FISIOLOGIA I

ACTIVIDAD COMPLEMENTARIA
ATLAS GRAFICO CON ESCRITO PERSONAL EN INGLES
2019 – 02

DINA MARCELA ORTEGON PELAYO

1.094.946.898

DOCENTE: ANDREA LORENA RIAÑO SANCHEZ

UNIVERSIDAD SANTO TOMÁS

VICERRECTORÍA DE UNIVERSIDAD ABIERTA Y A DISTANCIA
FACULTAD CIENCIAS Y TECNOLOGIAS
ZOOTECNIA

CENTRO DE ATENCION UNIVERSITARIO ARMENIA

ARMENIA

OCTUBRE 2019

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Tabla de contenido

FISIOLOGIA I............................................................................................................................................1
1. MAMMARY GLAND OF COW...................................................................................................................3
1.1 ESTRUCTURA EXTERNA GLANDULA MAMARIA......................................................................................5
1.2 ESTRUCTURA INTERNA GLANDULA MAMARIA......................................................................................6
1.3 REFLEJO DE LA BAJADA DE LECHE HACIA LA GLANDULA MAMARIA......................................................7
1.4 SUSTANCIAS LIBERADAS EN LA BAJADA DE LECHE HACIA LA GLANDULA MAMARIA............................8

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 1. MAMMARY GLAND OF COW

The mammary gland of the cow is an exceptional organ, it is called udder and the cow is the only

animal that has four mammary glands and is the only one that undergoes cycles of differentiation

and regression throughout its life. The udder has the property of transforming all the nutrients

that the cow consumes in milk, it is necessary that they pass from 400 to 500 liters of blood to be

able to produce 1 liter of milk; this differs from excellent nutrition and udder's ability to store the

amount of milk produced.

The structure of the udder is designed to withstand all this weight since it has medium, lateral

and medial ligaments to support it to the body. The udder is divided into four compartments that

flow into a cistern or nipple for the exit of the milk, this is produced from the nutrients that the

blood carries to a structure called alveoli, and lobes that make up each of the compartments of

the udder. There is a very important part in milk production and it is the reflection of the milk

drop; since, there must be a hormonal signal that contracts myoepithelial cells to lower it, the

hormone that causes this to take place is called oxytocin.

This should be called towards the alveoli as a reflection that milk is needed; it is called a reflex

because it is involuntary, it begins as a neurological stimulus and in response the hormonal

release of oxytocin is given. The reflex can be visual as well as sensory; visual leaving in the

milking area its breeding and sensory when listening and is accustomed to the milking machine

or the simple manipulation of the nipples already makes this hormone segregated.

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As we mentioned earlier, one of the capabilities of the cow's mammary gland is that it has cell

regression to be able to enter a productive stage, such as when they are in a state of gestation or

after delivery. About two months before delivery, a cow must enter a period of stop producing

milk to allow these changes to happen and cell regression to face a new stage of lactation.

On the other hand, the product we want to obtain after seeing all the above is milk, milk is made

up of proteins, fats, sugars, vitamins and minerals. In the milk of the cow there are more than 400

different fatty acids, these come from the ruminal microflora and the ability of the mammary

gland to synthesize them. Cow's milk provides three essential fatty acids. The specific proteins of

milk, casein, lactoalbumins and lactoglobulins (perennial only in cow's milk), in addition to all

the macronutrients that we can find in milk, also provides vitamins and minerals that the female

incorporates from the diet.

In order for this mammary gland to become active and start producing milk, pregnancy and

delivery are necessary; since, there is a rearrangement in hormones, such as the decrease in

progesterone which is essential to maintain pregnancy and increase prolactin; These hormonal

changes are essential for epithelial cells to begin to synthesize milk abundantly.

The beginning of lactation in a cow is hormonal, when the first lactation occurs we talk about the

first secretion of the mammary gland called the colostrum that provides immune support.

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1.1 ESTRUCTURA EXTERNA GLANDULA MAMARIA

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1.2 ESTRUCTURA INTERNA GLANDULA MAMARIA

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1.3 REFLEJO DE LA BAJADA DE LECHE HACIA LA GLANDULA MAMARIA

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1.4 SUSTANCIAS LIBERADAS EN LA BAJADA DE LECHE HACIA LA GLANDULA MAMARIA