Subject Group5: Mathematics

Math Applications and Interpretation

Topic 2: Functions

Lina Alkhalayleh

Student Name: ________________

DP year 2-External-May2023
AI-T2- Functions-Revision Pack [214 marks]
1. [2 marks]
The graph of the quadratic function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑐 + 𝑏𝑥 − 𝑥 2 intersects the 𝑥-axis at the point
A(−1, 0) and has its vertex at the point B(3, 16).

Find the value of 𝑏.

Markscheme
−𝑏
= 3 (M1)
2(−1)

Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution into axis of symmetry formula.

OR
𝑏 − 2𝑥 = 0 (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for correctly differentiating and equating to zero.

OR
𝑐 + 𝑏(−1) − (−1)2 = 0 (or equivalent)
𝑐 + 𝑏(3) − (3)2 = 16 (or equivalent) (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution of (−1, 0) and (3, 16) in the original
quadratic function.

(𝑏 =) 6 (A1)(ft) (C2)

Note: Follow through from part (a).

[2 marks]
2a. [2 marks]
Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 5, for 𝑥 ∈ ℝ.
Find 𝑓(8).

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor differences
in marking or structure.
attempt to substitute 𝑥 = 8 (M1)
eg     82 + 2 × 8 + 1
𝑓(8) = 81 A1 N2
[2 marks]
2b. [2 marks]
Find (𝑔 ∘ 𝑓)(𝑥).

Markscheme
attempt to form composition (in any order) (M1)
eg     𝑓(𝑥 − 5), 𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)), (𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1) − 5
(𝑔 ∘ 𝑓)(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 4 A1 N2
[2 marks]
2c. [3 marks]
Solve (𝑔 ∘ 𝑓)(𝑥) = 0.

Markscheme
valid approach (M1)

−2±√20
eg 𝑥= ,
2

1.23606, −3.23606
𝑥 = 1.24, 𝑥 = −3.24 A1A1 N3
[3 marks]
3a. [3 marks]
All lengths in this question are in metres.
Let 𝑓(𝑥) = −0.8𝑥 2 + 0.5, for −0.5 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 0.5. Mark uses 𝑓(𝑥) as a model to create a barrel.
The region enclosed by the graph of 𝑓, the 𝑥-axis, the line 𝑥 = −0.5 and the line 𝑥 = 0.5 is
rotated 360° about the 𝑥-axis. This is shown in the following diagram.
Use the model to find the volume of the barrel.

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor differences
in marking or structure.
attempt to substitute correct limits or the function into the formula involving
𝑦2
0.5
eg     𝜋 ∫−0.5 𝑦 2 d𝑥, 𝜋∫ (−0.8𝑥 2 + 0.5)2 d𝑥

0.601091
volume = 0.601 (m3 ) A2 N3
[3 marks]
3b. [3 marks]
The empty barrel is being filled with water. The volume 𝑉 m3 of water in the barrel after 𝑡
minutes is given by 𝑉 = 0.8(1 − e−0.1𝑡 ). How long will it take for the barrel to be half-full?

Markscheme
attempt to equate half their volume to 𝑉 (M1)
eg     0.30055 = 0.8(1 − e−0.1𝑡 ), graph
4.71104
4.71 (minutes) A2 N3
[3 marks]
4a. [4 marks]
In the month before their IB Diploma examinations, eight male students recorded the
number of hours they spent on social media.
For each student, the number of hours spent on social media (𝑥) and the number of IB
Diploma points obtained (𝑦) are shown in the following table.

On graph paper, draw a scatter diagram for these data. Use a scale of 2 cm to represent 5
hours on the 𝑥-axis and 2 cm to represent 10 points on the 𝑦-axis.

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor differences
in marking or structure.

(A4)
Notes: Award (A1) for correct scale and labelled axes.
Award (A3) for 7 or 8 points correctly plotted,
(A2) for 5 or 6 points correctly plotted,
(A1) for 3 or 4 points correctly plotted.
Award at most (A0)(A3) if axes reversed.
Accept 𝑥 and 𝑦 sufficient for labelling.
If graph paper is not used, award (A0).
If an inconsistent scale is used, award (A0). Candidates’ points should be read from this
scale where possible and awarded accordingly.
A scale which is too small to be meaningful (ie mm instead of cm) earns (A0) for plotted
points.

[4 marks]
4b. [2 marks]
Use your graphic display calculator to find
(i) 𝑥, the mean number of hours spent on social media;
(ii) 𝑦, the mean number of IB Diploma points.

Markscheme
(i) 𝑥 = 21 (A1)
(ii) 𝑦 = 31 (A1)
[2 marks]
4c. [2 marks]
Plot the point (𝑥, 𝑦) on your scatter diagram and label this point M.

Markscheme
(𝑥, 𝑦) correctly plotted on graph (A1)(ft)
this point labelled M (A1)

Note: Follow through from parts (b)(i) and (b)(ii).

Only accept M for labelling.

[2 marks]
4d. [2 marks]
Write down the equation of the regression line 𝑦 on 𝑥 for these eight male students.

Markscheme
𝑦 = −0.761𝑥 + 47.0 (𝑦 = −0.760638 … 𝑥 + 46.9734 … ) (A1)(A1)(G2)

Notes: Award (A1) for −0.761𝑥 and (A1) +47.0. Award a maximum of (A1)(A0) if
answer is not an equation.

[2 marks]
4e. [2 marks]
Draw the regression line, from part (e), on your scatter diagram.

Markscheme
line on graph (A1)(ft)(A1)(ft)

Notes: Award (A1)(ft) for straight line that passes through their M, (A1)(ft) for line
(extrapolated if necessary) that passes through (0, 47.0).
If M is not plotted or labelled, follow through from part (e).

