2023-Paper-38

01) A) i. Define cellular respiration

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ii. Write a balanced equation of aerobic oxidation of glucose in a cell.
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iii. State the 3 steps of cellular aerobic respiration and site of occurrence of each step in a
eukaryotic cell
step site of occurrence in the cell
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iv. A setup used in laboratory for measuring the rate of respiration of germinated green gram
seeds is given below. Answer the questions regarding the experiment.

a. Explain why the green gram seeds are soaked for about 8 hours in this experiment.
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b. What will be the level of liquid column of A arm relative to the initial level when the reading
is taken after 2 hours.
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c. Explain the reason for your observation
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 d. A student needed to confirm the change in the volume is due to the respiration of the
germinated green gram seeds. Propose a control experiment to confirm this.
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e. If the change in the liquid column in arm A after one hour is 5 c.m , calculate the rate of
respiration. What is the parameter used in the calculation?
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v. State 5 differences between cellular aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration taking place in a
skeletal muscle cell of human, when glucose used as a respiratory substrate.

Aerobic respiration Anaerobic respiration

B. i. Write the 3 major concepts of cell theory.

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ii. State the names of the scientists who are credited to the formation of cell theory.

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iii. Who put forward the fluid- mosaic model of plasma membrane
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iv. Write the molecules contribute to

a. Fluidity of the membrane …………………………………………………………………………Mosaic nature of the

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v. Name the organelle indicated in above diagram ……………………………………………………………………………

vi. State 2 functions of the above organelle

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vii. Identify A and B in the diagram

A- …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
B- …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

viii. Write one organic molecule you expect to find in A -………………………………………………………………….

ix. State one significant function of B-…………………………………………………………………………………………………

ix. Name the organelle that contributes to the vesicles named in the cis face of the diagram.

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x. State a function of the organelle in the diagram in cytokinesis of plant cells.

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C. i. What is a photosystem with respect to the process of photosynthesis in plants?

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ii. State 2 differences in the 2 photosystems involved in linear electron flow

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iii. What is understood by linear electron flow?

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iv. State the difference in the end products of the two types of electron flow.

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v. State the cells in sequence , when a sucrose molecule formed in a leaf mesophyll cell pass to the root
cell for storage.

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vi.Answer the questions given on the following organisms.

(a) Thermococcus (b) Euglena (c) Paramecium

(d) Anabaena (e ) Salmonella typhi (f) diatom

Identify the organism from the list with the following characteristics.

i) Filamentous organism ensheathed in mucous ……………………………………………………..

ii) Found in marine hydrothermal habitat …………………………………………………….
iii) Presence of an eye spot ……………………………………………………
iv) Organism with two types of nuclei ……………………………………………………
v) Glass like wall with 2 overlapping parts ……………………………………………………
vi) Initiator amino acid in protein synthesis is formyl methionine ………………………………………………

vii. Identify a fungal genus using the following characteristics.

a. Capable of producing zoospores ……………………………………………………………

b. Exospores in clusters ……………………………………………………………
c. Septate and dikaryotic hyphae ……………………………………………………………
02) A.i. Explain the structures involved in loss of water from a plant,
1. Mainly as vapor form
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2. Liquid form
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ii. Explain the mode of nutrition used by majority of plants

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iii. What is the major method of nutrition in carnivorous plants?

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iv. What is the common feature of the habitats they occupy?

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v. Write the source from which land plants acquire the following elements.

a. Carbon ………………………………………………

b. Oxygen ……………………………………………….

vi. What are the elements absorbed in more than one form by plants?

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vii. Write the symptoms of nitrogen deficiency to a plant and explain the main cause for each
symptom.

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viii. Write the parts of the carpel and stamen of a flowering plant.

Carpel ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Stamen ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..

ix. Which part of each above involved in spore formation

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x. Which of the above parts remain after fertilization?.........................................................

xi. What plant growth substance/ substances is involved in the post fertilizational changes in the
above part up to formation of fruits. Write how each plant growth substance regulate the
developmental process.

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B. i. State the location of each of the following epithelium.

a. Pseudostrtified columnar epithelium ……………………………………………………………………………

b. Simple cuboidal epithelium ……………………………………………………………………………

c. Simple columnar epithelium ……………………………………………………………………………..

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ii. State 3 features common to all the 3 types of epithelia.

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iii. Write the predominant type of fiber found in bone tissue………………………………………………….

iv. What is the repeating unit of mammalian hard bone?............................................................

v. Explain the structure of above repeating unit

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Vi What are lacunae in bone tissue?

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.vii. Write 2 structural features of skeletal muscle cells which can be used to distinguish from
cardiac muscle cells.

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viii.Write 2 differences between an axon and a dendrite in a somatic motor neurone.

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ix. Explain why fibers should be included in a balanced diet.

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x. What is understood by an essential nutrient in animals?

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xi. What is the functional unit of human lung?.....................................................

xii. Describe briefly the structure of it

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 xiii. What is a respiratory pigment?
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xiv. What is the reason that both O2 and CO2, can be transported by the same hemoglobin
molecule in humans without affecting transport of each other.

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xv. Explain why blood clotting is not usually occurring in undamaged blood vessels.

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xvi. What will you observe if blood of an individual of blood group AB is mixed with serum of

a. Individual of blood group B……………………………………………………………………………………….

b. Individual of blood group O ……………………………………………………………………………………..
c. Individual of blood group AB …………………………………………………………………………………..

xvii. Write the excretory structures of the following organisms.

a. Leech …………………………………………………
b. Sea turtle ………………………………………………………….

Essay- a) Describe the mechanism of ventilation of lungs in man. (b) Explain how breathing of man is
homeostatically controlled.