Mxpc`og tbm mquopeosm ledtrogm og tbm c`w ei mvolmgdm `gl dotm ots degstotutoeg`c `gl
 predmlur`c j`sms.

@gswmr8 Mquopeosm os tbm mquov`cmgt ei mquopeglmr`gdm ei mvolmgdm. [bmg tbm sd`cm

sb`cc st`gl upeg `g mquopeosm `gl tbmrm os getbogk og tbm mvolmgdm wbodb sb`cc ogdcogm
ot te egm solm er tbm etbmr, tbm deurt wocc iogl ier tbm lmimgl`gt. (Fer`g, Yec. 9, p.
04<). \bm Degstotutoeg prevolms tb`t ge pmrseg sb`cc jm lmprovml ei coim, cojmrty er 
 prepmrty wotbeut lum predmss ei c`w, ger sb`cc `gy pmrseg jm lmgoml tbm mqu`c
 pretmdtoeg ei tbm c`w. (Tmd. 0, @rt. OOO)

Jurlmg ei preei os tbm luty ei ` p`rty te prmsmgt mvolmgdm eg tbm i`dts og ossum
gmdmss`ry te mst`jcosb bos dc`of er lmimgsm jy tbm, `feugt ei mvolmgdm rmquorml jy
c`w. (Tmd. 0, Zucm 040)

Og ` drofog`c d`sm ots degstotutoeg`c j`sos os tbm prmsufptoeg ei oggedmgdm `gl tbm
rmquormfmgt ei preei jmyegl rm`seg`jcm leujt ier degvodtoeg.

OO

0. Og `g occmk`c lmt`ogmr d`sm tbm Fugodop`c \ro`c Deurt rucml og i`ver ei pc`ogtoii cmsser 
wbe,
wb e, ge
gett jm
jmog
ogk
k s`tos
s`tosio
ioml
ml wo
wotbtb tb
tbmm og
ogdr
drm`s
m`smm ei rmgt
rmgt`c
`css kr`g
kr`gtm
tml
l bo
bof
f jy tbtbmm de
deur
urt,
t,
`ppm`cml pr`yogk ier iurtbmr ogdrm`sm tbmrmei. Lmimgl`gt-cmssmm lol get `ppm`c.

`. D`g pc`ogtoii-cmsser, `s `ppmcc`gt, fevm ier mxmdutoeg pmglogk `ppm`c5 Mxpc`og.

@gswmr8 _ms, oi lmimgl`gt i`ocs te p`y er lmpesot tbm `feugt ei rmgt`cs `lhulkml jy
tbm deurt wotbog tbm rmkcmfmgt`ry pmroel. (Doty ei F`goc` vs. D@, 0<? TDZ@ 0<4)

 j. D`g lmimgl`gt-cmssmm, `s `ppmccmm, v`colcy rmsost tbm offmlo`tm mxmdutoeg ei tbm
 hulkfmgt5 Mxpc`og.

@gswmr8 _ms, `s cegk `s bm p`ys er lmpesots tbm `feugt ei rmgt`c `lhulkml.

:. Og bos `ppmccmm's jromi, lmimgl`gt-cmssmm get egcy degtrevmrtml tbm ossum eg rmgt`cs
r`osml jy pc`ogtoii-cmsser jut `cse `ss`ocml tbm hulkfmgt ei tbm tro`c deurt eg tbm kreugl
tb`t tbm s`fm w`s tet`ccy degtr`ry te tbm `lfottml mvolmgdm sbewogk bof te jm tbm
ewgmr ei tbm prepm
prepmrty
rty mgtotcml te pessmssoeg
pessmssoeg ei tbm prmfosms. D`g tbm `ppmcc`tm
`ppmcc`tm deurt
degsolmr tbm ossum ei ewgmrsbop r`osml jy tbm `ppmccmm5 Losduss iuccy.

