slgnty vljvn glujty. Amnaf lcb rnplor.
systni
Mdost alccdt rdtltn 0. Mohm jnlflhn oc mybrlujoa idtdr. Lbeust.
bun td jdw prnssurn 1. Jottjn octnrclj jnlflhn oc mybrlujoa puip. Lbeust.
2. Iujto-wly vljvn glujty. Amnaf, rnplor dr rnpjlan.
<. Dvnrjdlb daaurs. Lbeust.
Amlptnr 2
0. @rlfn ocdpnrltovn, `rlfn groatodc bosa
Mdost alccdt rdtltn wdrc, `rlfn groatodc bosa adctliocltnb, lor
Amnaf lcb rnplor.
wmnc prnssurn os nctnroch `rlfn popnjocn, jnlflhn dg `rlfn
cdrilj joquob dr `rlfn popnjocn bngnatovn.
1. Mybrlujoa idtdr glujty. Amnaf lcb rnplor.
2. Pnbuanr glujty. Amnaf, rnplor dr rnpjlan.
Ocsncsotovn gucatodc <. Jdw prnssurn oc adctrdj doj aorauot. Lbeust.
Nxnautovn dg ﬌cn adctrdj,
0. [ojdt prnssurn rnjnlsn vljvn glujty. Amnaf lcb rnplor.
systni adctrdjjl`jn lcb
prdpdrtodclj
prdpdrto dclj 1. Iloc vljvn glujty. Amnaf lcb rnplor.
<. Mohm octnrclj jnlflhn oc iloc puip. Amnaf lcb rnplor.
Mybrlujoa doj tdd
0. Pnjong vljvn oc iujto-wly vljvn glujty. Amnaf lcb rnplor.
mnlt, idvninct
Mybrlujoa 1. Dvnr mohm dpncoch prnssurn oc aductnr`ljlcan vljvn. Amnaf lcb rnplor.
spnnb dg nxnautovn
systni systni sjdw 2. Mohm jnlflhn oc wocam idtdr. Amnaf lcb rnplor.
>. Jdw lbeustoch prnssurn dg rnjong vljvn oc iloc puip. Amnaf lcb rnplor.
Jdw prnssurn oc <. [rnssurn dg rnjong vljvn snttoch tdd jdw. Pn-lbeust prnssurn.
systni lcb bnsohc
vljun 0. Mohm jnlflhn oc doj puip. Pnpjlan doj puip.
Xdrfoch johmt bdnsc't <. @u``jn ùrcnb dut. Pnpjlan.
johmt. 0. Gusn `jdwc. Pnpjlan.
@ddi johmt bdnsc't
1. Nlrtmoch glujty. Pnplor.
johmt.
Pddi johmt bdnsc't >. Xorn `rdfnc. Pnplor.
johmt. 7. Qwotam glujty. Pnplor dr rnpjlan.
2-
2-7
7 Ad
Adii
iidc
dc R
Rrd
rdu`
u`jn
jnss lcb R
Rrd
rdu`
u`jn
jnsm
smdd
ddto
toch
ch

<. Gusn `jdwc. Pnpjlan.

0. Qwotam glujty. Pnpjlan.
Xopnrs ocdpnrltovn 1. Idtdr glujty

glujty.. Pnpjlan.
2. Nlrtmoch glujty. Pnplor.
>. Xorn `rdfnc. Pnplor.
<. Nlrtmoch glujty. Pnplor.
0. Qwotam glujty. Pnpjlan.
@uzznr bdns cdt 1. Pnjly glujty. Pnpjlan.
sducb 2. Xorn `rdfnc. Pnplor.
Xocam >. @uzznr glujty. Pnplor dr rnpjlan.
systni 7. JIO glujty
glujty.. Adctlat dur snrvoan stltodc.
^cl`jn td dpnrltn oc <. Gusn `jdwc dr jddsn. Pnplor dr rnpjlan.

tmn dpnrltdr's al` Amlptnr 2
0. Xorn `rdfnc, swotam glujty. Pnplor dr rnpjlan.
0. Pnjly glujty. Pnpjlan.
JIO glujty
1. Qdjncdob vljvn glujty. Pnplor dr rnpjlan.
2. Qdjncdob vljvn nlrtmoch glujty. Pnplor.
>. Dtmnrs. Adctlat dur adiplcy.
0. Adrb rnnj glujty. Pnplor dr rnpjlan.
1. Xorn `rdfnc. Pnplor.
Lcto-twd `jdaf 2. Joiot swotam glujty. Pnpjlan.

ocdpnrltovn >. Xnohmt rdpn `rdfnc. Pnpjlan.
7. Qdjncdob vljvn glujty. Pnplor dr rnpjlan.

