Avionic Systems Engineering Crash Course

tonex.com/training-courses/avionic-systems-engineering-crash-course

Length: 4 Days

Avionic systems engineering is both rewarding and challenging.

An avionic systems engineer needs to constantly stay updated through education on

latest technological advances as well as avionics standards.

Ongoing innovations in individual avionics components, including navigational systems,

autopilot, radar, collision avoidance, and braking systems, provide pilots with an
advanced toolkit that makes commercial flight safer and more controlled than ever.

However, the sophistication and sheer number of these components have made system-
level avionics engineering an increasingly difficult challenge.

Today’s avionic systems engineers need to integrate a diverse range of functionally

complex components, provided by multiple suppliers, into a system that’s reliable enough
to ensure consistent aircraft performance and passenger safety.

Avionic systems engineering is also all about understanding and meeting numerous
regulatory operating systems protocols, including ARINC 653, ARINC 429, CAN, and
ARINC 664.

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Creating a well-integrated, robust systems architecture requires engineers to generate an
Interface Control Document (ICD), which is a large spreadsheet that gathers data and
inputs from multiple avionics system suppliers.

An ICD in avionic systems engineering also needs to accurately reflect all system
components interactions and interdependencies, including hardware and software
redundancies, messaging hierarchies, data inputs, and numerous communication
switches.

Since system integration is one of the final tasks that must be completed before a new
aircraft is launched, avionics engineers are typically under pressure to generate an ICD
quickly without sacrificing quality or reliability.

Analysts in this sector predict that future avionics systems will be making much greater
use of sensor data to increase their situational awareness and ability to make accurate
decisions quickly.

This will mean that developers will have to think more carefully about how they connect to
these sensors, the bandwidth of the interconnect schemes they specify, and the physical
ruggedness of their implementation. This could see a shift to the use of two-wire Ethernet
implementations, fibre-optic systems, and denser/lighter traditional interconnect
strategies.

Avionics developers will also need to think about how to provide the computing power
necessary to capture, fuse and interpret this data, which may lead to an exploration of
alternate computing architectures such as machine-learning coprocessors, to handle
pattern recognition tasks efficiently and at low energy cost.

Avionic Systems Engineering Crash Course covers a comprehensive training of theories,

technical, certification requirements, and the technologies applied in the current and
future avionic systems. By taking this training course, you will fully understand all the
systems involved in avionic technology, plus you will be introduced to DO-178C and DO-
254.

Tonex Avionic Systems Engineering Crash Course is fun and dynamic. Lectures are
delivered in the format of interactive presentations. Once the theoretical part of the
training is finished, you will practice the taught concepts and theories with real-world
examples to ensure you have completely learned all the topics.

Audience

Avionic Systems Engineering Crash Course is a 4-day course designed for:

Design engineers
Manufacture engineers and managers
Support engineers
Application engineers

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 Systems engineers
Safety engineers
Software/hardware engineers
Quality assurance or certification personnel
All other professional engineers and managers involved in avionic systems onto air-
vehicles

Participants are required to have an engineering or science background.

Training Objectives

Upon the completion of Avionic Systems Engineering Crash Course, attendees are able
to:

Understand and explain how avionic systems and its components work
Describe and evaluate the basic performance requirements and essential
components of all the main avionic systems to be found in modern civil and military
air-vehicles
Understand the criteria for and derive the functionality of avionic system elements
within the fully integrated “systems of systems”
Formulate and incorporate avionic systems from requirements definition, through
concept development to final execution within their operating role
Understand and use the architectural rules and the design process to be used to
certificate safe and reliable avionic systems
Explain avionic certifications
Advanced systems
System design and development
Understand and implement DO-178C, DO-254 requirements
Understand various data bus systems

Course Outline

Overview of Avionic Systems and Systems Engineering Processes

What is avionic systems engineering?