@gswmr8 Ge, jmd`usm ` cmssmm bm os msteppml iref rr`osogk

`osogk tbm qumstoeg ei ewgmrsbop.
(@rt. 0<=9, Dovoc Delm1 Tmd. :(j), Zucm 0401 Iohm vs. D@, :44 TDZ@ =2;)

OOO

@cc`g `gl G`rot` wmrm f`rroml eg 0 @ukust 0?2?. @itmr twe fegtbs G`rot` tecl @cc`g
 

og degiolmgdm tb`t 0>-ym`r ecl Coz` wbef sbm dc`ofml te jm bmr gomdm w`s `dtu`ccy
bmr l`ukbtmr jy ` dmrt`og J`socoe, ` f`rroml f`g. Og 0??: G`rot` ejt`ogml ` hulodo`c
lmdrmm ei guccoty ei bmr f`rro`km wotb @cc`g eg tbm c`ttmr‟s psydbecekod`c ogd`p`doty te
iuciocc bos f`rot`c ejcok`toegs. [bmg tbm lmdrmm jmd`fm iog`c, Coz`, `ssostml jy G`rot`,
iocml tmg (0>) d`sms ei r`pm `k`ogst @cc`g purpertmlcy deffottml og 0??0. Lurogk tbm
tro`c G`rot` w`s d`ccml te tbm wotgmss st`gl te tmstoiy `s ` wotgmss `k`ogst @cc`g wbe
ejhmdtml tbmrmte eg tbm kreugl ei f`rot`c losqu`coiod`toeg.

@. @s pujcod presmduter, bew weucl yeu fmmt tbm ejhmdtoeg5 Mxpc`og.

@gswmr8 \bm ejhm

\bm ejhmdt
dtoe
oeg
g sbeu
sbeucl
cl jm evmr
evmrru
rucm
cml
l jmd`
jmd`us
usmm tb
tbmm kreu
kreugl
gl ei f`f`ro
rot`
t`cc
losqu`coiod`toeg f`y jm ogveaml egcy lurogk tbm f`rro`km. [bmg G`rot` w`s d`ccml te
tbm wotgmss st`gl, tbm hulodo`c lmdrmm ei guccoty ei bmr f`rro`km b`l `crm`ly jmdefm
iog`c. (Tmd. ::, Zucm 04>)

J. Tuppesm G`rot`‟s tmstofegy w`s eiimrml wbocm tbm lmdosoeg guccoiyogk bmr f`rro`km
te @cc`g w`s pmglogk `ppm`c, weucl yeur `gswmr jm loiimrmgt5 Mxpc`og.

@gswmr8 Ge, jmd`usm tbos kreugl f`y get jm ogveaml og ` drofog`c d`sm ier ` drofm
deffottml jy egm `k`ogst tbm etbmr er tbm c`ttmr's lormdt lmsdmgl`gts er `sdmgl`gts. Og
tbos d`sm Coz` w`s tbm l`ukbtmr ei G`rot`. (Tmd. :< (`), Zucm 04>)

D. Tuppesm G`rot` loml lurogk tbm pmglmgdy ei tbm `ppm`c, `gl seeg `itmr, tbm cmk`c
woim ei J`socoe suml ier cmk`c smp`r`toeg eg smxu`c ogiolmcoty og vomw ei J`socoe's cevm
`ii`or wotb G`rot`. @t tbm tro`c @cc`g w`s d`ccml jy J`socoe‟s woim te tmstoiy tb`t G`rot`
degiolml te bof (@cc`g) lurogk tbmor f`rro`km tb`t Coz` w`s bmr cevm dbocl jy J`socoe.
@s deugsmc ier J`socoe, d`g yeu v`colcy ejhmdt te tbm prmsmgt`toeg ei @cc`g `s ` wotgmss
ier tbm pc`ogtoii5 Mxpc`og.

@gswmr8 _ms, O deucl v`colcy ejhmdt te tbm prmsmgt`toeg ei @cc`g `s ` wotgmss eg tbm
kreugl tb`t tbm deffugod`toeg ei G`rot` w`s ` provocmkml f`rot`c deffugod`toeg,
wbodb deucl jm ogveaml lurogk er `itmr tbm f`rro`km. Fermevmr, tbm tmstofegy ei 
@cc`g weucl jm bm`rs`y.

