Espanola, Erna Lorn D.

II-BS PSYCHOLOGY
SCIENCE 100-A
July 12, 2021

Human Anatomy and Physiology

Worksheet 8

I. Identify and label the parts of the transverse section of the spinal cord. Describe each parts and give their functions.

Lateral Gray Horn

Posterior Gray Horn

Lateral White Horn
Posterior White Horn
Gray Commissure
Anterior Gray Horn

Anterior White Column

1 - The relatively narrow crossbar of white matter, observable in every segment of the spinal cord, which lies
anterior/ventral to the gray column/commissure and posterior/dorsal to the anterior median fissure, and which
contains various nerve fibers crossing from one side of the cord to the other.

2 - The mass of gray matter, observable in every segment of the spinal cord, which houses the soma/cell bodies
of the somatic motor (efferent) neurons (and various interneurons) and from which motor axons emerge, exiting
the cord, to form the anterior/ventral root of each spinal nerve.

3 – The fiber located tract located between anterolateral sulcus of the spinal cord and the posterolateral sulcus of
the spinal cord.

4 – The masses of gray matter, observable in only the thoracic, lumbar and sacral segment of the spinal cord,
which houses the soma/cell bodies of the autonomic/visceral motor neurons and from which visceral motor
axons emerge, exiting the cord, to form the anterior/ventral root of each spinal nerve; this is a major control
center for the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

5 – The mass of gray matter, observable in every segment of the spinal cord, which houses the soma/cell bodies
of the various interneurons which receive sensory impulses, which enter the cord via the posterior/dorsal root of
each spinal nerve, from the somatic and visceral sensory neurons which reside in the posterior sensory root
ganglion.

6 – The relatively narrow crossbar of white matter, observable in every segment of the spinal cord, which lies
posterior to the gray commissure and anterior/ventral to the posterior median sulcus, and which contains various
nerve fibers crossing from one side of the cord to the other.

7 – The central crossbar of gray matter, observable in every segment of the spinal cord, which encloses the
central canal and connects with the masses of gray matter on each side.
II. Fill in the puzzle below.

A M
B X Y
R O D N E U R O N C
B R A I N S T E M L E
I N S P I N A L C O R D
N I D N E
R S C E R E B R U M
I H E
S Y N A P T I C T EH R M I N A L
E A E L
S Y N A P S E T R U
H V M
H E

ACROSS:
5 A cell that carries messages between the brain and other parts of the body
7 The part of the brain connecting it to the spinal cord
8 A bundle of nerves enclosed in the spine that connects the body to the brain
9 The largest part of the brain controlling higher order thinking and decision making
10 A bulb at the end of the neuron where neurotransmitter molecules are released to the next cell
12 The space where a signal passes from one nerve cell to another

DOWN:
1 The part of a neuron that send impulses towards other cells
2 An insulating covering surrounding an axon that allows electrical impulses to travel faster
3 The organ that is the main control center of the nervous system
4 Short branches of a neuron that receive impulses from other cells
6 The part of the brain at the back of the skull controlling body movements and balance
11 A collection of neurons that allow impulses to travel through the body
III. Identify the location of the cranial nerves in the given illustration. Describe each nerves.

Frontal Lobe Filaments of Olfactory Nerve

Olfactory Bulb
Olfactory Tract
Temporal Lobe Optic Nerve
Optic Chiasma

Optic Tract
Oculomotor Nerve
Facial Nerve
Trochlear Nerve
Vestibulo-cochlear Nerve Trigeminal Nerve

Glossopharyngeal Nerve Abducens Nerve

Vergus Nerve
Accessory Nerve Cerebellum
Hypoglossal Nerve Medulla Oblongata
Olfactory nerve - Fibers arise from olfactory receptors in the nasal mucosa and synapse with the olfactory
bulbs (which, in turn, send fibers to the olfactory cortex)
Purely sensory; carries impulses for the sense of smell
Optic nerve - Fibers arise from the retina of the eye and form the optic nerve. The two optic nerves form the
optic chiasma by partial crossover of fibers; the fibers continue to the optic cortex as the optic tracts
Purely sensory; carries impulses for vision
Oculomotor nerve – Fibers run from the midbrain to the eye
Supplies motor fibers to four of the six muscles (superior, inferior, and medial rectus, and inferior oblique) that
direct the eyeball; to the eyelid; and to the internal eye muscles controlling lens shape and pupil size
Trochlear nerve - Fibers run from the midbrain to the eye
Supplies motor fibers for one external eye muscle (superior oblique)
Trigeminal nerve - Fibers emerge from the pons and form three divisions that run to the face
Conducts sensory impulses from the skin of the face and mucosa of the nose and mouth; also contains motor
fibers that activate the chewing muscles
Abducens nerve - Fibers leave the pons and run to the eye
Supplies motor fibers to the lateral rectus muscle, which rolls the eye laterally
Facial nerve - Fibers leave the pons and run to the face
Activates the muscles of facial expression and the lacrimal and salivary glands; carries sensory impulses from
the taste buds of anterior tongue
Vestibulocochlear nerve - Fibers run from the equilibrium and hearing receptors of the inner ear to the brain
stem
Purely sensory; vestibular branch transmits impulses for the sense of balance, and cochlear branch transmits
impulses for the sense of hearing
Glossopharyngeal nerve - Fibers emerge from the medulla and run to the throat
Supplies motor fibers to the pharynx (throat) that promote swallowing and saliva production; carries sensory
impulses from taste buds of the posterior tongue and from pressure receptors of the carotid artery
Vagus nerve - Fibers emerge from the medulla and descend into the thorax and abdominal cavity
Fibers carry sensory impulses from and motor impulses to the pharynx, larynx, and the abdominal and thoracic
viscera; most motor fibers are parasympathetic fibers that promote digestive activity and help regulate heart
activity
Accessory nerve - Fibers arise from the superior spinal cord (C1–C5) and travel to muscles of the neck and
back
Mostly motor fibers that activate the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
Hypoglossal nerve - Fibers run from the medulla to the tongue
Motor fibers control tongue movements; sensory fibers carry impulses from the tongue

IV. Name the part of the brain responsible for coordinating or controlling each activity or condition listed below.

1. tasting a hamburger _____Gustatory cortex_____________

2. artistic ability Right cerebral hemisphere
3. kicking a soccer ball Cerebrum
4. rate of breathing Medulla oblongata
5. tying your shoes Cerebellum