Acupuncture Variety of Treatments by Disharmony

Cookbook Acupuncture
A Clinical Acupuncture Training Handbook

Designed for Practitioners of
Acupuncture
Anatomical Acupuncture
Chiropractic Acupuncture
Medical Acupuncture
&
Acupuncture-Informed Trigger Point Dry Needling™
Jim Ventresca,
Doctor of Oriental Medicine
Principal, AcuPractice Seminars
Edited by Claudia Welch

Note: The information in this book is true and complete to the best of my knowledge. This
book is intended as an informative guide for those wishing to know more about health is-
sues and acupuncture theories. This book is not meant to be used, nor should it be used,
to diagnose or treat any medical condition. It is in no way intended to replace, counter-
mand or conflict with the advice given to you by your physician or healthcare provider. The
ultimate1 decision concerning care should be made between you and your doctor, or be-
tween any patient and her doctor. Information in this book is general and is offered with no
guarantees on the part of the author or publisher. The author and publisher disclaim all li-
ability in connection with the use of this book.
ISBN:
AcuPractice Press
Copyright Dr. Jim Ventresca / AcuPractice™ Seminars 1994 - 2015

Author’s Note: ................................................................10
Preface............................................................................10
Acknowledgments...........................................................12
Introduction.....................................................................13
2nd Edition Notes...........................................................15
Terminology & Literary Conventions..............................15
Reference Material.........................................................17
1. The Basics: Chinese Medical theory 101 20
Yin & Yang......................................................................21
The Eight Principles........................................................23
The Vital Substances......................................................25
Pulse & Tongue Diagnosis............................................30
Meridians & Organs........................................................32
The Five Elements..........................................................36
Causes of Disease..........................................................40
The Organs 41
The Lungs.......................................................................42
The Spleen......................................................................43
The Stomach...................................................................44
The Heart........................................................................45
The Kidneys....................................................................46
Copyright Dr. Jim Ventresca / AcuPractice™ Seminars 1994 - 2015 2

The Urinary Bladder .......................................................47
The Pericardium..............................................................47
The San Jiao...................................................................47
The Liver.........................................................................48
The Gall Bladder ............................................................50

2. Acupuncture Techniques Demystified 51
Clean Needle Technique.....................................52

Risks to Acupuncture Providers 54
Acupuncture Patient Side Effects 54
Contraindications and Cautions...........................55
Office Setup/Patient Flow....................................56
Acupuncture Distal Techniques...........................57
Getting The Qi .....................................................57
Acupuncture.........................................................58
A. Electro-Acupuncture (EA)........................................60
B. Laser Acupuncture..................................................64
C. Moxa........................................................................65
D. TDP Lamp................................................................67
E. Gua Sha & Cupping.................................................68

3. Points & Meridians: The Raw Ingredients 72
Meridian Overview..........................................................72
The 8 Extraordinary Meridians ......................................74

Dr. Jim’s Tai Ji Treatment76
3 Copyright Dr. Jim Ventresca / AcuPractice™ Seminars 1994 - 2015

Points Overview..............................................................77
Body Measurements and General Point Location 77
Classic Point Categories Table......................................78

Controlling Points 80
Hua Tuo Jia Ji Points 80
Yuan Source Points 80
Five Element Points 82
Tonification and Sedation Points 83
Horary Points 83
Xi Cleft Points 83
Five Shu (Transport) Points 84
Luo Points 85
Meeting or Influential Points 85
The Back Shu (Associated) Points 86
The Front Mu (Alarm) Points 87
Trigger Points aka Ah Shi Points 88
The Main Meridians & Their Major Points 88
Du Meridian “Governing Vessel” ...................................89
Ren Meridian “Conception Vessel”.................................91
Lung Meridian.................................................................93
Large Intestine Meridian.................................................95
Stomach Meridian...........................................................99
Spleen Meridian............................................................103
Heart Meridian .............................................................106
Small Intestine Meridian...............................................107
Urinary Bladder Meridian..............................................111
Kidney Meridian............................................................117
Pericardium Meridian....................................................120

San Jiao Meridian.........................................................122
Gall Bladder Meridian...................................................125
Liver Meridian...............................................................129
Extraordinary Points.....................................................132
4. Auricular Acupuncture: Microsystems & Extraordinary
Meridians 135
Hand Acupuncture .......................................................136

Selected Upper Body Hand Points 136
Other Hand Points 136
Auricular Acupuncture .................................................138

Ear Anatomy 138
Major Auricular Points 139
Specific Auricular Treatments 141
Acupuncture Treatment of Chemical Dependency 141
Scalp Acupuncture........................................................143
F. Scalp Contraindications and Cautions 144
G. ScalpTechnique 144
Scalp Points 146
II. Head & Neck Points 147
III. Neck & Shoulder Points 147
IV. Shoulder Arm & Hand Points 147
V. Thorax Points148
VI. Low Back Points 148
Chinese Scalp Lines.....................................................149

Based on Cortical Homunculus 149
Finding the Lines: Lines of Measurement 149
Continence Line (AKA: Leg & Foot Motor & Sensory) 151
Motor Function Line 153
Sensory Perception Line 153
Tremor Control Line 154
Vision Line154
Vertigo and Balance Line 154
The 8 Extraordinary Meridians In More Detail..............156

Treatment Protocol for the Extraordinary Vessels 160

General Uses for the Extraordinary Meridians.............160
Dai Mai (Belt Vessel)....................................................160
Chong Mai (Penetrating Vessel)...................................161
Ren Mai (Conception Vessel CV)...............................161
Du Mai (Governing Vessel GV)...................................161
Secondary Extraordinary Vessels................................162

Yin Qiao & Yang Qiao (Heel Vessels) 162
Yin Wei & Yang Wei (Linking Vessels) 162
Psychological Issues & Extraordinary Meridians 163
5. The Main Course: Treatment of Pain 167
Diagnosing The Pain....................................................167
Immobilization...............................................................167
Ice & Heat.....................................................................168
Treatment Results .......................................................168
Palpation.......................................................................169
Local Treatment............................................................169
Moving Stagnation........................................................170
Treating Pain: Local, Adjacent, & Distal Points ...........171
Sinew (Tendino-Muscular) Meridians...........................173
Zonal Treatment for Treating Pain by Area..................173
Microsystems ...............................................................175
The Main Local Points for Treating Pain .....................177
The Recipes: Treating Specific Painful Conditions......178

Headaches 179
Facial Pain 179
Neck Pain & Stiffness 180
Wrist & Hand Pain180
Arm & Shoulder Pain 181
Upper and Mid Back Pain 181
Low Back & Hip Pain and Sciatica 182
Knee Pain 183
Foot & Ankle Pain 183
Abdominal Pain 184
6. Review: National Board Exam & Program 184
A. Introduction..............................................................184
B. General Theory........................................................185
1. Yin Yang 185
2. Eight Principles 185
3. Five Elements 186
4. Chronotherapy (The Horary Cycle) 186
C. The Essential Substances : ....................................187

1. Qi 187
2. Jing 188
3. Blood 188
4. Fluids: Jin Ye 189
D. The Causes of Disease or Pathogenic Factors.......190
E. Organs.....................................................................190
1. Lungs 190
2. Spleen 191
3. Heart AKA: The Emperor 191
4. Liver 192
5. Kidney 193
6. Pericardium 193
7. San Jiao 193
8. Extraordinary (Curious) Organs 194
F. Tongue and Pulse Diagnosis...................................194
G. Clean Needle Technique.........................................195

H. Acupuncture Techniques.........................................196
I. Acupuncture Points and Meridians..........................197
J. Auricular Acupuncture and Other Microsystems.....203
K. Name That Disharmony / Diagnosis Review.........204

7. Internal Medicine 205
A. Introduction..........................................................205
1. Theoretical Principles Review 205
2. Meridian Review 206
3. Organs Review 206
4. Extraordinary Meridians 206
5. Extraordinary / Curious Organs 207
B. Respiratory System and Conditions........................207

1. Upper Respiratory Conditions 207
2. Lower Respiratory Conditions 208
3. Allergies 209
4. COPD: Asthma, Chronic Bronchitis, Emphysema,
etc. 209
5. Immune System Weakness 209
6. Smoking Cessation 210
C. Gastro-Intestinal System & Conditions....................210

1. Oral Cavity (mouth, tongue, teeth, lips) 210
2. Pharynx and Esophageal 210
3. Stomach 211
4. Intestinal / Colorectal 212
D. Genito-Urinary System & Conditions.......................213

1. Kidney Disease / Failure 213
2. Low Sex Drive, Impotence, Frigidity 213
3. Urinary Tract Infections 213
4. Urinary Retention 214
5. Male GU Conditions 214
6. Female GU Conditions 214
8. WOMEN’S HEALTH.................................................216
A. Introduction 216
B. Review Major Relevant Points: 216

C. Organs, Meridians, and Substances 216
D. Essential Etiology 219
E. Essential Diagnosis 221
F. Treatment of the Most Common Disharmonies
223
G. Treatment of Internal Organs 223
H. Specific Disorders 226
1. Disorders after childbirth: 231
2. Infertility 232
3. Breast lumps 233
4. Abdominal Masses 233
5. Polycystic ovary disease 233
6. Menopause 233
Women’s Health: Name That Disharmony...................234

Author’s Note:
This printing of this book is part of a process. I don't know when it
will be what I hope it will become, but it’s getting there. It started
out as a set of lecture notes that have been continuously updated
since I began teaching Chinese Medical Theory at Southwest
Acupuncture College in 1994. This time I thought I’d give it a full
rewrite, and make it into a regular book. So, you can think of it as a
book/course outline, that is that is being transformed into an educa-
tional narrative. I’d say I’m about 50% there, give or take. So, even
though some of the recipes and instructions are still in outline form,
I think you’ll find it a clinically useful, and maybe even fairly read-
able book.
Jim Ventresca,
Prince Edward Island
July, 2015
Preface
A cookbook is a good thing. It’s a quick reference guide to help you
create good results in the kitchen. This acupuncture cookbook can
help you get good results in the clinic. “Cookbook Acupuncture” is
a term I’ve heard since I began to study acupuncture in 1982. It is
has been given a bad rap as an inferior approach to treatment. I
disagree. In my experience, almost every practitioner I know and
teacher I’ve studied with,uses recipes, although they usually call
them point prescriptions. Of course, most of them justify their
recipes with theories, but the recipes persist, and they get handed
down and around from one person to another. Here’s how it goes:
“How do you treat stubborn low back pain?”
“Well, I always like to try such and such or if that doesn’t

work, I’ll try this and that,”etc.
So why not just call it what it is, and get the information out to as
many practitioners as possible?
Of course, differential diagnosis is important. Holistic treatment dic-

tates that one address both the root causes and the branches of

disorders. I assume that, as a healthcare provider, you already
have at your disposal one or more means of treating the root
causes of your patients’ disorders. We could fill a small library with
books on how to treat the roots. This book is designed to help you
manage the branches. That said, we will look into the basic theo-
ries underlying TCM diagnosis and treatment, with sufficient depth
that the avid student will find sufficient detail to benefit her patients.
Comprehensive cookbooks go into great detail on all the theories

and techniques associated with the recipes in the book. This isn’t
one of those types of cookbooks. It’s more like a card file of
recipes from your grandmother. Your grandmother would have as-
sumed you already know the basics, yet she might still have written
in a few a reminders such as, how to mix the pancake batter: “Mix
only until the dry ingredients are moistened.” Because I assume
you either have prior training, or are currently getting some, and
have access to acupuncture charts, books, apps, and notes to fill in
any gaps, this acupuncture cookbook only touches on the theories
and techniques, as gentler reminders.
I’ve been cooking since I was a boy. Yet still, I find it helpful to
keep a cookbook or two in my kitchen, and open them from time to
time, for a quick reminder of how to make something I haven’t
cooked for a while, to learn how to make a dish I haven’t tried be-
fore, or inspiration for something new. I hope you find that Cook-
book Acupuncture serves a similar purpose in your clinic.

Acknowledgments
Since I began practicing and studying acupuncture and Oriental

medicine many years ago, I’ve had many wonderful teachers and
colleagues from many different acupuncture traditions. The tech-
niques in this book are drawn from all of them. It would be difficult
—if not impossible, to trace the origin of each of these techniques,
but I am ever grateful for and to all the folks who helped me along
the way. Most especially I would like to thank Dr. James Tin Yao
So who inspired the first few generations of acupuncturists in the
US, and started the New England School of Acupuncture; Don
Halfkenny who taught me how to be practical, fair and reasonable
in dispensing acupuncture healthcare; Kiko Matsumoto for teaching
me how to reason within the boundaries of acupuncture; Jeffery
Yuen for teaching me how to understand the underpinnings of this
medicine; My classmate and old friend Jean Loius (Lalou) Begue
for showing me the value of paying attention to the details; Skya
Abbate and Anthony Abbate for giving me the opportunity to dis-
cover how best to teach this medicine; my brother Dr. Chuck Ven-
tresca for his example of complete integrity as a physician and his
mastery of the science and art of healing; and Dr. Claudia Welch, a
skilled healer, deep thinker, talented author, wonderful editor, my
inspiration, best friend, partner, and wife.

Introduction
State rules and regulations, or individual practitioners, may make

clear distinctions between the terms, “acupuncture,” “dry needling,”
“meridian therapy,” or “trigger-point needling,” but it’s all the same
to me, and probably to your patients too. Each of these methods of
healing involve placing acupuncture needles into patients to relieve
pain, be it neuromuscular or organ related, physical, or emotional.
They all require some knowledge and experience to get good re-
sults.
Whether you are a licensed acupuncturist, a doctor of: chiropractic,

medicine, naturopathy, osteopathy, physical therapy, or Oriental
medicine, this book assumes that you are a licensed healthcare
practitioner, with acupuncture or dry needling in your scope of prac-
tice, and that you have taken or are currently taking at least basic
acupuncture training. In other words, I assume that you already
know how to insert a needle, which points are contraindicated in
what conditions, how to find most of the important acupuncture
points, and that you are qualified to practice. Hopefully you also
know how to arrive at a basic TCM diagnosis like: Liver Qi Stagna-
tion, Qi and Blood Stagnation, or Spleen Qi Deficiency.
That said, like all of us, you may still need an acupuncture chart to
find the point you’re looking for, and you may need a little reference
material to hone your diagnosis on a particular patient. That’s all
part of the experience that comes with time. Every time you use a
point or make a diagnosis, and see good results, you’ll remember
that point or diagnosis.
The issue of who gets to practice acupuncture and how much train-
ing is necessary can be a hotly debated one. Individual state , and
national laws and regulations allow various healthcare providers to
practice acupuncture, or dry needling, or whatever you might call it,
with certain minimum amounts of training. Because their laws allow

them to employ these techniques, some health care providers natu-
rally want to provide these therapies, They search out training pro-
grams that meet their minimum requirements.
I believe everyone who practices acupuncture should have the best

training that can fit into the number of hours required by law. I have
put in a great deal of time debating acupuncture laws rules and reg-
ulations over the last 30 years, and I’m glad I had the opportunity to
do so.
Now however, I view my role exclusively as an educator, and as

such I’ll leave the politics to others and concentrate on providing
the best training possible to all acupuncture providers.
The information in this book is not complete in and of itself. It’s

meant to serve as an adjunct to classroom study, and as a clinical
handbook, once you’ve completed some studies. If you are hoping
to practice acupuncture with only the information contained in this
book, you will find yourself severely under-informed. However if you
are using it as intended, it should serve you well.
This information is based on over 30 years of my personal experi-

ence treating patients and teaching acupuncture. It’s short, direct,
and to the point. I really think it’s my best stuff. I hope you find it
helpful.