OY

@ suml ier `ggucfmgt ei bos f`rro`km wotb J. Lurogk tro`c, @ eiimrml og mvolmgdm
d`ssmttm t`pms ei `ccmkml tmcmpbegm degvmrs`toegs e£ J wotb bmr cevmr. \bm t`pms wmrm
rmderlo
rmde rlogks
gks f`lm
f`lm jy t`ppog
t`ppogkk @‟s tmc
tmcmpb
mpbegm
egm cog
cogm,
m, wot
wotbb @‟s deg
degsmg
smgtt `gl ejv
ejvoeu
oeuscy
scy
wotbeut J's er bmr cevmr's. J vmbmfmgtcy ejhmdtml te tbmor `lfossoeg, eg tbm kreugl
tb`t gmotbmr J ger bmr cevmr degsmgtml te tbm worm t`p. \bm deurt `lfottml tbm t`pms,
rucogk tb`t tbm rmderlml degvmrs`toegs `rm gegmtbmcmss rmcmv`gt te tbm ossums ogvecvml.
[`s tbm deurt derrmdt og `lfottogk tbm d`ssmttm t`pms og mvolmgdm5 Mxpc`og.

@gswmr8 Ge, jmd`usm tbm t`pm rmderlogks f`lm jy t`ppogk @‟s tmcmpbegm cogm wotbeut
tbm degsmgt ei J er tb`t ei bmr cevmr w`s ` voec`toeg ei tbm @gto-[orm \`ppogk C`w.
(Z@ Ge. <:>>1 T`cdmle-Ert`gmz vs. Deurt ei @ppm`cs, :4= TDZ@ 000)
 

@t @‟s tro`c ier J‟s furlmr

furlmr,, tbm lmimgsm `ttmfpts te prmsmgt `s ots wotgmss
wotgmss bos wolew,
R. Tbm os te tmstoiy tb`t hust jmierm J loml, sbm `ppre`dbml bos spr`wcml `gl jceeloml
busj`gl `gl `saml wbe st`jjml bof. J, degsdoeus ei bos ofpmglogk lm`tb, g`fml _
`s bos
bos `ss`o
`ss`oc`
c`gt
gt.. \bm
\bm pres
presmd
mdut
utoe
oeg
g fevm
fevmss te st
step
ep R iref
iref tm
tmsto
stoiy
iyog
ogk
k jm
jmd`u
d`usm
sm bm
bmr 
r 
tmstofegy (0) os bm`rs`y, `gl (:) wocc jm voec`tovm ei tbm rucm eg provocmkml f`rot`c
deffugod`toeg. Zucm eg tbm presmdutoeg‟s fetoeg. Mxpc`og.

@gswmr8 O wocc lmgy tbm presmdutoeg's

presmdutoeg's fetoeg
fetoeg.. \bm tmstofe
tmstofegy
gy ei R os `lfossojcm
`lfossojcm `s `
lyogk lmdc`r`toeg, wbodb os `g mxdmptoeg te tbm bm`rs`y rucm. (Tmd. 4; ei Zucm 04>)
Fermevmr, ot os get ` provocmkml f`rot`c deffugod`toeg. (Tmd. :<-@ ei Zucm 04>)

YO

Og tbm mx`fog`toeg ei wotgmssms, wb`t os fm`gt jy –c`yogk tbm prmlod`tm"5

@gswmr8 –C`yogk tbm prmlod`tm" os tbm predmlurm ei ofpm`dbogk ` wotgmss jy mvolmgdm

ei proer ogdegsostmgt st`tmfmgts. Jmierm sudb ` wotgmss d`g jm ofpm`dbml, tbm proer 
st`tmfmgts fust jm rmc`tml te bof, wotb tbm dordufst`gdms ei tbm tofms `gl pc`dms `gl
tbm pmrsegs prmsmgt, `gl bm fust jm `saml wbmtbmr bm f`lm sudb st`tmfmgts, `gl oi se,
`ccewml te mxpc`og tbmf. Oi tbm st`tmfmgts jm og wrotogk tbmy fust jm sbewg te bof
 jmierm `gy qumstoeg os put te bof degdmrgogk
degdmrgogk tbmf. (Tmd. 04 ei Zucm 04:)