8. Qdjncdob vljvn nlrtmoch glujty. Pnplor.
=. Joiot swotam nlrtmoch glujty. Pnplor.
?. JIO glujty
glujty.. Adctlat dur adiplcy.
Adiidc Rrdu`jns lcb Rrdu`jnsmddtoch 2-8


2-0 Xorn rdpn rnpjlaninct
2-0-< Xorn rdpn rnpjlaninct stlcblrb

Xorn rdpn ily `n gltohun ls toin plssns `y. Adctocudus uslhn dg tmn worn rdpn ily `n blchnrdus.
Ocspnat lcb Pnpjlan tmn worn rdpn laadrboch td tmn H@>?80 Jogtoch Ilamocnry Ocspnatodc lcb Bosalrb
Qtlcblrb. Xn
Xn prdvobn tmn gdjjdwoch adcbotodcs td rnpjlan tmn worn rdpn5
<. Rmn `rdfnc worn rdpn rnlamns dr nxannbs <;% dg tmn tdtlj cui`nr oc dcn jlynr (nxajuboch ﬌jjnr
worn).
0. Bolintnr rnbuatodc vljun nxannbs 8% dg tmn cdioclj bolintnr.
1. Focfnb worn rdpn.
2. D`vodusjy bngdriltodc dr nxanssovnjy bngdrinb (ocbnctnb strlcb, prdtrusodc dg worns) dr adrrdbn

worn rdpns.
Amlptnr 2
>. Xorn rdpns wotm lc l`cdrilj rdpn ncb.
2-0-
2-0-0
0 Pnquorninct dc tmn worn rdpn `ngdrn ocstljjltodc
Rmn cnwjy rnpjlanb worn rdpn smdujb `n tmn slin ls tmn drohoclj dcn oc tnris dg worn rdpn typn
lcb spnao﬌altodc. Og l boggnrnct typn dg worn rdpn mls td `n ocstljjnb, tmn austdinr iust lsanrtloc tmlt
tmn strnchtm `nmlvodr dg tmn cnw dcn os cd jnss tmlc tmn djb dcn lcb tmn cnw worn rdpn mls td ﬌t wnjj
wotm tmn brui lcb smnlvn trduhm.
Dcn ncb dg tmn rnpjlanb worn rdpn iust `n ﬌xnb lcb tmn sozn iust `n tmn slin ls tmn drohoclj dcn.
2-
2-=
= Ad
Adii
iidc
dc Rrd
Rrdu`
u`jn
jnss lc
lcb
bRRrd
rdu`
u`jn
jnsm
smdd
ddto
toch
ch

2-0-1 Xorn rdpn rnpjlaninct

Rlfn tmn iloc wocam rnpjlaninct ls lc nxlipjn td nxpjloc tmn worn rdpn rnpjlaninct prdanss.
Qnt arlcn dc ﬌ri lcb fflt hrducb, gujjy rntrlat tmn `ddi, tmnc bd tmn gdjjdwoch5
Cd. [rdanburn Cdtn Rddjs
[jlan tmn iloc mddf `jdaf dc tmn

hrducb.
Lvdob bosdrbnrjy rdpn wocboch
<
dc tmn brui.
Bosadccnat tmn rdpn sdafnt grdi tmn

`ddi mnlb dr iloc m
mddf
ddf `jdaf
`jdaf..
Amlptnr 2
Fnnp tmn plrts alrngujjy sd ls
0 Xrncam
cdt td jdsn tmni.
Pnidvn tmn
rdpn grdi tmn
rdpn sdafnt. @lr
Fnnp tmn plrts alrngujjy sd ls
1 Mliinr
cdt td jdsn tmni.
Xrncam
Jnt dut tmn rdpn `y turcoch tmn

wocam ucbnr pdwnr.
[ujj tmn rdpn.

2
Adiidc Rrdu`jns lcb Rrdu`jnsmddtoch 2-?


Pnidvn tmn rdpn ncb grdi tmn

wocam brui. Fnnp tmn wnbhn.
@lr
>
Mliinr
Pnnvn tmn cnw rdpn dvnr ljj tmn Rmrduhm tmn adrrnat rdutn.
smnlvns. @ocb tmn rdpn ncb wotm l worn dr
vocyj tlpn.
Xorn dr
Amlptnr 2
7 vocyj tlpn
Ocstljj tmn rdpn ncb td tmn wocam <. [ut tmn wnbhn
brui. oc tmn adrrnat
dronctltodc.
8 0.Rmn rdpn ncb iust

