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ALTHEA MAE JAMES

BSIHM-HACLO 1-B-2

PACE

TOPIC 1

Question 1.1 Provide information on health, safety and security

1.1.a

List five health, safety and security issues that should be explained to personnel in an organisation.

1. The roles and responsibilities of each person in the workforce.

2. Use of Personal Protective Equipment to reduce and mitigate the risks and because workers are
exposed to significant risks of injury or illness if they do not wear proper PPE.
3. Regular workplace inspections to prevent incidents, injuries, illnesses, property damage, and
revenue loss.
4. Conduct hazard identification and risk assessment procedures and take appropriate actions to
ensure workplace safety
5. Ensure that the employees receive appropriate health, safety and security training, including
training related to safe manual handling

1.1.b

Suggest a communication method for each of the scenarios.

a. A floristry apprentice who is on their first day at work.

 Because it’s florist first day at work, induction should be the communication method used to
help the florist learn some information on how to use equipment and the safety measures
during work also the proper attire to be used or the personal protective equipment.

b. An experienced forklift operator who is being asked to use a brand new machine.

 A visual aid will be a great help in this kind of situation where in a video must contain on how to
operate, training and demonstration can appeal to an individual sense of sight and help further
illustrate a point

c. Regional director responsible for safety. Needs to be informed of the results of a new safety initiative.

 Reports are the ideal communication method in this situation because they aim to inform clearly
and are used to communicate about the most recent health and safety information.
Question 1.2

1.2a

List three barriers to communication. Provide an example for each communication barrier and explain
how you could overcome it.

1. Physical barriers to communication include social distancing, remote work, deskless nature of
work, closed office doors, and others. Modern technology frequently helps to lessen the effects
of physical barriers with the use of communication tools such as social media, video chatting,
and cloud-based systems it is much easier to collaborate and reach people quickly within the
workplace.
2. Emotional barriers to communication, such as mistrust and fear. Determining whether it is a
good time and place to communicate with the individual to respect a person's desire not to
communicate also communicating in a distraction-free environment can help.
3. Language barriers where the manner in which a person speaks, both verbally and nonverbally,
is referred to as a communication barrier. Being clear and using language that the individual
understands must be the one to be use ensuring that the person has correctly understood you.

1.2.b

List five methods you could use to make health, safety and security information readily available to
workers.

1. Regular meeting on workplace safety

2. Handbook for instructions and training
3. Use of label, signs and posters
4. Clarify and define safety responsibilities
5. Implement safety protocols from the start
TOPIC 2 Monitor safe work practices

Question 2.1

How can adherence to the listed health, safety and security procedures be monitored?

a. Fire evacuation procedure.

Fire drills must be run throughout the year, one every quarter. After a drill, conduct a debriefing to
determine what went well and what did not and whether all departments and personnel complied
with the evacuation procedures. Information from the de-brief will help identify any issues relating
to compliance with safety and security procedure.

b. Incident of accident reporting.

Action plans should also be amended when incidents or risk assessments identify hazards requiring
actions that are not immediately dealt with. Observations, conclusions, amendments and
recommendations should be documented for on going action as quarterly or annual reporting on
the implementation of action plans might be required.

c. HSR consultation with employees.

Have one-on-one meetings with the HSR and a number of other staff members to get their feedback
on the current health and safety consultation process.

d. Hazard identification and risk assessment.

Identify hazards and risk factors that have the potential to cause harm then analyze and evaluate
the risk associated with that hazard to determine the appropriate ways to eliminate the hazard, or
control the risk when the hazard cannot be eliminated. After identification is made, you analyze and
evaluate how likely and severe the risk is, proceed in the process of finding, listing, and
characterizing hazards to identify those things, situations, processes, etc. that may cause harm,
particularly to people.

e. Security—documents, equipment, cash, people and key controls.

Conduct an audit of who in the organisation has keys, match that the key control register and decide
if all personnel still need those keys or if some can be restricted. check the cash handling
procedures- storage of cash, where it is counted
Question 2.2

List three safe work practices that employees should adhere to. For each, explain what should be done
in the case of non-compliance.