2nd Edition Notes
This is the second edition of this book and is greatly expanded from
my first attempt. The first edition of this book “The Acupuncture
Cookbook” was aimed at assisting doctors who were already
trained in acupuncture in honing their skills in treating pain.
This edition: Cookbook Acupuncture is meant to double as com-

panion set of notes to AcuPractice™ Seminars’ programs and cour-
ses in Acupuncture, and in Acupuncture-Informed Trigger Point Dry
Needling™, as well as a clinical handbook for licensed practition-
ers.
Terminology & Literary Conventions

Oriental Medicine includes all aspects of traditional medicine as is
has been practiced throughout Asia (China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan,
Vietnam, Tibet, and perhaps even India, etc.) for many centuries,
and as it continues to be practiced around the world today.
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is the version of Oriental

medicine that is taught and practiced in mainland China today.
This brand of Oriental medicine was created in the late 1940s and
early 1950s as a way to consolidate 20 centuries of traditional med-
ical information into a coherent system of that could be taught in a
reasonable amount of time, to a vast number of practitioners.
While it doesn’t include every aspect of Oriental medicine, it is quite
effective and is likely the most commonly practiced from of Oriental
medicine in the world today.
Medical, Chiropractic, and Anatomical Acupuncture: These

terms are generally applied to the type of acupuncture taught to
physicians in focus programs of between 100 and 300 hours.
These programs vary widely with regards to the depth of informa-
tion on Oriental medical diagnosis and the treatment of internal

medical disorders. As a result the term has come to refer to
acupuncture treatment that is primarily focused on neurological and
musculoskeletal pain syndromes.
Trigger Point Dry Needling (TPDN) is a procedure that employs a

single powerful needling technique, to treat neuromuscular and
musculoskeletal pain syndromes. This needling technique is one
acupuncture practitioners have been employing for centuries. The
distinguishing factor is TPDN practitioner’s complete avoidance of
any reference to acupuncture, coupled with a strict reliance on bio-
medicine & biomechanics for diagnostics and explaining mecha-
nisms of action. It’s my belief that this strict avoidance of any
acupuncture reference is more political than anything based on clin-
ical effectiveness.
Acupuncture-Informed Trigger Point Dry Needling™ is the prac-

tice of coupling the needling technique one would recognize as
Trigger Point Dry Needling, together with some of the more power-
ful systemic and energetic acupoints and approaches to treatment
to argument clinical results. It seems a shame that healthcare pro-
fessionals who practice trigger point dry needling can not offer their
patients the simple addition of major acupuncture point combina-
tions and needling techniques that carry the very real likelihood of
improved clinical results, for what may be purely political reasons.
As the name implies, Acupuncture-Informed Trigger Point Dry
Needling™ is my answer to this sad state of affairs. I have trained
many healthcare providers in acupuncture over many years, and
having kept in touch with a good number of them, I find that some
of them end up practicing just this style of treatment. This is likely
due to the fact that their practices are mostly geared toward treat-
ment of painful neuromuscular and musculoskeletal disorders, and
they’ve found this a most useful approach.
Capitalization: Given that many technical Oriental medical terms

are the same word as those used in western biomedicine, the ac-
cepted literary convention is to capitalize Oriental medical terms.
For instance: “Blood” refers to the Oriental Medical term for the nu-
tritive aspect of Qi, while “blood” refers to the red fluid found circu-
lating in your blood vessels.

Organ and Meridian Abbreviations:
LU: Lung LI: Large Intestine
SP: Spleen ST: Stomach
HT: Heart SI: Small Intestine
KD: Kidney UB: Urinary Bladder
PC: Pericardium SJ: San Jiao *
LR:Liver GB: Gall Bladder
DU: (GV) Du Mai aka Governing Vessel
REN: (CV) Ren Mai aka Conception Vessel
* San Jiao (SJ) is also known as:

TE Triple Energizer
TW Triple Warmer
TH Triple Heater
TB Triple Burner
Reference Material
Clearly, the clinical application of acupuncture is difficult to convey
in a book, so please forgive my self promotion. AcuPractice™
Seminars is the program I, my brother Dr. Charles Ventresca, and
the rest of our Faculty have developed and offer, for training health-
care professionals in acupuncture. Most of our students are chiro-
practors, medical doctors, osteopaths, naturopaths, physical thera-
pists and a few nurses here and there. If you need a training
course, would like some additional training, or if you have a col-
league who would like to study, please consider AcuPractice™
Seminars. We offer quality acupuncture education programs, that
prepare healthcare providers to practice acupuncture safely and ef-
fectively.
We offer National Board Review classes, Classes on AcuPoints &

Meridians, Needle Techniques, MicroSystems, Internal Medicine,
Women’s Health, and the Treatment of Pain.
For dates, locations fees, hours, and the rest of the usual informa-
tion, please visit us online: AcuPracticeSeminars.com

If you haven’t read The Web That Has No Weaver by Dr. Ted
Kaptchuck, I highly recommend you get a copy and read it. It will
provide you with most of the information you need to understand
the basic theories of acupuncture and Oriental medicine. Even if
you’re not going to use all the information in the book, you should at
least make sure you are familiar with it, if only to be able to speak
knowledgeably on the subject.
You might want have a good set of Acupuncture Charts. I recom-

mend the kind that hang on your wall, so you have quick reference,
and so your patients will become more interested in acupuncture.
However you choose to reference them, you should have some
way to easily locate points when you want them.
The industry standard reference book for acupuncture points is A

Manual of Acupuncture by Peter Deadman & Mazin Al-Khafji with
Kevin Baker. It’s a great textbook and contains most all you could
want to know about acupuncture points. A Manual of Acupunc-
ture App, is a wonderful resource for learning and reviewing points
and meridians. This app even has a video of how to locate and
needle every acupoint. This app gets my highest recommendation.
At the time of this printing, there is no app for Android devices,
however, even if you need to purchase an Apple device to use it,
it’s worth the trouble and expense.
In addition to a resource for acupuncture points, a good set of Trig-

ger Point Charts or one of the many good Trigger Point Apps, is re-
ally worth having. When you are treating pain, you will want to be
able to quickly locate and treat the related trigger points. Of course
you can simply palpate for the trigger points, but why reinvent the
wheel every day? Most common trigger points have already been
discovered. The charts are worth having, and will get you in the
ballpark for the most common trigger points. This is especially true
for acupuncturists and others who haven’t had direct training in trig-
ger points. If a Chinese doctor from the 17 th century had taken the
time to catalog all the Ah Shi (locally reactive) points, that were
useful for treating pain, along with their referral pathways, those
points would be taught in every acupuncture school. As it turns out,

they were named and the cataloguing began in the mid to late 20 th
century, by Dr. Janet Travell, and she called them Trigger Points. I
believe any acupuncture practitioner would be well-served by
spending a little time learning how to find and work with them.
In order to get a clear perspective on how Oriental medicine views

and balances health through lifestyle and diet I highly recommend
Balance Your Hormones, Balance Your Life: Achieving Optimal
Health and Wellness through Ayurveda, Chinese Medicine and
Western Science by Dr. Claudia Welch. This book is geared to-
ward women’s health, but is clinically applicable to all patients, men
and women. I highly recommend it to all healthcare practitioners,
and to patients as well. Especially women.
I also want to mention Close to The Bone, by David Legg, a very

good book to find many of the “nuts and bolts” of treating painful
musculoskeletal conditions.

1. The Basics: Chinese Medical theory 101
This section briefly introduces many clinically useful theories that
form the basis of acupuncture and Oriental medicine. These theo-
ries can be successfully employed to enhance the practice of
acupuncture with only a little effort spent in understanding them.
These concepts are extremely important when treating internal dis-
orders. They are less critical for neurological and musculoskeletal
disorders, but can still be quite useful for crafting more effective
acupuncture treatments for these maladies.
The Five Branches of Oriental Medicine
Acupuncture & Moxibustion includes all application of Physical

Stimulus to AcuPoints: Needles, Heat, Pressure, Cold Laser Light,
Milliamp Electrical Stimulation, etc.
Herbal Medicine includes the ingestion or topical application of

natural, minimally-processed, medicinal substances.
Exercise: Tai Chi & Qi Gong cultivate and manipulate one’s vital
energies (Qi).
Diet & Lifestyle: Michael Pollen’s advice on food is probably the

best and most direct I’ve come across, and it blends well with the
Oriental medical approach: “Eat Real Food (i.e. foods your great
grandmother would recognize as food), Not Too Much, Mostly
Plants.” Couple that with sufficient physical exercise, rest, and re-
pose, and you’re well on your way to a healthy lifestyle.
Massage & Manipulation: There is long history of both of these

modalities in the Orient.
Yin & Yang

Yin and Yang are among the most basic ideas underlying traditional
Chinese philosophy and medicine. Volumes have been written on
this subject, and it is a rich and interesting topic to discuss, with
many implications that can be interpreted in all aspects of our exis-
tence. Yin and Yang encompass any opposite and complementary
pairings that exist. Night and day, hot and cold, up and down, male
and female, left and right, are but a few of the myriad of possible
pairs we find in our universe. Here we will only concern ourselves
with the aspects of Yin and Yang that directly apply to the practice
of Oriental medicine.
There are three sets of opposites that describe Yin and Yang in
most clinical applications. Respectively, they are “Substance and
Function,” “Internal and External,” and “Cooling and Warm-
ing.”
Yin represents the substance and substances of the body, the in-
ternal areas of the body, and the energies that cool and moisten
the body, and provide for rest. Yang represents all functional as-
pects of the body, the body’s external aspects, and the energies
that warm and activate the body.
The information contained in the following tables is helpful in under-

standing some of the the clinical significance of Yin & Yang.
FUNCTIONS OF YANG FUNCTIONS OF YIN
Provides Function Provides Substance
Warming Cooling
Moves, Activates, Circulates Provides Rest the Ability to Rest
Protects / Provides Defense Provides the Ability to Recover from
Disease
Transforms Maintains Structure
Holds Up and In Place: Nourishes & Moistens:
Blood, Fluids, & Organs Blood, Fluids, & Organs

DISORDERS WHICH ARE YANG IN DISORDERS WHICH ARE
NATURE - YIN IN NATURE -
ASSOCIATED WITH ASSOCIATED WITH
Excess Yang or Deficient Yin Excess Yin or Deficient Yang
Acute / Rapid Onset Chronic / Slow Onset
Excess Activity / Insomnia Rest / Fatigue / Sleepiness
Stretch Out To Sleep Curls Up In Sleep
Heat Signs: Red Efflorescences Cold Signs: Pale Efflorescences
Rapid Pulse Slow, / Not-Rapid Pulse
Thirst: Likes Cold Drinks No Thirst: Sips Warm Drinks
Loud Voice - Extrovert Soft / Weak Voice - Introvert
YANG BODY AREAS YIN BODY AREAS

CONTRASTED WITH YIN AREAS CONTRASTED WITH YANG AREAS
Superior Inferior
Posterior Anterior
Lateral Medial
External Internal
The Eight Principles
These are four sets of Yin/Yang pairs that help us begin to under-
stand the nature of disorders, and form an Oriental medical diagno-
sis. This diagnostic framework is usually combined with diagnostic
information about the Organs, Meridians and Substances to arrive
at a complete diagnosis. These four pairs of opposites are: Yin &
Yang, Internal & External, Hot & Cold, Excess & Deficient.

Yin & Yang: Determination of whether a symptom or diagnosis is
more Yin or More Yang can be based on the material presented in
the preceding section on Yin & Yang.
Internal & External refer to either the location of the disorder or it’s
etiology. For instance: A skin disorder is usually considered exter-
nal. An emotional disorder or one pertaining to an Organ is gener-
ally considered internal. In addition, these designations can com-
bine. For instance, a skin disorder which results from an emotional
trigger such as stress, has an external location and and internal eti-
ology, so would be considered both internal and external.
Excess and Deficiency manifest in many ways. Some examples

are found in the tables on Hot & Cold, below. A few notable guide-
lines:
• Pain, Tension & Tightness are generally associated with Ex-
cess
• Weakness, Numbness and Tingling are generally associated
with Deficiency.
• Somatic Accumulations, such as excess weight, tumors,
cysts, and Stagnant Blood are excesses.
• Organ disharmonies such as Spleen Qi weakness, are often
related to deficiencies.
• Again, these designations can also combine, as in the case
of excess accumulation of adipose tissue arising out of a de-
ficiency of the Spleen’s ability to fully digest the food and flu-
ids one consumes.
Hot & Cold: Many disorders present with symptoms that indicate
heat or cold. The tables below illustrate many of the most common
clinical presentations.
DESCRIPTION OF CONDITION AKA TREATMENT PRINCIPLE
Yin Excess True Cold Sedate Yin

Invasion of Cold Warm Cold
YANG EXCESS True Heat Sedate Yang
Excess Heat / Full Heat Cool Heat

Yin Deficiency False Heat Tonify Yin
Heat from Deficiency Nourish Yin
Yang Deficiency False Cold Tonify Yang
Cold from Deficiency Rekindle Yang
Excess, Full, or True Heat Deficient Yin

Usually Seen in URI: aka False Heat
aka OPI Heat
Thirst Dry Mouth, Skin, Hair, etc.
Red Face / Red eyes Malor Flush
Full Sweat / Fever Night Sweats / Hot Flashes
Painful SoreThroat Chronic Dry & Itchy Throat
Strong Cough Yellow Expecto- Chronic Dry Weak Cough
rant
Dark, Scanty, Urine Dark Scanty Urine
(Burning if severe)
Constipation w/ discomfort Dry Stool
or Hot Diarrhea
Pulse: Rapid & Full Pulse: Rapid, Weak & Thin
Tongue: Red Body / Yellow Tongue: Red / No Coat
Coat (Peeled)
Excess, Full, or True Cold Deficient Yang

Often Seen in URI: aka OPI Cold aka False Cold
Clear Copious Urine SAME
Preference for Warm Liquids SAME
Pale Face SAME
Chills Cold Body, Hands, & Feet
Cramping Pain Better with Heat No Pain Associated
Cold Diarrhea Loose Stools / Undigested

Food

Tongue: Thick White Coat Tongue: Pale Puffy / Wet Coat
Pulse: Excessive / Full Pulse: Weak & Slow
The Vital Substances

Qi (pronounced “chi”) is energy. One could write an entire book
about the details and intricacies of Qi, in fact many people have,
but not me, at least not today. The idea of Qi reaches well beyond
it’s implications for Oriental medical theories, but we will limit our
discussion to this application. Let us suffice it to say that Qi is the
energy that flows throughout an individual, and activates all life’s
processes, the Vital Force that keeps us alive and thriving. Qi is a
Yang phenomena, and as such has Yang attributes.
The main functions of Qi are the following:

• To Move, Transport and Activate: Any movement, be it
muscular, circulatory, respiratory, cellular, or otherwise de-
pends on Qi. If the Qi becomes deficient or stagnant, move-
ment is impaired and disharmonies result.
• To Warm: This function includes one’s ability to feel warm
and comfortable as well as mediating the body’s “fires”. For
instance, the “digestive fire” of the Spleen powers all our di-
gestive processes.
• To Protect: The Wei Qi is expressed in our ability to fight off
pathogenic influences like colds and flus. It is the shield that
is our immune system.
• To Hold in Place: Organs, Fluids and Blood all need to be
held in place. When they are not held in place edema, pro-
lapsed organs, easy bruising, varicosities, hemorrhoids, dys-
functional uterine bleeding, and other disorders result.
Disharmonies of Qi: There are Two Main categories of Qi Dishar-

monies. Since Qi is mainly responsible for making things happen
(i.e. activation) and for moving things, QI can either be Deficient or
Stagnant.

• QI Deficiency (Qi Xu) results from malnutrition, overwork, in-
sufficient rest & repose, chronic and acute illnesses, and of-
ten as a result of old age. Qi Xu can manifest in the entire
body, the spirit, or a particular Organ. As we will see, many
other disharmonies are built upon the following Qi Deficient
symptoms:
• Fatigue
• Weakness
• Malaise
• Pale Face
• Pale & Swollen Tongue
• Weak Pulse
• Organ Disfunction
• Mainly: Spleen, Lungs, Kidneys & Heart
• Qi Stagnation (Qi Yu) results from trauma, Outside Perni-
cious Influences (OPI), emotional upset, and inappropriate
diet. The main symptoms include pain and emotions:
• Pain:
• Dull, Achy, and Unfixed
• Intermittent or traveling
• Feels better with massage
• Intercostal neuralgia
• Emotions:
• Feeling stuck emotionally
• Emotional outbursts
• Uneven expression of emotions
• Other Signs:
• Slightly Purple tongue
• Wiry Pulse
• Plum Pit Throat aka “Feeling all choked up”
Two other disharmonies of Qi are Qi Collapse, and Rebellious Qi.

When Qi becomes especially deficient it may collapse. There
are two presentations of Collapsed Qi:
• Spleen Qi Collapse = Prolapse. i.e. anus, uterus, bladder, stom-
ach…
• Heart Qi Collapse = heart attack (MI)

Rebellious Qi is Qi moving in the opposite direction from it’s
normal orientation. while all organs can suffer from rebelious
Qi two are most common
• Rebellious Stomach Qi = Heartburn, nausea, vomiting, acid re-
flux…
• Rebellious Lung Qi = cough, sneezing, COPD, hiccough …
Blood (Xue). Blood is the nutritive aspect of the body’s Qi. Blood
is a Yin phenomena, and as such has Yin attributes.
The main functions of Blood are:

• To Nourish: When Blood is deficient, the lack of nourish-
ment can be observed as fatigue, lack of muscle tone, and a
pale and lusterless complexion.
• To Moisten: The lack of moistening can be seen in symp-
toms such as dry skin, dry hair and eyes and vaginal dry-
ness. In addition, the Tendons need to be moistened. When
the Tendons dry out, tics, twitches and tremors are com-
monly seen.
• To Provide the Ability to Rest: Blood Deficiency often re-
sults in difficulty falling asleep.
• To Recover & Restore our strength after illness.
The Main Relationships of Blood:

Heart: Moves It Through Body
Liver: Stores and Releases (includes Menstrual Blood)
Spleen: Produces Blood & Holds It In the Vessels
Disharmonies Of Blood: Blood, like Qi can become Deficient, or

Stagnant, but can also become overheated, know as Hot Blood.
Deficient Blood (Xue Xu) similar to Qi Xu arises from malnutrition,

chronic Illness, congenital disease, old age, exhaustion from
overwork, and also from a physical loss of blood. Also like Qi Xu,
Xue Xu can manifest in the entire body, the spirit or a particular Or-
gan. The signs & symptoms of Blood Xu are very Similar to Qi Xu,
but with the addition of Lack of Both Nourishment and Moisture.
Fatigue, Malaise

Pale Lusterless Face
Weak Thin Pulse
Pale & Thin Tongue
Organ Dysfunction
Dry Skin
Dry Brittle Hair
Twitches And Spasms (Due To Drying Out Of Tendons)
Scanty/Light/Shortened/Infrequent Menses
Dizziness
Difficulty Falling Asleep (Yin Substance)
Dry Eyes (Liver)
Palpitations (Heart)
Stuck Blood (Xue Yu) Arises from trauma, or as a result of Qi
stagnation. Like Qi Yu, one of the main symptoms of Xue Yu is
pain. The Pain associated with Blood Stagnation is:
• Sharp and Stabbing
• Fixed in Time & Space
• Feels worse with massage
• Associated with
• Tumors Or Cysts (Non-Moving)
• Swollen Organs
• Hematoma
• Clots
Hot Blood is a condition associated with heat entering the Blood
either from the outside or from internal causes. Heat in the Blood
often causes bleeding or redness of the skin, as seen in red dry
skin, pimples, rashes, or hemorrhage of fresh red blood such as
hemorrhoids, uterine bleeding, or blood in the urine.
Jin-Ye: All physiological fluids of the body, with the exception of

Blood.
• The Jin are the clear, watery, more Yang fluids such as
tears and sweat.
• The Ye are the more Yin and thick fluids such as the internal
moisture and synovial fluids.
• San Jiao, Kidneys, Spleen and Lungs: Produce and man-
age the fluids.