[2 marks]
4f. [2 marks]
Ten female students also recorded the number of hours they spent on social media in the
month before their IB Diploma examinations. Each of these female students spent between
3 and 30 hours on social media.
The equation of the regression line y on x for these ten female students is
2 125
𝑦=− 𝑥+ .
3 3
An eleventh girl spent 34 hours on social media in the month before her IB Diploma
examinations.
Use the given equation of the regression line to estimate the number of IB Diploma points
that this girl obtained.

Markscheme
2 125
𝑦 = − 3 (34) + (M1)
3

Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution.

19 (points) (A1)(G2)
[2 marks]
4g. [1 mark]
Write down a reason why this estimate is not reliable.

Markscheme
extrapolation (R1)
OR
34 hours is outside the given range of data (R1)

Note: Do not accept ‘outlier’.

[1 mark]
5a. [3 marks]
A pan, in which to cook a pizza, is in the shape of a cylinder. The pan has a diameter of 35
cm and a height of 0.5 cm.
Calculate the volume of this pan.

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor differences
in marking or structure.
(𝑉 =) 𝜋 × (17.5)2 × 0.5 (A1)(M1)

Notes: Award (A1) for 17.5 (or equivalent) seen.

Award (M1) for correct substitutions into volume of a cylinder formula.

= 481 cm3 (481.056 … cm3 , 153.125𝜋 cm3 ) (A1)(G2)

[3 marks]
5b. [4 marks]
A chef had enough pizza dough to exactly fill the pan. The dough was in the shape of a
sphere.
Find the radius of the sphere in cm, correct to one decimal place.

Markscheme
4
× 𝜋 × 𝑟 3 = 481.056 … (M1)
3

Note: Award (M1) for equating their answer to part (a) to the volume of sphere.

3×481.056…
𝑟3 = (= 114.843 … ) (M1)
4𝜋

Note: Award (M1) for correctly rearranging so 𝑟 3 is the subject.

𝑟 = 4.86074 … (cm) (A1)(ft)(G2)

Note: Award (A1) for correct unrounded answer seen. Follow through from part (a).
= 4.9 (cm) (A1)(ft)(G3)

Note: The final (A1)(ft) is awarded for rounding their unrounded answer to one decimal
place.

[4 marks]
5c. [2 marks]
The pizza was cooked in a hot oven. Once taken out of the oven, the pizza was placed in a
dining room.
The temperature, 𝑃, of the pizza, in degrees Celsius, °C, can be modelled by
𝑃(𝑡) = 𝑎(2.06)−𝑡 + 19, 𝑡 ≥ 0
where 𝑎 is a constant and 𝑡 is the time, in minutes, since the pizza was taken out of the
oven.
When the pizza was taken out of the oven its temperature was 230 °C.
Find the value of 𝑎.

Markscheme
230 = 𝑎(2.06)0 + 19 (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution.

𝑎 = 211 (A1)(G2)
[2 marks]
5d. [2 marks]
Find the temperature that the pizza will be 5 minutes after it is taken out of the oven.

Markscheme
(𝑃 =) 211 × (2.06)−5 + 19 (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution into the function, 𝑃(𝑡). Follow through from
part (c). The negative sign in the exponent is required for correct substitution.
= 24.7 (°C) (24.6878 … (°C)) (A1)(ft)(G2)
[2 marks]
5e. [3 marks]
The pizza can be eaten once its temperature drops to 45 °C.
Calculate, to the nearest second, the time since the pizza was taken out of the oven until it
can be eaten.

Markscheme
45 = 211 × (2.06)−𝑡 + 19 (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for equating 45 to the exponential equation and for correct
substitution (follow through for their 𝑎 in part (c)).

(𝑡 =) 2.89711 … (A1)(ft)(G1)
174 (seconds) (173.826 … (seconds)) (A1)(ft)(G2)

Note: Award final (A1)(ft) for converting their 2.89711 … minutes into seconds.

[3 marks]
5f. [1 mark]
In the context of this model, state what the value of 19 represents.

Markscheme
the temperature of the (dining) room (A1)
OR
the lowest final temperature to which the pizza will cool (A1)
[1 mark]
6a. [3 marks]
Consider the function 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 𝑘𝑥 2 − 15𝑥 + 5.
Find 𝑔′ (𝑥).

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor differences
in marking or structure.
3𝑥 2 + 2𝑘𝑥 − 15 (A1)(A1)(A1)

Note: Award (A1) for 3𝑥 2 , (A1) for 2𝑘𝑥 and (A1) for −15. Award at most (A1)(A1)(A0) if
additional terms are seen.

[3 marks]
6b. [2 marks]
The tangent to the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑔(𝑥) at 𝑥 = 2 is parallel to the line 𝑦 = 21𝑥 + 7.
Show that 𝑘 = 6.

Markscheme
21 = 3(2)2 + 2𝑘(2) − 15 (M1)(M1)

Note: Award (M1) for equating their derivative to 21. Award (M1) for substituting 2 into
their derivative. The second (M1) should only be awarded if correct working leads to the
final answer of 𝑘 = 6.
Substituting in the known value, 𝑘 = 6, invalidates the process; award (M0)(M0).

𝑘=6 (AG)
[2 marks]
6c. [3 marks]
Find the equation of the tangent to the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑔(𝑥) at 𝑥 = 2. Give your answer in the
form 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐.

Markscheme
𝑔(2) = (2)3 + (6)(2)2 − 15(2) + 5 (= 7) (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for substituting 2 into 𝑔.

7 = 21(2) + 𝑐 (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution of 21, 2 and their 7 into gradient intercept
form.

OR

𝑦 − 7 = 21(𝑥 − 2) (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution of 21, 2 and their 7 into gradient point form.

𝑦 = 21𝑥 − 35 (A1) (G2)

[3 marks]
6d. [3 marks]
Use your answer to part (a) and the value of 𝑘, to find the 𝑥-coordinates of the stationary
points of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑔(𝑥).

