Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Synopsis
Synopsis
k
1- izLrkouk
lEcfU/kr lkfgR; dk losZ{k.k
2- v/;;u dh vko';drk ,oa egRo
3- leL;k dFku
4- iz;qä 'kCnksa pjksa dk ifjHkk"khdj.k
5- v/;;u ds mís';
6- v/;;u dh ifjdYiuk,a
7- v/;;u dh fof/k;k¡
tula[;k
U;kn'kZ
iz;qä midj.k
iz;qä lkaf[;dh fof/k;k¡
8- v/;;u dk ifjlhekadu
9- lanHkZ xzUFk lwph
1
izLrkouk
lR;e~ txfr feF;k' vkt ds uohu dh la?k"kZre fLFkfr;ksa esa fujFkZd ,oa
cslqjh /ofu ls vf/kd dqN ugha yxrkA ckSf)d ekufldrk lgt gh fdlh ckr
dks ekuus ds fy, rS;kj ugha gSA fdlh iwoZ fu/kkZfjr lR; vFkok
ekU;rk dks T;ksa dk R;ksa Lohdkj djds rn~uq:i vkpj.k djuk cqf)oknh
psruk ds fy, thfor eD[kh fuxy tkuk gSA v–'; dks lR; rFkk –'; dks vlR;
ekuuk vkt ds ckSf)dksa ds fy, vlEHko gSA vkt ;gka gS og czã ftls lR;
ekudj ekrk&firk] HkkbZ&cgu rFkk leLr tx dks feF;k eku fy;k tk;sA
cq) }kjk eks{k dks thou y{; crkuk bl ;qx esa fujFkZd ç;kl yxrk
gSA fojkxh thou dh f'k{kk nsus okys cq) dk vrhr lq[k le`f) ls la;qä
FkkA vr% oSjkX; mUgsa jkl vk;k ijUrq ;g mu O;fä;ksa dks dSls
Lohdkj gks ftUgksusa og lq[k ik;k gh ugha] ftlls Åcdj xq) us oSjkX;
xzg.k dj eks{k dh dkeuk dhA /kwi esa ruis okys O;fä dks ikuh fç; gks
ldrk gS] lnhZ ls dkairs euq"; dks ughaA tgk¡ xkSre cq) rFkk osn
2
mifu"kn us eks{k ij cy fn;k gS ogha ij pkokZd us ^_.ke —Rok /k`re~
fiosr* }kjk ekuo ds leLr uSfrd ewY;ksa ds çlkn dks <gk fn;k gSA
vk/;kfRed ewY;ksa dk fo"k; fo|eku gSA ekuo dks ;fn tho foKkuoknh
ftlkesa R;kx vkSj leiZ.k dh lkekftd Hkkouk mls vkSj vf/kd xkSjo
çnku djrh gSA ijUrq pkokZd dk funsZ'k i'kqvksa dks Hkh fuEu thou
dlus ds ckn vkn'kZ ,oa ewY;ksa dk tks [kjk Lo:i çdV gksrk gS mlh
3
thou dh lgxkfeuh /kkjk f'k{kk dh dqN blh çdkj dh }U}kRed
ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa my>h lh çrhr gksrk gSA oSfnd ;qx] ckS)dky esa nh
tw>us vkSj muds lek/kku dh lkeFkZ~; çnku djus ls vf/kd lEc) gSA
,slh ifjfLFkfr esa tcfd thou ewY; c<+rs tk jgs gSaA HkkSfrdrk
vius pj.k pweus dks mUeq[k gSA foKku iwjs txr dh dlkSVh gSA thou
uSfrdrk dk âkl gksrk tk jgk gSA bl çdkj ,d ç'u lgt gh efLr"d ds dikV
dks [kV[kVk nsrk gS fd ekuo thou dk y{; ikjykSfdd iw.kZrk çkIr djuk
gSA
vksj pje HkkSfrdrk esa v'kkfUr dh NViVkgV gSA nksuksa i{k ,dkaxh
vkSj viw.kZ gSA if'peh ns'kksa dk iwohZ ns'kksa dh vksj iyk;u D;k
blh rF; dh iwfrZ ugha djrk fd vFkZ çkfIr ,oa mi;ksx ls çkIr cspkSuh
dks nwj djus ds fy, os vk/;kfRedrk dh vksj c<+uk pkgrs gSaA os gekjs