Jing is the Constitutional Energy that we inherit from our par-
ents.
• Each of us is conceived and born with a potential, that man-
ifests in our own unique physical, mental, and emotional
makeup. How we take advantage of this potential varies
from individual to individual.
• As we age we “use up” this constitutional energy. As our
Jing is depleted over a normal lifetime the process of ag-
ing progresses.
• We conserve our Jing by living a healthy and balanced life-
style.
• When the Jing is Deficient or depleted too quickly, signs of
early aging occur. These include:
• Poor Development In Children
• Poor Concentration / Memory
• Reproductive Disorders
• Loose Teeth
• Brittle Bones
• Gray-Thinning Hair
• Senility
Shen is an individual’s consciousness, and as such, it dictates

one’s subjective experience of all aspects of life, joy and sorrow,
pleasure and pain. When one’s Shen is disturbed, mental and emo-
tional imbalances can be experienced. These imbalances can
range from mild anxiety or depression, to a complete psychotic
break. Treating the Shen is often part of the treatment plan when
treating patients for painful conditions, as well as those who are
suffering from psycho-spiritual disharmonies. Calming the Shen re-
laxes the patient and allows for a more free flow of Qi and Blood. If
the Shen is not at peace, it can result in further imbalances that
lead to increased tension, which leads to further stagnation, which
increases pain, which furthers the loss of peace-of-mind, and snow-
balls into more physical and psychological suffering.
Disharmonies of Shen show up as:
• Emotional Problems, Psychological And Emotional Shock, Distur-
bances Of Psychological/Mental Nature

• Eyes That Lack Luster

• Muddled Personality Forgetful And Slow
• General Spiritual Disorder (Psychosis)
Pulse & Tongue Diagnosis

Palpation of the radial pulse and observation of the tongue have
been in use as diagnostic indicators for many centuries in tradi-
tional Asian medicine. Mastering these techniques and acquiring
the ability to diagnose a condition simply by feeling a pulse and
looking at a tongue require many years of study and practice.
However, learning the basics of these diagnostic techniques is sim-

ple, and can be learned in a single session. In addition by using
only the most basic parameters of tongue and pulse diagnostics, a
doctor can glean much useful diagnostic information with only a lit-
tle practice. The following table illustrates the most common and
easy to detect pulse and tongue combinations that are often found
in practice and can offer significant diagnostic direction.
Condition Tongue Pulse
Normal Normal Red Moderate Strength

Thin White Coat Slightly Slippery
60-80 BPM
Qi Deficiency Pale & Puffy Weak

Thin White Coat
Yang Deficiency Pale & Puffy Weak & Slow

Wet Coat
Blood Deficiency Pale Thin & Dry Weak & Thin

Thin White Coat
Yin Deficiency Red & Thin & Dry Weak & Thin & Rapid
No / Peeled Coat

Condition Tongue Pulse
True Excess Red & Dry Full & Rapid

Heat Thick Yellow Coat
Dampness Greasy Coat Slippery
Qi Stagnation Slightly Purple Slightly Wiry
Blood Stagna- Dark Purple Definitely Wiry

tion (Maybe Spots)
OPI Heat Red Tip Rapid & Floating

Red Edges
OPI Cold Normal Floating
Long-Standing Scalloped Edges Weak in Middle Posi-

SP Xu tion
LR Qi Stagna- Slightly Purple Full & Wiry

tion
Meridians & Organs
The Meridians and Organs of acupuncture have considerable ar-

eas of overlap.
• Each of the Zang and Fu Organs has a corresponding set of
meridians.
• The 6 Zang or Solid Organs and Meridians are classified as Yin.
• The 6 Fu or Hollow Organs are classified as Yang. Each Zang
Organ is Paired with a Fu Organ, making up 12 Yin - Yang pairs.
Yin Meridians and Organs, for the most part, address meta-
bolic dysfunction and Internal Disharmonies, often referred to
as Yin Disorders. In addition, many of the functions associated

with the Yang Organs are orchestrated by, and treated through, the
Yin Organs. For instance, the digestive functions western medicine
associates with the large intestine, small intestine, gall bladder,
liver, and pancreas, are all subsumed under the functioning of the
Spleen. The points on these meridians become important for their
effects in treating specific aspects of internal Organ function.
Yang Meridians are generally used to address the Yang disor-

ders, those that manifest more on the surface or exterior of the
body, such as musculoskeletal pain, tension, and tightness.
Since the Yang meridians tend to treat pain along their respective
pathways these pathways become, in some ways, more important
than the functions of their individual points.
There are a few exceptions to the above rules and we will explore
them as they arise.
The Organs and Meridians pair up in a two main ways.

• The primary pairing of Yin and Yang, is known as the Husband-
Wife relationship.
• A second grouping of Yin-Yin and Yang-Yang relationships is the
Six-Division Pairing.

The Husband-Wife / Yang-Yin Pairs are grouped according to the
Five Elements, which are further explained in the next chapter.
Yin Yang Element

Wife Husband
Lung Lg. Intestine Metal
Spleen Stomach Earth
Heart Sm. Intestine Fire
Kidney Urinary Bladder Water
Pericardium San Jiao Fire
Liver Gall Bladder Wood
The Six-Division / Yang-Yang and Yin-Yin Pairs.

Note: The Yang/Yang pairs play a significant role in the treatment
of musculoskeletal, neuromuscular and painful conditions.
Divisions Yang-Yang Pairs
Grater Yang / Tai Yang Small Intestine & Urinary Bladder
Lesser Yang / Xiao Yang San Jiao & Gall Bladder
Effulgent Yang / Yang Large & Intestine Stomach

Ming
Divisions Yin- Yin Pairs
Grater Yin / Tai Yin Lung & Spleen
Lesser Yin / Xiao Yin Heart & Kidney

Divisions Yang-Yang Pairs
Yielding Yin / Jue Yin Pericardium & Liver

The Great Loop Chart below, illustrates the flow of Qi among the
Organs and Meridians within the context of both the Husband-Wife
and Six- Division pairs.

The Horary Cycle in the table below, illustrates how the flow of Qi
throughout an individuals meridians and Organs coincide with

one’s diurnal 24 hour cycle.

The Five Elements
Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal and Water - Like Yin and Yang, Five El-
ement Theory is another way of classifying phenomena. The Five
Elements permeate traditional Chinese thought, and can be applied
to almost everything.
The Five Elements comprise a diagnostic framework that blends

nicely with Yin & Yang, the Organs and the Substances. However,
in practice most TCM diagnosis discuss the Organs, Substances
and Disharmonies or Pathogens without referring to the Five Ele-
ments. Still, they are useful for constitutional typing, diagnosis and
prognosis. “Five Element Acupuncture” is a rich and effective sub-
genre of acupuncture, which for he most part, will remain outside
the scope of this book.
Each of these elements; The Elements, Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal &
Water is related to a particular pair of Organs and Meridians, color,
sound, odor, emotion, taste, body tissue, body type, climate, and
other characteristics. There exist many relationships between
these elements as illustrated below.

Fire
Heart
Sm Intestine
Wood Earth
Liver Spleen
Gall Bladder Stomach
Water Metal
Kidneys Lungs
U. Bladder Lg Intestine
The Interrelationships of the Five Elements

Notes:
1. The Solid Line Arrows which make up the Circle, represent the Cre-
ative (Sheng)Cycle also known as the Parent-Child Cycle
2. The Dotted Line Arrows which make up the Star represent the Con-
trol (Ko)Cycle, aka the Grandparent-Grandchild Cycle
3. The Fire Element also includes the Pericardium (Yin) and San Jiao
aka Triple Warmer (Yang) Organs.
• Within each element are Yin and Yang aspects, sometimes referred to
as the husband-wife relationship:
• Yin organs representing wives and Yang representing husbands.
• Aberrations of the Sheng, Creative, Parent/Child, or Generating Cycle

• overproduction: hyper function generating Excess (Excess)
• underproduction: hypo function creating Deficiency(Deficiency)
• over-taxed, in which case the child drains the parent (Deficiency pro-
ducing exhaustion) (analog to underproduction)
• Aberrations of the Ko, Control, Grandparent, or Over-Acting Cycle
• too much control, over-bearing, invasive and destructive (Excess pro-
ducing Deficiency)

• insufficient restraint, too weak to be effective (Deficiency generating Ex-
cess)
• Reversed Ko cycle in which the child (normally restrained) rebels and
insults the grandparent (Excess creates Deficiency)
The interrelationships of these Elements and their related attributes

can create, and affect disharmonies between one another in many
in varied ways.
The table below lists many of the attributes of each of these Ele-
ments and can assist in predicting the results of some of these in-
teractions.
Because this is a complex system, and is not one we will be utiliz-

ing in this book to any significant degree, I leave it to be discussed
and further explained in the classroom.
That said, the table below is helpful in understanding the breadth of

the Five Elements, and deserves consideration.

Table of Five Element Attributes
CATEGORY WOOD FIRE EARTH METAL WATER

ZANG: Solid Liver Heart PC Spleen Lungs Kidney
Yin Organ
FU: Hollow Gall Bladder SI SJ Stomach Lg. Intestine Bladder
Yang Organ
SEASON Spring Summer Late Summer Fall Winter
CYCLE Birth Growth Maturity Harvest Rest / Storage
CLIMATE Wind Heat Damp Dry Cold
ORIFICE Eyes Tongue Mouth Nose Ears
SENSE Vision Speech Taste Smell Hearing
BODY TISSUE Tendons Blood Flesh Skin Teeth Bone
Sinews Blood Vessels Muscles Marrow
RESIDUES Nails Complexion Lips Body Hair Head Hair
TONGUE Sides Tip Center Behind Tip Root
COLOR Green Red Yellow White Blue/Black
SOUND Shouting Laughing Singing Raspy Resonant
Sighing Weeping Groaning
OFFICE Benevolent Righteous Faithful Decorous Wise
General Sovereign Farmer Architect Treasurer
DUTY Plan Rule Nourish Create Order Store Essence
Hun - Soul Shen - Spirit Yi -Thoughts Po - Physical Zhi -Will
SPIRITS Persona Consciousness Memory Vitality Commitment
EMOTION Decisiveness Joy Harmonizing Strength Survival Deter-
Control Balanced Deep Thought Sustainability mination
Anger Psychosis Obsessive Grief/Sadness Fear
BODY FLUID Tears Sweat Saliva Nasal Internal Mois-
Mucus ture
TASTE ODOR Sour & Sharp Bitter & Burnt Sweet & Fra- Spicy & Pun- Salty & Musty
grant gent

Causes of Disease
External causes of disease are mainly what we call colds and
flus, and are designated as Wind, Cold, Heat, Dryness, and
Dampness, depending on their associated signs and symptoms.
These pathogens are commonly used to represent the differ-
ent manifestations of upper respiratory infections (URIs). They
are often referred to as Outside Pernicious Influences (OPIs) Wind
is usually the earliest stage of a URI. Cold is recognized by the
presence of chills and body ache. Heat is characterized by red
face, and tongue, and sore throat. Dampness produces excess
mucous, and Dryness produces a dry cough. These pathogens
also often combine in various ways.
In addition to upper respiratory infections, these external pathogens

manifest in other disorders as well. A few examples follow: Cold
can manifest as pain in the joints as in arthritis, bursitis, or other
aches and pains which are worse in cold weather. Cold can also
enter the lower part of the body (Lower Warmer) and cause cramp-
ing menstrual pain. Heat can enter the skin causing burning
sores like boils, and carbuncles. Wind has similar effects to the
wind we experience in nature, causing tremors and sudden un-
predicted movements, or in extreme cases even paralysis.
Dampness too is similar to what we find in nature. Like dampness
in a basement, it’s hard to resolve. Pain and feelings of heavi-
ness which linger and may be accompanied by swelling, tend
to indicate Dampness. Dampness can collect as excessive mu-
cous seen in the Lungs, or stools or as joint swelling. Overweight
and other somatic accumulations are also signs of Dampness accu-
mulating.
The Internal Causes of Disease are the Emotions. When any

emotion is experienced inappropriately, it will effect the functioning
of the Organs it is associated with. Whether one experiences or ex-
presses an emotion too strongly, or insufficiently (repressing it) it
will have consequences. Anger affects the Liver, Grief affects the
Lungs, Joy affects the Heart, Worry and Over Thinking affect the
Spleen, and Fear affects the Kidneys.

Miscellaneous causes of disease are the many and various influ-
ences we encounter in our lives. Examples include, getting hit by a
bus, bitten by a snake and contacting environmental toxins. In
most western countries today the most common of the Miscella-
neous causes of disease are likely: Inappropriate Diet, Inappropri-
ate Exercise, Overwork, and Insufficient Rest and Repose.
The Organs
When we use the term “Organ” or the names of the Organs, in
TCM, we do not infer the identical meaning as we understand them
in current biological medicine in the West. We use these terms to
address a complex system of interrelationships that, while they in-
clude the organs as we understand them, they also include emo-
tions, thoughts, and other physical systems in the body, or body/
mind/spirit. In this way the ancients in China could understand and
work with all the aspects of an individual within the context of just a
handful of systems. While modern biology cannot fully explain this
approach, there are countless generations of experience to attest to
its efficacy.
Each Organ has a specific job to perform. I will discuss the main
jobs of each Organ, and the typical symptoms associated with their
primary dysfunctions. There are, of course, many other associa-
tions for each Organ, but I’ll only address those associations that
have clear clinical application, and are regularly encountered in
daily practice. I am focusing on the functions of the Yin Organs,
since they are the ones that perform most of the jobs that I address
in this book. For the most part the Yang organs support the Yin Or-
gans in their operation. The only Yang Organ I’ll address here is
the Stomach.
I have focused this edition of this book on the treatment of painful

conditions. However, I did want to include at least a little direction

on internal medicine. Perhaps in the next edition, I will give more
detailed “recipes” for internal disorders. For now, I hope you and
your patients find this, admittedly limited, set of directions helpful.
The Lungs
The Lungs are responsible for respiration, energy (QI) produc-
tion, and protection from outside influences, similar to our
concept of the immune system.
When the Lungs are functioning well, the individual is vital and
strong. When they are in disharmony, we see respiratory problems
like COPD, shortness of breath, and a tendency towards upper res-
piratory infections.
When the Lungs are in disharmony, the following are some com-
mon possible symptoms:
All types of respiratory disorders
All sinus disorders
Many Skin Disorders
Common Colds and Flus
Fatigue
Treating The Lungs

Tonify the Lungs: Lu 9, Lu 1, UB 13
Colds and Flus: LI 4, LU 7, LI 20,
Cough LU 5
Sore Throat or other Heat in the Lungs: LU 10
The Large Intestine is the Yang/Fu organ associated with the

Lungs. Occasionally the Large Intestine is involved in treatment of
digestive disturbances, however the Spleen is generally treated in
most of these situations. However as a Fu Organ, the Large Intes-
tine Meridian is important in diagnosing and treating surface condi-
tions such as musculoskeletal and neurological pain.