Markscheme
3𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 − 15 = 0 (or equivalent) (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for equating their part (a) (with 𝑘 = 6 substituted) to zero.

𝑥 = −5, 𝑥 = 1 (A1)(ft)(A1)(ft)

Note: Follow through from part (a).

[3 marks]
6e. [2 marks]
Find 𝑔′ (−1).

Markscheme
3(−1)2 + 12(−1) − 15 (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for substituting −1 into their derivative, with 𝑘 = 6 substituted.
Follow through from part (a).

= −24 (A1)(ft) (G2)

[2 marks]
6f. [1 mark]
Hence justify that 𝑔 is decreasing at 𝑥 = −1.

Markscheme
𝑔′ (−1) < 0 (therefore 𝑔 is decreasing when 𝑥 = −1) (R1)
[1 marks]
6g. [2 marks]
Find the 𝑦-coordinate of the local minimum.

Markscheme
𝑔(1) = (1)3 + (6)(1)2 − 15(1) + 5 (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for correctly substituting 6 and their 1 into 𝑔.

= −3 (A1)(ft) (G2)

Note: Award, at most, (M1)(A0) or (G1) if answer is given as a coordinate pair. Follow
through from part (c).

[2 marks]
7. [2 marks]
The following diagram shows the graph of a function 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥), for −6 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ −2.
The points (−6, 6) and (−2, 6) lie on the graph of 𝑓. There is a minimum point at (−4, 0).

Write down the range of 𝑓.

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor differences
in marking or structure.
correct interval A2 N2
eg     0 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 6, [0, 6], from 0 to 6
[2 marks]
8a. [2 marks]
The depth of water in a port is modelled by the function 𝑑(𝑡) = 𝑝cos𝑞𝑡 + 7.5, for 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤
12, where 𝑡 is the number of hours after high tide.
At high tide, the depth is 9.7 metres.
At low tide, which is 7 hours later, the depth is 5.3 metres.
Find the value of 𝑝.

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor differences
in marking or structure.
valid approach (M1)
max−min
eg      , sketch of graph, 9.7 = 𝑝cos(0) + 7.5
2

𝑝 = 2.2 A1 N2
[2 marks]
8b. [2 marks]
Find the value of 𝑞.

Markscheme
valid approach (M1)
2𝜋 360
eg     𝐵 = period, period is 14, , 5.3 = 2.2cos7𝑞 + 7.5
14

0.448798
2𝜋 𝜋
𝑞= ( 7 ), (do not accept degrees) A1 N2
14

[2 marks]
8c. [2 marks]
Use the model to find the depth of the water 10 hours after high tide.

Markscheme
valid approach (M1)
20𝜋
eg     𝑑(10), 2.2cos ( 14 ) + 7.5

7.01045
7.01 (m) A1 N2
[2 marks]
9a. [2 marks]
Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 1 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 2, for 𝑥 ∈ ℝ.
Show that (𝑓 ∘ 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑥 4 − 4𝑥 2 + 3.

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor differences
in marking or structure.
attempt to form composite in either order (M1)
eg     𝑓(𝑥 2 − 2), (𝑥 2 − 1)2 − 2
(𝑥 4 − 4𝑥 2 + 4) − 1 A1
(𝑓 ∘ 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑥 4 − 4𝑥 2 + 3 AG N0
[2 marks]
9b. [3 marks]
On the following grid, sketch the graph of (𝑓 ∘ 𝑔)(𝑥), for 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2.25.
Markscheme

A1
A1A1 N3

Note: Award A1 for approximately correct shape which changes from concave down to
concave up. Only if this A1 is awarded, award the following:
A1 for left hand endpoint in circle and right hand endpoint in oval,
A1 for minimum in oval.
[3 marks]
9c. [3 marks]
The equation (𝑓 ∘ 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑘 has exactly two solutions, for 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2.25. Find the possible
values of 𝑘.

Markscheme
evidence of identifying max/min as relevant points (M1)
eg     𝑥 = 0, 1.41421, 𝑦 = −1, 3
correct interval (inclusion/exclusion of endpoints must be correct) A2 N3
eg     −1 < 𝑘 ≤ 3, ]−1, 3], (−1, 3]
[3 marks]
10a. [1 mark]
Consider the function 𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥 4 + 𝑎𝑥 2 + 5, where 𝑎 is a constant. Part of the graph of 𝑦 =
𝑓(𝑥) is shown below.

Write down the 𝑦-intercept of the graph.

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor differences
in marking or structure.
5 (A1)

Note: Accept an answer of (0, 5).

[1 mark]
10b. [2 marks]
Find 𝑓 ′ (𝑥).

Markscheme
(𝑓 ′ (𝑥) =) − 4𝑥 3 + 2𝑎𝑥 (A1)(A1)

Note: Award (A1) for −4𝑥 3 and (A1) for +2𝑎𝑥. Award at most (A1)(A0) if extra terms
are seen.

[2 marks]
10c. [2 marks]
It is known that at the point where 𝑥 = 2 the tangent to the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) is horizontal.
Show that 𝑎 = 8.

Markscheme
−4 × 23 + 2𝑎 × 2 = 0 (M1)(M1)

Note: Award (M1) for substitution of 𝑥 = 2 into their derivative, (M1) for equating their
derivative, written in terms of 𝑎, to 0 leading to a correct answer (note, the 8 does not need
to be seen).

𝑎=8 (AG)
[2 marks]
10d. [2 marks]
Find 𝑓(2).
Markscheme
(𝑓(2) =) − 24 + 8 × 22 + 5 (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution of 𝑥 = 2 and 𝑎 = 8 into the formula of the
function.

