College Of Engineering And Management

(Affiliated to Pokhara University)

Nepalgunj, Banke

A
Proposal
On

“Restaurant Management System”

Submitted To:

Department of Information Technology

24th May, 2023
Project Title: Construction of Earthquake Resistant Frame
Model

Submitted by:
Prakash G.C. 161828
Hukum K.C. 161818
Sandip Tripathi 161848
Bijaya Babu Shrestha 161847

Submitted to:
Nepal College of Information Technology
(Affiliated to Pokhara University)
Balkumari, Lalitpur

31 December, 2019
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………… 1
LITERATURE REVIEW………………………………………………………………. 2
OBJECTIVE……………………………………………………………………………. 3
SCOPE OF RESEARCH………………………………………………………………...3
METHODOLOGY…………………………………………………..…………….…….4
EXPECTED OUTPUT……………………………………………….………………….5
REFERENCES……………………………………………………….………………….6
DRAWINGS......................................................................................................................7
INTRODUCTION

Reinforced cement concrete (R.C.C) is the combination of ordinary concrete with the
reinforcement to increase its compressive and tensile strength to a great extent. Concrete is a
versatile material for modern construction which is prepared by mixing well proportioned
quantities of cement(even lime in some cases), sand, crushed rock or gravel,
and water.
It has been used from foundations to the rooftops of buildings, in the construction of highways
roads traffic, and hydro-power tunnels, irrigation canals, drains, and all other conceivable
structures.
Concrete has a very high compressive strength, but it is low in tensile strength. Thus, when only
the compressive loads are acting on the concrete surface, then there is no need of using
reinforcement in it. But where tensile forces are also involved, as in, beams and slabs, there is a
very high risk of its failure when plain concrete is used. Steel, however, as we know, has a very
high tensile strength (and also have good compressive strength). Hence, when these two
(concrete and steel) are combined together, a material of construction is obtained that is capable
of withstanding all the three types of forces likely to act upon a structure, i.e., compressive loads,
tensile stresses, and shear forces. Such a material is known as Reinforced Cement Concrete. It
has proved extremely useful and reliable in engineering construction.
LITERATURE REVIEW

A French gardener by name Joseph Monier first invented the reinforced concrete in the year
1849. If not for this reinforced concrete most of the modern buildings would not have been
standing today. Reinforced concrete can be used to produce frames, columns, foundation, beams
etc. Reinforcement material used should have excellent bonding characteristic, high tensile
strength and good thermal compatibility. Reinforcement requires that there shall be smooth
transmission of load from the concrete to the interface between concrete and reinforcement
material and then on to reinforcement material. Thus the concrete and the material reinforced
shall have the same strain.

The steel bars are reinforced into the concrete. The bars have a rough, corrugated surface thus
allowing better bonding with steel rebars the concrete gets extra tensile strength. The
compression strength, bending also show marked improvement thermal expansion characteristic
of steel rebars and concrete shall match. The rebar shall have cross sectional are equal to 1% for
slabs and beams, this can be 6% in case of columns. The concrete has alkaline nature, this forms
a passivating film around the bars thereby protecting it from corrosion. This passivating film will
not form in 2 neutral or acidic condition. Carbonation of concrete takes place along with chloride
absorption resulting in failure of steel rebar. By comparing the tension capacity of steel bars and
concrete + steel reinforcements the reinforced concrete can be called as under reinforced (tensile
capacity of bars in less than concrete + bar) it is over reinforced (tensile capacity of steel is
greater than concrete + steel tensile strength. The over reinforced fails without giving prior
warning and under reinforced fails but gives a deformation warning before it fails. Therefore it is
better to consider an under reinforced concrete.

The construction material is continuously evolving. The demand for high strength, crack,
resistant and lighter concrete resulted in development of fiber reinforced concrete Fibers that are
used are steel, nylon, asbestos, glass, carbon, sisal, jute, coir, polypropylene.
OBJECTIVES

General Objective:
To construct a seismic resistant RCC frame model.
Specific Objectives:
• To study the material properties.
• To compare the suitability of various mix proportion.
• To study about the load resisting mechanism of frame.

SCOPE OF RESEARCH

This project to construct earthquake resistant frame model is expected to be an important tool to
make every students and others easier to understand about the load resisting mechanism of RCC
structure.
This project is also important in the sense that it will provide a platform to observe, understand,
and analyze the structural design, map study, map implementation and layout, detail properties of
material and their suitable mix ratios, complete construction procedure, and structural analysis of
RCC structure.
METHODOLOGY
The project work will be divided into two phases-
• Design phase
• Construction phase

• Design phase:
The design of frame is already completed. All the components of the frame are designed
according to load requirements. All the live loads, dead loads, wind loads and seismic
loads are considered for the design of frame. These loads are analysed to determine all
the design parameters such as depth of foundation and beam, width of foundation, beam
and column, size and number of reinforcement bars in each components and their
spacing, etc.
The drawings of the designed frame is placed under heading drawings.
• Construction phase:
The construction will be done in suitable scale. The construction of a R.C.C.model
includes following phases
• Layout of a model
We transfer the foundation plan of the structure on the ground surface according
the drawings, so that excavation can be carried out exactly where required and
position and orientation of the structure is exactly specified.
• Excavation work and PCC
The excavation of the trench is done according to layout for a required depth. And
the layer of PCC is laid in the dug portion before placing the reinforcements for
foundations
• Foundations
After PCC the foundation reinforcement work is started and concreting is done
after reinforcement. Remaining space between foundation is filled with earth.
• Foundations Beam
After foundation work is done, foundation beam reinforcement and formwork
preparation is done and poured with concrete.
• Superstructure column and beams
The columns are constructed up to slab level from the foundations and connected
with floor beam and framed structure is constructed. We will construct tie beam,
sill band and lintel band as specified in design.
EXPECTED OUTCOMES

During the construction of seismic resistant frame model, it is expected to gain immense
knowledge on the design of frame as well as on the practical aspects of construction that will
ultimately help us for the real field projects.
After the completion of construction, it will provide a platform for visualization to all the
students regarding the actual reinforcement structure, provision of tie beams, lintel and sill
bands, plinth beam, etc as well as the process of construction.
REFERENCES

1. https://civilseek.com
2. https://www.britannica.com
3. https://civiltoday.com
4. https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk
5. https://theconstructor.org
DRAWINGS