The Spleen
The Spleen is responsible for managing all aspects of Diges-
tion and Assimilation, Transformation and Transportation.
This is mainly seen as managing the transformation of food and flu-

ids into energy, blood, body fluids and tissues. When the Spleen is
not functioning well, food and fluids are not fully processed, one’s
energy level drops, and digestive problems become apparent.
These unprocessed products then accumulate in the individual as
excess weight and phlegm and mucous.
The Spleen is in charge of Transportation and Transformation

(T&T). It is associated with:
T&T of Qi, Blood & Jin Ye
Holding Blood Fluids & Organs in Place
Manifests In The Lips
Dislikes Dampness & Cold
Rules The Flesh & Muscles
When the Spleen is in disharmony, the following are some common

possible symptoms:
Fatigue
All problems with the Lower Digestive Processes
Bloating, Gas, Loose Stools, Tired After Eating
Overweight
Underweight
Muscle weakness/atrophy
Weakness of the flesh / flaccidity
Prolapses
Excessive or Insufficient Menstrual bleeding
Excessive Bruising
Blood in Stools
Mucous in Stools
Hemorrhoids

Treating The Spleen
Since the Spleen mainly suffers from deficiencies of Qi, Yang, and
Blood, it tends to respond best to Diet and Herbal Treatment. How-
ever, acupuncture can often be very helpful and is certainly worth a
good try, especially if you can add some moxa for tonification. Also
Tonifying the Kidneys is often helpful when treating the Spleen.
Keep in mind that tonifying the Spleen can take some months.
When treating the Spleen, you will generally want to tonify all the
points:
ST 36, SP 6, Ren 6, Ren 8 (moxa only), UB 20
Adjust Diet: Cut out or reduce highly processed, cold and
damp foods
The Stomach
The Stomach is responsible for the early digestive processes.
While the Spleen is responsible for all digestive processes, once

the food has left the Stomach, problems with the Stomach itself are
usually addressed directly. Heartburn, hiatial hernias, and stomach
ulcers are all symptoms of Stomach disharmonies. Also as a Fu
Organ, the Stomach Meridian is important in diagnosing and treat-
ing surface conditions such as musculoskeletal and neurological
pain.
When the Stomach is in disharmony, the following are some com-

Stomach Pain / Distention
Nausea
Vomiting
Belching
Acid Regurgitation , Heartburn, Ulcers
Bad Breath
Increased/decreased appetite

Treating The Stomach
The Main points for treating the Stomach are the same for most
conditions:
ST 36, SP 6, Ren 12, UB 21
If there’s Heat: add ST 44 and perhaps ST 45
The Heart
The Heart is the Organ that stores our “Shen.” The Shen is
our spirit, or that aspect of awareness which is reflected in our
eyes; our sense of “self” our perception of the world around
us, and how we fit in. In a word, consciousness.
Disharmonies of the Heart can manifest as any disturbance of the

consciousness, from mild anxiety or depression to severe psycho-
logical disorders. All these disorders fall under the term of “Shen
Disturbance.”
When the Heart is in disharmony, the following are some common
possible symptoms:
All disorders effecting the Mind: Spirit, Consciousness, Memory, &
Thinking
Most Sleep disorders
Most Heart disorders can be effectively treated by treating the Peri-

cardium.
The Small Intestine is the Yang/Fu organ associated with the

Heart. It is seldom a cause of disease in and of itself. However as
a Fu Organ, it’s Meridian is important in diagnosing and treating
surface conditions such as musculoskeletal and neurological pain.
The Kidneys
The Kidneys are responsible for the balance of Yin and Yang
in the body. They regulate our constitutional energies, and
manage reproductive, urogenital, and sexual functions.

Urinary, prostate, premature aging, and lowered libido are a few of
the disharmonies we associate with the Kidneys.
The Kidneys are “housed” in the lower back, and so are re-
sponsible for the strength of our low back. This is useful in
treating chronic low back and sciatic disorders.
When the Kidneys are in disharmony, the following are some com-
Low back pain & weakness
Pain & weakness of the Legs, Knees, & Ankles
Impotence and Infertility
Incontinence
Polyuria
Loss of hearing / Tinnitus
Lower body Edema
Problems of growth and development
Signs of premature aging
Sciatica
Low sex drive
Fearfulness & Lack of Will
Fatigue
Treating The Kidneys

Like the Spleen, Treating the Kidneys most always involves tonifi-
cation. Like the Stomach most Kidney treatments involve the same
points:
KD 3, KD 16, UB 23, DU 4
If there’s Heat (from Yin Deficiency) add KD 2 and KD 7
The Urinary Bladder

is the Yang/Fu organ associated with the Kidneys. As such it sup-
ports the Kidneys and can often be treated as an adjunct to treating
the Kidneys. Only ins cases of Bladder infections do we usually ad-
dress the Bladder itself. Otherwise we address Urinary Bladder
problems via the Kidneys. However as a Fu Organ, the Bladder

Meridian is important in diagnosing and treating surface conditions
such as musculoskeletal and neurological pain.
The Pericardium
The Pericardium is responsible for Setting the Order of the
Heart. In other words, we treat the pericardium for all the or-
ganic functioning of the heart:
Treat the pericardium for tachycardia, bradycardia, irregular heart-

beat, chest pain, palpitations, etc.
The Pericardium also treats the psychological aspects (Shen) of the
Heart.
Treating The Heart and Pericardium

Most all aspects of the Spirit can be treated with the Tai Ji
Treatment discussed earlier in the book (PC6, SJ 5, LR 3,
GB 41)
Fast, Slow or Irregular Heartbeat PC 5, Ht 7
HT 8 will reset the order of the heart
PC 8 for dream disturbed sleep
The San Jiao

(aka Triple Warmer, Triple Heater, Triple Energizer, Triple Burner)
plays an important role in explaining many concepts that are central
to the theories of Chinese medicine.
“San Jiao” translates as “Three Burning Spaces.” Also, as a Fu

Organ, it’s Meridian is important in diagnosing and treating surface
conditions such as musculoskeletal and neurological pain.
The Three Jiaos or Burning Spaces are:

• Upper Jiao (Upper Burner): LU & HT, Responsible for
Respiration & Circulation
• Middle Jiao (Middle Burner): SP & ST, Responsible for Di-
gestion & Assimilation

• Lower Jiao (Lower Burner): KD, UB & Reproductive Or-
gans, Responsible for Elimination & Reproduction
The Three Jiaos are collectively responsible for Water Metabolism,

Classically Described As A System Of Sluices Or Waterways
• Lungs Descends & Disseminate Fluids
• Spleen Transforms Fluids and Transports them to Upper Warmer
• Kidneys Power Fluid Metabolism
The Liver
The Liver is responsible for the smooth and easy flow of en-
ergy and emotions in an individual. This includes assisting all
processes, physical, mental and emotional in flowing smoothly and
regularly. Muscle contraction, menstrual cycles, and managing the
smooth flow of the emotions--especially anger, are just a few exam-
ples of this function. The Liver is like known as The “Free & Easy
Wanderer,” the General, the City Planner, and the Traffic Cop. It
doesn't perform all the tasks in the body, but it facilitates the free
flow of Qi in order for all the other organs to accomplish their jobs.
The Liver is associated with:
Smooth and Easy Flow of Qi & Emotions
Tendons & Muscles (Tension)
Sea of Blood (Stores)
Controls the Eyes
Houses the Hun (Self)
Planning
Dislikes Wind, Heat, & Stagnation
When the Liver is in disharmony, the following are some common

possible symptoms:
Stress Related Disorders, Anger / Irritability
Excessive muscular tension, esp. Neck and Shoulders
Contractures, spasms / uncoordinated movements
Tics, Twitches & Tremors

Throat clearing/ feeling of plum pit in the throat
Gynecological problems
PMS w/ breast pain & distention
Painful Menses w/ clots & sharp stabbing pain
Meridian related Sx.
Inguinal pain and Hernias
Acute inflammatory problems, Herpes, Conjunctivitis
Erratic mood swings / Moodiness / Irritability
Quick to Anger /Volatile-violent outbursts
Frustration
Compulsive energy
Eye problems:
Tearing, blurry vision, night blindness,
Floaters, photophobia & light sensitivity
Treating The Liver

The Liver is most prone to stagnation. Since it’s main job is to
move Qi, any disharmony of the Liver will result in some degree of
Liver Qi Stagnation. The Liver can also be affected by Xue Xu and
Yin Xu.
Acupuncture is quite good for moving Liver Qi Stagnation, but the
patient will have to make some lifestyle changes to keep the condi-
tion from returning. Some type of stress reduction technique needs
to be employed by the patient. Usually people need to understand
that rest, relaxation, and repose are as important as, or more im-
portant than, achieving their external goals. I know it's a tall order,
but how else can you get folks to let go of vain strivings that are af-
fecting their health?
Patients should consider doing some gentle form of yoga, or tai chi
or Qi gong. The gentle stretching of the tendons is a wonderful way
to relax the Liver, and it usually helps with the stress too. (GENTLE
stretching, not strenuous, hot, & sweaty types of yoga).
One other thing is removing coffee from the diet. Coffee (not caf-
feine) has a particular affinity for the Liver, and I believe it contrib-
utes greatly to Liver Qi stagnation.
To sum up:
Acupuncture once a week to move LR Qi.
LR 3, GB 41, PC 6, SJ 5
Gentle Yoga

Quit Coffee
1-3 months produces excellent results in most cases
The Gall Bladder

is the Yang/Fu organ associated with the Liver. As such it sup-
ports the Liver and can often be treated as an adjunct to treating
the Liver. It is seldom a cause of disease in and of itself. However
as a Fu Organ, the Gall Bladder Meridian is important in diagnosing
and treating surface conditions such as musculoskeletal and neuro-
logical pain.

2. Acupuncture Techniques Demystified
In China the term used for Acupuncture is “ZhenJiu” which means
Acupuncture/Moxibustion. It’s as if those two words were not meant
to be separated. I believe this is for the reason that there are
strengths and weaknesses to all the modalities of Chinese
medicine and they complement one another. Let me briefly name
and describe the main interventions usually considered in Chinese
medicine, and point out their strong points.
Acupuncture is the physical stimulation of acupoints, on the surface
of the body, with some external stimulator. The most common stim-
ulator is an acupuncture needle. However point can be stimulated
by many various means such as finger pressure, heat, electricity,
laser light, magnets, as well as cupping, and guasha, which we will
address below. It is my opinion that while there are arguments for
each method of stimulating acupuncture points, needles work best
in most cases. No one really likes getting needled, and so we can
surmise that if needles weren’t superior for stimulating points, we’d
probably use something a bit more comfortable. The strong point
of acupuncture treatment is it’s ability to move stagnation. Since all
painful conditions are a result of stagnation of one sort or another,
acupuncture is particularly effective at treating painful conditions
and an assortment of other conditions that are associated with
stagnation or excess.
Moxibustion is the application of heat to acupoints, specifically by

heating or burning an herb called “moxa” Moxa is a bastardization
of the words “mo kusha”, Japanese for “burning herb.” The actual
herb is artemisia vulgaris. This herb has significant properties that
make it particularly effective for this purpose. Like acupuncture,
moxa is effective in moving stagnation. Moxa is also effective for
building deficiencies, especially deficiencies of Qi and Yang. In ad-
dition moxa is quite warming, and so treats Cold conditions.
Herbal Medicine is where Chinese medicine shines with most defi-

cient internal conditions, and conditions where stagnations are in-
ternal and chronic. While acupuncture and moxibustion can be

helpful, many metabolic conditions can be treated more effectively
when herbal medicine is added into the mix.
Physical Manipulation has a long history in the Chinese medical tra-

dition. Tuina, a type of massage which is surprisingly similar in
many ways to chiropractic, has been practiced for centuries, with
good effect on structural correction.
Energetic Manipulation consists mainly of exercises such as Tai-Ji

and Qi-Gong, which are used to both cultivate and manipulate Qi,
for improved health. These exercises have proved to be particularly
helpful in promoting balance, physically, mentally, and emotionally.
Before moving on to the techniques let’s consider hygiene and

safety.
Clean Needle Technique
1. ALWAYS:
a) Wash Hands Between Patients
(1) # 1 for Infection Control
(2) Soap & Running Water 10 Seconds Minimum
b) Establish a Clean Field
c) Sanitize Hands Prior to Inserting Needles if Hands Have Been
Slightly Contaminated
(1) Alcohol Based Hand Disinfectants are Acceptable for Hand
Washing
d) Isolate Used Needles Immediately
e) Use Universal Precautions: Prevention of Exposure and Pre-
vention of Disease if Exposure Occurs.
(1) Gloves, Gowns, Masks, Goggles etc. when needed
f) Use Sterile and/or Clean Equipment and Work Areas as di-
rected
(1) Needles & other Instruments that Penetrate the Skin or Touch
the Mucous Membrane, must be sterile
(2) Always use Sterile Needles
(a) Use Single-Use Disposable Needles
(b) Avoid Contamination when removing needles from packaging
(c) Never reuse or reinsert a needle

(d) Never use a needle that’s been contaminated. i.e dropped,
miss-inserted
g) Disinfection / Antisepsis/ 70% Isopropyl Alcohol
(1) Use on Clean Skin to reduce pathogens and inanimate objects
on the skin
2. Clean Technique
a) Using Sterilization, Disinfection, Antisepsis, Washing, etc.
b) Clean Field
(1) The area prepared to contain acupuncture equipment & sup-
plies
(2) Clean Tray or Paper Towel Work Surface
(3) Sealed/Open Needles
(4) Alcohol Swabs
(5) Dry Cotton Balls
(6) Gloves
(7) Clean Instruments
(8) Gua Sha Tool
(9) Cups
(10) Forceps
(11) Ear Probe
c) Off the clean field
(1) Waste container
(a) Plastic Lined Paper Bag
(2) Biohazard Container
(3) Other Non-Clean Items:
(a) Pens
(b) Discarded Insertion tubes and wrappers
3. Cups and Guasha Tools
a) If no bleeding occurs: Cups May be Cleaned with Soap and
Water
b) If Bleeding occurs: Cups Must be Cleaned and Sterilized
(1) Bleach Solution Sterilization for Non-Porous Items
(a) 1:10 solution Bleach: Water
(b) Soak for 1 hour
4. Biohazard Containers
a) ONLY Needles go in in Biohazard Containers
(1) NO tubes, packaging, cotton balls, prep pads, etc.
(2) Cotton balls tinged with blood are disposed in double bagged
waste

(3) Cotton balls are placed in BioHazard container ONLY IF AC-
TUALLY SOAKED WITH BLOOD
b) Check State regulations for Disposal, Storage and
Transportation of biohazard containers.
Risks to Acupuncture Providers

1. Needle Stick
a) Use Caution to Avoid
b) CDC Recommends
(1) Consult a Physician Immediately
(2) Test Source for HBV, HCV, HIV within 2 hours if possible
(3) Begin Treatment ASAP, if required
2. Blood Exposure
a) Glove Carefully
3. Train Staff Carefully in
a) Recognition of Contaminated Needles
b) Office Procedures Regarding Needles
c) Handling Contaminated Needles
d) Needle Sticks
Acupuncture Patient Side Effects
1. High Risk Patients
2. Use Universal Precautions
3. Needle Sickness / Fainting
a) Vasovagal Response
b) Remove Needles, Have Patient Lie Down
c) Perhaps a few sips of water
4. Pain / Bruising / Swelling at Needle Site
5. Stuck Needle
6. Forgotten Needle
7. Neuritis
8. Moxa Burns
a) Use Caution
b) Assess Patient's Heat Tolerance
(1) Neural injury, diabetes, paralysis, etc.
c) Treat w/ Western Medical Techniques
(1) Sterile dressing
(2) Appropriate referral
9. Abscess
10. Allergic Dermatitis

11. Broken Needle
a) Leave some shaft visible
12. Auricular Chondritis
13. 30 sec - 5 minutes direct pressure
14. Organ Puncture
a) Veins/Arteries
b) Pneumothorax
c) Eyes
d) Enlarged
(1) Heart
(2) Liver
(3) Spleen
(4) Kidney
e) Spinal Cord
(1) Exercise Caution With DU 15 & DU16
15. Seizures
Contraindications and Cautions
16. Always use Caution when treating Patients who are or may be
a) Pregnant
b) Elderly
c) Diabetic
d) Very Tired
e) Very Hungry
f) Under the influence of any Mind Altering/Pain Relieving Medi-
cations
g) Numb in an area to be treated
17. Points Contraindicated in Pregnancy

a) LI 4
b) SP 6
c) GB 21
d) UB 60
e) Points on the Abdomen
f) Points on the Lower Back
18. GB 21 Contraindicated for patients with Heart Conditions
19. Electro-Acupuncture Contraindicated for patients with
a) Pacemakers and other electrical implants
b) History of Seizure Disorders

c) Strongly Recommended not to apply electro-acupuncture
across the heart (i.e. Chest to Back/ Left to Right/ Arm to Arm)
Before jumping into treatment techniques lets consider some
information on setting up your office to accommodate
acupuncture treatment.
Office Setup/Patient Flow

20. Patient Scheduling
a) Order of Treatment Modality
21. Assistant(s)
22. Gowns / Gym Shorts
23. Treatment Tables
a) Bolsters
b) Table Extenders
c) Boards & Blocks
24. Stool/Chair
25. Treatment Cart
a) Clean Field
b) Treatment Supplies
26. Biohazard container
27. TDP/Heat Lamp
28. (Space) Blankets
29. Timers
30. Call Buttons
31. Forms
a) Find Forms Online: www.AcuPracticeSeminars.com (Re-
sources Page)
b) Intake
c) Informed Consent
d) Moxibustion Instruction/Consent
e) Cupping / Guasha Information Letter
32. Patient Education Handouts
Let’s look now at Acupuncture, Moxa, and other Basic Treat-

ment Techniques.
Effective acupuncture treatment consists of point selection,

location and needle technique. This chapter offers an expla-

nation of how to apply some of the different acupuncture
techniques to effectively treat many common disorders.
Acupuncture Distal Techniques