1. Hazard identification - Overall, the goal is to find and record possible hazards that may be
present in your workplace. It may help to work as a team and include both people familiar with
the work area, as well as people who are not - this way you have both the experienced and fresh
eye to conduct the inspection. In either case, the person or team should be competent to carry
out the assessment and have good knowledge about the hazard being assessed, any situations
that might likely occur, and protective measures appropriate to that hazard or risk.

2. Incident or accident reporting- All accidents and incidents should be investigated, first to
determine the cause and record the event, second is to prevent recurrence of that accident and
also to comply with state of health and safety legislation and workers.

3. Risk assessment – it provides a basis for risk evaluation and decisions about risk control.
Through this consultation, managers and supervisors an be more aware of hazards of the health
and safety issues experienced by workers. Also, workers can provide suggestions about how to
solve the issue

Question 2.3

How could compliance with PPE procedures be monitored?

Compliance with wearing PPE procedures can be monitored by implementing the effectiveness of the
PPE program and should be monitored by inspection also by explaining the importance of wearing and
using PPE and providing them information how unsafe and it can lead to termination

Question 2.4

What action should you take if workers are not complying with health, safety and security procedures or
safe work practises?

 Determine the problem - as employer I want the safety of my employee, so that I want my
employee wear the PPE.
 Take action - when you have decided on a course of actions, implement it. Provide extra
training, supply PPE and make sure the supervisor monitors the correct use of PPE.
 Check the results - after a suitable period, revisit the issue to make sure your action are
successful.
Topic 3: Coordinate consultative arrangements for the management of health, safety and security
issues

Question 3.1

3.1.a

What are the PCBU’s obligations in relation to consultation?

A PCBU must consult, so far as is reasonably practicable, with workers who carry out work for the
business or undertaking and who are directly affected by a health and safety matter.

All PCBU's are required to ensure, no matter the size or industry type, so far as is reasonably practicable,
the health and safety of workers employed, engaged, influenced, or directed by the PCBU. In addition
they must ensure the safety of any other person who may be put at risk by work done by the PCBUs.

PCBU’s must Consult, Co-operate and Co-ordinate activities that impact on each other so as to reach
combined responsibilities. Consultation is a collaborative process between the PCBU and workers. It
involves sharing information about health and safety. PCBUs must give workers who are, or are likely to
be, directly affected by a matter relating to health and safety, a reasonable opportunity to express their
views or raise issues.

3.1.b

List three health and safety issues that should be included in consultative or participative processes.

1) identifying hazards and assessing risks.

2) making decisions about ways to remove or minimise those risks.
3) making decisions about the adequacy of facilities for the welfare of workers.

Question 3.2

List 10 strategies for providing workers with an opportunity to contribute their views on health, safety
and security matters.

1) seeking nominations for HSC membership or HSR role

2) encouraging staff to raise issues with HSR and HSC members or supervisors/ managers verbally or in
writing, including via email at regular team meetings or specific health and safety meetings

3) circulating agendas and minutes of health and safety meetings

4) recording health and safety issues in a management diary or on a designated whiteboard

5) seeking staff suggestions for content of health and safety policies and procedures, best practice, or
resolution of issues
6) questionnaires or surveys that invite staff feedback on health and safety issues

7) hazard notification and incident and accident/ injury reporting forms

8) workplace inspections

9) producing fact sheets to fully inform personnel about health and safety rights and responsibilities

10) formal and informal discussions with supervisors/ team leaders, HSR/ HSC members

Question 3.3

3.3.a

How might you resolve a health, safety and security issue brought up through use of the suggestions
box, with workplace has a HSR but not a HSE. List at least five steps that might be followed.

1) problem reported by employee using the suggestion box

2) problem could be immediately resolved by the HSR who reads the suggestions from the box

3) if the problem cannot be resolved by the HSR they could refer it to the employer

4) employer could resolve the issue in conjunction with the HSR

5) if the issue is not resolved then the HSR might involve a workplace inspector

6) the inspector will visit the workplace

3.3.b

List three advantages of involving a health, safety and security representative in resolution of a health,
safety and security issue.

1) an easily identifiable point of contact for individual employees seeking to provide input about health
and safety matters

2) a single, direct link to employees in the work group that elected the health and safety representative

3) feedback direct to the employer

Question 3.4

3.4.a

Who could you provide with feedback on health and safety management practices? List at least three
people or groups.