Mliinr
cdt prdtrubn grdi tmn
nxtnrclj pnropmnry dg
tmn brui.
Xocb tmn rdpn dc tmn brui. <. Lvdob bosdrbnrjy rdpn wocboch
dc tmn brui.
0. @ocb tmn rdpn ncb wotm l worn
dr vocyj tlpn. Xorn dr vocyj
tlpn
=
2-<;
2-<; Ad
Adiid
iidc
c Rr
Rrdu`
du`jns
jns lc
lcb
b Rr
Rrdu
du`jn
`jnsmd
smddto
dtoch
ch

Pnnvn tmn rdpn dvnr tmn smnlvns lt

tmn `ddi mnlb lcb tmn mddf `jdaf.
? Nxnraosn alrn td rdutn tmn rdpn

adrrnatjy.
Lttlam tmn rdpn sdafnt lcb rdpn

ajlip td tmn rdpn.
Amlptnr 2
<; [ut tmn wnbhn oc tmn adrrnat Mliinr

dronctltodc. Xrncam
Lttlam tmn rdpn sdafnt td tmn `ddi

mnlb dr tmn mddf `jdaf bnpncboch
dc tmn cui`nr dg plrts dg jocn.
<<
Xrncam
Plosn lcb nxtncb tmn `ddi, tmnc Bdc't jdwnr tmn mddf `jdaf
jdwnr tmn mddf `jdaf uctoj cd turc nxanssovnjy. Dtmnrwosn tmn rdpn @lr
<0 dg tmn rdpn rnilocs dc tmn wocam ily `n blilhnb. Mliinr
brui.
Adiidc Rrdu`jns lcb Rrdu`jnsmddtoch 2-<<


Mdost up l wnohmt wmoam lppjons

Bd cdt nxannb tmn tdtlj rltnb
lpprdx. 1;% dg tmn "ilxoiui
Mliinr,
<1 pn ri o ss o` jn jd lb g dr dc n s oc hj n jdlb. Ilxoiui pnriosso`jn jdlb splccnr
gdr sochjn wocam rdpn os 0=;;fh.
wocam rdpn" td tmn rdpn lcb tmnc
wocb tmn rdpn dc tmn brui
Pnidvn tmn jdlb grdi iloc mddf
<2
`jdaf.
Amlptnr 2
2-<0
2-<0 Ad
Adiid
iidc
c Rr
Rrdu`
du`jns
jns lc
lcb
b Rr
Rrdu
du`jn
`jnsmd
smddto
dtoch
ch

2-1 Doj rnturc ﬌jtnr
2-1-< Cdtns dc dpnrltodc
<. Qtdw tmn `ddi.
0. Qtdp tmn puip.
Pnpjlan tmn ﬌jtnr njninct lt tmn octnrvljs smdwc `njdw5
Bnjovnry Gojtnr Gojtnr

1 idctms Nvnry 7 idctms
bltn rnpjlaninct rnpjlaninct
2-1-0 Pnpjlaninct intmdb Amlptnr 2
Pnidvn tmn advnr.
<
Xrncam
Pnidvn ﬌jtnr lssni`jy
Gojtnr
lssni`jy
0
Adiidc Rrdu`jns lcb Rrdu`jnsmddtoch 2-<1


Pnidvn tmn sclp

poc, jddsnc
jdd snc tmn
cut lcb tlfn dut Lgtnr tmn snljoch surglan ilfns
1 njninct. adctlat wotm tmn njninct nvncjy,
Xrncam
gurtmnr tohmtnc tmn cut wotmoc dcn
turc lcb ocsnrt tmn sclp poc.
Lgtnr ﬌jtnr njninct

rnpjlaninct lcb
ocstljj tmn ﬌jtnr. Lgtnr tmn snljoch surglan ilfns
Amlptnr 2 adctlat wotm tmn njninct nvncjy,
2 gurtmnr tohmtnc tmn cut wotmoc dcn Xrncam
turc lcb ocsnrt tmn sclp poc.
Ocstljj tmn ﬌jtnr lssni`jy.
>
Ocstljj tmn advnr.
7 Xrncam
2-<2
2-<2 Ad
Adiid
iidc
c Rr
Rrdu`
du`jns
jns lc
lcb
b Rr
Rrdu
du`jn
`jnsmd
smddto
dtoch
ch

2-2 Jocn doj gojtnr (rnpjlan gojtnr

njninct)
<. Cdtns dc dpnrltodc5

‒ Qtdw tmn `ddi.
‒ Qtdp tmn puip.
0. Pnpjlan tmn ﬌jtnr njninct lt tmn octnrvljs

smdwc `njdw5
Bnjovnry Gojtnr
Nvnry <0 idctms
bltn rnpjlaninct
Amlptnr 2
Adiidc Rrdu`jns lcb Rrdu`jnsmddtoch 2-<>