ns'k dh vksj ns[krs gSa] tgk¡ Lo;a gh ge Hkh vius vk/;kfRed ewY;ksa
v/;;u dh vko';drk
4
Hkkjrh; lafo/kku ds fuekZrk M‚0 Hkhejko
'kks"kr oxZ dks lEcy fey ldk] tks dnkfpr jk"Vª dh eq[;/kkjk ls gh
vyx&Fkyx gks pqds FksA fdlh Hkh jk"Vª ;k lekt dh çxfr mlds
ukxfjdksa ij fuHkZj djrh gSA ekuo lalk/ku ds fodkl esa f'k{kk dks
ges'kk ls gh vR;Ur egRoiw.kZ ekuk x;k gSA oLrqr% f'k{kk fdlh Hkh
Hkhejko vEcsMdj th us fo'ks"k /;ku fn;k gSA ftlls lekt ds fucZy oxZ
jk"Vª fuekZ.k esa viuk ;ksxnku dj jgs gSaA fucZy oxZ ls rkRi;Z mu
dkj.k mUufr ugha dj ldsA "gekjs ns'k dk lkekftd <kapk tUe çnÙk
5
dh o.kZ O;oLFkk esa 'kwæ lk/kughu] 'kfäghu] /kughu o çfr"Bkghu
FksA
vU; oxksaZ }kjk bUgsa v'i`'; ekudj budk 'kks"k.k yxkrkj fd;k
vusd ,sls fopkjdksa dk l`tu fd;k ftUgksusa fucZy oxZ dh fLFkfr dks
dkQh çHkkfor fd;kA ,sls egkiq:"kksa esa M‚0 Hkhejko vEcsMdj çFke
dfM+;ksa esa ifjorZu vk;k rFkk çxfr'khyrk ds dkj.k lekt ds fpUru esa
/kkjk 15 ¼4½] 46] 335] 338] 339] 340] 341 rFkk 342 esa vuqlwfpr
fd;s x;s gSA vuqPNsn 15¼4½ esa dgk x;k gS fd /keZ] ewyoa'k] tkfr]
fu"ks/k gksrs gq, Hkh jkT; dks lkekftd ,oa 'kSf{kd –f"V ls fiNM+s gq,
6
vuqPNsn 46 esa Li"V :i ls funsZf'kr fd;k x;k gS fd jkT; turk ds nqcZy
fo'ks"k lko/kkuh ls vfHko`f) djsxk ,oa lkekftd vU;k; vkSj lHkh çdkj
fd;k x;k gSA vuqPNsn 338 esa vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa ,oa tutkfr;ksa ds fy,
lkekftd vlekurk dh [kkbZ dks u dsoy de djuk pkgrs Fks cfYd ekuo]
ekuo dks Hksnjfgr lekurk dh ifjf/k esa Hkh ykuk pkgrs FksA ckck
lkgc M‚å Hkhejko vEcsMdj ds }kjk lkekftd lejlrk ds fy, f'k{kk dks
vL= ds :i esa ç;ksx fd;k x;kA muds 'kSf{kd fopkjksa ds ladyu ,oa
7
foospu ls fu%lansg fucZy oxZ ds fodklksUeq[kh lUnHkZ esa xfr yk;h
'kks/k dk egRo
ewY; /kjk'kk;h çrhr gksrs gSa vkSj geus uohu ewY;ksa dk l`tu ugha
lekos'k fd;k tk; tks f'k{kk O;oLFkk dks u;h fn'kk nsus esa egRoiw.kZ
lkekftd f{kfrt ij ;fn nfyr ,oa fiNM+s lekt ds yksx vkt flj mBkdj thus dh
fLFkfr esa gS rks og blh elhgk] f'k{kk 'kkL=h] lekt lq/kkjd dh nsu
ifjorZu esa ftlds fopkjksa us bruh vge Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ gks mlds
'kSf{kd fpUru dks vHkh rd Bhd çdkj ls çdk'k esa ugha yk;k tk ldk
8
'kks/k dh çkekf.kdrk ds lkFk f'k{kk txr dks çkIr gks ldsaxs] tks f'k{kk
gksxkA
leL;k dFku
vè;;u
'kks/k dk mís';
gSA
9
'kks/k&fof/k
n'kZu Kku ds çfr vuqjkx ;k çse gS vkSj n'kZu dk lEcU/k Kku ds çfr
xgu vkLFkk gSA Kku pwafd iw.kZr% vewrZ vo/kkj.kk gSA vr,o