1) First aiders

2) HSR

3) Employees

3.4.b

List 10 methods that can be used to provide feedback on health, safety and security practises.

1) thru email
2) minutes of meetings
3) discussion with supervisors who can communicate the change to staff
4) newsletters
5) information sessions
6) coaching or mentoring
7) staff surveys and questionnaires
8) organizational forms
9) poster on notice boards
10) meeting individual staff

Topic 4: Implement and monitor procedures for identifying hazards, and assessing and controlling
risks

Question 4.1

4.1.a

When should a process to identify hazards take place?

-Both during planning and execution. creating a new system or process

-Before work is completed. equipment inspection or process monitoring

-While tasks are being done. Be alert for alterations, unusual circumstances, or unexpected emissions

-During inspections

-After incidents
4.1.b

Why is systematic hazard identification required before and during the installation or alteration of
machinery and equipment in a work organisation?

-In safety-critical businesses, doing a systematic risk analysis is required by law. The goal of systematic
risk analysis is to provide information to the risk management process regarding the potential for harm,
its likelihood of happening, and its potential severity.

4.1.c

Describe a three step process for conducting hazard identification in a workplace.

Step 1.Find the Risk (Hazard Identification)

Step 2.Analyze the Risk (Risk Assessment)

Step 3.Alter Your Behavior (Risk Control)

Trainer feedback Develop a plan of the workplace. This includes a floor plan and can include locations of
plant, doors, fire escapes, hazardous substances, and storage areas. Including product or work flow in
the plan will also assist in developing a systematic approach to inspections. Prepare a written description
of the workplace. This may include data such as accident and incident records, employee numbers,
shiftwork, overtime and downtime. Develop and use checklists. This will assist in ensuring that hazards
are identified and following risk assessment, that appropriate control measures will be selected.

Question 4.2

4.2.a

What is the difference between a risk and a hazard?

A hazard, as defined by the TUC, is something that can cause harm, and a risk is the chance, high or low,
that any hazard will actually cause somebody harm. and A risk would be a danger that these situations
may pose; for example, physical injury, chemical burns, RSI, or increased stress levels.

4.2.b

List five possible hazards that might apply in any workplace.

- Exposure to chemicals

- The risk of fire

- Repetitive use injury

- Injury due to electrical hazards

- Accidental falls and falling objects

4.2.c

Nominate two workplace tasks in the industry in which you work or intend to work. List the associated
hazards and estimate the risk—likelihood of injury and degree of harm. Develop a risk management
strategy for each.

4.2.d

What should you do if a colleague mentions to you they have identified a hazard in the workplace? The
colleague mentions this whilst in the lunchroom; you are unsure if they have completed a hazard
identification tool/ register or told the HSR or supervisor.

I need to tell others that they need to be alert to the following hazards and I'll report any actual or
potential health and safety hazard immediately to my supervisor. Because you do not need to wait for
an inspection team to come by.

In fact, health and safety legislation requires workers to report hazards to their supervisor. You can also
report health and safety hazards to your health and safety committee or representative, and union.The
immediate hazard reporting process allows workers to report hazardous conditions or practices as they
notice them. This procedure allows for prompt reporting and steps can be taken to control the hazards
without waiting for the next round of regular inspections.

Question 4.3

In the Central Sterile Supply Department (CSSD) of a large metropolitan hospital, enrolled nurses are
required to prepare and pack theatre trays for sterilisation and dispatch to the hospital’s operating
theatres. The procedure requires the nurses to bend over a large, deep sink to wash various steel
instruments and trays in warm soapy water. The tiled floors in front of the sink are often wet, and slips
are not uncommon.

After washing and drying the instruments and trays, the nurses package them according to theatre
requirements. They wrap the instruments of varying sizes and weights in cloth and carry them from the
preparation area to the high temperature sterilisers, where they lift them onto racks, ready for
sterilisation. On completion of the sterilisation process, the nurses remove the trays from the steriliser
and carry them past the preparation bench to load them onto trolleys for transfer to the theatre.
Due to budget cuts some months earlier, the number of CSSD staff has been reduced by three. However,
due to increasing waiting lists for elective surgery, the hospital administrators have decided to increase
the number of operations carried out by 15%. To help, a nurse’s assistant was employed two days
before the scheduled increase in theatre use.