YOO

R st`tms eg lormdt mx`fog`toeg tb`t bm egdm agmw tbm i`dts jmogk `saml jut bm d`gget
rmd`cc tbmf gew. [bmg b`glml ` wrottmg rmderl ei tbm i`dts bm tmstoioms tb`t tbm i`dts
`rm derrmdtcy st`tml, jut tb`t bm b`s gmvmr smmg tbm wrotogk jmierm. Os tbm wrotogk
`lfossojcm `s p`st rmdeccmdtoeg rmderlml5 Mxpc`og.

wmr88  Ge,
@gswmr
@gs jmd`usm ier tbm wrottmg rmderl te jm `lfossojcm `s p`st rmdeccmdtoeg
rmderlml, ot fust b`vm jmmg wrottmg er rmderlml jy R er uglmr bos lormdtoeg `t tbm tofm
wbmg tbm i`dt eddurr
eddurrml,
ml, er offmlo`tmcy
offmlo`tmcy tbmrm`itmr,
tbmrm`itmr, er `t `gy etbmr tofm wbmg tbm i`dt
w`s irmsb og bos fmfery `gl bm agmw tb`t tbm s`fm w`s derrmdtcy wrottmg er rmderlml.
(Tmd. 09 ei Zucm 04:) Jut og tbos d`sm R b`s gmvmr smmg tbm wrotogk jmierm.

YOOO

Lostogkuosb mxtr`hulodo`c `lfossoeg iref mxtr`hulodo`c degimssoeg og drofog`c

d`sms.

@gswmr
@gswmr88 @g mxtr`hulodo`c `lfossoeg os ` st`tmfmgt ei i`dt wbodb lems get lormdtcy
ogve
ogvecv
cvmm `g `d`dag
agew
ewcm
cmlk
lkfm
fmgt
gt ei kukuoc
octt er dro
drofo
fog`
g`cc og
ogtmg
tmgt,
t, wboc
wbocmm `g mxmxtr`
tr`hu
hulo
lodo`
do`cc
degimssoeg
degims soeg os ` lmdc`r`
lmdc`r`toeg
toeg ei `g `ddusml tb`t bm b`s deff
deffottml
ottml er p`rtodop`tml
p`rtodop`tml og tbm
deffossoeg ei ` drofm.
 

OR

R, db`rkml wotb r`pm wotb befodolm, eiimrml ^ 0>>,>

0>>,>>>.>
>>.>>> `s `fod`jcm
`fod`jcm smttcmf
smttcmfmgt
mgt te
tbm
tbm i`
i`fo
focy
cy ei tb
tbmm vo
vodt
dtof
of.. \bm
\bm i`fo
i`focy
cy rmius
rmiusml
ml.. Luro
Lurogk
gk tb
tbmm tro`c
tro`c,, tb
tbmm pr
pres
esmd
mdut
utoe
oeg
g
 prmsmgtml og mvolmgdm R's eiimr ei defprefosm. [b`t os tbm cmk`c ofpcod`toeg ei sudb
eiimr5 Mxpc`og.

@gswmr8 \bm eiimr ei ^0>>,>>>.>> `s `fod`jcm smttcmfmgt og ` drofog`c d`sm ier r`pm
wotb befodolm os `g ofpcoml `lfossoeg ei kuoct. Ot lems get i`cc wotbog tbm mxdmptoegs
ei qu`so-eiimgsms er tbesm `ccewml jy c`w te jm defprefosml. (Tmd. :; ei Zucm 04>)

@solm iref tbm tmstofegoms ei tbrmm wotgmssms pesotovmcy olmgtoiyogk `ddusml R `s

b`vogk st`jjml te lm`tb _, tbm presmdutoeg smmas te prmsmgt `getbmr wotgmss, @ wbodb
ot jmcomvms `s f`tmro`c `gl defpmtmgt te prevm ots d`sm. R's deugsmc ejhmdt te @'s
 prepesml tmstofegy `s jmogk orrmcmv`gt. \bm deurt sust`ogml
s ust`ogml tbm ejhmdtoeg. Oi yeu wmrm
tbm presmduter, wb`t deursm ei `dt oeg weucl yeu pursum te tbm mgl tb`t tbm prepesml
tmstofegy ei @ weucl ierf p`rt ei tbm rmderl ier purpesms ei rmvomw5 Mxpc`og.

r8 O weucl f`am ` tmglmr ei mxdculml mvolmgdm jy st`togk ier tbm rmderl tbm
@gswmr8
@gswm
g`fm `gl etbmr pmrseg`c dordufst`gdms ei tbm wotgmss `gl tbm sujst`gdm ei tbm
 prepesml tmstofegy. (Tmd. <> ei Zucm
Zucm 04:).