'kks/k dh ifjdYiuk,a
gSA
10
xq.kksa dk lekos'k ,oa fiNM+s oxZ dh f'k{kk dh leqfpr
lw=ikr fd;kA
dgh gqbZ gSA fQj rFkkxr us dkykeksa ls dgk fd Lo;a vius ls ç'u djks
fd D;k veqd ckr fgrdj gS\ fuUnuh; gS\ foKtuksa }kjk fuf"k) gS\ D;k
mlls d"V vkSj nq[k gksrk gS\ D;k og ckr er&fo'ks"k r`".kk] ?k`.k]
ew<+rk vkSj }s"k Hkkouk esa o`f) rks ugha djrh\ og nq[k ds fy;s]
vfgr dj gS rks mudk R;kx djnsuk pkfg;s] ;fn fgrdj vkSj mi;ksxh gS rks
fopkjksa esa ekuoh; fgr vkSj vko';drk ds vuq:i ifjorZu fn[kkbZ iM+rk
11
gSA bl çdkj os lqdjkr] vjLrw vkSj pkyZ~l ih;lZ vkfn ik'pkR;
1- ifjokj dk çHkko
FkkA muds firk xEHkhj /kkfeZd #fp ds O;fä FksA os fu;e ls çkr%dky
Hktu&iwtk djrs FksA mudh çkFkZukvks esa dchj vkSj lar rdkjke tSls
vkSj vk/;kfRed fo"k;ksa esa xEHkhj #fp vEcsMdj dks vius firk ls
lgikBh ,oa f'k{kd muds lkFk vlekurk dk O;ogkj djrs FksA os d{kk esa
vU; lo.kZ fo|kfFkZ;ks ds lkFk ugh cSB ldrs FksA mUgsa lgikfB;ksa
ds fy, fcNkbZ tkus okyh VkVifê;ksa ls vyx vius fy, ,d cksjh fcNkdj
cSBuk iM+k FkkA VkViêh nwf"kr u gks tk,] blls dkj.k Hkhejko
vEcsMdj dks viuh og cksjh jkst ?kj ls ys dj vkuh gksrh FkhA mUgsa
ikuh ihus ds fy, uy dks Nwus dh vuqefr ugha FkhA tc mUgs I;kl yxrh
12
Fkh rks mUgsa ,sls lgikBh dh vko';drk iM+rh Fkh tks muds fy, uy
ikuh ih ysaA dbZ ckj ,slk Hkh gksrk Fkk fd mudk dksbZ lgikBh muds
FkkA lkekU; O;ogkj esa bl vieku ds vfrfjä vusd ckj ,slh ?kVuk,
¡ Hkh ?kfVr gqbZa ftUgsa Hkhejko vEcsMdj thou i;ZUr ugha Hkwy
ldsA
'kSf{kd vkSj jktuhfrd {ks=ksa esa] lekt ds mPp le>s tkus okys oxksaZ
ds le{k yk [kM+k djus ds fy;s la?k"kZ djus dk mudk ladYi –<+ gksrk
x;kA
13
4- if'peh f'k{kk dk çHkko
xkSre cq)
14
xkSre cq) ds fl)kUrksa vkSj mins'kksa dk Hkhejko vEcsMdj ds
O;fäRo ij xgjk çHkko iM+kA cq) ds fpUru esa mUgsa osnksa vkSj
foækg dk n'kZu gvk vkSj mUgsa yxk fd Hkkjrh; fpUru ijEijk es ckS)
n'kZu thou dh O;k[;k gSA lkFk gh thou dks lq[kh cukus dk mik;
Hkh çLrqr djrk gSA n'kZu thou ds çR;sd i{k ls lEcfU/kr gksrk gSA
euq"; dk mlds thou ds çfr ,d fo'ks"k –f"Vdks.k gksrk gS] ftlds vk/kkj
dk;Z'kSyh vius lexz :i esa O;fä dk n'kZu cu tkrh gS] ftlls O;fä psru ,oa
cqf)thoh çk.kh dh laKk çkIr djrk gSA xhrk esa ;g Li"V :i ls dgk x;k
gS fd
15
^^;ks ;PNr% l ,o l%**
gksrh gS] og oSlk gh cu tkrk gSA fdlh Hkh oLrqfLFkfr ds çfr O;fä
dks xgjh vkLFkk gh O;fä dh dk;Zç.kkyh dks lEikfnr djrh gSA O;fä dk
fopkj ftl çdkj gksrk gS] oSlk gh mldk thou thus dk <ax Hkh gksrk
