Cargo Work Definitions

Key Words Unit

Humidity The amount of water vapor in a Parcel of Air. ---

Absolute Humidity The actual weight of water vapor in a Parcel of Air g/m3

Relative Humidity The ratio of the amount of water vapor in a Parcel of Air ---
to the amount of saturated water vapor at same
temperature.

A liquefied gas Liquid form of a substance. At Normal atmospheric ---

temperatures, and
Pressures, it would be a Gas.
Inert Gas A gas or a mixture of gases, flue gas, contain insufficient ---
oxygen to support Hydrocarbons.
Gas-freeing Is the replacement of hydrocarbon vapors or inert gas by ---
air.

Bale Capacity Cubic capacity of the space. m3

Breadth from inside of the cargo battens.
Depth from wood tank top ceiling to the underside of the
deck beams.
Length from inside of Fore & Aft bulkhead stiffeners.
Grain Capacity Cubic capacity of the space. m3
Length, Breadth, Depth are measured from inside of ship's
shell plating,
All allowances being made for frames & beams.

Bill of Lading A document issued by a carrier to shipper, ---

Receipt of Goods for carriage to destination by agreed
term.
Manifest Official listing of all cargo parcels on board for declare to ---
custom officers.
Boat note (Shipping Note) Delivery note, tendered by barge's master, ---
Description of goods to be loaded on ship
Tally sheet Sheet that made up by tally clerk who counted and ---
recorded when cargoes are loading from barge.
Mate Receipt A receipt signed by mate of ship for cargo has been ---
actually loaded.
Mate receipt contain Quantity, Marks, Description of
Goods and apparent condition of cargo.

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Break bulk cargo Cargoes of different types & sizes making up a general ---
cargo.
Solid bulk cargo Any materials other than liquid or gas consisting of ---
combination of particles, granules or any larger pieces of
materials, loaded directly into cargo spaces.

Deadweight cargo Freight is charged on its weigh. S.F less than 1.2 m3/Ts ---
Measurement cargo Freight is charged on its volume. S.F More than 1.2 m3/Ts ---

Deck cargo Suitable for and desirable to be stowed above deck. ---
Optional cargo Cargo for discharge at either one of two, or even more ---
ports.
Readily available for discharge, once port is declared.
Over carriage of cargo Cargo for discharge is not discharge, and over carried to ---
next port.
Refrigerated cargo Frozen state: (e.g Meat, mutton, beef, ice cream) ---
Chilled state: (e.g Beer, cheese, eggs, vegetable)
Air cooled system: (e.g Fruits, apples, pears, grapes)
Specie cargo Valuable cargo required special care for Safety & loading ---
operation.
Contamination cargo Cargo is taint easily. (e.g tea, flour, tobacco) ---
Should keep well away from strong smell.
Pilferage cargo Certain cargoes always attract thieves. (e.g Sprits, beer, ---
tobacco, or high value small items)
Grain Includes wheat, maize, oats, rye, barley, rice, pulse, seeds, ---
& processed forms thereof, whose behavior is similar to
grain in its natural state.
Cargo transport unit (CTU) Means a road freight vehicle, a railway-freight wagon, a ---
freight container, road tank container, or portable tank.

Standardized cargo Cargo for the ship is provided with an approved securing ---
system, based upon cargo of specific types.
Non-Standardized cargo Cargo requires individual stowage & securing ---
arrangements.
Semi-Standardized cargo Cargo for the ship is provided with a securing capable of ---
accommodating a limited variety of cargo units. (e..g
vehicles, trailers)

Bulk density Weight of solid, air, & water per unit volume. Ts/m3
It includes moisture of cargo & void filled with air or
water.
High density cargo Cargoes have a S.F less than 0.56 m3/Ts ---

Unitized cargo Cargo loaded as grouping together by reason of this ---

"Sizes"
Homogeneous cargo The cargo of similar types. ---
Non-Homogeneous cargo The cargo of various types & sizes. ---

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Hygroscopic cargo
Non-Hygroscopic cargo
Have natural moisture content. ---
Mainly of plant origin.
May retain, absorb or release water vapor.
Can result caking, mildew, or rot.
(e.g grain, rice, flour, sugar)
No water content. (e..g steel, metal) ---

Breaking Stress (BS) The stress at lifting appliance, will fracture and break. Ton
Safe working load (SWL) An acceptable working tonnage used for cargo lifting. Ton
Maximum securing load (MSL) The allowable load capacity for a device used to secure Ton
cargo to a ship

Broken stowage The space between packages which remain unfilled. % of

cargo
Stowage factor The volume occupied by unit weight of cargo. m3/Ton

Bulk carrier A cargo ship for carrying large quantities of Non-packed ---
commodities. (e..g Grain, coal, iron ore)
Gas carrier A cargo ship for carrying in bulk of any liquefied gas. ---

o
Boiling point The temperature at which a product exhibits a vapor at C, o F
same atmospheric pressure.
o
Ignition point The lowest temperature at which Oil must be raised, so C, o F
that the vapor evolves at a rate which permits continuous
burning when a flame is applied.
o
Dew point The temperature at which a parcel of air is cooled, C, o F
become saturated and water vapor beings to condense
out.

The temperature at which water vapor in the air is

condense out into water droplets.
o
Flash point The lowest temperature at which a liquid gives off C, o F
sufficient vapor to form Flammable mixture with air near
the surface of the liquid.
Flash point is change point from safe to risk.