Amlptnr 2
2-<7

Amlptnr > Lppncbox
>-< Iloc plrts jost
Rl`jn >-< \_8;F-ⅫRruaf Arlcn Iloc [lrts Jost
Anrto﬌altodc
Cd. Iltnrolj adbn Clin Nctnrprosn
rnilrf
< ]U8;F Rruaf arlcn alrronr ]MIA
]uzmdu Pdtmn Nrbn,
0 =;;>;<;0> Qjnwoch `nlroch Illc Glchyulc
Pnxrdtm
=;;1;;22;
1 Qwoch rnbuanr ]uzmdu Qmnch`lch
<17<;;7><
Eoclc Fdiltsu
@noeoch Mulbn
2 =;1;;;02; Idtdr
Lvoa Joyulc
=;;1;;<7;
Xocam rnbuanr (iloc wocam systni) Amlptnr >
=;;1;;2;7 Pnxrdtm
=;;1;;>7> ]uzmdu Fnyulc
>
=;;1;;<72 ]uzmdu Qmnch`lch
Xocam rnbuanr (luxojolry wocam
=;;1;;2;8 Eoclc Fdiltsu
systni)
<17<;;7>;
=;1;;<8>8 Idtdr oc iloc wocam systni Pnxrdtm
7
=;1;;<7=> Idtdr oc luxojolry wocam systni QLIM_BPL^JOF
Xorn rdpn gdr iloc wocam systni J90;>i Eolchsu Jlchsmlc

8 <<><;;2=7 Eujo Qjoch
Xorn rdpn gdr luxojolry wocam systni J9<0>i Eolchsu Glstnc Pdpn
= =;1;;<7;? Iloc vljvn @uamnr Hnrilcy
Lppncbox >-<

>-0 Xnlr plrts jost
Rl`jn >-0 \_8;F-ⅫRruaf Arlcn Xnlr [lrts Jost
Cd. Iltnrolj adbn Clin Iltnrolj \ty Lssni`joch pdsotodc
< <<0<;<>>< Qjobn `jdaf =;2 pjlstoa 7 Mnlb dg tmn <st, 0cb lcb 1rb `ddi snatodc (uppnr)
0 <<0<;<>>0 Qjobn `jdaf =;2 pjlstoa ?7 Mnlb dg tmn <st, 0cb lcb 1rb `ddi snatodc (jdwnr)
1 =;<?;<1=> Qjobn `jdaf =;2 pjlstoa 0 Rloj dg tmn 0cb `ddi snatodc (uppnr)
2 =<??;22=< Qjobn `jdaf =;2 pjlstoa 0 Rloj dg tmn 1rb `ddi snatodc (uppnr)
> =<??;22=0 Qjobn `jdaf =;2 pjlstoa 0 Rloj dg tmn 2tm `ddi snatodc (uppnr)
7 =<??;22=2 Qjobn `jdaf =;2 pjlstoa 0 Mnlb dg tmn 2tm `ddi snatodc (uppnr)
8 =<??;22=> Qjobn `jdaf =;2 pjlstoa < Mnlb dg tmn 2tm `ddi snatodc (jdwnr)
= =<??;22=7 Qjobn `jdaf =;2 pjlstoa < Mnlb dg tmn 2tm `ddi snatodc (jdwnr)
? =<??;22=8 Qjobn `jdaf =;2 pjlstoa < Mnlb dg tmn 2tm `ddi snatodc (jdwnr)
<; =<??;22== Qjobn `jdaf =;2 pjlstoa < Mnlb dg tmn 2tm `ddi snatodc (jdwnr)
<< =<??;22=? Qjobn `jdaf =;2 pjlstoa < Mnlb dg tmn 2tm `ddi snatodc (jdwnr)
<0 =<??;22?; Qjobn `jdaf =;2 pjlstoa < Mnlb dg tmn 2tm `ddi snatodc (jdwnr)
<1 =<??;22?< Qjobn `jdaf =;2 pjlstoa < Mnlb dg tmn 2tm `ddi snatodc (jdwnr)
Amlptnr >
<2 =<??;22?0 Qjobn `jdaf =;2 pjlstoa < Mnlb dg tmn 2tm `ddi snatodc (jdwnr)
<> =<??;22?1 Qjobn `jdaf =;2 pjlstoa 0 Rloj dg tmn >tm `ddi snatodc (uppnr)
>-0 Lppncbox

Amlptnr >
>-1

Amlptnr >
>-2

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\_8;F- Ⅻ Rruaf Arlcn Iloctnclcan Ilculj

Amptnr 0 Iloctnclcan lcb Qnrvoan dc Jogtoch Dpnrltodc ..........................................................................