gSA thou thus dh ;gh ;qfä O;fä ds pfj= dks fu/kkZfjr djrh gS vkSj
gSA O;fäRo fodkl dh çfØ;k esa O;fä vius –f"Vdks.k ls çsfjr gksdj
dk;Z djrk gS vkSj dk;Z ds vuq:i gh Qy dh çkfIr djrk gSA bl çdkj euq";
dks euq";rk dh Js.kh esa ykus dk ,dek= dkj.k mldk fopkj ;k n'kZu gh
J)kvksa ,oa ekU;rkvksa dk fefJr :i gksrk gS] tks thou ds çfr mlds –
f"Vdks.k dks Li"V djrk gS vkSj ;gh –f"Vdks.k mlds fØ;kdykiksa ,oa
O;ogkj çfØ;k ls ifjyf{kr gksrk gSA blh ds vk/kkj ij O;fä dk;Z djus dks
mUeq[k gksrk gS vkSj ,d fof'k"V O;fäRo dks tUe nsrk gSA bl çdkj
O;fä dk mlds n'kZu ds lkFk ,d vVwV ,oa çxk< lEcU/k gksrk gSA
n'kZu dk mn~Hko
16
çk;% fo}ku la'k; ;k ftKklk ls n'kZu dk mn~Hko ekurs gSA rF; ;g
çrhr gksrk gS fd tc ekuo ds fy, fdlh drZO; dk fo/kku fd;k x;k gksxk]
lq[k çkfIr ,oa nq%[kuk'k ds mik; cryk;s x;s gksxs] rc vius Lo:i ,oa txr
gqvk gksxkA
leku ugh gSA dqN â"V iq"V gksrs gSa rks dqN detksjA dqN yksxksa
esa cqf) vf/kd gksrh gS] rks dqN esa deA dqN yksx çR;sd dke dks
vPNh rjg dj ysrs gSa rks dqN ugha dj ikrsA dqN /kuh ifjokj esa iSnk
gksrs gSa] dqN xjhc ifjokjksa esaA lHkh yksx fdlh Hkh :i esa ,d leku
gSA dqN çk—frd dkj.kksa ls vleku gksrs gSa rks dqN ekuoh;
esa lHkh dks Hkkx ysuk iM+rk gSA vius thou dh j{kk ds fy;s gj fdlh
dks la?k"kZ djuk ,d vfuok;Z 'krZ gSA bl la?k"kZ esa dsoy os gh ykx
thfor jg ikrs gSa tks 'kkjhfjd :i ls mi;qä ,oa l{ke gksrs gSaA ,slk blfy;s
gksrk gS fd os vius vki dks okrkoj.k ds vuqdwy cuk ysrs gSaA bl la?
17
k"kZ esa çk—frd fl)kar dk;Z djrk gSA çk—frd fu;e lHkh ij leku :i ls
ykxw gksrs gSaA ç—fr fdlh ds lkFk dksbZ Hksn Hkko ugha djrhA
vlekurk ds fy, çdfr mÙkjnk;h ugha gS] ysfdu fQj Hkh vlekurk D;ksa
gSa\
fl)kar gh fu.kkZ;d eku fy;k tk;s] rks fQj detksj yksx lnSo lekIr gksrs
LorU=rk dh f'k{kk
lekurk vkSj Hkzkr`RoA ekuo lekt dh –<+rk ,oa ,drk ds fy;s ;s ewY;
vko';d gSA çR;sd O;fä tks bl /kjrh ij iSnk gqvk] og Lora= çdfr esa
iSnk gqvk gS] vr% mls Lora=r jgus dk vf/kdkj gSA Lora=rk mUgsa
çk.kksa ls I;kjh FkhA os viuh tku dh dher pqdk dj Hkh Lora=rk ds i{k
esa FksA os ugha pkgrs Fks fd ,d jk"Vª nwljs ij 'kklu djsA os jk"Vª dh
Lora=rk dks ,d 'kfä ds :i esa ekurs FksA Hkkjrh; Lora=rk laxzke ds le;
18
gh ugha] mlds iwoZ vkSj i'pkr~ Hkh Mk0 vEcsMdj us viuh jk"Vªh;
fn;kA xksyest ifj"knksa esa os vius ns'k dh vktknh ds fy;s 'ksj dh rjg
ngkM+s vkSj Li"V 'kCnksa esa dgk fd; fdlh dks vf/kdkj ugha fd ,d
iuius yxh FkhA tc os çkFkfed d{kk ds fo|kFkhZ Fks rHkh ,d ,slk volj