The increased workloads mean that the nurses are unable to provide a formal job induction to the new
employee. The employee is assigned the job of packing the washed instruments onto the trays using a
checklist.

In theatre, staff are finding incorrect instruments on the trays.

1. List the hazards associated with this scenario.

2. In the table, document the risk level for each hazard identified. Use the risk assessment matrix
provided.

Show how you came to your final risk assessment. For example, Likely + Minor = High.

4. Use the risk priority table to list the hazards in priority order—from most urgent to least urgent.
Question 4.4

A college that trains people for the hospitality industry operates a number of kitchens and restaurants.

A large food store supplies the cookery lecturers, who place food orders and collect them daily for the
classes and the restaurants.

An industrial washing machine is located in the food store near the service desk. Tea towels used in the
kitchens are washed daily in the machine.

The washing machine is quite old and food store staff have started to complain about the noise it
generates. The initial response to this complaint was to put the food store staff in hearing protectors
(earmuffs or earplugs).

However, since their work is of a service nature, they need to be able to communicate with the cookery
lecturers and other staff.

1. List at least one control measure at each level of the hierarchy of control.

2. What is the most important requirement regarding control in a situation like this?

3. What method of control should be adopted and why?

Question 4.5

4.5.a

How can the effectiveness of controls be monitored?

Identifying hazard, assessing risk, and reviewing and documenting existing control measures

4.5.b

List seven questions you can ask to identify inadequacies in control measures.

1. What are the control measure

2. Do the staff know about these control measure

3. Are these control measures practiced by the staff

4. When is the being practice

5. Are the control measure being monitored

6. Who monitors the control measures

7. Who secure the control measures

Question 5.1 Your team is concerned that they have insufficient knowledge/ understanding of safety
procedures and legislative requirements in the workplace. They also feel that the incidence of accidents
in their section is higher than it should be

They have asked you to submit, to senior management, a proposal for a formal health and safety
training program.

What information would you include in the proposal and how would you encourage senior management
to support this initiative?

What procedures would you follow in gathering data and information to support your proposal?

Explain what critical health and safety information should be contained in a new worker induction
program.

Why is only providing induction training and no follow-up training unsatisfactory?

1.The proposal should include information on what the training program might cover, such as health and
safety responsibilities and roles, hazard and risk identification and reporting procedures, and so on. The
senior supervisor should be presented with team concerns and reports of increased incidence of
accidents in a given section. The proposal should be supported by statistical analysis of incidence reports
and team TNA evaluation, such as formal assessment.
2. A strategy and action plan are also necessary to assist your proposal paper because they can support
evaluating the data gathered, which will help us come up with a better approach to tackle the scenario.
Priority one should be given to identifying any and all concerns and problems at work, including incident
and health and safety reports. We may share the findings with top management for the benefit of the
team, to promote greater awareness and a better understanding of health and safety.

3. The induction program includes explanation of employee handbook, code of conduct, and workplace
policies and procedures. The workplace, health and safety policies and procedures and first aid practices
also information regarding facilities and IT then an explanation of terms and conditions of the
employment contract to make sure they are aware of the company's health and safety regulations
before they receive any training or use any potentially hazardous items or equipment.

4. It is unsatisfactory to provide only induction training and no follow-up training because a person
might no learn what is needed. Follow-up training will ensure that the individual is clear on what the job
entails and they are performing correctly in their duties

Question 5.2

5.2.a Identify three potential hazards in a workplace where training might be an effective control
measure.

1. Physical Hazard

2. Biological Hazard

3. Chemical Hazard

5.2.b Identify three hazards in a workplace where training probably is not an effective control measure.

1. Psychosocial Hazard

2. Crushing from heavy machinery

3. Injury from repetitive motion

5.2.c Create a simple training program for one of the hazards you listed. Identify the resources needed,
who will need to be consulted prior to training and an appropriate time for the training to be delivered.