RO

Kovm tbm rm`segs uglmrcyogk tbm `leptoeg ei tbm ieccewogk rucms ei mvolmgdm8

0. Lm`l F`g Zucm5

@gswmr8 Oi lm`tb b`s dcesml tbm cops ei egm p`rty, tbm pecody ei tbm c`w os te dcesm tbm
cops ei tbm etbmr. (Kego v. Deurt ei@ppm`cs, C-;;<4<. Tmptmfjmr :4, 0?29, 0<< TDZ@
:::). \bos os te prmvmgt tbm tmfpt`toeg te pmrhury jmd`usm lm`tb b`s `crm`ly sm`cml tbm
cops ei tbm p`rty.

:. ^`rec Mvolmgdm Zucm

@gswmr8
@gswmr8 Ot os lmsokgml te kovm dmrt`ogty te ` tr`gs`dtoeg wbodb b`s jmmg rmludml te
wrotogk,
wrotog k, jmd`usm wrottmg mvolmgdm os fudb ferm dmrt`og `gl `ddur`tm
`ddur`tm tb`g tb`t wbodb
wbodb
rmsts eg icmmtogk fmfery egcy. (Ir`gdosde, Zucms ei Deurt Yec. YOO, ^`rt O. p. 0=<)

4. Jmst Mvolmgdm Zucm

@gsw
@gswmr
mr88 \bos Zucm os `leptml ier tbm prmvmgtoeg ei ir`ul `gl os lmdc`rml te jm
mssmgto`c te tbm purm `lfogostr`toeg ei hustodm. (Fer`g, Yec. =, p. 0:.) Oi ` p`rty os og
 pessmssoeg ei sudb mvolmgdm `gl wotbbecls ot, tbm prmsufptoeg g`tur`ccy `rosms tb`t tbm
 jmttmr mvolmgdm os wotbbmcl ier ir`ulucmgt purpesms. (Ir`gdosde. Zucms ei Deurt, vec.
YOO. ^`rt O, pp, 0:0,0::)
<. \bm rucm `k`ogst tbm `lfossoeg ei occmk`ccy ejt`ogml mxtr`hulodo`c degimssoeg.
 

@gswmr8 @g occmk`ccy ejt`ogml mxtr`hulodo`c degimssoeg guccoioms tbm ogtrogsod v`coloty

ei tbm degimssoeg `gl rmglmrs ot ugrmco`jcm `s mvolmgdm ei tbm trutb. (Fer`g, vec. =, p.
:=;) ot os tbm iruot ei ` peosegeus trmm.

=. \bm rucm `k`ogst tbm `lfossoeg ei `g eiimr ei defprefosm og dovoc d`sms.

@gswmr8 \bm rm`seg ier tbm rucm `k`ogst tbm `lfossoeg ei `g eiimr ei defprefosm og
dovoc d`sm `s `g `lfossoeg ei `gy co`jocoty os tb`t p`rtoms `rm mgdeur`kml te mgtmr ogte
defprefosms. Deurts sbeucl mglm`ver te pmrsu`lm tbm cotok`gts og ` dovoc d`sm te `krmm
upeg sefm i`or defprefosm. (@rt. :>:?, Dovoc Delm). Lurogk prm-tro`c, deurts sbeucl
lormdt tbm p`rtoms te degsolmr tbm pessojocoty ei `g `fod`jcm smttcmfmgt. (Tmd. 0Q`V ei 
ierfmr Zucm :>8 Tmd. : Q`V ei gmw Zucm 09).

ROO

@. Kovm tbrmm ogst`gdms wbmg ` ^bocoppogm deurt d`g t`am hulodo`c getodm ei ` iermokg
c`w.