21 (A1)(G2)
[2 marks]
10e. [2 marks]
There are two other points on the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) at which the tangent is horizontal.
Write down the 𝑥-coordinates of these two points;

Markscheme
(𝑥 =) − 2, (𝑥 =) 0 (A1)(A1)

Note: Award (A1) for each correct solution. Award at most (A0)(A1)(ft) if answers are
given as (−2 ,21) and (0, 5) or (−2, 0) and (0, 0).

[2 marks]
10f. [2 marks]
Write down the intervals where the gradient of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) is positive.

Markscheme
𝑥 < −2, 0 < 𝑥 < 2 (A1)(ft)(A1)(ft)

Note: Award (A1)(ft) for 𝑥 < −2, follow through from part (d)(i) provided their value is
negative.
Award (A1)(ft) for 0 < 𝑥 < 2, follow through only from their 0 from part (d)(i); 2 must be
the upper limit.
Accept interval notation.
[2 marks]
10g. [2 marks]
Write down the range of 𝑓(𝑥).

Markscheme
𝑦 ≤ 21 (A1)(ft)(A1)

Notes: Award (A1)(ft) for 21 seen in an interval or an inequality, (A1) for “𝑦 ≤”.
Accept interval notation.
Accept −∞ < 𝑦 ≤ 21 or 𝑓(𝑥) ≤ 21.
Follow through from their answer to part (c)(ii). Award at most (A1)(ft)(A0) if 𝑥 is seen
instead of 𝑦. Do not award the second (A1) if a (finite) lower limit is seen.

[2 marks]
10h. [1 mark]
Write down the number of possible solutions to the equation 𝑓(𝑥) = 5.

Markscheme
3 (solutions) (A1)
[1 mark]
10i. [2 marks]
The equation 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑚, where 𝑚 ∈ ℝ, has four solutions. Find the possible values of 𝑚.

Markscheme
5 < 𝑚 < 21 or equivalent (A1)(ft)(A1)

Note: Award (A1)(ft) for 5 and 21 seen in an interval or an inequality, (A1) for correct
strict inequalities. Follow through from their answers to parts (a) and (c)(ii).
Accept interval notation.

[2 marks]
11a. [2 marks]
Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 5.
Find the equation of the axis of symmetry of the graph of 𝑓.

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor differences
in marking or structure.
correct approach (A1)
−(−4)
eg , 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 4 = 0, (𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 4) + 5 − 4
2

𝑥 = 2 (must be an equation) A1 N2
[2 marks]
11b. [4 marks]
The function can also be expressed in the form 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 − ℎ)2 + 𝑘.
(i) Write down the value of ℎ.
(ii) Find the value of 𝑘.

Markscheme
(i) ℎ=2 A1 N1
(ii) METHOD 1
valid attempt to find 𝑘 (M1)
eg     𝑓(2)
correct substitution into their function (A1)
eg     (2)2 − 4(2) + 5
𝑘=1 A1 N2
METHOD 2
valid attempt to complete the square (M1)
eg     𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 4
correct working (A1)
eg     (𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 4) − 4 + 5, (𝑥 − 2)2 + 1
𝑘=1 A1 N2
[4 marks]
12a. [2 marks]
Gabriella purchases a new car.
The car’s value in dollars, 𝑉, is modelled by the function
𝑉(𝑡) = 12870 − 𝑘(1.1)𝑡 , 𝑡 ≥ 0
where 𝑡 is the number of years since the car was purchased and 𝑘 is a constant.
Write down, and simplify, an expression for the car’s value when Gabriella purchased it.

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor differences
in marking or structure.
12870 − 𝑘(1.1)0 (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution into 𝑉(𝑡).

= 12870 − 𝑘 (A1) (C2)

Note: Accept 12870 − 3080 OR 9790 for a final answer.

[2 marks]
12b. [2 marks]
After two years, the car’s value is $9143.20.
Find the value of 𝑘.

Markscheme
9143.20 = 12870 − 𝑘(1.1)2 (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution into 𝑉(𝑡).

(𝑘 =) 3080 (A1) (C2)
[2 marks]
12c. [2 marks]
This model is defined for 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 𝑛. At 𝑛 years the car’s value will be zero dollars.
Find the value of 𝑛.

Markscheme
12870 − 3080(1.1)𝑛 = 0 (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution into 𝑉(𝑡).

OR

(M1)

Note: Award (M1) for a correctly shaped curve with some indication of scale on the
vertical axis.

(𝑛 =) 15.0 (15.0033 … ) (A1)(ft) (C2)

Note: Follow through from part (b).

[2 marks]
13a. [2 marks]
𝑐
The function 𝑓 is of the form 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 + 𝑥, where 𝑎 , 𝑏 and 𝑐 are positive integers.

Part of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) is shown on the axes below. The graph of the function has its
local maximum at (−2, −2) and its local minimum at (2, 6).

Write down the domain of the function.

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor differences
in marking or structure.
(𝑥 ∈ ℝ), 𝑥 ≠ 0 (A2) (C2)

Note: Accept equivalent notation. Award (A1)(A0) for 𝑦 ≠ 0.

Award (A1) for a clear statement that demonstrates understanding of the meaning of
domain. For example, D: (−∞, 0) ∪ (1, ∞) should be awarded (A1)(A0).

[2 marks]
13b. [1 mark]
Draw the line 𝑦 = −6 on the axes.

Markscheme

(A1) (C1)

Note: The command term “Draw” states: “A ruler (straight edge) should be used for
straight lines”; do not accept a freehand 𝑦 = −6 line.

[1 mark]
13c. [1 mark]
Write down the number of solutions to 𝑓(𝑥) = −6.

Markscheme
2 (A1)(ft) (C1)

Note: Follow through from part (b)(i).

[1 mark]
13d. [2 marks]
Find the range of values of 𝑘 for which 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑘 has no solution.

Markscheme
−2 < 𝑘 < 6 (A1)(A1) (C2)

Note: Award (A1) for both end points correct and (A1) for correct strict inequalities.
Award at most (A1)(A0) if the stated variable is different from 𝑘 or 𝑦 for example −2 <
𝑥 < 6 is (A1)(A0).