Terminologies
Background
Applications
Guidance and standards
Systems integration
Flight control systems
Engine control systems
Fuel systems
Hydraulic systems
Electrical systems
Pneumatic Systems
Environmental condition systems

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 Emergency systems
Rotary wing systems
Military radar systems
Software Considerations in Airborne Systems and Equipment Certification
Software certification standard for airborne systems on commercial aircraft
Various software life cycle processes
Guidelines for Development of Civil Aircraft and Systems: ARP4754A
RTCA DO-178/C / EUROCAE ED-12B/C
DO-178C: Software Considerations in Airborne Systems and Equipment
Certification

DO-254: Design Assurance Guidance for Airborne Electronic Hardware

Aircraft electronic systems assurance of electronic airborne equipment safely
Line replaceable units
Circuit board assemblies
Application specific integrated circuits (ASICs)
Programmable logic devices

Flight Control Systems

Principles of flight control

Flight control surfaces
Primary flight control
Secondary flight control
Commercial aircraft
Primary flight control
Secondary flight control
Flight control linkage systems
Push-pull control rod system
Cable and pulley system
High lift control systems
Trim and feel
Flight control actuation
Simple mechanical/hydraulic actuation
Mechanical actuation with electrical signaling
Multiple redundancy actuation
Mechanical screwjack actuator
Integrated Actuator Package (IAP)
Advanced actuation implementations
Civil system implementations
Top-level comparison
Airbus implementation
Fly-By-Wire control laws
A380 flight control actuation
Boeing 777 implementation
Boeing 787 Implementation

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 Military Aircraft Implementation
Interrelationship of flight control, guidance and flight management

Engine Control Systems

Engine/airframe interfaces
Engine technology and principles of operation
The control problem
Engine indications
Engine oil systems
Engine off takes
Reverse thrust
Engine control on modern civil aircraft

Fuel Systems

Characteristics of fuel systems

Description of fuel system components
Fuel quantity measurement
Fuel system operating modes
Integrated civil aircraft systems
Fuel tank safety
Polar operations – cold fuel management

Hydraulic Systems

Hydraulic circuit design

Hydraulic actuation
Hydraulic fluid
Fluid pressure
Fluid temperature
Fluid flow rate
Hydraulic piping
Hydraulic pumps
Fluid conditioning
Hydraulic reservoir
Warnings and status
Emergency power sources
Proof of design
Aircraft system applications
Civil transport comparison
Airbus A320
Boeing
Landing gear systems

Electrical Systems

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 Electrical power evolution
Aircraft electrical system
Power generation
Primary power distribution
Power conversion and energy storage
Secondary power distribution
Typical aircraft dc system
Typical civil transport electrical system
Electrical loads
Emergency power generation
Recent systems developments
Electrical Load Management System (ELMS)
Variable Speed Constant Frequency (VSCF)
VDC Systems
More-Electric Aircraft (MEA) 227
Recent electrical system developments
Electrical systems displays
MIL-STD-1553
MIL-STD-1760
MIL-STD-1773

Pneumatic Systems

Use of bleed air

Engine bleed air control
Bleed air system indications
Bleed air system users
Pitot static systems

Environmental Control Systems

The need for a controlled environment

The International Standard Atmosphere (ISA)
Environmental control system design
Cooling systems
Humidity control
The inefficiency of present systems
Air distribution systems
Cabin noise
Cabin pressurization
Tolerance
Rain dispersal
Anti-misting and de-misting
Aircraft icing

Emergency Systems

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 Warning systems
Fire detection and suppression
Emergency power sources
Explosion suppression
Emergency oxygen
Passenger evacuation
Crew escape
Computer-controlled seats
Ejection system timing
High speed escape
Crash recorder
Crash switch
Emergency landing
Emergency system testing

Rotary Wing Systems

Special requirements of helicopters

Principles of helicopter flight
Helicopter flight control
Primary flight control actuation
Key helicopter systems
Helicopter auto-flight control
Active control technology
Advanced battlefield helicopter
Tilt rotor systems

Advanced Systems

STOL Maneuver Technology Demonstrator (SMTD)

Vehicle Management Systems (VMS)
More-electric aircraft
More-electric engine
Stealth
Joint Strike Fighter (JSF)
Integrated Flight and Propulsion Control (IFPC)
Vehicle management system
More-electric aircraft
More-electric actuation
More-electric engine
Impact of stealth design
Technology developments/demonstrators