vk;k tc muds v/;kid us ;g iwNk& ^rw rks ,d egkj dk Nksdjk gS] i<+
fy[kdj d;k djsxk\* cgqr xqLls esa mUgksaus mÙkj fn;k& ^eSa
[kcjnkj exj vkxs dHkh Hkh esjh tkfr dk uke ysdj eq>s NsM+us dh
dksf'k'k dh] ifj.kke vPNk u gksxkA vkSj bruk dgdj os d{kk ls ckgj
19
vf/kd vkRe lEeku FkkA os cpiu ls gh LokfHkekuh vkSj fuHkhZd
FksA muds blh LokfHkeku us mUgsa gBh cuk fn;k FkkA os ftl dk;Z
dh çfrKk dj ysrs] mls iwjk djds gh ekurs FksA os ,slh gj pqukSrh dks
Lohdkj dj ysrs Fks tks muds LokfHkeku dks ugha Hkkrh Fkh vkSj
vkRelEeku dks Bsl igqapkrh FkhA gkbZ Ldwy d{kk esa tc mUgsa
laL—r ugha i<+us nh x;h rks etcwju mUgksaus Qkjlh ds lkFk ijh{kk
rks ikl dj yh] ijUrq bls viuk cgqr cM+k vieku eku cSBsA ckn esa
mUgksaus teZuh esa jgrs gq, fcuk fdlh f'k{kd dh lgk;rk ds laL—r
Hkh gSA
ugh ys ldh tks gesa vusd ;wjksih; ns'kks esa ns[kus dks feyrk gSA
jg gSA bl ns'k esa os lHkh [k.M lewg bl çdkj fuokl dj jgs gSa
20
ekuksa ,d egkleqæ esa FkksM+h&FkksM+h nwj ij NksVs }hi fLFkr
gksa] ,d nwljs ds lehi Hkh vkSj viuk i`Fkd vfLrRo cuk;s gq;s HkhA bl
rjg viuh i`Fkd igpku LFkkfir fd;s tkus ij Hkh os viuh psruk esa Loa;
dk blh fojkV ns'k dk fuoklh le>rs jgs gSaA ;g cks/k u;k ugh gS
cfYd ;gka dh tu psruk esa gtkjksa o"kksaZ ls fo|eku gSaA blh dks ge
'kSf{kd fiNM+kiu
ekuo tkfr lH;rk ds vkjEHk ls gh f'k{kk ekuo lekt rFkk ekuo thou ds
fy;s furkUr vko';d le>h x;h gSA lalkj ds vkjEHk ls gh euq"; dqN u
dqN lh[krk vk;k gSA tUe ds le; ckyd fcYdqy vlgk; voLFkk esa gksrk
gS] ysfdu /khjs&/kjh f'k{kk }kjk ,oa vius ç;kl }kjk og ,d mUufr'khy
lkekftd çk.kh ds :i esa ijofrZr gks tkrk gSaA f'k{kk ds }kjk gh og viuh
gksrk gS vkSj ,d u;s lekt dk fuekZ.k gksrk gSA ;fn f'k{kk dk vHkko
vk tk;s rks O;fä ,oa lekt dh çxfr furkar vlaHko gSA f'k{kk dk egRo
21
dks Li"V djrs gq;s vjLrw us dgk gS&"f'kf{kr vkSj vf'kf{kr O;fä esa
bruk vUrj gS ftruk thfor ,oa e`r esaA blh çdkj f'k{kk 'kkL=h M;woh
us dgk gS &"ftl çdkj 'kkjhfjd fodkl ds fy;s Hkkstu dk egRo gS] mlh
çdkj lkekftd fodkl ds fy;s f'k{kk dkA' f'k{kk dsoy euq"; dk ckSf)d
fodkl gh ugh djrh oju mlds leLr 'kfä;ksa dk fodkl djrh gSA mlds
f'k{kk dh eukgh
vfHkxzfUFk;ksa* uked iqLrd fy[kdj blds Hksn ls lcdks ifjfpr djk fn;k
gSA mudk Li'kZ] Nk;k vkSj ;gka rd fd mudh vkokt Hkh çnw"k.k
iSnk djrh FkhA dqN eksVs oL= iguus ds vykok fdlh çdkj ds
FkkA euqLe`fr esa bls fofo/krk ls of.kZr fd;k x;k gSA ekuork ds lkFk
22
ljklj vU;k; djus okys czkã.kksa ds fo#) dksbZ Hkh ckr djuk cgqr