[2 marks]
14a. [1 mark]
The graph of a quadratic function has 𝑦-intercept 10 and one of its 𝑥-intercepts is 1.
The 𝑥-coordinate of the vertex of the graph is 3.
The equation of the quadratic function is in the form 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐.
Write down the value of 𝑐.

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor differences
in marking or structure.
10 (A1) (C1)

Note: Accept (0, 10).

[1 mark]
14b. [4 marks]
Find the value of 𝑎 and of 𝑏.

Markscheme
−𝑏
3=
2𝑎
0 = 𝑎(1)2 + 𝑏(1) + 𝑐
10 = 𝑎(6)2 + 𝑏(6) + 𝑐
0 = 𝑎(5)2 + 𝑏(5) + 𝑐 (M1)(M1)

Note: Award (M1) for each of the above equations, provided they are not equivalent, up
to a maximum of (M1)(M1). Accept equations that substitute their 10 for 𝑐.

OR
sketch graph showing given information: intercepts (1, 0) and (0, 10) and line 𝑥 =
3 (M1)
𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 5) (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 5) seen.

𝑎=2 (A1)(ft)
𝑏 = −12 (A1)(ft) (C4)

Note: Follow through from part (a).

If it is not clear which is 𝑎 and which is 𝑏 award at most (A0)(A1)(ft).

[4 marks]
14c. [1 mark]
Write down the second 𝑥-intercept of the function.

Markscheme
5 (A1) (C1)
[1 mark]
15a. [1 mark]
The diagram shows part of the graph of a function 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥). The graph passes through
point A(1, 3).

Write down the value of 𝑓(1).

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor differences
in marking or structure.
3 (A1) (C1)

Notes: Accept 𝑦 = 3

[1 mark]
15b. [3 marks]
The tangent to the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) at A has equation 𝑦 = −2𝑥 + 5. Let 𝑁 be the normal to
the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) at A.
Find the equation of 𝑁. Give your answer in the form 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑑 = 0 where 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑑 ∈ ℤ.

Markscheme
3 = 0.5(1) + 𝑐   OR   𝑦 − 3 = 0.5(𝑥 − 1) (A1)(A1)

Note: Award (A1) for correct gradient, (A1) for correct substitution of A(1, 3) in the
equation of line.

𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 5 = 0 or any integer multiple (A1)(ft) (C3)

Note: Award (A1)(ft) for their equation correctly rearranged in the indicated form.
The candidate’s answer must be an equation for this mark.

[3 marks]
15c. [2 marks]
Draw the line 𝑁 on the diagram above.
Markscheme

(M1)(
A1)(ft) (C2)

Note: Award M1) for a straight line, with positive gradient, passing through (1, 3),
(A1)(ft) for line (or extension of their line) passing approximately through 2.5 or their
intercept with the 𝑦-axis.

[2 marks]
16a. [1 mark]
Jashanti is saving money to buy a car. The price of the car, in US Dollars (USD), can be
modelled by the equation
 𝑃 = 8500 (0.95)𝑡 .
Jashanti’s savings, in USD, can be modelled by the equation
𝑆 = 400𝑡 + 2000.
In both equations 𝑡 is the time in months since Jashanti started saving for the car.
Write down the amount of money Jashanti saves per month.

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor differences
in marking or structure.
400 (USD) (A1) (C1)
[1 mark]
16b. [2 marks]
Use your graphic display calculator to find how long it will take for Jashanti to have saved
enough money to buy the car.

Markscheme
8500 (0.95)𝑡 = 400 × 𝑡 + 2000 (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for equating 8500(0.95)𝑡 to 400 × 𝑡 + 2000 or for comparing the
difference between the two expressions to zero or for showing a sketch of both functions.

(𝑡 =) 8.64 (months) (8.6414 … (months)) (A1) (C2)

Note: Accept 9 months.

[2 marks]
16c. [3 marks]
Jashanti does not want to wait too long and wants to buy the car two months after she
started saving. She decides to ask her parents for the extra money that she needs.
Calculate how much extra money Jashanti needs.
Markscheme
8500(0.95)2 − (400 × 2 + 2000) (M1)(M1)

Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution of 𝑡 = 2 into equation for 𝑃, (M1) for finding
the difference between a value/expression for 𝑃 and a value/expression for 𝑆. The first
(M1) is implied if 7671.25 seen.

4870 (USD) (4871.25) (A1) (C3)

Note: Accept 4871.3.

[3 marks]
17. [6 marks]
Consider the following graphs of quadratic functions.
The equation of each of the quadratic functions can be written in the form 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 +
𝑐, where 𝑎 ≠ 0.
Each of the sets of conditions for the constants 𝑎, 𝑏 and 𝑐, in the table below, corresponds
to one of the graphs above.
Write down the number of the corresponding graph next to each set of conditions.

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor differences
in marking or structure.

(A1)(A1)(A1
)(A1)(A1)(A1) (C6)
Note: Award (A1) for each correct entry.

[6 marks]
18a. [2 marks]
Line 𝐿 intersects the 𝑥-axis at point A and the 𝑦-axis at point B, as shown on the diagram.

The length of line segment OB is three times the length of line segment OA, where O is the
origin.
Find the gradient of 𝐿.

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor differences
in marking or structure.
−3 (A1)(A1) (C2)

Notes: Award (A1) for 3 and (A1) for a negative value.

Award (A1)(A0) for either 3𝑥 or −3𝑥.

[2 marks]
18b. [2 marks]
Point (2, 6) lies on 𝐿.
Find the equation of 𝐿 in the form 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐.