You can often affect local pain with just distal techniques, but
local treatment is usually necessary as well. In the section
on treating specific conditions I will cover many useful distal
treatment points and techniques.
Getting The Qi
When you’re is performing acupuncture it is important to
“Get the Qi.” But what does that mean? According to the
prevalent teachings in China today, it means that the patient
must feel a deep, aching, distending, electrical or traveling
sensation. This doesn’t mean pain. The Qi sensation should
be clear and strong to the patient, but not painful. When the
patient reports the feelings associated with “getting the qi,”
the practitioner can stop stimulation of the point and rest as-
sured that she has contacted the Qi. A painful acupuncture
treatment is seldom necessary.
There are, however plenty of other traditions of acupuncture

where the practitioner does not depend on the patient’s re-
port of feeling the Qi to ascertain that the Qi has been con-
tacted. In fact, it could be easily argued that it is more im-
portant that the practitioner feel the Qi than the patient, since
the practitioner is presumably more familiar with the feeling
of Qi than the patient, and the practitioner knows better what
to look for. But, how does the practitioner know what to feel,
to be sure that she has contacted the Qi?
After 30 year of practice, I am pretty sure that I can feel the

contact with the Qi, most of the time. Unfortunately, I can’t
describe it in sufficient detail, in this book, to make it clear. I
can however, sometimes demonstrate it to students, when
we can be together. It is a skill that can be learned but can-

not be easily taught. I’m sure you will find that this skill de-
velops, as you gain more experience. Therefore, I suggest
that, until and unless you know for sure, that you have devel-
oped this skill, you should ask the patient for feedback as to
when you’ve contacted the Qi.
Acupuncture
33. There are three basic types of needles:
a) Standard Acupuncture Needles
(1) Designed to be inserted for between a few seconds up to per-
haps an hour. Usually for 20 minutes.
(2) Needle Selection Considerations
(a) Ease of application and Insertion
(b) Degree of Painlessness
(c) Degree of Stimulation
i) Rotate / thrust etc.
(d) Personal Preference
(e) Electrical Conductivity
(f) Ability to feel and transmit Qi
(3) Variables
(a) Thickness
(b) Length
(c) Handle
i) Metal / Plastic
(4) AcuPractice Recommendation
(a) Seirin Brand Needles
i) Lhasa OMS 1-800-722-8775 www.lhasamedical.com
(b) 30mm # 3 = 36 gauge Chinese / 0.20mm
i) General Utility Needle (10 to 1)
ii) Blue Handle
(c) 40mm # 5 = 32 gauge Chinese / 0.25mm
i) Stronger Stimulation
ii) Deeper Points
(d) 60mm # 8 = 28 gauge Chinese / 0.30mm
i) Strongest Stimulation
ii) Deepest points
iii) Chinese Scalp Acupuncture

b) Bleeding Needles are used to extract a few drops of blood
from specific acupoints. Traditionally there were a few different
types of “triangular needles.” Today we use lancets, usually
with an auto-lancet device.
c) Retained Needles are small needles that are inserted and left
in place for times ranging between a few hours and a few days
(1) APS semi-permanent needles
(a) Stainless Steel, Gold, and Titanium
(2) Interdermal needles: 6mm #1
B. There are three basic Needling Techniques which are used to

achieve the effects of Tonification, Sedation, and Harmoniza-
tion. While there :are many techniques employed by practition-
ers to achieve these results, we will look at the basic approach
to each of them, which entails the amount and degree of stimu-
lation applied.
1. Harmonizing or Even Technique is used when balance is de-
sired, such as in the case of needling PC 6 to calm the Shen.
a) Moderate Stimulus
b) Moderate Thrusting
c) Moderate Rotation
2. Tonification, used when deficiencies are treated, such as
needling ST 36 for digestive weakness.
a) Mild Stimulus
b) Mild Thrusting
c) Minimal Rotation
3. Sedation is mainly used for treating stagnation. As such it’s
usually employed for painful and excess conditions, such as re-
leasing trigger points.
a) Strong Stimulus
b) Strong Thrusting
c) Great rotation
C. Needling Depths & Angles
1. Angle of Insertion
a) Usually Perpendicular to the Skin
b) Exceptions will be noted
2. Needling Depths

a) Avoid Organs and Blood Vessels
b) Consider the Underlying Structure
c) Usually into the middle of the muscle under the point
d) Usually between ¼ and ¾ inch deep
D. Electro-Acupuncture (EA)
1. Introduction
a) First used in the 1950s
2. How does it Work?
a) Electrical signals travel to the Brain or Spinal Cord and encour-
age the production of Hormones and Neurotransmitters.
3. Often Used For
a) Acute & Chronic Pain (55%-85% success rate)
b) Traumatic Injury
c) Paralysis
d) Surgical Anesthesia
4. Two Types of Electro -Acupuncture
a) Microamps aka Microcurrent
(1) Much Less stimulation
(2) Function on a cellular level
(3) Microcurrent is not covered in this book.
b) Milliamps
(1) Standard Electro Acupuncture
(2) The following material covers Millamp Electro-Acupuncture
c) Machines
(1) Quality Considerations
(2) Expense
(3) Precise Frequency and Intensity Adjustments
(4) Number of Channels
d) AcupuncturePoint Detection / Elect. Stim.
e) Quality of Biphasic Wave
f) Recommended Machines
(1) Pointer Excel II
(a) Non-Invasive Millamp Stimulation
(b) Acupuncture Point Detection
(c) Relatively Inexpensive
(d) Works well
(2) E-Stim II
(a) Milliamp & Microamp

(b) 2 Channels
(c) Inexpensive
(d) Works Well
(3) ITO IC 1107
(a) Milliamp Only
(b) 3 Channels
(c) Moderately Priced
(d) Works Very Well
(4) Pantheon
(a) Milliamp and Microamp
(b) 4 Channels
(c) Higher Price
(d) Works Very Well
g) User Interface
(1) On/Off Switch
(2) Intensity Controls
(a) Click Off Before Turning Unit On
(b) Reliability May be Dependent on Battery
(c) Some Machines are Very Sensitive
(d) Always turn up SLOWLY
(e) Turn Intensity to Zero Before Switching any other controls
(3) Usually 3- 4 Channels (Output Jacks)
(4) (+) (-) Switches
(5) Intensity Multiplier
(6) Frequency Multiplier
(7) Frequency Modulation Controls
(8) Visual freq. Indicator Light
(a) Continuous
(b) Constant Hz
(c) each pulse follows the preceding one
i) //////////////////////
(d) Discontinuous
i) Irregularly Irregular
ii) Constant Hz / Random Time Slots
iii) //////-------//////////--------//////----------------///
(e) Dense - Disperse
i) Varying Set c/s / Random Time Slots
ii) / / / / ////////// / / / / / / //////////// / / / //////
(9) Acupuncture Point Detection

(a) Pros & Cons
5. EA Principles
a) Neural messages are sent to Brain or Spinal Cord and Neuro-
chemicals or Hormones are released
b) Spinal Cord Stimulation
(1) Local AA effect, only
(2) Stimulates Spinal Chord Reflex Arc Only
(3) Enkephalin & dynorphin
(4) NO Circulating Beta Endorphin production
c) Midbrain / Hypothalamus / Pituitary Stimulation
(1) Systemic effect
(2) Similar to Da Qi Needle Stimulation
(3) Including Acupuncture Anesthesia (AA) at a distance
(4) enkephalin, serotonin, & norepinephrine
(5) Increased Hormonal Stimulation
(6) Circulating Beta-Endorphin released into Blood & CSF
d) Pulse
(1) Pulse Width
(a) 0.1-1.0 ms - microseconds
(2) Pulse Strength
(a) 2.5-5.0 mA - milliamps
(3) Biphasic Pulse
(a) Imperfectly Matched Biphasic Pulses lead to the area where
the Black (-) clip is placed, experiencing more stimulation(pain)
e) Intensity
(1) Low Intensity
(a) At threshold of M. contraction
(b) Observable M.(or needle) movement
(c) May be useful for tonification
(2) High Intensity
(a) 5-10 times the threshold for M. contraction
(b) Intense M. Contractions
(3) Gradually increase every 5 min. for 30 min. until intense M.
contractions are observed if necessary
f) Frequency
(1) Low Frequency
(a) Individual M. Contractions
(b) 1-4 Hz
(c) Midbrain / Hypothalamus / Pituitary Stimulation

(2) High Frequency
(a) Tetanic M. Contraction
(b) 50 Hz or Greater
(c) Spinal Cord Stimulation Only
6. EA Treatments
a) Needles
b) choose a heavy gauge (# 5-8)
(1) Finer needle = greater resistance
c) Pair in areas of EQUAL sensitivity
(1) face to face
(2) Skin Nerves
(3) hand to arm
(4) Deep M. Nerves
d) High Frequency / Low Intensity
(1) No Cumulative Effect
(2) Spinal Cord Only
(3) Intensive Local Anesthesia
(4) Short onset
e) Low Frequency / High Intensity
(1) Longer lasting Cumulative Effect
(2) Midbrain & Hypothalamus-Pituitary
(3) Systemic Effect
7. EA Contraindications
a) Note: Amer. Assoc. for Medical Instrumentation recommends
levels below 250 mA @ 1.0 ms across the heart (arm to arm).
This is 50 - 100 times higher than EA. devices generally deliver
(2.5 -5.0 mA @ 1.0 ms)
b) No EA. W/ Pacemakers (Nat. Exam)
c) FDA bans EA on Head
d) No EA stim over Neck
e) STRONG EA stim in spastic Muscles
f) No EA Crossing the Heart
g) In Pregnancy
(1) No EA Around Fetus
(2) No EA on Strong Moving Points
(3) No EA Below Bl23
h) Do not shine laser through pupils when treating around eyes
i) No laser to fontanels of infants
(1)

8. Patients may experience the same side-effects as with nee-
dles, such as needle sickness, dizziness, fainting, nausea,
tiredness, headache, change in the site or degree of pain
E. Laser Acupuncture
1. Low Level Laser Therapy / LLLT
2. Recommended Laser for Acupuncture Treatment
a) Class III Lasers
b) Wavelength
(1) Prime determinant of tissue penetration.
c) Areas of thick skin or¬†muscle may require higher doses for
penetration than¬†finer skin areas e.g. ear.
d) Lasers which penetrate less deeply / suitable for acupuncture
point stimulation and biostimulation.
e) 630 - 680nm (nanometers) visible, coherent, bright red
f) 1.5mW - 5 mW
(1) up to 10 mW are available
g) A minimum of 1mw and 10-12seconds are required to produce
any sort of reaction
h) HeNe (Helium Neon) gas or Diode
i) Should shine @ 65 feet in a well lit room, 300 feet in a dark
room
3. Use the same rules of point selection as needle acupuncture
a) Energetics
(1) Moving
(2) Perhaps Warming
b) Trigger points/snap signs release
c) To promote healing
d) Wounds: ulcers, burns, pressure sores
e) Skin infections such as herpes zoster
f) Enhancing effect on healing wherever inflammation is present
F. Moxa
1. Actions
a) Warms
(1) Body
(2) Meridians
(3) Limbs
(4) Uterus
b) Expels Cold & Damp

c) Revives Dying Yang
d) Invigorates/Moves Qi & Blood
e) Regulates Qi & Blood
f) Opens The 12 Primary Channels
g) Repairs Traumatized Tissue
2. Indications
a) Pain
b) Cold
c) Deficient Yang
d) Stagnation
(1) Qi
(2) Blood
(3) Phlegm
3. Procedure
a) Treat Upper Body before Lower Body
b) Head & Body before Extremities
4. Cautions & Contraindications
a) Not on Upper Body W/ Heat
b) Pregnancy
(1) Not Direct
(2) Not Near Fetus
(3) Not on Moving Points
c) No Direct
(1) Cv14, 15
(2) Ht
(3) Face - Hands
(4) Scar
(5) Bl1
(6) St1
(7) St9
5. Methods of Use
a) Always Explain Procedure To Pt.
b) Make sure the Patient Is In Control of the amount of heat she
can tolerate.
c) ‚”Hot” is the Operative Term
6. Indirect Moxa
a) Tonifys Spleen & Kidney Qi & Yang
b) Warm Uterus
c) Strengthen Digestion

d) Most Painful Conditions especially those associated with Cold.
e) Seirin MoxSafe Smokeless Moxa System
(1) AcuPractice Seminars Recommended system for using indirect
moxa
f) Pole / Roll
(1) Straight vs. With Other Herbs
(2) Bird Pecking / Warming Technique
(3) Touch Pt. With Finger
(4) Do Not Move the pole around
(5) Hold 0.5 To 4 Inches Away
(6) To Disperse hold pole close: 0.5 “- 1.0” away form the skin
(7) To Tonify hold pole at least 2.2 inches away
(a) The Object of the technique is to increase blood circulation to
the area, NOT to scorch the skin.
(b) This Takes Time
(c) 8-10 minutes minimum per point
g) Tiger Warmer
(1) Milder odor than regular moxa Pole
(2) Two Sizes Small and Large (Lion Warmer)
h) Belly Bowl
(1) Well suited for Digestive and GYN disorders
i) Loose Moxa
(1) Moxa Instrument
(2) Moxa on Ginger
(3) Moxa on Salt
(a) Special For CV8
7. Direct Moxa
a) AcuPractice Recommendation: Purchase Pre-rolled Direct
Moxa (small size)
8. Treat Moxa Burn
a) Blister
b) Use Standard Western Medical Treatment for Burns
c) Cover W/ Sterile Dressing
d) If the burn is severe or becomes infected, seek specialized
Western medical attention.
e) Antibiotic ointment, if any
G. TDP Lamp
1. Interesting Read on Wikipedia

2. Western Theory
a) USFDA Class II:Class of devices approved by the FDA for tem-
porary relief from pain and arthritis
b) Far Infrared (below visible light) Heating Device
c) Increase Microcirculation
d) Loosens Fascia
e) Accelerate Natural Healing Processes
3. Oriental Theory
a) Therapeutic substitute for moxibustion
b) Reported to be the only mechanical device that can add Qi to
the body
4. Application
a) Bare skin exposure with the lamp positioned 12-18¬†inches
from the body
b) 15 - 30 minutes
c) Replaceable Mineral Plate
(1) Proprietary formula of 33 trace elements
(2) Estimated life of 1000 - 1500 hours.
(3) When the mineral plate looks ash grey, it is time to replace it.
5. Dr. Jim’s Experience
a) Everyone should have and use TDP Lamps, but they are not
exactly moxa
b) Replaces Moxibustion for:
(1) Warming
(2) Moving QI & Blood
(3) Repairing Traumatized Tissue
(4) Can Tonify Somewhat, when used together with Spray Moxa
H. Gua Sha & Cupping
1. Definitions:
a) Gua Sha: Scraping of the skin with a Blunt Instrument to re-
lease congestion in the exterior
b) Cupping: Stationary or Moving Suction Cups applied to the skin
to help bring stagnation to the surface, and release it.
2. Gua Sha
a) Scraping of the skin with a blunt instrument
b) Similar to Graston Technique
c) Often Causes Some Bruising
d) Actions

(1) Stubborn Pain or Congestion with Sha‚Äù
(2) Especially for upper and mid-back pain
e) ”Sha” or Evidence of significant bruising from Guasha
(1) evidence of stagnation plus
(2) blanching upon palpation
f) Traditional Indications
(1) Reduce fever
(2) Cough and dyspnea
(3) Muscle and tendon injuries
(4) Benefits circulation
(5) Headache
(6) Sunstrokes
(7) Stiffness
(8) Pain
(9) Immobility
(10) Digestive disorders
(11) Urinary disorders
(12) Gynecological disorders
(13) To assist with reactions to food poisoning
g) Procedure
(1) Lubricate
(2) Instrument
(3) Gua Sha Instrument
(4) Porcelain Spoon
(5) Smooth Coin
(6) Apply Gua Sha till Sha Appears
(7) Follow with Indirect Moxa
(8) to inhibit cold entering
h) Recommendations for Post- Gua Sha Patient Behavior
(1) Immediately Post Tx.: Indirect Moxa/ TDP Lamp over entire
area treated
(2) Keep area Warm and Covered for 12 -24 hr.
(3) 48 - 72 hr. Avoid Excessive consumption of
(a) Flour Products/Baked Goods
(b) Greasy/Fried Foods
(c) Excessive Dairy (esp. cold)
(d) A little alcohol may be helpful in some cases
3. Cupping

a) Stationary or Moving Suction Cups Applied to the Surface of
the Skin
b) AcuPractice Seminars Recommendation: Silicone Cups
c) Often Causes Some Bruising
d) Indications
(1) Lungs
(2) Upper & Mid-back Pain, Tension & Tightness
(3) Low Back - Sciatica
e) Procedure
(1) Lubricate Skin
(2) Apply Cups
f) Stationary Cups
g) Leave in place for @ 20 minutes
h) Moving Cups
(1) Pressure on Trailing Edge
(2) Follow Natural Qi Flow
(3) Think of it as a Cup Massage‚ or Cupping Gua Sha
i) Recommendations for Post- Cupping Patient Behavior
(1) Same as for Gua Sha
II.Needle Technique Demo / Practice Session

A. Ideally all participants in hands-on classes should practice
needling at least each of the following points.
B. Hands & Feet
1. LI 4, LR 3
2. SJ 5, GB 41
3. PC 6, SP 4
4. LU 7, KD 6
5. SI 3, UB 62
C. Back:
1. Du 4
2. UB 23
3. Hua Tou Jia Ji Points
D. Leg & Arm
1. St 36
2. Sp 6
3. KD 3
4. LI 14
5. LI 15

E. Hip & Waist
1. GB 26
2. GB 30
F. Head
1. Du 20
2. Tai Yang
3. Yin Tang
4. St 6
5. GB 14
G. Abdomen / Lower Warmer
1. St 30
2. Ren 2
3. KD 16
4. Ren 12
3.