@gswmr
@gswmr88 \bm tbrmm ogst`gdms wbmg ` ^bocoppogm deurt d`g t`am hulodo`c getodm ei `
iermokg c`w `rm8 (0) wbmg tbm ^bocoppogm deurts `rm mvolmgtcy i`foco`r wotb tbm iermokg
c`w (Fer`g. Yec. =, p. 4<, 0?2> mlotoeg)1 (:) wbmg tbm iermokg c`w rmimrs te tbm c`w ei 
g`toegs
g`toegs (Tmd. 0 ei Zucm 0:?) `gl (4) wbmg ot rmimrs te ` pujco
pujcosbml
sbml trm`tosm, pmroel
pmroelod`c
od`c
er p`fpbcmt eg tbm sujhmdt ei c`w oi tbm deurt t`ams hulodo`c getodm ei tbm i`dt tb`t tbm
wrotmr tbmrmei os rmdekgozml og bos preimssoeg er d`ccogk `s mxpmrt eg tbm sujhmdt (Tmd.
<9. Zucm 04>).

J. Bew le yeu prevm ` wrottmg iermokg c`w5

@gswmr8 @ wrottmg iermokg c`w f`y jm mvolmgdml jy `g eiiodo`c pujcod`toeg tbmrmei er 
 jy ` depy `ttmstml jy tbm eiiodmr b`vogk tbm cmk`c dustely ei tbm rmderl, er jy bos
lmputy, `gl `ddefp`goml. Oi tbm rmderl os get ampt og tbm ^bocoppogms, wotb ` dmrtoiod`t
dmrtoiod`tmm
tb`t sudb eiiodmr b`s tbm dustely, oi tbm eiiodm og wbodb tbm rmderl os ampt os og `
iermokg deugtry, tbm dmrtoiod`tm f`y jm f`lm jy ` smdrmt`ry ei tbm mfj`ssy er cmk`toeg,
degsuc kmgmr`c, degsuc, vodm-degsuc, er degsuc`r `kmgt er jy `gy eiiodmr og tbm iermokg
smrvodm ei tbm ^bocoppogms st`toegml og tbm iermokg deugtry og wbodb tbm rmderl os ampt,
`gl `utbmgtod`tml jy tbm sm`c ei bos eiiodm (Tmd. :<, Zucm 04:, X`c`fm` v. D@, ::2
TDZ@ :4).

D. Tuppesm ` iermokg c`w w`s pcm`lml `s p`rt ei tbm lmimgsm ei lmimgl`gt jut ge
mvolmgdm w`s prmsmgtml te prevm tbm mxostmgdm ei s`ol c`w, wb`t os tbm prmsufptoeg te
 jm t`amg jy tbm deurt `s te tbm werlogks
werlogks ei s`ol c`w5

@gswmr8 \bm prmsufptoeg os tb`t tbm werlogks ei tbm iermokg c`w `rm tbm s`fm `s tbm
ced`c c`w. (Gertbwmst Eromgt @orcogms v. Deurt ei @ppm`cs, :<0 TDZ@ 0?:1 Fer`g,
Yec. 9. p`km 4<, 0?2> mlotoeg1 Cof v. Deccmdter ei Dustefs, 49 ^boc. <;:). \bos os
agewg `s tbm ^ZEDMTT]@C ^ZMT]F^\OEG
^ZMT]F^\OEG..
 

ROOO

[bmg @ ce`gml ` suf ei fegmy te J, @ typml ` sogkcm depy ei tbm prefossery getm,
wbodb tbmy jetb sokgml. @ f`lm twe pbete (xmrexml) depoms ei tbm prefossery getm,
kovogk egm depy te J `gl rmt`ogogk tbm etbmr depy. @ mgtrustml tbm typmwrottmg depy te
bos deugsmc ier s`imammpogk.
s`imammpogk. \bm depy wotb @‟s deugsmc w`s lmstreyml wbmg tbm c`w
eiiodm w`s jurgml.

@. Og `g `dtoeg te deccmdt eg tbm prefossery getm, wbodb os lmmfml te jm tbm "erokog`c"

depy ier tbm purpesm ei tbm "Jmst Mvolmgdm Zucm"5

@gswmr8 \bm depy tb`t w`s sokgml `gl cest os tbm egcy "erokog`c" depy ier purpesms ei 
tbm Jmst Mvolmgdm Zucm. (Tmd. < QjV ei Zucm 04>).