Markscheme
6 = −3(2) + 𝑐   OR   (𝑦 − 6) = −3(𝑥 − 2) (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for substitution of their gradient from part (a) into a correct equation
with the coordinates (2, 6) correctly substituted.
𝑦 = −3𝑥 + 12 (A1)(ft) (C2)

Notes: Award (A1)(ft) for their correct equation. Follow through from part (a).
If no method seen, award (A1)(A0) for 𝑦 = −3𝑥.
Award (A1)(A0) for −3𝑥 + 12.

[2 marks]
18c. [2 marks]
Find the 𝑥-coordinate of point A.

Markscheme
0 = −3𝑥 + 12 (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for substitution of 𝑦 = 0 in their equation from part (b).

(𝑥 =) 4 (A1)(ft) (C2)

Notes: Follow through from their equation from part (b). Do not follow through if no
method seen. Do not award the final (A1) if the value of 𝑥 is negative or zero.

[2 marks]
19a. [2 marks]
At Grande Anse Beach the height of the water in metres is modelled by the function ℎ(𝑡) =
𝑝cos(𝑞 × 𝑡) + 𝑟, where 𝑡 is the number of hours after 21:00 hours on 10 December 2017.
The following diagram shows the graph of ℎ , for 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 72.

The point A(6.25, 0.6) represents the first low tide and B(12.5, 1.5) represents the next
high tide.
How much time is there between the first low tide and the next high tide?

Markscheme
attempt to find the difference of 𝑥-values of A and B (M1)
eg     6.25 − 12.5
6.25 (hours), (6 hours 15 minutes) A1 N2
[2 marks]
19b. [2 marks]
Find the difference in height between low tide and high tide.

Markscheme
attempt to find the difference of 𝑦-values of A and B (M1)
eg     1.5 − 0.6
0.9 (m) A1 N2
[2 marks]
19c. [2 marks]
Find the value of 𝑝;

Markscheme
valid approach (M1)
max−min
eg      , 0.9 ÷ 2
2

𝑝 = 0.45 A1 N2
[2 marks]
19d. [3 marks]
Find the value of 𝑞;

Markscheme
METHOD 1
period = 12.5 (seen anywhere) (A1)
valid approach (seen anywhere) (M1)
2𝜋 2𝜋 2𝜋
eg     period = , 𝑞 = period ,
𝑏 12.5

0.502654
4𝜋 4𝜋
𝑞= , 0.503 (or − 25 , −0.503) A1 N2
25

METHOD 2
attempt to use a coordinate to make an equation (M1)
eg     𝑝cos(6.25𝑞) + 𝑟 = 0.6, 𝑝cos(12.5𝑞) + 𝑟 = 1.5
correct substitution (A1)
eg     0.45cos(6.25𝑞) + 1.05 = 0.6, 0.45cos(12.5𝑞) + 1.05 = 1.5
0.502654
4𝜋 4𝜋
𝑞= , 0.503 (or − 25 , −0.503) A1 N2
25

[3 marks]
19e. [2 marks]
Find the value of 𝑟.
Markscheme
valid method to find 𝑟 (M1)
max+min
eg      , 0.6 + 0.45
2

𝑟 = 1.05 A1 N2
[2 marks]
19f. [3 marks]
There are two high tides on 12 December 2017. At what time does the second high tide
occur?

Markscheme
METHOD 1
attempt to find start or end 𝑡-values for 12 December (M1)
eg     3 + 24, 𝑡 = 27, 𝑡 = 51
finds 𝑡-value for second max (A1)
𝑡 = 50
23:00 (or 11 pm) A1 N3
METHOD 2
valid approach to list either the times of high tides after 21:00 or the 𝑡-values of high tides
after 21:00, showing at least two times (M1)
eg     21: 00 + 12.5, 21: 00 + 25, 12.5 + 12.5, 25 + 12.5
correct time of first high tide on 12 December (A1)
eg     10:30 (or 10:30 am)
time of second high tide = 23:00 A1 N3
METHOD 3
attempt to set their ℎ equal to 1.5 (M1)
4𝜋
eg     ℎ(𝑡) = 1.5, 0.45cos ( 25 𝑡) + 1.05 = 1.5

correct working to find second max (A1)

eg     0.503𝑡 = 8𝜋, 𝑡 = 50
23:00 (or 11 pm) A1 N3
[3 marks]
20a. [2 marks]
10
Consider the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 0.3𝑥 3 + + 2−𝑥 .
𝑥

Calculate 𝑓(1).

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor differences
in marking or structure.
10
0.3(1)3 + + 2−1 (M1)
1

Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution into function.

= 10.8 (A1)(G2)
[2 marks]
20b. [4 marks]
Sketch the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) for −7 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 4 and −30 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 30.
Markscheme

(A1)(A1)(A1)(A1)

Note: Award (A1) for indication of correct window and labelled axes.
Award (A1) for correct shape and position for 𝑥 < 0 (with the local maximum, local
minimum and 𝑥-intercept in relative approximate location in 3rd quadrant).
Award (A1) for correct shape and position for 𝑥 > 0 (with the local minimum in relative
approximate location in 1st quadrant).
Award (A1) for smooth curve with indication of asymptote (graph should not touch 𝑦-axis
and should not curve away from the 𝑦-axis). The asymptote is only assessed in this mark.

[4 marks]
20c. [2 marks]
Write down the equation of the vertical asymptote.

Markscheme
𝑥=0 (A2)
Note: Award (A1) for “𝑥 = (a constant)” and (A1) for “(a constant) = 0”.
The answer must be an equation.

[2 marks]
20d. [2 marks]
Write down the coordinates of the 𝑥-intercept.

Markscheme
(−6.18, 0) (−6.17516 … , 0) (A1)(A1)

Note: Award (A1) for each correct coordinate. Award (A0)(A1) if parentheses are
missing.

[2 marks]
20e. [2 marks]
Write down the possible values of 𝑥 for which 𝑥 < 0 and 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) > 0.