4. Points & Meridians: The Raw Ingredients
Many of the most popular acupuncture points have multiple uses.
Many of these points can be added to almost any treatment, for
varied conditions. You will see these ubiquitous points show up in
many different point prescriptions. Again, like in a cookbook, if you
are in the baking section, you will see flour, sugar, salt, butter, etc.
show up time and time again, but in different proportions and used
in different ways to get various results. Similarly, you will see many
of the same points again and again when treating similar problems
like pain, or disorders of the head & neck, or digestive disorders.
There are many good and exhaustive resources on the acupunc-

ture points, and it is not my aim to repeat that information here. ( i.e.
the Manual of Acupuncture App.) To keep emphasis on the most
clinically useful material, I focus on the pathways of the Yang
acupuncture meridians, and describe the locations and use for the
points I find most useful, and which I commonly use. I also discuss
these points and point combinations in the treatment many disor-
ders.
Therefore, the lists of points by meridian are not complete nor is

this an oversight or misprint. I have included only the points from
each category that I have found to be particularly useful. I expect
you will supplement this material with information from other
sources, and from your own experience.
Meridian Overview
12 Primary Meridians: (AKA 14 Main Meridians) There are 12
Main Meridians which compose the Central Supporting Structure of
the Meridian System. Most all the other meridians are in someway
associated with these channels, and usually follow these pathways.
Each of these meridians is associated with an Organ, and each
meridian is found bilaterally. For instance: The Large Intestine
Meridian is found on both arms, beginning at the tip of the index fin-

ger and ending in the nasolabial groove. There is also a circadian
flow of Qi through these meridians that follows the 6 Divisions, and
the Horary Cycle.
Each of the 12 Main Meridians has it’s own Acupuncture Points lo-
cated along its pathway. In addition, 2 of the 8 Extraordinary Merid-
ians also have their own acupuncture points. There are therefore,
14 Meridians with discreet acupuncture points.
All the other meridians share points from these 14.
It might be good to again be reminded here that Yin meridians and

their points are used mainly in relation to the Organs, and so treat
more internal disorders. The Yang meridians, on the other
hand, are used for more surface disorders, and will be employed
principally in the treatment of pain syndromes, or other symp-
toms that appear along the path of the meridian itself.
12 Sinew Meridians (AKA Tendino-Muscular Meridians) circu-

late on the periphery of the body, and do not penetrate to the
Zang/Fu or Organs. Therefore they are primarily used to treat acute
and chronic musculoskeletal and neurological syndromes that in-
clude pain, tension, tightness, and various forms of paralysis and
paresthesias. These meridians are associated with, and take their
names from the twelve primary channels.
They originate at the extremities (Jing-Well Points) and broadly fol-
low the course of their associated primary channels. However, they
are wider, and tend to follow the lines of major muscles and muscle
groups, tendons & ligaments, expanding the influence of the pri-
mary meridians when treating muscles, tendons, and joints.
12 Divergent Meridians connect with and follow the course of their

associated primary channels paired channels. Divergent meridians
run deeper than Primary Meridians, and govern the inside of the
body. they are distributed on the Chest, Abdomen and Head, and
extend the areas of influence of main meridians to these areas.Fo
instance: The Divergent Channel of the Liver Meridian, extends the

liver Meridian’s influence to the Head, despite the fact that the pri-
mary meridian only reaches from the foot to the chest.
12 Skin Regions / Channels Follow the pathways of and are re-

lated to the Main Meridians, and they help to explain Dx & Tx via
the skin.
15 Luo Connecting Channels are made up of one small branch-

ing channel for each of the 12 primary channels, one each for the
Ren & Du, and one for the Great Luo of the Spleen, They spread Qi
from the Luo-connecting point of their own channel to connect with
their paired channel. For instance Large Intestine 6 (luo pt) con-
nects to Lung 7 (luo pt.) After joining with their paired channel they
usually continue to follow their own pathways.
The 8 Extraordinary Meridians

I believe that these are the most powerful points on the human
body. These points are the ones that affect some of the deepest
and most primal energies of the body. If one looks at the actions
and effects of these points and then couples them with the energet-
ics of the Extraordinary Meridians they are truly “Extraordinary
Points.” I choose from them first in almost all of my treatments,
whether I am treating pain or internal disorders. Also, I often sim-
ply choose from these “Extraordinary Points” for their actions, ener-
getic and/or effects. I will address the uses of the Extraordinary
Meridians more extensively in a later chapters.
Master Point Coupled Point Extraordinary Meridian
SI3 BL62 Du Mai

Lu7 Ki6 Ren Mai
GB41 TW5 Dai Mai

Sp4 P6 Chong Mai
BL62 SI3 Yang Chiao Mai
Ki6 Lu7 Yin Chiao Mai
TW5 GB41 Yang Wei Mai
P6 Sp4 Yin Wei Mai
Master Point Action / Energetic / Effect
SI3 Any Back Pain, Posterior Shoulder Pain

Lu7 Circulates Fluids and Qi in the Head and Neck
GB41 Soothe the Liver and Gall Bladder
Discomfort in the Waist, Hips, Intestines &
Pelvic Region
Sp4 Digestive Disorders
Lower Abdominal Discomfort
BL62 Most Back Pain
Ki6 Strengthens the Kidneys
SJ5 Calms the Spirit (Shen)
Expels Pathogens
P6 Abdominal Discomfort
Calms the Spirit

Dr. Jim’s Tai Ji Treatment
This isn’t really a point category, but these four points are so pow-
erful when used together, that I consider them a category in and of
themselves. A “Tai Ji” or “Great Ultimate” Treatment is one that
accomplishes many objectives, in many different patients, and is
used often to balance a patient, before or in lieu of, focusing on in-
dividual complaints. This particular Tai Ji Treatment is my fa-
vorite method for Harmonizing the Liver and Heart, which can
be a very powerful method for calming the Shen/Mind/Spirit and
freeing up many physical energies in the body. It uses three Extra-
ordinary Meridian Master Points together with Liver 3. I use it reg-
ularly on patients to harmonize the Qi prior to beginning a more in-
dividualized treatment. I discovered this treatment quite by acci-
dent. I originally learned it (I thought) from my teacher, Kiko Mat-
sumoto, and found myself using it more and more frequently on
many different patients. The results were so profound that some 5
or 6 years later I ran into Kiko and mentioned how useful this treat-
ment was. I was surprised when Kiko informed me that I had got-
ten it wrong. I had “heard” LR 3, when she said “SP 4.” After get-
ting over my embarrassment, I realized how glad I was that I had
mis-heard. I know that over the years, a lot of my patients, and pa-
tients of my students have benefited from my “mistake.”
Needle-on-the-LEFT Needle-on-the-RIGHT
P6 LR3
GB41 SJ5
To enhance the calming effect of this treatment, I often add Yin

Tang, and the Auricular points: Liver, Heart and Shen Men.
Points Overview

Acupuncture Points are often located in hollows or natural depres-
sions on the surface of the body. With some practice one can easily
palpate for most of the common acupuncture points.
Needling Depths: For most points needles are inserted between

0.25-1.0 inch (cun), in many cases needling into the middle of the
muscle that is located below the point. Exceptions will be noted. Of
course, one must always keep the anatomy in the area of the point
in mind, to avoid needling into blood vessels, organs, and other
sensitive structures.
Needle Directions: Needles are usually inserted perpendicular to

the skin, Exceptions will be noted
Points are usually described as having both “indications” (individual

symptoms treated: i.e. headaches)
and “actions” (energetic uses: i.e. clears heat)
Body Measurements and General Point Location

The “Cun” is known as the personal inch. Based on the
width of the patient’s thumb, it is the standard measurement for lo-
cating points. For instance: PC 6 is located two cun proximal to the
wrist crease between the the tendons of palmaris longus and flexor
carpi radialis. Two cun equals 2 times the width of the patient’s
thumb.
General Comments On AcuPoints

Every practitioner of acupuncture has his or her own favorite points,
and knows that there are some points that he/she has found that
work best. Of course my point choice is based on my experience.
When I look at the categories of points, I find that the actions that
are associated with them are more applicable to some points,
within the category, than other points. So the following lists of
points have been edited by my personal experience.
This is by no means meant to discount the experience of other

practitioners and teachers. There are many acupuncture practition-
ers who I know, love, and respect, who use different points and

techniques from those I generally choose and teach. I can only
teach what I know, works. You’ll have to get information on other
effective points and techniques from other teachers. Eventually
you’ll discover what points and techniques work best for you and
your patients.
Let me say just a few words about Points Below the Knees and
Elbows. I like them. The most powerful points on the body are
usually found from the knees and the elbows down. I don’t mean
to indicate that the other body points are not powerful, they are, but
I always seem to get better results with the arm and leg points.
Now, please remember that I often use other points, like Front Mu
and Back Shu points as well as Scalp and Ear points, but I often
use them secondarily to the Points Below the Knees and Elbows.
Before we examine the meridians and their main points, let’s look
at some of the categories of points and how they may be used.
Classic Point Categories Table

This table contains most of the classic point categories, and is what
one might use to study for a national exam in acupuncture. Each of
these categories have specific uses.
YIN Jing Ying Shu Jing He Sea Yuan Xi Luo Back Front
Meridian WellSpring Stream River Water Source Cleft Shu Mu
Wood Fire Earth Metal UB
LU 11 10 9 8 5 9 6 7 13 LU 1
SP 1 2 3 5 9 3 8 4 20 LR 13
HT 9 8 7 4 3 7 6 5 15 Ren 14
KD 1 2 3 7 10 3 5 4 23 GB 25
PC 9 8 7 5 3 7 4 6 14 Ren 17
LR 1 2 3 4 8 3 6 5 18 LR 14

YANG Jing Ying Shu Jing He Sea Yuan Xi Luo Back Front
Meridian Well Spring Stream River Earth Source Cleft Shu Mu
Metal Water Wood Fire UB
LI 1 2 3 5 11 4 7 6 25 ST 25
ST 45 44 43 41 36 42 34 40 21 Ren 12
SI 1 2 3 5 8 4 6 7 27 Ren 4
UB (BL) 67 66 65 60 40 64 63 58 28 Ren 3
SJ (TW) 1 2 3 6 10 4 7 5 22 Ren 5
GB 44 43 41 38 34 40 36 37 19 GB 24
One might reasonably assume that all the points in each of the
above listed categories are effective as categorized. However, in
my experience, that’s not always the case. The rest of this chapter
contains commentaries on what I’ve found to be the more effective
acupuncture points, drawn from the above categories together with
other clinically important categories, including the Extraordinary
Meridian Points, the Controlling Points and a few others.
Controlling Points
Again, while this not a classic category, these are points and com-
binations that are useful additions to any point prescription associ-
ated with the area in question. You may not find all of these listed
in other books, but they all work well.
LI 4 & LR 3: Pain Anywhere in the Body

LI 4 & LU 7: Most any condition of the Head, Neck, Face, & Mouth
ST 36: Controls Digestion & Tonifys Qi
P 6: Controls the Chest to Navel Area & Calms Restlessness
UB 40: Low Back Pain
SJ 5: Controls the Hand

SJ 3: Controls the Ear
LR 3: Commands & Moves Liver QI & Blood, Relaxes Tendons
GB 26: Commands the Hips & Lower Warmer
Hua Tuo Jia Ji Points

A series of points 0.5 - .75 cun lateral each interspinous space),
these points can influence any problem associated with the nerves
exiting at the level of the spine where the point is located. Think
about dermatomes as well as internal influences. These points are
extremely effective at releasing the paraspinal muscles.
Yuan Source Points
The Source points of the Yin Meridians can always be added to

a point prescription to affect the Organ being treated. I’m not
sure the Yang Meridian Source points work all that well, but the Yin
ones surely do. I believe that these points are probably the best
points for affecting the basic Yin and Yang energies of the Organ,
especially of the Yin Organs. When it comes to tonifying Qi, Xue,
Yin or Yang, I’ve found the Yuan Source Points to be more power-
ful than the Back Shu Points or Du Points, with the possible excep-
tions of UB 23 & Du4
Ht 7: A very good point for tonifying Heart Yin, however I of-

ten use PC 6 in it’s place. I like Ht 7 for difficulty sleeping
from Ht Yin Xu (Deficiency) and Heart Xue Xu.
PC 7: While this is a good point, I generally use PC 6 in it’s

place, and PC 8 for dream disturbed sleep.
Lu 9: tonifies the Qi of the Lungs. The Lungs are the “Mas-

ter of Qi.” Without their proper functioning the Qi cannot be
utilized.
Sp 3, Liv 3, and Kid 3: I use these points to tonify their re-

spective Organs. In fact, I often use them together as an al-
ternative to SP 6

Five Element Points
When considering points from the Five Element classification I find
that the Fire points and the Water points are just about the only
ones I regularly choose from for their Element correlation. There
are of course a number of effective ways to use the Five Element
points to construct effective treatments based on the Sheng (Cre-
ative) and Ko (Controlling) Cycles, but as I said earlier, that topic is
beyond the scope of this book. I use both the Fire and Water
points to cool heat in their respective meridians or organs. When
needling the Fire points I almost always obtain a strong stimulus to
disperse heat.
Fire Points
LR 2: is quite effective for reducing heat in both the Liver
and the Gall Bladder. I use LR 2 as one of the principal
points when treating oral and/or genital herpes, as well as
shingles (herpes zoster) or any other LR/GB meridian heat.
Red burning eyes, and Headaches with associated heat,
also respond well to treatment with LR 2. I locate this point
just proximal to the margin of the web between the big toe
and the second toe. Needle it at a 45 o angle in the direction
of LR 3.
KD 2: is effective in treating burning urination and other

manifestations heat in the lower warmer. It is also very ef-
fective in treating heat along the Kidney and Urinary Bladder
meridians. Because of the close communication between
the Kidneys and the Lungs in water metabolism, KD 2 can
also be effective in treating hot skin conditions. I often com-
bine it with LR 2.
LU 10: This seems to me to be a quintessential Fire point.

For all hot Lung and skin conditions, this is the point of
choice. I often couple it with LU 11. I locate this point in an
unconventional way, and find that it is a very effective loca-
tion. This point is located in the center of the belly of the
thenar eminence. The point is needled toward the
metacarpal bone of the thumb. You will find that needling
this point in this way will result in a strong stimulus, and good
heat reduction.

Water Points
LU 5: is good for treating heat in the lungs, especially when
the heat is accompanied by cough.
KD 10: I use this point for treating heat from KD Yin Xu.
Tonification and Sedation Points
These are a subcategory of the Five element Points. While I don't

use them much in practice, some practitioners find them helpful.
They are commonly used for treatments based on electronic merid-
ian testing , and so I will address the basic idea. Based on the five
Element Production cycle (Wood> Fire> Earth> Metal> Water) The
Tonification Point of an Organ is its Mother Point, or point that im-
mediately precedes it’s Horary Point. For Instance: The Heart is
within the Fire Element, Wood comes immediately before Fire, so
the Wood Point (HT 9) is the Tonification Point.
The Sedation Point of an Organ is its Child Point, or point that im-
mediately follows it’s Horary Point. For Instance: The Heart is
within the Fire Element, Earth comes immediately after Fire, so the
Earth Point (HT 7) is the Sedation Point.
Horary Points
The Horary Points are also a subcategory of the Five Elements

points. They are the points that are associated with the Associated
Element of each Organ. For instance: The Heart is associated with
the Fire Element. Therefore the Fire Point on the Heart Meridian
(HT 8) is the Horary Point for the Heart.
Xi Cleft Points
Xi Cleft Points are traditionally used to treat pain along the pathway
of their respective meridians. For instance: Large Intestine 7 is the
Xi Cleft Point for the Large Intestine and therefore should treat pain
along the pathway of the Large Intestine Meridian. I haven’t found
them particularly useful in clinic, however many practitioner seem-
ingly have.