Combustible liquid A liquid having a flash point of 37.8oC or above. (e.g ---
Kerosene)
Flammable liquid A liquid having a flash point lower than 37.8oC. (e.g ---
Gasoline)

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Cant
Timber
Timber deck cargo
Cargo plan
Load density plan
Cargo securing devices
Fixed securing devices
Portable securing devices
Dunnage
Timber lashing
Port speed
Dwell time
Permissible deck load
Stack load
Flammable range
Lower flammable limit (LFL)
Lower explosive limit (LEL)
Upper flammable limit (UFL)
Upper explosive limit (UEL)
A log is cut in slab, so that two opposite or sometimes ---
three sides are flat & the other curved.
Sawn wood or lumber, cants, logs, poles, pulpwood, & all ---
other type of timber in loose or packaged forms.
A cargo of timber carried on an uncovered part of a ---
freeboard or superstructure deck.
Cargo stowage plan, diagrammatic plan of the distribution ---
of cargo within the hold of ship.
A ship plan, indicates the deck load capacity of cargo ---
space areas of the ship. Consult with this Plan to ensure
that the space is not being overload by heavy cargoes.
All fixed & portable devices used to secure cargo. ---
Securing points and supports either integral or non- ---
integral. (Integral: welded into hull structure)
(Non-integral: welded onto hull structure)
Portable devices used for lashing & securing of cargo. ---
Material, frequently loose wood but can be other ---
materials, to assist in solidarity & protection of cargo.
All lashing & securing components should posses a ---
breaking strength of not less than 133 kN.
Cargo working as quickly as possible. ---
Unnecessary time spend in port. ---
Load per unit area without straining the deck. Ton/m2
Maximum weight of cargo can be safely loaded on unit
area without straining the deck.
Permissible deck load for container ship. Container loaded Ton
at 4 point of stack cone.
The limits of flammable (Explosive) range between the ---
minimum & the maximum concentrations of vapor in air
which forms a flammable (Explosive) mixture.
Flammable range is between LFL (Lower flammable limit) &
UFL (Upper flammable limit)
The concentration of a Hydrocarbon gas in the air, below ---
(LFL) which there is insufficient gas to support
combustion.
The concentration of a Hydrocarbon gas in the air, above ---
(UFL) which there is insufficient gas to support
combustion.
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Moisture content
Moisture migration
Flow state
Flow moisture point
Transportable moisture limit
(TML)
Filled compartment
Partly filled compartment
Threshold limit value (TLV)
TLV (Ceiling)
TLV-STEL (short term exposure
limit)
TLV-TWA (time weight average)
Sweat
Cargo sweat
Ship's sweat
Is percentage proportion of the total mass which is water, ---
ice or other liquid.
Is transfer of moisture through a stowed cargo during the ---
voyage.
Is a state which occurs when a mass of grain is saturated ---
with liquid to such an extent that is loses its internal
strength & behaves as if the whole mass was in liquid
form.
Is percentage of moisture content, when a flow state ---
develops. (or)
The moisture content at which a fluid state could occur.
The maximum moisture content of a cargo that may ---
liquefy at a level which is considered safe for carriage in
ships.
Any cargo pace in which, after loading & trimming, the ---
bulk grain is at its highest possible level.
Any cargo space where in the bulk grain is not loaded in ---
the manner of fill compartment.
The average concentration of a substance to which ppm
workers may be exposed for a set time period.
The upper limit above which workers should never be ppm
exposed to substance.
The maximum concentration of a substance to which ppm
workers may be exposed for a maximum period of 15
minutes. Four such exposure are allowed during a working
day with a interval of at least one hour between each.
The average concentration of a substance to which ppm
workers may be repeatedly exposed, for a normal
workday or a 40-hours week, day after day without
adverse effects.
Formed when water vapor in the air condense out into ---
water droplets when cooled below its dew point.
Occurs when ventilation carried out during the ship goes ---
from a cold space to warm place. Cargo is cold & incoming
air is warm, if warm air contact with cold cargo which
below dew point temperature & water droplets condense
on cargo. So ventilation should restricted to prevent cargo
sweat.
When ship goes from warm place to cold place. The warm ---
air in the hold cooled by surrounding air which below dew
point. Water vapor in the cargo hold which condense out
into water droplets on ship's structure. Ship's sweat can
damage the cargo. To prevent this effect by ventilation.
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Ullage Measurement the distance from the surface of the liquid ---
in the tank to the top of the tank.
Sounding Measurement the distance from the surface of the liquid ---
in the tank to the bottom of the tank.

o
Angle of repose Means the natural angle between a horizontal plane and
the cone slope of the material.

Crude oil washing Method of cleaning out the tanks on crude oil tanker, by ---
mean of high pressure jet nozzles, with crude oil cargo
itself. (Oil to oil cleaning)

Slop tank A tank specially designated for collection of tank draining, ---
tank washings and other oily mixtures from cargo space.

Timber load line A special load line assigned to ships complying with ---
certain conditions related to their construction as set out
in the international convention on load lines.

Ventilation Depend on weather and dew point of air, natural or ---

mechanical supply of air to cargo hold for dry & re-
circulation.

Viscosity Properties of liquids whereby they exhibit resistance to ---

internal flow.

Weather deck Means the uppermost complete deck exposed to weather ---
& sea.