Chemical safety training should begin by helping workers and contractors understand the chemical
properties of materials and substances they work with. By the end of the session staff should know: All
physical and health hazards of the chemicals and how they could impact their own health and safety.
How to use PPE properly, get creative to deliver a training session about putting away chemical
containers and not leaving them uncapped on work benches. This type of training involves emergency
response, fire protection, and evacuation drills. Workers need instructions on how to use first aid
equipment, safety showers, and eyewash stations.
Question 5.3 If training is provided the effectiveness of the training should be evaluated. Give four
reasons to support this statement and explain in 100 words how the appropriateness and effectiveness
of the training might be determined

Reaction – what learners think and feel about the training having undertaken it.

Learning – how well learners have retained the knowledge delivered by the training.

Behavior – how well the learner has put the knowledge into practice.

Results – what overall impact the training has had.

Knowledge retention is the main area of evaluation where e-learning may be helpful. It may have been
straightforward in the past to gauge how employees felt about training, keep track of how well they put
it into practice, and determine how that affected overall company performance. However, assessing
knowledge retention after training would have required further testing that would be too time-
consuming to be useful.

Question 6.1

6.1.a

What are five pieces of information that should be recorded in an accident/ incident form?

1. The time and date the incident occurred

2. Where the incident occurred

3. A concise but complete description of the incident

4. A description of the damages that resulted

5. The names and contact information of all involved parties and witnesses

6.1.b For how long should employers keep health and safety records, according to your state or
territories9 health and safety legislation, and where should they be stored?

5 years is a good rule of thumb for most health and safety records. Risk assessment records should be
kept as long as the particular process or activity, to which the assessments refer performed. October 11,
2004

Records that don't show a need for monitoring or health surveillance should be kept for at least five
years after the report's last entry or for at least five years after it is replaced by a new assessment
report. Assessment reports that show a need for monitoring or health surveillance should be kept for at
least 30 years after the report's last entry or for at least 30 years after it is replaced by a new assessment
report. After that, the employer is required to provide the reports to the division's director of
occupational health and safety.If a company's ownership is changed, the new owner is responsible for
maintaining and preserving the reports and records for the necessary time. If the company stops
operating, the owner should speak with the appropriate state or territory regulatory agency for
guidance on keeping health and safety records.

Question 6.2

6.2.a

A company has eight lost time injuries for the year.

This converts to:

Frequency rate: 22.86

Incidence rate: 53.33

Average lost time/ severity rate: 22.5

If you were required to present these statistics at a HSC meeting, how would you present the
information?

the information would include the title of the report, the name of the organizations, and the personnel
discussing the report, the day of submission of the report, and its author

The given have already had their equal or average determined. The annual frequency rate (FR) is
calculated as lost time injuries multiplied by 1,000,000 and divided by the total number of hours worked.
For instance, a workplace might have 150 employees who put in a total of 350,000 hours a year. I will
show how it was already converted to an average so that we can understand how it was already
converted. There have been a total of 8 lost-time injuries this year. (any injury that results in the loss of
at least one entire shift). These translate into 180 days off altogether.

FR = 8 x 1,000,000/ 350,000 = 22.86

The number of incidents per 1,000 wage and salary earners employed is known as the annual incidence
rate (IR) of occupational injuries and diseases. For instance, consider a business with 150 employees
who put in a total of 350,000 hours annually. There have been a total of 8 lost-time injuries this year. (a
lost time injury is any injury that results in the loss of at least one entire shift). There will be 180 days off
work as a result of these lost time injuries.

IR = 8 x 1,000 / 150 employees = 53.33

The average amount of time lost following each occurrence of an occupational disease or accident is
known as the average time lost rate (ATL). This rate gives an indication of the frequency and severity of
the incidents that affect workplaces throughout time. The severity rate is another name for this. (SR).
The number of lost working days divided by the total number of incidents throughout the period is used
to compute SR. A year is equal to 220 working days. For instance, if a firm has 150 employees and they
put in 350,000 hours of labor annually, there will be 8 lost time accidents. (a lost time injury is any injury
that results in the loss of at least one entire shift). There will be a total of 180 days off due to these lost
time injuries.

SR = 180 / 8 = 22.5

6.2.b List three sets or types of data that might be collected in the workplace and could inform a report
on health and safety.

