1. The population of a community is known to increase at a rate proportional to the number of people present at time t. If an initial population Py has doubled in 5 years, how long will it take to triple? To quadruple? KP we obtain P = Pe mel, gp (t) be the population at time f, and Py the initial population, From dP/dt $in2 and P = Phe*2*/8, Setting P(i) =3F) we have Setting P(t) = 47) we have 4 = el, on nd =O and tx 10years 2. Suppose it is known that the population of the community in Problem 1 is 10,000 after 3 years. What was the initial popu- lation Py? What will the population be in 10 years? How fast is the population growing at t = 10? In2. Then P = Pye('/52 and 10,000 = Phe ¥*)"?. Solving 507.5. Now From Problem 1 the growth constant for Ph we get Py = 10,0006~(/5"2 (10) = Poe" SN02N00) — 6.597 522 — 4, = 96-300 ‘The rate at which the population is growing is P*(10) = KP(10) = =(ln2)26,390 ~ 3658 persons year. 3. The population of a town grows at a rate proportional to the population present at time ¢. The initial population of 500increases by 15% in 10 years. What will the population be in 30 years? How fast is the population growing at t = 30? 3. Let P = P(t) be the population at time t, Then dP/dt = kP and P = ‘we seo that P = 500e. Since 15% of 500 is 75, we have P(10) = 500e!%* SLAs. When t= 3, From P(Q) = © = 500 Solving for k, we get (30) = 500<4/190811530 _ 59p,31815 _ 76 seare P’(30) = KP(30) qo 1.15)760 = 10,62 persons/‘year. 4. The population of bacteria in a culture grows at a rate propor- tional to the number of bacteria present at time ¢. After 3 hours it is observed that 400 bacteria are present. After 10 hours 2000 bacteria are present. What was the initial number of bacteria? 4, Let P = Plt) be bacteria population at time t and Py the intel number. Prom dP/dt = KP we obtain P= Pye! Using P(3) =400 and P(10) =2000 we find 400 = Pye or P,)!_ From P(t) = 2000, ve then have IMO = Pye! = P40/P)!, so 200 onan \-47 qk” al n-(Gr) xh 9. When a vertical beam of light passes through a transparent medium, the rate at which its intensity / decreases is proportional to /(t), where ft represents the thickness of the medium (in feet). In clear seawater, the intensity 3 feet below the surface is 25% of the initial intensity J) of the incident beam. What is the intensity of the beam 15 feet below the surface? 4. Let I= It) be the intonsty, tthe thidness, and J(0) = Ip, Id fat = MI and [(2) = 025h, then I = pe ‘k= }0n0)25, and J(15) = 0.000880,13. A thermometer is removed from a room where the temperature is 70°F and is taken outside, where the air temperature is 10°F. After one-half minute the thermometer reads 50°F. What is the reading of the thermometer at t = 1 min? How long will it take for the thermometer to reach 15°F? 13, Assume that dD Jat = K{T - 10) so that T = 10-+ oe. IE T(0) = 70° and 11/2) = 50 then c= 60 and 2In(2/3) so that T(t) = 36.67", IFT (t) = 15° then t = 3.06 mimes. 14. A thermometer is taken from an inside room to the outside, where the air temperature is 5°F. After 1 minute the thermo- meter reads 55°F, and after 5 minutes it reads 30°F. What is the initial temperature of the inside room? 14, Assume that dD at = K(T'-5) so that T = 5+ceM. IET(L) = 59° and 115 = S061! so that T(0) = OL4611°, 15. A small metal bar, whose initial temperature was 20°C, is dropped into a large container of boiling water. How long will it take the bar to reach 90°C if it is known that its temperature increased 2° in 1 second? How long will it take the bar to reach 98°C? 15. Assume that dZ/dt = k(T ~ 100) o that T = 100+ ce. 170) = 20° and T(1) = 22", then ¢ = -80 and = 1n(30/40) so that T(t) = 90, which impli t = 82. seconds IF T(t) = 98° then t = 15.7 second, 17. A thermometer reading 70°F is placed in an oven preheated to a constant temperature. Through a glass window in the oven door, an observer records that the thermometer read 110°F after + minute and 145°F after 1 minute. How hot is the oven?47. Using soparation of variables to solve AT /dt ~ k(T Ty) we got T(@) — Ty + ee. Using 7(0) = 70 we Bnd = 7—T,50T(0)=T + (10 ~ Ty )e!*. Using the given observations, we obtain 1(}) =m + (70—Tin)et”® = 110 12100— 10150 — 2507, +72, 00, ‘The tompersture in the oven is 200° 21. A tank contains 200 liters of fluid in which 30 grams of salt is dissolved. Brine containing | gram of salt per liter is then pumped into the tank at a rate of 4 L/min; the well-mixed solution is pumped out at the same rate. Find the number A(t) of grams of salt in the tank at time f. 19, From dA/dt = 4 — A/50 we obtain A = 200 + ce, If A(0) = 30 then ¢ = -170 and A= 00-1, 22. Solve Problem 21 assuming that pure water is pumped into the tank. 20. From dA/dt = 0 — 4/50 we obtain A = ce~'/®". If A(O) = 30 then c= 30 and A = 30e7"/®, 29. A 30-volt electromotive force is applied to an LR-series circuit in which the inductance is 0.1 henry and the resistance is 50 ohms. Find the current i(t) if (0) = 0. Determine the cur- rent as f— co.| and E(t) = 50 so that i= 3 +06", TE (0) =0 then c= -3/5 27, Assume Lalfi + Ri= E(t), b= 01, R and lim... i(f)=3/5. 30. Solve equation (8) under the assumption that E(t) = Epsin wt and i(0) = ig, 28. Assume Ldi/dt + Ri = E(t), B(t) = Eysinut, and i(0) = i so that oR Edy ce Mll Tare a . Eolw Since i(0) = ig we obtain ¢ = ig + ae 31. A 100-volt electromotive force is applied to an RC-series cir- cuit in which the resistance is 200 ohms and the capacitance is 10“ farad. Find the charge q(t) on the capacitor if q(0) = 0. Find the current i(1). E(t), R= 200, C = 10-4, and E(t) = 100 so that q@= a /100-+ ce", Tf (0) =0 29, Assume Redg/dt+ (1/0) then ¢ = —1100 and é =