Five Shu (Transport) Points
I love the imagery created by the Five Shu Points:
The Qi lies deep but is assessable, like water in a

well, at the Jing-Well. (@ finger and toe tips)
At the Ying-Spring the Qi bubbles to the surface.
The Qi gathers and begins to flow at the Shu-
Stream.
Force gathers and the Qi flows with vitality through
the Jing-River.
The Qi is flowing and moving as well as integrating
as it forms the He Sea. (@ knees and elbows)
The Jing Well Points are at the tips of the fingers and toes, where
the QI of each meridian is highly individuated. As we move though
the Ying Spring, Shu Stream, and Jing River points, we proceed
proximally up the limb arriving at the knees and elbows and the He
Sea points, where the Qi is more internal and less individuated.
That said, I find that the Jing-Well points are the main ones I
choose for their Shu-point effects. But I use them all the time.
When treating pain, I find that expressing a few drops of blood
from the Jing-Well point of the effected meridian can be one of
the most effective parts of the initial treatment.
Luo Points
The distribution of the effects of the Luo Points covers a multitude

of areas over the body. With the exception of SP 21, I really only

use P 6 and LR 5 for these purposes, as explained above. Sp 21 is
the Great Luo, and will help to restore a healthy sense of comfort,
symmetry and balance in the body. For instance it might help to re-
store proper proprioception, in an individual with post-stroke syn-
drome.
Meeting or Influential Points
The Qi Meets at CV 17: I use this point to move the Qi of the Chest
and Upper Warmer. Always needle this point from superior to
inferior at an oblique angle. Strong stimulation of this point is
forbidden. I always needle it with a gentle stimulation, but I like to
get the Qi to move slightly down toward the belly.
The Hollow Organs Meet at CV 12: This is a very good point to

harmonize digestion and assimilation.
The Pulse Meets at Lu 9: Again, the Lungs are the Master of Qi. If
the pulse is weak, consider the Lungs, and LU 9 is especially good
for generating Qi, which in turn generates the pulse.
The Nerves and/or Tendons Meet at GB 34: It is a good point for

treating tightness and tension in the muscles and tendons. It is es-
pecially useful for tension and tightness along the course of the Gall
Bladder meridian and in the mid-to-upper back and neck. I locate
and needle this point deeper, and in a slightly different direction,
than most sources suggest. Begin at the junction of the heads of
the tibia and the fibula. Palpate below the junction into the deep
depression that is about 1.5 Cun distal to the junction. This is the
insertion point. Using a needle that is long enough, insert at about
a 30o – 45o angle so that the needle contacts the point, which lies
under the junction of the heads of the femur and the tibia.
The Bones Meet at BL 11: Include it in treatments of broken

bones, osteoporosis and osteoarthritis and other bone disorders.
The Back Shu (Associated) Points

While I don’t use many of the Back Shu Points, those I use, I use
regularly. They are sometimes the points I use when choosing
points to treat the root of a dermatome. However, just as often as
not, I will choose one of the Hua To Jia Ji Points rather than the
Back Shu Points. The Hua To Jia Ji Points are found on line
with the Back Shu points, but only 0.5cun from the inter-spi-
nus space. Many practitioners use these in place of the Back Shu
points because they can be needled perpendicular to the skin and
much deeper than Back Shu Points, and they release the
paraspinal muscles very well.
UB 11 the Back Shu Point of the Bones: As mentioned above,

this point is very good for helping with bone-knitting after a break,
or any other bone disorders.
UB 13 the Back Shu Point of the Lung: This point is very good
for pain and congestion in the lungs. I have found cupping at UB
13 to be helpful in quelling asthma attacks and relieving shortness
of breath.
UB 18 the Back Shu Point of the Liver: A good point for moving
Liver Qi Stagnation. I mainly use it when there is tension, tightness
and pain in the mid and upper back.
UB 23 the Back Shu Point of the Kidney: Very good point for low
back pain due to Kidney Qi, Yin or Yang Xu (deficiency). It is espe-
cially effective when used with Du 4 and combined with Moxa.
UB 29 the Back Shu Point of the Sacrum: Another good point I

commonly use for lower back pain.

The Front Mu (Alarm) Points
The Front Mu Points are points that are particularly well suited for
treating the internal Organs. Like Back Shu Points, I don’t use
many of them, but the ones I use, I use often.
Ren 12 the Front Mu Point of the Stomach is very useful when

treating Stomach disharmonies and pain.
Ren 17, the front Mu of the Pericardium, & Liver 14, the front
Mu of the Liver, are both good points to treat when there is con-
striction, pain or discomfort in the chest or ribcage. I always com-
bine them with Pericardium 6.
Stomach 25 the front Mu of the Large Intestine is useful when

there is discomfort in the abdomen with constipation, diarrhea, or
any gripping pain in the abdomen. Combine this point with Stom-
ach 36, Pericardium 6, and Urinary Bladder 25.
Ren 3 the front Mu of the Bladder can be quite helpful in treating

burning urination, frequent or difficult urination. Combine this point
with Kidney 2 or 3, and Stomach 29 or 30.
Trigger Points aka Ah Shi Points
Last but certainly not least are the points that are most commonly
used in the treatment of pain. I’m convinced that Ah Shi points (lo-
cally tender) and Trigger Points are the same phenomena. In the
same manner that I’m using “acupuncture” to refer to all needling,
I’ll just use the term “Trigger Point” in this text to refer to all points
found by palpation, including Ah Shi Points. As far back as the
classics, these points were discussed and their use described.

However, I will offer one piece of advice. Whenever possible, find a
point that is a recognized acupuncture point or Trigger Point. This
is not hard; careful palpation moving slowly out from the painful,
tight, and or tender areas, along muscle and/or meridian pathways
will usually reveal Trigger Points that have been previously recog-
nized. If you spend a bit of time pursuing these points you will be
rewarded with better results then just needling the first tender point
you find.
The Main Meridians & Their Major Points

I’m only listing the most common points I use. As mentioned
above, there are a lot more good and useful points.
The first two meridians I will consider are, the Du Meridian, and the
Ren Meridian. Technically they belong to the Eight Extraordinary
Meridians, and are not main meridians. However, while they have
special significance, they also function like main meridians, in that
the Ren and Du have their own points. The other 6 Extraordinary
Meridians share points from other meridians.
Once again you may notice that the points on Yang Meridians tend
to treat pain along the pathway of the meridian, and those on the
Yin Meridians tend to treat more internal disorders.

Du Meridian “Governing Vessel”
The pathway of the Du Meridian runs from the perineum, up
through the middle of the spine, over the head, and ends at the up-
per lip. All points are on the posterior midline of the body. It is the
most Yang meridian on the body. Since Yang Meridians are often
used to treat disorders along the pathway of the meridian, the Du is
important, for treating any and all disorders of the back and specifi-
cally the spine.

Point Location Main Uses
Du 1: Midway between the tip of Hemorrhoids; Rectal or Other
the coccyx and the anus Prolapse; Rectal Bleeding
Du 2: On the hiatus of the sacrum Sacral and Coccyx Pain
Du 4: With the patient in the prone Controlling Point for Lower

position, it’s in the deepest Back and KD; All Lower Back
hollow in the low back. Be- Problems, Especially Weak-
low the spinous process of ness;
the 2nd lumbar vertebrae Kidney Deficiency
Du 14: Below the spinous process Controlling Point for Neck &
of the 7th cervical vertebrae Upper Back; Pain,
Heat & Fevers in the Upper
Body; Releases Exterior; Toni-
fies Wei Qi
Du 20: On the midline of the head, Any Excess Disorders of the
approximately on the mid- Head; Any Prolapse In The
point of the line connecting Body; Connects with Brain;
the apexes of the two auri- Clears the Mind; Headache
cles
Du 25: At the tip of the nose Nasal/Sinus Congestion
Ren Meridian “Conception Vessel”

The pathway of the Ren Meridian runs from the perineum, up the
midline of the front of the body, ending just under the lower lip. All
its points are on the anterior midline of the body. It is also the most
Yin meridian on the body. Since Yin Meridians are often used to
treat internal disorders, the Ren is important, for treating many in-
ternal disorders and especially those associated with reproductive
function

Ren 2 On the midpoint of the upper Controlling Point for All GYN
border of the symphysis pu- and Urogenital Disorders
bis
Ren 4 On the midline of the ab- Tonify the Kidneys; All GYN
domen, 3 Cun below the um- & Urinary Disorders; Tonifies
bilicus Jing, Yang, Yin, & Qi
Ren 6 On the midline of the ab- Tonify the Spleen; Relieves
domen, 1.5 Cun below the Stagnation in Abdomen
umbilicus
Ren 8 In the center of the umbilicus Strengthen Digestion; Diar-
rhea; Yang Collapse
(No Needle - Moxa Only)
Ren 12 On the midline of the ab- Harmonize the Stomach; All
domen, 4 Cun above the Abdominal Problems
umbilicus
Ren 17 On the anterior midline, at Descends the Qi of the Chest
level with the 4th intercostal
space
Ren 22 In the center of the Throat and Swallowing Prob-
suprasternal fossa lems
Lung Meridian
The pathway of the Lung Meridian runs from the second intercostal
space, 2/3 the distance from the middle of the sternum to the
acromion process, down the anterior surface of the arm and ending
at the proximal radial corner of the nail of the thumb. Since Yin
Meridians are often used to treat internal disorders, the Lung Merid-
ian is important, for treating many internal disorders associated with
the Lungs. These include all respiratory disorders and symptoms
associated with colds and flus

LU 1 Lateral and superior to the Mu / Alarm Point of The Lungs:
sternum at the lateral side All Lung Disorders
of the 1st intercostal space,
6 Cun lateral to the midline
LU 5 On the cubital crease, on Strong, Productive Cough; Any

the radial side of tendon of Heat and/or Fullness in Lungs
m. biceps brachii, with the
elbow slightly flexed.
LU 7 Superior to the styloid Master Point of the Ren Mai;
process of the radius, 1.5 Controlling Point For Neck &
Cun above the transverse Throat; Circulates the Qi of The
crease of the wrist Lungs. Luo Point; Use with LI 4
for Headaches and OPIs
LU 9 At the radial end of the Source Point; Tonifies the
transverse crease of the Lungs; All Deficient Lung Prob-
wrist, in the depression on lems
the lateral side of the radial
artery.
LU 11 On the thumb, 0.1 Cun Jing Well Point: Clears Heat
proximal to the radial corner From The Lungs (Sore Throat,
of the nail. Tonsillitis, Etc); Moxa Opposite
Side For Nosebleeds
Large Intestine Meridian

The pathway of the Large Intestine Meridian runs from the proximal
radial corner of the index finger along the arm on the lateral border
of the radial bone to the top of the shoulder, crossing the SCM on
the neck to the lower border of the ala nsai, on the opposite side.
Since Yang Meridians are often used to treat disorders along the
pathway of the meridian, the Large Intestine is important, for treat-
ing any and all disorders of arm, neck and head.

LI 1 On the radial side of the index Jing Well Point: acute
finger, about 0.1 Cun proximal pain on the meridian;
to the corner of the nail Clears Heat from the
Head and throat; (sore
throat, tonsillitis, red burn-
ing eyes, etc)
LI 4 On the dorsum of the hand, be- Controlling point for
tween the 1st and 2nd Head and Face: Main
metacarpal bones, approxi- point for pain and other
mately in the middle of the 2nd excesses in the head
metacarpal bone on the radial neck and arm. OPIs;
side. CONTRAINDICATED IN
PREGNANCY
LI 5 On the radial side of the wrist. Good local point for pain
When the thumb is tilted up- in the thumb and area
ward, it is in the depression be-
tween the tendons of muscle
extensor pollicis longus and
brevis.
LI 11-12 Fever; elbow pain

Two points, best palpated for.
When the elbow is flexed, these
points are in and around the
area between the depression at
the lateral end of the transverse
cubital crease and a spot supe-
rior to the lateral epicondyle of
the humerus.
LI 14 Just superior to the lower end Deltoid and shoulder pain

of the deltoid muscle.
LI 15- Anterior and inferior to the
acromion, on the upper portion
of the deltoid muscle.

LI 16 When the arm is in full abduc-
tion, in the upper aspect of the Major points for shoulder
shoulder, in the depression be- joint pain
tween the acromial extremity of
the clavicle and scapular spine.
LI 17-18 Two points best palpated for. Good local points for
On the lateral side of the neck, throat and neck problems
about level with the tip of the
Adam's Apple, on the SCM.
LI 20 In the nasolabial groove, at the any nose problem, includ-

level of the midpoint of the lating nasal or sinus con-
eral border of the ala nasi. gestion; often used with
LI 4 and LU 7

Stomach Meridian
The Stomach meridian runs from the middle of the lower border of
the eye socket down to the outer corner of the mouth, back to the
mandible up to the corner of the hairline. It proceeds inferior along
the mid-clavicular line over the ribcage, moves closer to the mid-
line, and down to the upper border of the pubic bone. It travels
down the leg along a trajectory just lateral to the crest of the tibia,
ending at the proximal medial corner of the nail of second toe.
Since Yang Meridians are often used to treat disorders along the
pathway of the meridian, the Stomach meridian is important, for
treating any and all disorders of and eye, head, teeth, and leg

.

ST 3 Directly below the center of the
Sinus conditions; knee
eye, at the level of the lower bor-
pain
der of the ala nasi.
ST 4
Facial paralysis; trigem-
Lateral to the corner of the mouth, inal neuralgia; herpes;
directly below ST 3. mouth ulcers; gum
problems; tooth pain
ST 5 Anterior to the angle of the
mandible, on the anterior border lower jaw toothache
of the masseter muscle.
One finger-breadth anterior and
ST 6 superior to the lower angle of the
mandible where the masseter at- lower jaw toothache,
taches, at the prominence of the Bruxism
muscle when the teeth are
clenched.
ST 7
At the lower border of the zygo-
matic arch, in the depression an-
TMJ; upper jaw
terior to the condyloid process of
toothache
the mandible - located with mouth
slightly slack.
ST 8 .5 Cun within the anterior hairline
Frontal and band-like
at the corner of the forehead, 4.5
headaches
Cun lateral to GV 24.
ST 25
2 Cun lateral to the center of the any intestinal problems;
umbilicus. front mu of LI;
ST 28 3 Cun below the umbilicus, 2 Cun All GYN problems;
lateral to CV 4 damp heat in lower
ST 29 4 Cun below the umbilicus, 2 Cun warmeThese ar; genital
lateral to CV 3 herpes; leucorrhoea.
Cold and/or blood stag-

ST 30 5 Cun below the umbilicus, 2 Cun nation in lower
lateral to CV 2. warmer
ST 31
At the crossing point of the line
drawn down from the ASIS and
the line level with the lower border Strengthens and moves
of the pubic symphysis, in the de- the thigh and entire leg
pression on the lateral side of sar-
torius, when the thigh is flexed.
When the knee is flexed, point is xi cleft; acute breast
ST 34 2 Cun above the laterosuperior discomfort; knee pain/
border of the patella. weakness
When the knee is flexed, the point
is at the lower border of the
ST 35 knee joint problems
patella, in the depression lateral
to the patellar ligament.
ST 36 3 Cun below ST 35, one finger Controlling point for Di-
breadth lateral to the anterior gestion: All digestive
crest of the tibia problems; builds qi and
blood; regulates diges-
tion
8 Cun superior to the external
malleolus two fingers breadth lat- Helps resolve phlegm
ST 40
eral to the anterior crest of the anywhere in the body
tibia.
On the dorsum of the foot, at the
midpoint of the transverse crease
of the ankle, in the depression be-
Pain/ weakness and
tween the tendons of muscle ex-
ST 41 stiffness in the foot and
tensor digitorum longus and hallu-
ankle.
cis longus, approximately at the
level of the tip of the external
malleolus.
ST 44
Proximal to the web margin be- Clear heat from head,
tween the 2nd and 3rd toes. face, mouth and gums

ST 45
Jing Well Point: acute
On the lateral side of the 2nd
pain on the meridian;
toe, .1 Cun proximal to the corner
Clear heat from head,
of the nail.
face, mouth and gums
Spleen Meridian
The pathway of the Spleen Meridian runs from the proxi-
mal medial corner of the nail of the great toe along the
medial edge of the foot, up the leg following the posterior
border of the tibia. At the waist it runs parallel to the mid-
line, along the mid-clavicular line until it departs to end at
the mid-axillary line midway, between the axilla and the
free end of the 11th rib. Since Yin Meridians are often
used to treat internal disorders, the Spleen Meridian is im-
portant for treating many internal disorders associated
with the Spleen. These include all digestive disorders
and symptoms associated with fatigue, and dampness

SP 1 On the medial side of the
Jing Well Point: Moxa for
great toe, 0.1 Cun proximal
bleeding from deficiencies
to the corner of the nail.
SP 3 Proximal and inferior to the
head of the first metatarsal
Source Point: Tonifies SP
bone, at the junction of the
red and white skin.
SP 4 In the depression distal and
Master point of the Chong
inferior to the base of the
Mai, All menstrual disorders;
first metatarsal bone, at the
All gastric disorders; masses
junction of the red and white
in the abdomen
skin.
SP 6
strengthens SP, KD, yin, qi
3 Cun above the tip of the and blood; All GYN; moves
medial malleolus, on the the lower abdomen; calms
posterior border of the me- the mind; all reproductive is-
dial aspect of the tibia. sues CONTRAINDICATED
IN PREGNANCY
SP 9 On the lower border of the
condyle of the tibia, in the All damp disorders; A mildly
depression on the medial diuretic point
border of the tibia.
SP 21 Great Luo of the Spleen
On the mid-axillary line, mid-
Helps restore a healthy
way between the axilla and
sense of comfort, symmetry
the free end of the 11th rib.
and balance in the body

Heart Meridian

The pathway of the Heart Meridian runs from the middle of the ax-
illa, down the medial surface of the arm and ending at the proximal
radial corner of the nail of the pinky finger. Since Yin Meridians are
often
used
to
treat
inter-
nal
disor-
ders,
the
Heart
Meridian is important for treating disorders associated with the

Heart. These include all mental / emotional disorders and symp-
toms associated with sleep.