Markscheme
−4.99 < 𝑥 < −2.47 (−4.98688 … < 𝑥 < −2.46635 … ) (A1)(A1)

Note: Award (A1) for both correct end points, (A1) for strict inequalities used with 2
endpoints.

[2 marks]
20f. [2 marks]
Consider a second function, 𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 3.
Find the solution of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥).

Markscheme
10
0.3𝑥 3 + 𝑥
+ 2−𝑥 = 2𝑥 − 3 (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for equating the expressions for 𝑓 and 𝑔 or for the line 𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 3
sketched (positive gradient, negative 𝑦-intercept) on their graph from part (a).

(𝑥 =) − 1.34 (−1.33650 … ) (A1)(G2)

Note: Award a maximum of (M1)(A0) or (G1) for coordinate pair seen as final answer.

[2 marks]
21a. [2 marks]
Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 1 + e−𝑥 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 𝑏, for 𝑥 ∈ ℝ, where 𝑏 is a constant.
Find (𝑔 ∘ 𝑓)(𝑥).

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor differences
in marking or structure.
attempt to form composite (M1)
eg     𝑔(1 + e−𝑥 )
correct function A1 N2
eg     (𝑔 ∘ 𝑓)(𝑥) = 2 + 𝑏 + 2e−𝑥 , 2(1 + e−𝑥 ) + 𝑏
[2 marks]
21b. [4 marks]
Given that lim (𝑔 ∘ 𝑓)(𝑥) = −3, find the value of 𝑏.
𝑥→+∞

Markscheme
evidence of lim (2 + 𝑏 + 2e−𝑥 ) = 2 + 𝑏 + lim (2e−𝑥 ) (M1)
𝑥→∞ 𝑥→∞

eg     2 + 𝑏 + 2e−∞ , graph with horizontal asymptote when 𝑥 → ∞

Note: Award M0 if candidate clearly has incorrect limit, such as 𝑥 → 0, e∞ , 2e0 .

evidence that e−𝑥 → 0 (seen anywhere) (A1)

eg      lim (e−𝑥 ) = 0, 1 + e−𝑥 → 1, 2(1) + 𝑏 = −3, elarge negative number → 0, graph of 𝑦 = e−𝑥
𝑥→∞
or
𝑦 = 2e−𝑥 with asymptote 𝑦 = 0, graph of composite function with asymptote 𝑦 = −3
correct working (A1)
eg     2 + 𝑏 = −3
𝑏 = −5 A1 N2
[4 marks]
22. [3 marks]
A quadratic function 𝑓 is given by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐. The points (0, 5) and (−4, 5) lie
on the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥).
The 𝑦-coordinate of the minimum of the graph is 3.
Find the value of 𝑎 and of 𝑏.

Markscheme
𝑏
− = −2
2𝑎
𝑎(−2)2 − 2𝑏 + 5 = 3 or equivalent
𝑎(−4)2 − 4𝑏 + 5 = 5 or equivalent
2𝑎(−2) + 𝑏 = 0 or equivalent (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for two of the above equations.

𝑎 = 0.5 (A1)(ft)
𝑏=2 (A1)(ft) (C3)

Note: Award at most (M1)(A1)(ft)(A0) if the answers are reversed.

Follow through from parts (a) and (b).

[3 marks]
23a. [1 mark]
Sejah placed a baking tin, that contained cake mix, in a preheated oven in order to bake a
cake. The temperature in the centre of the cake mix, 𝑇, in degrees Celsius (°C) is given by
𝑇(𝑡) = 150 − 𝑎 × (1.1)−𝑡
where 𝑡 is the time, in minutes, since the baking tin was placed in the oven. The graph of 𝑇
is shown in the following diagram.

Write down what the value of 150 represents in the context of the question.

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor differences
in marking or structure.
the temperature in the oven (A1)
OR
the maximum possible temperature of the cake mix (A1) (C1)

Note: Award (A0) for “the maximum temperature”.

[1 mark]
23b. [2 marks]
The temperature in the centre of the cake mix was 18 °C when placed in the oven.
Find the value of 𝑎.

Markscheme
18 = 150 − 𝑎(× 1.1∘ ) (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution of 18 and 0. Substitution of 0 can be implied.

(𝑎) = 132 (A1) (C2)

[2 marks]
23c. [3 marks]
The baking tin is removed from the oven 15 minutes after the temperature in the centre of
the cake mix has reached 130 °C.
Find the total time that the baking tin is in the oven.

Markscheme
150 − 132 × 1.1−𝑡 = 130 (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for substituting their a and equating to 130. Accept an inequality.
Award (M1) for a sketch of the horizontal line on the graph.

𝑡 = 19.8 (19.7992 … ) (A1)(ft)

Note: Follow through from part (b).

34.8 (minutes) (34.7992…, 34 minutes 48 seconds) (A1)(ft) (C3)

Note: Award the final (A1) for adding 15 minutes to their 𝑡 value.
In part (c), award (C2) for a final answer of 19.8 with no working.
[3 marks]
24a. [3 marks]
3
A function 𝑓 is given by 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 3, 𝑥 ≠ 0.

Write down the derivative of 𝑓.

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor differences
in marking or structure.
6
12𝑥 2 − 𝑥 3 or equivalent (A1)(A1)(A1) (C3)

1
Note: Award (A1) for 12𝑥 2 , (A1) for −6 and (A1) for 𝑥 3 or 𝑥 −3 . Award at most
(A1)(A1)(A0) if additional terms seen.

[3 marks]
24b. [3 marks]
Find the point on the graph of 𝑓 at which the gradient of the tangent is equal to 6.

Markscheme
6
12𝑥 2 − 𝑥 3 = 6 (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for equating their derivative to 6.

(1, 4)   OR   𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 4 (A1)(ft)(A1)(ft) (C3)

Note: A frequent wrong answer seen in scripts is (1, 6) for this answer with correct
working award (M1)(A0)(A1) and if there is no working award (C1).