0-< @ddi lcb tnjnsadpoch systni .....................................................................................................

0-<-< [lrt gucatodc .........................................................................................

0-<-0 Xdrfoch procaopjn ..................................................................................................

0-<-1 Dpnrltodc lcb iloctnclcan.................................................................................................... 0-<

0-0 Xocam systni ...............................................................................................................................

0-0-< [lrt gucatodc .........................................................................................

0-0-0 Xdrfoch procaopjn lcb struaturn ............................................................................................. 0->

0-1 Qjnwoch roch .................................................................................................................................

0-1-< [lrt gucatodc .........................................................................................

0-1-0 Xdrfoch procaopjn lcb struaturn ............................................................................................. 0-=

0-1-1 Lxolj ajnlrlcan lcb rlbolj ajnlrlcan ...................................................................................... 0-=

0-2 Qwoch systni ..............................................................................................................

0-2-< [lrt gucatodc .........................................................................................

0-2-0 Xdrfoch procaopjn lcb struaturn ............................................................................................. 0-?

0-2-1 Dpnrltodc lcb iloctnclcan.................................................................................................. 0-<;

0->-< [lrt gucatodc .........................................................................................

0->-0 Xdrfoch procaopjn lcb struaturn ........................................................................................... 0-<<

0-7 Mybrlujoa idtdr .........................................................................................

0-7-< [lrt gucatodc .........................................................................................

0-7-0 Xdrfoch procaopjn lcb struaturn ........................................................................................... 0-<1

0-7-1 Rrdu`jns lcb trdu`jnsmddtoch ............................................................................................... 0-<2

0-8 Pdtlry `uggnr vljvn ....................................................................................................................

0-8-< [lrt gucatodc .........................................................................................

\_8;F- Ⅻ Rruaf Arlcn Iloctnclcan Ilculj

0-= Mdost aductnr`ljlcan vljvn .............................................................................................

0-=-< [lrt gucatodc .........................................................................................................................

0-=-0 Xdrfoch procaopjn lcb struaturn ........................................................................................... 0-<7

0-=-1 Xdrfoch procaopjn lcb struaturn ........................................................................................... 0-<7

0-?-< [lrt gucatodc .........................................................................................................................

0-?-0 Xdrfoch procaopjn lcb struaturn ........................................................................................... 0-<=

0-?-1 Boslssni`jy lcb rnlssni`jy ............................................................................................... 0-0;

0-<;-< [lrt gucatodc ...........................................................................................

0-<;-0 Xdrfoch procaopjn lcb struaturn ......................................................................................... 0-0<

0-<;-1 Dpnrltodc lcb iloctnclcan................................................................................................ 0-00

0-<<-< [lrt gucatodc ...........................................................................................

Xdrfoch procaopjn lcb struaturn dg tnjnsadpoch ayjocbnr Ⅻ ............................................... 0-01

Xdrfoch procaopjn lcb struaturn dg tnjnsadpoch ayjocbnr Ⅼ ............................................... 0-0>

0-<<-2 Boslssni`jy lcb rnlssni`jy.............................................................................................. 0-07

0-<0 Njnvltoch ayjocbnr ........................................................................................

0-<0-< [lrt gucatodc ...........................................................................................

0-<0-0 Xdrfoch procaopjn lcb struaturn ......................................................................................... 0-08

0-<0-1 Boslssni`jy lcb rnlssni`jy ............................................................................................. 0-0=

0-<1 Njnatroa systni iloctnclcan lcb samnins ..............................................................................

0-<2 Mybrlujoa systni procaopjn samnin ......................................................................................... 0-21

Amlptnr 1 Doj ..............................................................................................................................................

1-< Mybrlujoa doj ...................................................................................................................

1-0 Hnlr doj .........................................................................................

1-1 Hrnlsn ..........................................................................................................................................

1-2 Doj adiplrosdc ...............................................................................................................

1-> Bospdslj dg wlstn doj lcb lctogrnnzn ...........

Amlptnr 2 Adiidc trdu`jns lcb trdu`jnsmddtoch ..................................................................................... 2-<

2-< Adiidc trdu`jns lcb trdu`jnsmddtoch ........................................................................................ 2-<

2-0 Xorn rdpn rnpjlaninct .................................................................................................................

\_8;F- Ⅻ Rruaf Arlcn Iloctnclcan Ilculj

2-0-< Xorn rdpn rnpjlaninct stlcblrb ............................................................................................. 2-=