cM+k vU;k; Fkk vkSj mlds fy;s Hkh ukuk çdkj dh ;krukvksa dk
çkfo/kku j[kk x;k FkkA dsoy vNwrksa ds fy;s gh ugha çkjEHk esa rks
O;oLFkk FkhA
f'k{kk dh deh
dh /kkj.kk Fkh fd ;fn bu oxksaZ dks f'k{kk nh x;h rks os çxfr dj tk;sxs
vkSj fQj czkã.kksa ds loZJs"B gksus dk vfLrRo [krjs esa iM+ tk;sxkA
rS;kj djus pkfg;s D;ksafd dqN le; esa jktuhfrd lÙkk ds fy;s mUgs
23
rjg ladqfpr ân; okys O;fä ugh FksA gesa fe'kujh yksxksa dk —rK
f'k{kk ds egRo dk çpkj fd;kA vusd vNwr vkSj 'kwæ ml le; mudh vksj
os /khjs /khjs çxfr dj jgs FksA muds jgu&lgu vkSj vkpkj fopkj esa
leku f'k{kk
Mk0 vEcsMdj f'k{kk uhfr ds fu;e esa iwjs ns'k ds fy;s ,d Lrj ij ,d
tSlh f'k{kk ds i{k esa Fks os ugha pkgrs Fks fd ns'k esa fofHkUu çdkj
ds Ldwy gksa] tgka vyx vyx çdkj dh f'k{kk nh tk;sA tks ikBîØe ifCyd
fo|ky;ksa ds fy;s fu/kkZfjr fd;k tk;s ogh vU; fo|ky;ks esa Hkh leku :i ls
ykxw gksuk pkfg;sA mUgksaus ,sls fdlh fo|ky; dks vkfFkZd lgk;rk u
fn;s tkus ij cy fn;k tgka /kkfeZd f'k{kk nh tkrh gksA fo|ky; esa dqjku]
ckbfcy vFkok xhrk vkSj egkHkkjr dh f'k{kk fn;s tkus ds i{k esa Mk0
24
,slk u gks fd /kuh oxksaZ ds fy;s dqN fo'ks"k çdkj ds Ldwy
misf{kr Ldwy gh jgsaA f'k{kk esa fdlh çdkj dk oxZHksn ugh gksuk
pkfg;sA ;g jk"Vª fgr esa dHkh ugh gks ldrk fd ,d fo|ky; esa i<+us
dk fo|kFkhZ nwljs Ldwy esa de lh[k ldsA bldk /kkrd çHkko Kku ds
{ks= esa iM+sxkA ftldk ifj.kke fdlh ,d Lrj ij çfr;ksxh ijh{kk ls ns[kk
tk ldrk gSA ;fn fdlh çfr;kfxrk esa fdlh futh fo|ky; ds ckyd lQy gksrs
gSa vkSj ljdkjh fo|ky; ds vlQy gksrs gSA rks ;g Li"V gS fd muds
dsoy lEiUu oxksaZ ds ckyd gh ftu fo|yk;ksa esa i<+rs gSa] mudk Lrj
LoHkkor% Å¡pk gksrk gS vkSj ;gh ckyd gj {ks= esa vkxs jgrs gSA vr
uhfr fu/kkZfjr djrs le; bl ckr dk /;ku vo'; j[kk tk;s fd fuEuoxZ dh
vFkok fuEuoxZ dk gSA fdlh Hkh fo|ky; esa tkfr vFkok /keZ ds vk/kkj
25
ij fdlh dks f'k{kk ls çoafpr ugh j[k tkuk pkfg;sA fu/kZu vFkok ,slh
#fp ugh j[krs] dqN ,sls çyksHku Hkh nsus pkfg;s fd muesa f'k{kk
xzg.k djus dh mRdaBk iSnk gksA blds fy;s Nk=o`fÙk dk mik; Mk0
iSnk gksxk nwljs mUgsa vkfFkZd ladV dk eqdkcyk Hkh ugh djuk
iM+sxkA
L=h f'k{kk
dks mUgksaus vius ,d fe= dks ,d i= fy[kd L=h f'k{kk dh vksj /;ku
fnyk;k FkkA mUgksaus fy[kk& "gesa deZ ds fl)kUr dks R;kx nsuk
pkfg;sA ;g Hkh xyr gS fd ekrk&firk cPps dks dsoy tUe gh nsrs gSa]
Hkfo"; ughA
fl)kUr ij pyus yxs rks ge vfr'kh?kz 'kqHk fnu ns[k ldrs gSa] vkSj ;fn
ge yM+dksa ds lkFk yM+fd;ks dks Hkh f'k{kk ij /;ku nsus yxsa] rks