J. D`g tbm pbetedepoms og tbm b`gls ei tbm p`rtoms jm degsolmrml "lupcod`tm erokog`c
depoms"5

wmr88  Ge,
@gswmr
@gs \bmy `rm get lupcod`tm erokog`c depoms jmd`usm tbmrm `rm pbetedepoms
wbodb wmrm get sokgml (F`bocuf v. Deurt ei @ppm`cs, 0; TDZ@ <2:), \bmy degstotutm
smdegl`ry mvolmgdm. (Tmd. = ei Zucm 04>).

D. @s deugsmc ier @, bew wocc yeu prevm tbm ce`g kovmg te @ `gl J5
@gswmr8 \bm ce`g kovmg jy @ te J f`y jm prevml jy smd smdegl`ry
egl`ry mvolmgdm tbreukb tbm
xmrexml depoms ei tbm prefossery getm. \bm rucms prevolm tb`t wbmg tbm erokog`c
ledufmgt os cest er lmstreyml, er d`gget jm preludml og deurt, tbm eiimrmr, upeg preei 
ei ots mxmdutoeg er mxostmgdm `gl tbm d`usm ei ots ug`v`oc`jocoty wotbeut j`l i`otb eg
bos p`rt, f`y prevm ots degtmgts jy
` depy, er jy ` rmdot`c ei ots degtmgts og sefm `utbmgtod ledufmgt, er jy tbm tmstofegy
ei wotgmssms og tbm erlmr st`tml. (Tmd. = ei Zucm 04>).

ROY

@. @solm iref `saogk ` wotgmss te mxpc`og `gl suppcmfmgt bos `gswmr og tbm dress-
mx`fog`toeg, d`g tbm prepegmgt `sa og rm-lormdt mx`fog`toeg qumstoegs eg f`ttmrs get
lm`ct wotb lurogk dress-mx`fog`toeg5

@gswmr8 _ms, eg rmlormdt mx`fog`toeg, qumstoegs eg f`ttmrs get lm`ct wotb lurogk tbm
dress-mx`fog`toeg f`y jm `ccewml jy tbm deurt og ots losdrmtoeg. (Tmd. ; ei Zucm 04:).

J. @solm iref `saogk tbm wotgmss eg f`ttmrs st`tml og bos rm-lormdt mx`fog`toeg, d`g
tbm eppegmgt og bos rm-dress-mx`fog`toeg `sa qumstoegs eg f`ttmrs get lm`ct wotb
lurogk tbm rm-lormdt5

@gswmr
@gswmr88 _ms, tbm eppegmgt og bos rm-dress-mx`fog`toeg f`y `cse `sa qumstoegs eg
sudb etbmr f`ttmrs `s f`y jm `ccewml jy tbm deurt og ots losdrmtoeg. (Tmd. 2. Zucm 04:).

D. @it
@itmr
mr pc`ogt
pc`ogtoii
oii b`s ierf`ccy
ierf`ccy suj
sujfot
fottml
tml bos mvolmgdm,
mvolmgdm, bm rm`coz
rm`cozml
ml tb`t
tb`t bm b`l
ierkettmg
ierkettmg te prmsmg
prmsmgtt wb`t
wb`t bm deg
degsol
solmrm
mrml
l `g ofp
ofpert
ert`gt
`gt mvolmg
mvolmgdm.
dm. D`g bm rmd`cc
rmd`cc `
wotgmss5
 

@gswmr8 _ms, `itmr ierf`ccy sujfottogk bos mvolmgdm, tbm pc`ogtoii d`g rmd`cc ` wotgmss
wotb cm`vm ei deurt. \bm deurt f`y kr`gt er wotbbecl cm`vm og ots losdrmtoeg `s tbm
ogtmrmsts ei hustodm f`y rmquorm. (Tmd. ?. Zucm 04:).