1. Number and types of injuries

2. Emerging hazards with the potential to cause harm

3. Workplace monitoring data- attrition, absenteeism, worker satisfaction etc.

6.2.c

What is the national data set and how can it be used?

The national data sets collect information from care records, systems and organisations on specific areas
of health and care. This is used to inform policy and monitor and improve care, which can be compared
across the entire nation using the same comparative scale. The data collected is published annually by
Safe Work Australia as the Compendium of Worker's Compensation Statistics. It can assist national
bodies in setting priorities for the control of occupational disease and injuries and improve the capacity
of business operators and workers to manage health and safety effectively.

Question 6.3

6.3.a What are five benefits of waste minimisation?

1. Reducing demand for landfill space

2. Saving resources and energy

3. Reducing pollution

4. Increasing the efficiency of production

5. Environmental benefits

6.3.b How can you contribute to reduction of printed material use in the workplace? List at least 11
strategies.

1.Practice efficient copying and use the size reduction feature offered on many copiers. Two pages of a
book or periodical can often be copied onto one standard sheet.

2. Use two-way or send-and-return envelopes. Your outgoing envelope gets reused for its return trip.
3. Desktop fax, electronic references, electronic data storage, electronic purchasing and direct deposit
are all ways to use electronic media that reduce office paper waste.

4. Help minimize misprints by posting a diagram near the printer or photocopier on how to load special
paper like letterhead so it will be printed correctly.

5. Use reusable inter- and intra-office envelopes.

6. Reuse old paper for notepads. It can be cut to custom sizes and simply bound with a staple

. 7. Use both sides of a sheet of paper for printing, copying, writing and drawing.

8. Reuse paper that is already printed on one side by manually feeding it into copiers and printers. Use
it for internal documents like drafts and short-lived items such as meeting agendas or temporary signs.

9. Draft documents can be reviewed, edited and shared on-screen.

10 Once-used paper can also be reused in plain paper fax machines as they only need one clean side

11. Email can be used to share documents and ideas. Be sure to only print the emails you need to have a
hard copy of. This advice goes for internet documents as well. Instead of printing a webpage, bookmark
it or save the page on your hard drive and pull it up when needed

Question 7.1

List five primary components of relevant state or territory health and safety legislation and write a short
paragraph to explain each component.

1.Duty of care-A person conducting a business or undertaking (PCBU) must ensure the health and
safety of all persons

2. Meaning of workers and other persons at a workplace, such as visitors, also have duties under the of
all persons

3. Meaning of workers and other persons at a workplace, such as visitors, also have duties under the
WHS law.

4. Obligation to consult with workers- The overarching worker consultation obligations are outlined in
section 47 of the WHS Act.

5. Obligation to consult, cooperate and coordinate with other duty holders-A business that has a duty to
consult 6. Right of entry- When the rights of entry powers are being exercised, the union must comply
with any WHS or other legislated requirement.
Question 7.2 Organisations use a health and safety management system to help ensure its compliance
with health and safety obligations. Describe the information you might find in a management system
and explain how it relates to your work activities.

Health & Safety Management System is a tried-and-true technique for lowering risk and boosting
output. A system for managing workplace health and safety is made up of a number of rules,
procedures, and tactics that can help to lower the risk of illness and accidents brought on by
employment-related activities. To assist you in meeting your obligations as they relate to work activities
in my industry sector, such as the food sector, you have the option of setting up a health and safety
management system.

Question 7.3

List seven types of information necessary for the successful management of health and safety.

1.safety plans

2.training

3.policies

4.induction

5.monitoring

6.supervision

7. reporting

Question 7.4

List 10 strategies that can be used to ensure consultation occurs.

1. Understand responsibilities

2. Consult workers

3. Identify, assess and control risks

4. Inform, train, and supervise

5. Manage incidents and injuries

6. Keep records

7. Monitor, review and improve

8. Talk to each other about WHS matters

9. Seek and share information

10. Proposing changes

Question 7.5

List five health and safety records and/or reports that might need to be completed and stored in an
organisation.

1.data on safety

2.a training record

3.training program

4.risk evaluation and a hazard list

5.Plan to control risks

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