ge vkSj Hkh 'kh/kz çxdr dj ldrs gs--- blfy;s vkidk fe'ku vius iM+ksl
esa tks Hkh gSa] mUgsa ;g crkuk gksuk pkfg;s fd fo|k i<+ks vkSj
26
fo}ku cuksA mUgksaus crk;k fd okLro esa Hkfo"; esa vkRe lgk;rk
vkSj vkRe lEeku ds ewyeU= gSa tks vKku euq";ksa dks viuh ykpkjh
fujUrj cuk;s j[ku gS rks L=h f'k{kk ij fo'ks"k /;ku fn;k tkuk pkfg;s
D;ksafd f'k{kk ,d ,slh oLrq gS tks ,d larfr ls nwljh esa la;fer gksrh jgrh
gSA ;fn gesa vius laLdkjks dks Hkh cnyuk gS rks L=h f'k{kk dks
fL=;ksa dks Hkh fo}ku cukuk pkfg;s rkfd os vius cPpksa ij bldk
f'k{kd
D;ksafd f'k{kd gh ckyd dks lgh jkg fn[kkrs gSaA mudh –f"V esa
f'k{kd ,d vkn'kZ O;fä gksuk pkfg;sA ,slk vkn'kZ O;fä ftldk ân; fo'kky
27
gks] mld eu esa fdlh ds çfr dksbZ Hksn&Hkko u gksA ;g tkfr] /keZ
vkSj lkEçnkf;d okrkoj.k ls Åij mBdj dk;Z djrk gksA mlds eu esa fdlh
ds çfr dksbZ ?k`.kk u gksa tks lHkh ckydksa dks ,d –f"V ls ns[ks] ogh
ekufldrk okys f'k{kdksa ij çdkj djrs gq;s dgrs gSa fd mudk /;ku çk;%
loZFkk mis{kk djrs gSaA os fdlh vU; oxZ d ckyd ds ckSf)d fodkl dh
vksj dksbZ /;ku ugha nsrsA ftuds vUnj lekurk vkSj n;k ugha] os
f'k{kd cuus ds ;ksX; ugh gSaA f'k{kd jk"Vª ds jFkoku gSA lekt lq/kkj
dh –f"V ls f'k{kdksa esa lgh yksx dk p;u fd;k tkuk pkfg,A tks f'k{kd
dk;Z ds fy; mÙke O;fä ugh gks ldrsA ljdkj ls ;g vk'kk gS fd ,sls jk"Vª
fojks/kh rRoksa dks f'k{kk tSls ifo= dk;Z ls nwj j[ks] blh esa jk"Vª dh
HkykbZ gSA
vuq'kklu
28
Nk= vuq'kklu ij Mk0 vEcsMdj dk fparu eeZLi'khZ gSA os
Nk=ksa dks lykg nsrs gSa fd Nk= vius f'k{kdksa dk cgqr lEeku djs
lkFk gh f'k{kd ds brus djhc vk;s fd viuh fdlh Hkh leL;k dks vius
fo'ofo|ky; muds fy;s Kku dk dsUæ gksuk pkg;s] DydZ cukus dk dsUæ
ughaA30 ^Kku fdlh O;fä ds thou dk vk/kkj gS] vkSj gj laHko ç;kl
ds }kjk Nk= ds vanj fo}rk dh 'kfä fodflr dh tkuh pkfg;sA Nk=ksa dks
f'k{kk ds mís';
yksxksa ds eu esa vkdM+s vkSj fl)kUr Hkjuk ugha cfYd mldk mís';
f'k{kk dk mís'; jksth jksVh rd gh lhfer u j[krs gq;s os f'k{kk }kjk O;fä
dks egku cukus dh ckr djrs gSA "cPpks dks i<+us&fy[kus rFkk vPNs
29
ukxfjd cukus dh Hkkouk iSnk djksa ; muds eu esa ;g Hkkouk Hkj nks
fd os bl lalkj esa egku cuus ds fy;s vk;s gSaA muds eu ls ghu fopkj
vEcsMdj Hkkjr okil vk;s rks mUgsa cM+kSnk fj;klr dk fefyVªh lfpo
ckn mUgksaus ns[kk fd cEcbZ esa jktuhfrd okrkoj.k xfr /kkj.k dj jgk
lsok djuk pkgrs Fks] nwljs vius thodksiktZu dk Hkh ç'u muds lkeus
thou lq[k'kkfUr ls O;rhr ugh gks jgk FkkA os le; dh çrh{kk dj jgs Fks