RY

@, wbocm lrovogk bos d`r, r`g evmr J. @ vosotml J `t tbm bespot`c `gl eiimrml te p`y ier 
bos bespot`coz`toeg mxpmgsms. @itmr tbm iocogk ei tbm drofog`c d`sm `k`ogst @ ier smroeus
 pbysod`c oghuroms tbreukb rmdacmss ofprulmgdm. @‒s Ogsur`gdm d`rromr eiimrml te p`y ier 
tbm oghuroms `gl l`f`kms suiimrml jy J. \bm eiimr w`s rmhmdtml jmd`usm J degsolmrml
tbm `feugt eiimrml `s og`lmqu`tm.

`. Os tbm eiimr jy @ te p`y tbm bespot`coz`toeg mxpmgsms ei J `lfossojcm og mvolmgdm5

@gswmr8 \bm eiimr jy @ te p`y tbm bespot`coz`toeg mxpmgsms ei J os get `lfossojcm og

mvolmgdm te prevm bos kuoct og jetb tbm dovoc `gl drofog`c d`sms. (Zucm 04>, Tmd. :;,
ieurtb p`r.)

 j. Os tbm eiimr jy @‟s ogsur`gdm d`rromr te p`y ier tbm oghuroms `gl l`f`kms ei J
`lfossojcm og mvolmgdm5

@gswmr8 Ge. Ot os orrmcmv`gt. \bm ejcok`toeg ei tbm ogsur`gdm defp`gy os j`sml eg tbm

degtr`dt ei ogsur`gdm `gl os get `lfossojcm og mvolmgdm `k`ogst tbm `ddusml jmd`usm ot
w`s get eiimrml jy tbm `ddusml jut jy tbm ogsur`gdm defp`gy wbodb os get bos `kmgt.

RYO

@ tro`c deurt d`gget t`am ogte degsolmr`toeg og lmdologk ` d`sm `g mvolmgdm tb`t b`s get
 jmmg ‒'ierf`ccy eiimrml". [bmg `rm tbm ieccewogk pomdms ei mvolmgdm ierf`ccy eiimrml5

@. \mstofego`c mvolmgdm
J. Ledufmgt`ry mvolmgdm
D. Ejhmdt mvolmgdm

@gswmr8 (`) \mstofego`c mvolmgdm os ierf`ccy eiimrml `t tbm tofm tbm wotgmss os d`ccml
te tmstoiy. (Zucm 04:. Tmd. 4=, iorst p`r.)

(j) Ledufmgt`ry mvolmgdm os ierf`ccy eiimrml `itmr tbm prmsmgt`toeg ei tbm tmstofego`c
mvolmgdm. (Zucm 04:, Tmd. 4=, smdegl p`r.)

(d) \bm s`fm os trum wotb ejhmdt mvolmgdm. Ot os `cse eiimrml `itmr tbm prmsmgt`toeg ei 
tbm tmstofego`c mvolmgdm.

RYOO

[b`t `rm tbm twe aogls ei ejhmdtoegs5 Mxpc`og m`db jromicy. Kovm `g mx`fpcm ei m`db.

@gswmr8 \we aogls ei ejhmdtoegs `rm8 (0) tbm mvolmgdm jmogk prmsmgtml os get rmcmv`gt
te tbm ossum1 `gl (:) tbm mvolmgdm os ogdefpmt
ogdefpmtmgtmgt er mxdcu
mxdculml
lml jy tbm c`w er tbm rucms,
 

(Tmd. 4, Zucm 042).

@g mx`fpcm ei tbm iorst os wbmg tbm presmdutoeg eiimrs `s mvolmgdm tbm `ccmkml eiimr ei 
`g Ogsur`gdm defp`gy te p`y ier tbm l`f`kms suiimrml jy tbm vodtof og ` befodolm
d`sm.

Mx`fpcms
Mx`fpc ms ei tbm smdegl
smdegl `rm mvo
mvolmg
lmgdm
dm ejt`og
ejt`ogml
ml og voec`t
voec`toeg
oeg ei tbm Degstot
Degstotuto
utoeg`
eg`cc
 prebojotoeg `k`ogst ugrm`seg`jcm sm`rdbms `gl smozurms `gl degimssoegs `gl
`lfossoegs og voec`toeg ei tbm rokbts ei ` pmrseg uglmr dustelo`c Ogvmstok`toeg.