Second Semester
INTRODUCTION TO PHILIPPINE POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT
AcerJun G. Parafina/ BA Political Science 1-1
Part Two: Disciplines of Social Sciences
Outline
I. History
II. Economics
III. Sociology
IV. Anthropology
V. Psychology
VI. Philosophy
VII. Political Science
A. Importace of Political Science
B. Approaches of Political Science
C. Goals of Political Science
D. Scopes of Political Science
History
A narrative (written, visual, oral, or a combination of
all times) about past events that have meaning to a
certain group of people in a given time and place.
Isang “SALAYSAY na may SAYSAY” (A story with
meaning) Without both (story and meaning), then
there is no true history.
The sequence of events is essential. Not just
names, dates, and dead people.
Economics
Field of study concerned with the use of goods and
services (scarcity of resources)
Topics of study may include current high gas
prices, the distribution of wealth, and the use of
workers overseas.
Sociology
It is the study of human social relationships and
institutions. Sociology’s subject matter is diverse,
ranging from crime to religion, from the family to the
state, from the divisions of race and social class to
the shared beliefs of a common culture, and from
social stability to radical change in whole societies.
Date: 03/03/2023
 Sociology studies social life, social change,
and human behavior's social causes and
consequences.
Anthropology
Anthropology is the study of what makes us
human. They consider the past, through
archaeology, to see how human groups lived
hundreds or thousands of years ago and what was
important to them.
Psychology
Psychology is the science of mind and behavior.
Psychology includes the study of conscious and
unconscious phenomena, as well as feeling and
thought.
Psychology allows people to understand more
about how the body and mind work together. This
knowledge can help with decision-making and
avoiding stressful situations. It can help with time
management, setting and achieving goals, and
living effectively.
Philosophy
Classically, philosophy is the “search for
meaning.” The ‘search’ means looking for
something more, probing, or going beyond.
 It came from two Greek words; philos
which means love, and Sophia, which
means wisdom; hence, compounded, its
literal meaning is the ‘love of wisdom’
Political Science
It is a systematic study of the state, power, and
government. It is also an analysis of political
activities, political thoughts, and political behavior.
 It came from the term scire, which means to
study, and polis, which represents the
state.
Harry Truman
“Politics is a fascinating game because politics is
government. It is the art of government.”
Aneurin Bevan
“I have never regarded politics as the arena of
morals. It is the arena of interest.”
Oscar Ameringer
“Politics is the gentle art of getting votes from the
poor and campaign funds from the rich by
promising to protect each from the other.”
Importance of Political Science
Political science is concerned with the actual
workings of government rather than with the ideal
state. The founder of the subject was Aristotle in
the 4th century BC. His best-known book on
government is Politics, but he also composed a
study of the Athenian constitutions.
“The importance and function of political science
are to discover the principles that should be
adhered to in public affairs that eventually would
serve as a model that can be applied to matters of
urgent concern to public officials and private
citizens.”
As a Filipino, to be aware of our state, government
activities, politics, and your rights.
Approaches of Political Science
Goals of Political Science
1. Education for Citizenship - the primary
objective of the political science curriculum is to
equip students to discharge the obligations of
democratic citizenship
2. Essential Parts of Liberal Education -
Intelligent, responsible citizenship can save
democracy; ignorance and negligence can lose it
3. Knowledge and Understanding of
Government - the “good” citizen knows how his
government operates, his rights and obligations,
which his elected representatives are, and what
they stand for.
Scopes of Political Science
1. Political Philosophy – It deals with the
concepts of politics, government, liberty, and
justice.
 Political philosophy begins with the
question: What should be a person's
relationship to society?
 The subject seeks the application of ethical
concepts to the social sphere and thus
deals with the variety of forms of
government and social existence that
people could live in – and in so doing, it also
provides a standard by which to analyze
and judge existing institutions and
relationships.
2. Comparative Government and Politics – a
field of study characterized to explore politics within
countries using the comparative method or other
empirical methods.
 Comparative politics is central to the
development of political theory. For most
sciences, experimentation is the way to test
the theory, but comparison is the principal
method for political science.
3. International Relations deal with diplomatic
relations and practices among the states in the
worldview.
 International relations represents the study
of foreign affairs and global issues among
states within the international system,
including the roles of states, international
organizations (IGOs), non-governmental
organizations (NGOs), and multinational
corporations (MNCs).
4. Public Administration – deals with the study of
the bureaucracy behind the government and the
proper way to administer the needs of the general
public.
 Public administration is the implementation
of government policy and an academic
discipline that studies this implementation
and prepares civil employees for public
service.