Spores are produced aerobically Granuloma – clump of WBCs in the site of infection

Bacillus anthracis

PA + EF +LF – attachment to host cell surface

Cutaneous – skin

Pulmonary/inhalation – lungs and respiratory tract

Gastrointestinal – intestine

Injectional – soft tissues

Cutaneous Anthrax – 99 percent of all anthrax cases

worldwide

Inhalation anthrax – inhalation of spores

- Mild flu, cyanosis

Gastrointestinal anthrax – much higher fatality rate due

to difficulty in diagnosis

Spore Stain used -schaeffer fulton stain

phenylethyl alcohol agar – for stool samples

Bacillus Cereus

- Stool samples can be used, but suspected food

is usually the specimen

Clostridium

Gas gangrene and clostridial myonecrosis

Alpha-toxin –a phospholipase causing tissue necrosis

Enterotoxin – gastrointestinal illness

Myonecrosis – surgery is needed to remove necrotic

tissue and sometimes amputation is required

Flaccid muscles – weakening and loss of muscle tone

INFANT BOTULISM –flappy baby syndrome

Clostridium tetani – drumstick bacillus, lollipop bacillus

- Tetanospasmin – neurotoxin that causes spastic

paralysis

TETANUS TREATMENT – injection of antitoxin and

muscle relaxant

Diptheriae – x, y, l, v or morphologically similar Chinese

characters

Babes-Ernst granules are the nutrient reserves of the

Diptheriae cll

Listeria – attacks the CNS

- Similar to S. agalactiae in blood agar

E. rhusiopathae – easily decolorized

Gardnella vaginalis – stain gram negative even if gram

positive due to thin peptidoglycan cell wall

Nocardia – aerial hyphae