vkSj dkQh ijs'kku Fks lkFk gh jktuhfr esa Hkh ugh my>uk pkgr FksA
odkyr djrs gq;s lekt lsok dk fopkj muds eu esa FkkA m/kj xst&bu dh
30
v/kwjh f'k{kk Hkh iwjh djuh FkhA muds lkeus xEHkhj vkfFkZd ladV
pqukA ,d ikjlh fe= dh lgk;rk ls mUgsa nks Vîw'ku çkIr gks x;sA mlh
nkSjku Mk0 vEcsMdj dk ifjp; ykMZ flgsugse ls gks x;k FkkA vr%
fu;qfä ds fy;s ç;kl djus dh çkFkZuk dhA ykMZ us mudh Hkjiwj lgk;rk
fQj Hkh çkjEHk esa rks Nk=ksa us mUgs dksbZ egRo ugh fd;kA os
31
kfFkZ;ksa dks Hkyk D;k i<+k;sxk\ vf/kdka'k Nk= mudh mis{kk djrs
vkSj d{kkvksa ds ckgj ns[ks tkrs fdUrq muds vkd"kZd O;fäRo] muds
eu esa FkkA m/kj xst&bu dh v/kwjh f'k{kk Hkh iwjh djuh FkhA
muds lkeus xEHkhj vkfFkZd ladV FkkA fQygky leL;k fuokj.k ds fy;s
Vîw'ku çkIr gks x;sA mlh le; mUgsa ,d fnu lekpkj feyk fd cEcbZ ds
'kSf{kd vkUnksyu
/khjs /khjs 'kSf{kd tkxzfr vk jgh FkhA m/kj vaxzsth lsuk esa tks dqN
fiNM+h tkfr ds yksx Fks muds cPpks dh Hkh lSfud Ldwyks esa
f'k{kk nh tkus yxh FkhA fQj Hkh f'k{kk dk çlkj&çpkj mruk ugh Fkk]
fd yksx f'k{kk ds ek/;e ls viuk lkekftd Lrj Å¡pk mBk ikrsA vaxzstksa
egkRek Qwys ds vFkd ifjJe ls egjk"Vª esa 'kwæks dks f'k{kk feyus
yxh FkhA mUgksaus tks fo|ky; [kksys mues çk;% 'kwæ lekt ds cPps
32
gh f'k{kk xzg.k dj jgs FksA lsuk ls lsokfuo`Ùk vusd vf/kdkjh Hkh
f'k{kk ds 1982 esa Lo;a Mk0 vEcsMdj ds firk th us vius ukS vU;
x;k Fkk fd muds cPpksa dks Hkj vU; cPpks ds lkFk E;wfuliSfyVh
Ldwyksa esa ços'k fn;k tk;A bl mís'; esa mUgsa lQyrk Hkh feyhA
ldrs rks muds cPpks ds y;s vyx fo|ky; [kksydj vyx ls v/;kidksa dh
tkfr;ksa ds cPpksa dks ;gh leL;k Fkh fd ;fn fdlh fo|ky; esa fuEu
oxksaZ ds cPpksa dks ços'k ns fn;k tkrk rks vU; cPps Ldwy NksM+
nsrs gSaA muds vfHkHkkod Hkh bu ckr ij lger ugh Fks fd muds cPps
33
djus ds fy, f'k{kk dh egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk FkhA euq"; ds thou vkSj
FkkA _Xosn esa of.kZr xk;=h ea= Kku ,oa f'k{kk dk mPpre vk/kkj
ek/;e ls gh fuoZgu djrk FkkA ftlds ek/;e ls gh lekt esa mls mPp LFkku
çkIr FkkA tks yksx vusd çdkj dh fo/kkvksa dk v/;;u djrs gSa] mlls
çdkj Kku ,oa f'k{kk dh Js"Brk Lo;a fl) gSA Kku ds ek/;e ls gh euq";
vius dqy dh czãKrk dh LFkkiuk djrk gS vkSj 'kksd rFkk iki ls eqä jgrk
gS] f'k{kk }kjk gh mls vejRo dh çkfIr gksrh gSA ;g Hkh egRoiw.kZ
gS fd Kku ds vHkko esa euq"; thou vkSj txr ds jgL;ksa dks Kkr djus
esa vleFkZ gksrk gSA blhfy, dgk x;k gS fd fo|k ds leku dksbZ nwljk
34
iM+ds] okbZ0Mh0 % : lksly fjQkeZ vkQ
1968
1979
35