[3 marks]
25. [1 mark]
The coordinates of point A are (6, −7) and the coordinates of point B are (−6, 2). Point M
is the midpoint of AB.
𝐿1 is the line through A and B.
The line 𝐿2 is perpendicular to 𝐿1 and passes through M.
Write down, in the form 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐, the equation of 𝐿2 .

Markscheme
4 5
𝑦 = 3 𝑥 − 2 (𝑦 = 1.33 … 𝑥 − 2.5) (A1)(ft) (C1)

Note: Follow through from parts (c)(i) and (a). Award (A0) if final answer is not written
in the form 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐.
[1 mark]
26a. [1 mark]
The size of a computer screen is the length of its diagonal. Zuzana buys a rectangular
computer screen with a size of 68 cm, a height of 𝑦 cm and a width of 𝑥 cm, as shown in the
diagram.

Use this information to write down an equation involving 𝑥 and 𝑦.

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor differences
in marking or structure.
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 682 (or 4624 or equivalent) (A1) (C1)
[1 mark]
26b. [2 marks]
The ratio between the height and the width of the screen is 3:4.
Use this ratio to write down 𝑦 in terms of 𝑥.

Markscheme
𝑦 3
=4 (M1)
𝑥

Note: Award (M1) for a correct equation.

3
𝑦 = 4 𝑥 (𝑦 = 0.75𝑥) (A1) (C2)

[2 marks]
26c. [3 marks]
Find the value of 𝑥 and of 𝑦.

Markscheme
3 2 9
𝑥 2 + (4 𝑥) = 682 (or 𝑥 2 + 16 𝑥 2 = 4624 or equivalent) (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution of their expression for 𝑦 into their answer to
part (a). Accept correct substitution of 𝑥 in terms of 𝑦.

𝑥 = 54.4 (cm), 𝑦 = 40.8 (cm) (A1)(ft)(A1)(ft) (C3)

Note: Follow through from parts (a) and (b) as long as 𝑥 > 0 and 𝑦 > 0.
[3 marks]
27a. [3 marks]
Note: In this question, distance is in millimetres.
𝜋
Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 𝑎sin (𝑥 − 2 ) + 𝑎, for 𝑥 ≥ 0.

Show that 𝑓(2𝜋) = 2𝜋.

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor differences
in marking or structure.
substituting 𝑥 = 2𝜋 M1
𝜋
eg     2𝜋 + 𝑎sin (2𝜋 − 2 ) + 𝑎
3𝜋
2𝜋 + 𝑎sin ( 2 ) + 𝑎 (A1)

2𝜋 − 𝑎 + 𝑎 A1
𝑓(2𝜋) = 2𝜋 AG N0
[3 marks]
27b. [3 marks]
The graph of 𝑓 passes through the origin. Let P𝑘 be any point on the graph of 𝑓 with 𝑥-
coordinate 2𝑘𝜋, where 𝑘 ∈ ℕ. A straight line 𝐿 passes through all the points P𝑘 .
Find the coordinates of P0 and of P1.

Markscheme
substituting the value of 𝑘 (M1)
P0 (0, 0), P1 (2𝜋, 2𝜋) A1A1 N3
[3 marks]
27c. [3 marks]
Find the equation of 𝐿.

Markscheme
attempt to find the gradient (M1)
2𝜋−0
eg     2𝜋−0 , 𝑚 = 1
correct working (A1)
𝑦−2𝜋
eg     𝑥−2𝜋 = 1, 𝑏 = 0, 𝑦 − 0 = 1(𝑥 − 0)

y=x A1 N3
[3 marks]
27d. [2 marks]
Show that the distance between the 𝑥-coordinates of P𝑘 and P𝑘+1 is 2𝜋.

Markscheme
subtracting 𝑥-coordinates of P𝑘+1 and P𝑘 (in any order) (M1)
eg     2(𝑘 + 1)𝜋 − 2𝑘𝜋, 2𝑘𝜋 − 2𝑘𝜋 − 2𝜋
correct working (must be in correct order) A1
eg     2𝑘𝜋 + 2𝜋 − 2𝑘𝜋, |2𝑘𝜋 − 2(𝑘 + 1)𝜋|
distance is 2𝜋 AG N0
[2 marks]
27e. [6 marks]
Diagram 1 shows a saw. The length of the toothed edge is the distance AB.

The toothed edge of the saw can be modelled using the graph of 𝑓 and the line 𝐿. Diagram 2
represents this model.
The shaded part on the graph is called a tooth. A tooth is represented by the region
enclosed by the graph of 𝑓 and the line 𝐿, between P𝑘 and P𝑘+1 .
A saw has a toothed edge which is 300 mm long. Find the number of complete teeth on this
saw.

Markscheme
METHOD 1
recognizing the toothed-edge as the hypotenuse (M1)
eg     3002 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 , sketch
correct working (using their equation of 𝐿 (A1)
eg     3002 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 2
300
𝑥= (exact), 212.132 (A1)
√2

300
dividing their value of 𝑥 by 2𝜋 (do not accept ) (M1)
2𝜋
212.132
eg      2𝜋

33.7618 (A1)
33 (teeth) A1 N2
METHOD 2
vertical distance of a tooth is 2𝜋 (may be seen anywhere) (A1)
attempt to find the hypotenuse for one tooth (M1)
eg     𝑥 2 = (2𝜋)2 + (2𝜋)2

𝑥 = √8𝜋 2 (exact), 8.88576 (A1)

dividing 300 by their value of 𝑥 (M1)
eg
33.7618 (A1)
33 (teeth) A1 N2
[6 marks]

Printed for CANADIAN INTL SCH-AMMAN

© International Baccalaureate Organization 2022
International Baccalaureate® - Baccalauréat International® - Bachillerato Internacional®