System Design and Development

SEMP and ConOps

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 Systems analysis and  design
Development processes
System design
Key agencies and documentation
Design guidelines and certification
Techniques
Key elements of the development process
Major safety processes
Functional Hazard Analysis (FHA)
Preliminary System Safety Analysis (PSSA)
System Safety Analysis (SSA)
Common Cause Analysis (CCA)
Requirements capture
Top-down approach
Bottom-up approach
Fault Tree Analysis (FTA)
Dependency diagram
Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA)
DFMEA and PFMEA applied
FMECA and FTA
Component reliability
Analytical methods
In-service data
Dispatch reliability
Markov analysis
Reliability and safety engineering
Development processes
The product life cycle
Concept phase
Definition phase
Design phase
Build phase
Test phase (qualification phase)
Operate phase
Disposal or refurbish
Development program
‘V’ diagram
Extended Operations (ETOPS)

Avionics Technology

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 The nature of microelectronic devices
Processors
Memory devices
Digital data buses
A 429 data bus
MIL-STD-1553B
ARINC 629 data bus
COTS data buses
Data bus integration of aircraft systems
COTS data buses – IEEE 1394 468
Fiber optic buses
Avionics packaging standards
Typical LRU architecture
Integrated modular avionics

Military Avionics

Military communications
Radar
Sonar
Electro-Optics
ESM/DAS
Aircraft networks

Avionics Protocols in Military

Aircraft Data Network (ADN): Ethernet derivative for Commercial Aircraft

Avionics Full-Duplex Switched Ethernet (AFDX): Specific implementation of ARINC
664 (ADN) for Commercial Aircraft
ARINC 429: Generic Medium-Speed Data Sharing for Private and Commercial
Aircraft
ARINC 664: See ADN above
ARINC 629: Commercial Aircraft (Boeing 777)
ARINC 708: Weather Radar for Commercial Aircraft
ARINC 717: Flight Data Recorder for Commercial Aircraft
IEEE 1394b: Military Aircraft
MIL-STD-1553: Military Aircraft
MIL-STD-1760: Military Aircraft
TTP – Time-Triggered Protocol: Boeing 787 Dreamliner, Airbus A380, Fly-By-Wire
Actuation Platforms from Parker Aerospace
TTEthernet – Time-Triggered Ethernet: NASA Orion Spacecraft

Fundamentals of  FAA’s DO-178C

Introduction to DO-178B and Do-178C

DO-178B vs. DO-178C

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 DO-178/DO-254 certification process
DO-178/DO-254 project planning and management
DO-178/DO-254 master plan
DO-178/DO-254 need analysis and requirements
Software life cycle processes
Software life cycle definition
Transition criteria between processes
Software development plan
Software life cycle environment planning
Software development standards
Review of the software planning process software considerations in System life
cycle processes
System considerations in software life cycle processes
Software plan development and certification
Software development, design, coding and testing techniques
DO-178C criticality levels
Software design, testing, verification and validation processes
Software planning process objectives
Software planning process activities
Software plans
Plan for Software Aspects of Certification (PSAC)
Software Quality Assurance Planning (SQAP)
Software Configuration Management Planning (SCMP)
Software Development Planning (SDP)
Requirements, design, code, and integration
Software Verification Planning (SVP)
Reviews, tests, and analysis
Programmable hardware plan development and certification
Software and programmable hardware verification and validation
Recommended templates and recommendations
Hardware design life cycle
Tool qualification
Cost estimation and metrics
Software aspects of certification
Compliance determination

Fundamentals of FAA’s DO-254

DO-254 compliance
System safety and Design Assurance Level (DAL)
Application of DO-254 by EASA and FAA
DO-254 hardware design life cycle objectives and data
Integral/supporting processes
Validation and verification
Configuration management

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 Process assurance
Tool qualification
COTs cores and IPs
Single event upset and SRAM parts
Functional Failure Path (FFP)
Elemental analysis
Advanced verification techniques
Plan for Hardware Aspects of Certification (PHAC)
Requirements capture
Conceptual design
Detailed design
Implementation and production transition

 Avionic Systems Engineering Crash Course

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