HT 1 When the arm is abducted,
the point is in the center of Seldom used. Deep needling
the axilla, on the medial can access m. subscapularis
side of the axillary artery.
HT 7 At the ulnar end of the
transverse crease of the Source Point: Most commonly
wrist, in the depression on used HT point all heart disor-
the radial side of the tendon ders. Nourishes the HT, Calms
of muscle flexor carpi ul- the Shen; relieves insomnia
naris.
HT 8
When the palm faces up-
ward, the point is between
tachycardia; heat in the Heart;
the 4th and 5th metacarpal
dream disturbed sleep, night
bones. When a fist is made,
terrors
the point is where the tip of
the little finger rests.
HT 9 On the radial side of the lit- Jing Well Point: extreme heat
tle finger, .1 Cun proximal to in the Heart; loss of conscious-
the corner of the nail. ness; tachycardia
Small Intestine Meridian

The pathway of the Small Intestine Meridian runs from the proximal
ulnar corner of the pinky finger, along the arm on the lateral border
of the ulnar bone, to the back of the shoulder, through the scapula,
up to the back of the neck past the ear, and ending lateral to the
eye. Since Yang Meridians are often used to treat disorders along
the pathway of the meridian, the Small Intestine is important for
treating any and all disorders along its pathway, especially around
the scapula and neck.

SI 1
On the ulnar side of the little Jing Well Point: acute pain on
finger, about .1 Cun proximal the meridian; mastitis; insuffi-
to the corner of the nail. cient lactation
SI 3 When a loose fist is made,
the point is on the ulnar side Controlling point for Spine:
of the hand, proximal to the Master Point of the DU Mai:
5th MP joint, at the end of the stiff neck; all back pain; stroke,
transverse crease at the MS, Turette’s and other wind
junction of the red and white disorders
and skin.
SI 6
When the palm faces the
chest, the point is in the bony xi cleft; pain in the meridian;
cleft on the radial side of the stiff neck; Shoulder pain
styloid process of the ulna.
SI 8
When the elbow is flexed, the
point is located in the depres-
local point for elbow pain/stiff-
sion between the olecranon
ness
of the ulna and the medial
epicondyle of the humerus.
SI 9 Posterior and inferior to the
shoulder joint. 1 Cun above
the posterior end of the axil-
local points for shoulder pain
lary fold.
and Range of Motion
SI 10 Directly above SI 9, in the de-
pression inferior to the
scapular spine.
SI 11 In the infrascapular fossa, at
the junction of the upper and
Most important local point for
middle third of the distance
the upper back, and scapular
between the lower border of
area
the scapular spine and the in-
ferior angle of the scapula.

SI 17 Posterior to the angle of the
mandible, in the depression local point for jaw, neck, and
on the anterior border of the ear
SCM.
SI 19 Anterior to the tragus and
posterior to the condyloid
benefits the hearing; jaw prob-
process of the mandible, in
lems
the depression formed when
the mouth is open.

Urinary Bladder Meridian
The Urinary Bladder Meridian runs from the medial inner canthus
over the head just lateral to the midline, down the side of the neck
where it separates into two pathways, running parallel to the mid-
line of the back. One pathway is located at the distance of the me-
dial border of the scapula, and the other is halfway between the
medial border of the scapula and the midline. At the sacrum the
meridian moves out to the buttocks and down to the center of
popliteal crease, and the back of the calf, to the ankle where it runs
just under the lateral maleoleous ending at the lateral proximal cor-
ner of the little toe. Since Yang Meridians are often used to treat
disorders along the pathway of the meridian, the Urinary Bladder is
important, for treating any and all disorders of back, and legs. This
meridian contains the “Back Shu Points.”

UB 1 0.1 Cun superior and
slightly medial to the in- Main Point for All eye problems
ner canthus
UB 2 on the medial end of the
Alternate point for all eye prob-
eyebrow, or on the
lems
supraorbital notch
UB 10 1.3 Cun lateral to GV 15,
in the depression on the All neck pain, weakness and stiff-
lateral aspect of the ness
trapezius muscle
at the level of the lower Back Shu Point of the Bones: All
border of the spinous bone problems; arthritis
process of T1
UB 12
1.5 Cun lateral to the GV
meridian, at the level of OPIs; headache; cough; stimu-
the lower border of the lates wei qi
spinous process of T2
Back Shu Point of the LU: all lung
at the level of the lower
problems; builds wei qi; chronic or
border of the spinous
acute
process of T3
at the level of the lower Back Shu Point of the HT: all
border of the spinous heart problems
process of T5
UB 17
Back Shu Point of the Blood: All
1.5 Cun lateral to GV 9,
blood problems; tonifies blood;
skin problems from heat in blood;
Back Shu Point of the Diaphragm:
process of T7
Hiccough; Hiatial Hernia

Back Shu Point of the LR: benefits
all aspects of the liver; smooths,
harmonizes, and tonifies liver
process of T9
at the level of the lower Back Shu Point of the GB: all GB
border of the spinous problems
process of T10
UB 20
1.5 Cun lateral to GV 6,
Back Shu Point of the SP: all SP
problems; benefits all aspects of
spleen
process of T11
UB 21
meridian , at the level of Back Shu Point of the ST: benefits
the lower border of the all aspects of the ST
spinous process of T12
UB 22 1.5 Cun lateral to the GV
5, at the level of the Back Shu Point of the SJ: regu-
lower border of the lates and transforms fluids;
spinous process of L1.
Back Shu Point of the KD: all KD
pathologies; regulates all aspects
of the KD
process of the L2.
Back Shu Point of the LI: low
back pain; colon problems; consti-
pation, diarrhea, etc.
process of L4.
UB 27 1.5 Cun lateral to the GV
meridian, at the level of Back Shu Point of the SI: used
the lower border of the with CV 3 for damp heat in urine;
1st posterior sacral fora- sacroiliac joint problems
men.

UB 28
meridian, at the level of Back Shu Point of the UB: all UB
the 2nd posterior sacral Problems
foramen.
UB 31 In the 1st posterior sacral

foramen.
UB 32 In the 2nd posterior
sacral foramen. These are the 8 Liao Points:
Used for all genito-urinary, GYN,
UB 33 In the 3rd posterior
low back & leg problems
sacral foramen.
UB 34 In the 4th posterior sacral
foramen
UB 35
On either side of the tip
of the coccyx, .5 Cun lat- Coccygeal pain
eral to the GV meridian.
UB 40 Midpoint of the trans-
verse crease of the Controlling point for the low back:
popliteal fossa, between All Low back pain; clears heat
the tendons of muscle bi- Note: An Outdated Numbering Sys-
ceps femoris and muscle tem lables this point “UB 54”
semitendinosis.
UB 57 Directly below the belly
of muscle gastrocne-
mius, on a line joining BL Upper back pain/tension; used
40 and tendo-calcaneus, with UB 67 for spasms of the calf;
about 8 Cun below BL
40.
UB 60 In the depression be-
occipital headache; neck pain;
tween the external malle-
distal point for sciatica; for labor
olus and tendo calca-
pain; "aspirin point"
neus.

UB 62 In the depression directly Master Point of the Yang Qiao
below the external malle- Mai: Lateral musculoskeletal prob-
olus. lems
UB 67
On the lateral side of the Jing Well Point: acute pain on the
small toe, .1 Cun proxi- meridian; turning a breech fetus;
mal to the corner of the used with UB 57 for spasms of the
nail calf; back pain; tight hamstrings

Kidney Meridian
The pathway of the Kidney Meridian runs from the center of the ball
of the foot, along the medial edge of the foot, under the medial ma-
leolus, up the medial aspect of the leg posterior to the tibia. At the
waist it runs parallel--and just lateral to--the midline, ending at the
top of the sternum. The Kidney Meridian is important for treating
many internal disorders. These include all growth development and
aging, reproductive and urinary disorders, and symptoms associ-
ated with fatigue and general weakness.

KD 1 On the sole, in the depression emergency point; loss of
when the foot is in plantar flexion, consciousness; brings
approximately at the junction of the heat down fro the upper
anterior third and posterior 2/3. body
KD 2 Anterior and inferior to the medial
malleolus, in the depression of the Heat/Fire in the throat
lower border of the tuberosity of the and lower warmer; UTIs
navicular bone.
KD 3 In the depression between the me- Source Point; All KD
dial malleolus and tendo calcaneus, disorders; weakness in
at the level of the tip of the medial the knees; low back;
malleolus. lowered libido, E.D.
KD 6 In the depression of the lower bor-
master point of yin qiao;
der of the medial malleolus, or 1
Tonifies KD yin
Cun below the medial malleolus.
KD 7 2 Cun directly above KD 3, on the Tonifies KD Yin and Va-
anterior border of tendo calcaneus. porizes fluids
KD 0.5 Cun lateral to Ren and level
11-21 with the Ren points. KD 11 lateral
to Ren 2 on the superior border of reinforce the Ren points
the symphysis pubis. KD 21 under
the sternum
KD
.5 Cun lateral to the umbilicus, level
16 Strengthens the KD
with CV 8.

Pericardium Meridian
The pathway of the Pericardium Meridian runs from the chest,
down the medial surface of the arm, and ends at the tip of the mid-
dle finger. Since Yin Meridians are often used to treat internal dis-
orders, and the Pericardium is closely related to the Heart Meridian,
it is most
commonly
used to
treat disor-
ders asso-
ciated with
the Heart.
These in-
clude all
mental /
emotional
disorders
and symp-
toms asso-
ciated with
sleep, as
well as or-
ganic heart
disorders.

PC 4 5 Cun above the transverse
crease of the wrist, on the
line connecting PC 3 and PC xi cleft point; chest pain;
7, between the tendons of pain in the meridian
palmaris longus and flexor
carpi radialis
crease of the wrist between
calms the spirit; regulates
the tendons of palmaris
Heart rhythm
longus and flexor carpi radi-
alis
Master Point of the Yin Wei
crease of the wrist between
Mai: Controlling point for the
the tendons of palmaris
Chest and Abdomen; calms
longus and flexor carpi radi-
the spirit
alis
PC 7 In the middle of the trans-
verse crease of the wrist, be-
Source Point: calms the
tween the tendons of muscle
spirit; regulates Heart rhythm
palmaris longus and flexor
carpi radialis.
PC 8 On the transverse crease of
the palm, between the 2nd
tachycardia; heat in the
and 3rd metacarpal bones.
Heart; dream disturbed
When the fist is clenched,
sleep
the point is just below the tip
of the middle finger.
PC 9 Jing Well Point: extreme
In the center of the tip of the heat in the Heart; loss of
middle finger. consciousness; tachycardia;
night terrors

San Jiao Meridian
The pathway of the San Jiao is similar to that of the Small Intestine,
but more radial on the forearm. It runs from the proximal ulnar cor-
ner of the ring finger along the arm on the lateral border of the ulnar
bone to the back of the shoulder, along the top posterior aspect of
the trapezius, up to the back of the neck, around the ear, and ends
just anterior to the tragus of the ear. Since Yang Meridians are of-
ten used to treat disorders along the pathway of the meridian, the
San Jiao is important for treating any and all disorders along its
pathway, especially around the shoulder, and ear.
SJ 1 On the lateral side of the
ring finger, about 0.1 Cun Jing Well Point; acute pain on
proximal to the corner of the the meridian
nail.
SJ 3
On the dorsum of the hand
between the 4th and 5th
metacarpal bones, in the de- Controlling Point for the Ear
pression proximal to the
metacarpophalangeal joint.
SJ 4
On the transverse crease of
the dorsum of the wrist, in
the depression lateral to the Good local point for the wrist
tendon of muscle extensor
digitorum communis.
SJ 5
2 Cun above TW 4, between Master Point of the Yang Wei
the radius and the ulna. Mai: local point
SJ 10
When the elbow is flexed,
the point is in the depres-
Good Local Point for the elbow
sion about 1 Cun superior to
the olecranon.

SJ 14 Posterior and inferior to the

acromion, in the depression
about 1 Cun posterior to LI Shoulder joint pain and ROM
15 when the arm is ab-
ducted.
SJ 15
About 1 Cun posterior to GB
21. Midway between GB 21 Tightness, tension and pain in
and SI 13, on the superior the neck and shoulders
angle of the scapula.
SJ 17
Posterior and superior to the
angle of the mandible. Pos-
terior to the lobule of the
All Ear disorders
ear, in the depression be-
tween the mandible and the
mastoid process.
SJ 21
In the depression anterior to
the supratragic notch and
slightly superior to the
All Ear and Jaw disorders
condyloid process of the
mandible. The point is lo-
cated with the mouth slack.
SJ 23 All disorders involving the side

At the lateral end of the eye-
of the head/face; lateral
brow
headaches, eye pain, ear pain

Gall Bladder Meridian
The pathway of the Gall Bladder Meridian runs from the Lateral
outer canthus, back and forth across the sides of the head, down
the side of the neck, where it follows the top of the trapezius, down
to the side of the ribcage, throughout the flanks, to the hip, and
down along the most lateral aspect of the leg, to the ankle, where it
runs under the lateral maleoleous and ends at the lateral proximal
corner of the fourth toe. Since Yang Meridians are often used to
treat disorders along the pathway of the meridian, the Gall Bladder
is important for treating any and all disorders of sides of the head,
trunk, hip, and legs

.

GB 1
0.5 Cun lateral to the outer can-
Secondary point for eye
thus, in the depression on the lat-
problems
eral side of the orbit.
GB 2
Anterior to the intertragic notch, at
the posterior border of the condy-
Good local point for ear
loid process of the mandible. The
and jaw
point is located with the mouth
open.
GB 8 Lateral Headaches; post
Superior to the apex of the auricle,
stroke speech disorders;
1.5 Cun within the hairline.
enters the brain
GB 14On the forehead, 1 Cun directly
All eye problems; frontal
above the midpoint of the eye-
and temporal HA
brow.
GB 20
All Wind: internal LV wind
and external OPI wind;
In the depression between the up- opens the orifices of the
per portion of the SCM and the head: All disorders effect-
trapezius, just below the occiput. ing the eyes, ears, and
nose; All Headaches, es-
pecially occipital
GB 21 Primary point for neck

and shoulder tension,
Midway between GV 14 and the pain and tightness.
acromion, at the highest point of (CONTRAINDICATED IF
the shoulder. PATIENT IS PREG-
NANT, OR HAS A
HEART CONDITION)
GB 25
On the lateral side of the ab-
Front mu of KD; pain in
domen, on the lower border of the
lumbar region
free end of the 12th rib.

GB 26
Directly below the free end of the
11th rib, where the LV 13 is lo- Main Point on the Dai
cated, at the level of the umbili- Mai; All GYN Disorders
cus.
GB 28
Anterior and inferior to the ASIS, Secondary Point on the
0.5 Cun anterior and inferior to GB Dai Mai; All GYN Disor-
27. ders
GB 29
In the depression of the midpoint
between the ASIS and the great
trochanter. 0.
Main Points for Sciatica,
GB 30At the junction of the lateral 1/3 hip; lumbar to thigh, leg
pain and paralysis
and medial 2/3 of the distance be-
tween the greater trochanter and
the hiatus of the sacrum.
GB 31
On the midline of the lateral as- Main Points for Sciatica, lum-
pect of the thigh, 7 Cun above the bar to thigh, leg pain and
transverse political crease. paralysis
GB 34 relaxes the tendons;

good point for knee, sci-
In the depression anterior and in
atica and leg pain; pain
inferior to the head of the fibula.
anywhere in the body;
shoulder pain
GB 40
Anterior and inferior to the lateral
malleolus, in the depression on
Ankle Pain
the lateral side of the tendon of m.
extensor digitorum longus.

GB 41
In the depression distal to the
junction of the 4th and 5th Master Point of the Dai
metatarsal bones, on the lateral Mai: All GYN and LV dis-
side of the tendon of m. extensor orders
digiti minimi of the foot.
GB 44
On the lateral side of the 4th toe,
Jing Well Point; acute
about .1 Cun proximal to the cor-
pain on the meridian
ner of the nail.
Liver Meridian
The pathway of the Liver Meridian runs from the proximal lateral
corner of the nail of the great toe, along the medial edge of the foot,
up the leg, posterior to the border of the tibia, between the Spleen
and Kidney meridians. At the waist it runs parallel to the midline
until it departs to the free end of the 11th rib, ending at the sixth in-
tercostal space on the mid-clavicular line. Since Yin Meridians are
often used to treat internal disorders, the Liver Meridian is important
for treating many internal disorders associated with the Liver.
These include many emotional disorders and symptoms associated
with stagnation and wind.

LR 1 Jing Well Point: restores con-
On the lateral side of the
sciousness; Inguinal pain; groin
great toe, 0.1 Cun proxi-
pulls; moves Qi in the lower
mal to the corner of the
warmer; genitourinary issues; stops
nail.
bleeding
LR 2 On the dorsum of the LV fire and heat in the head; Heat
foot, between the 1st in the Lower Warmer; Burning uri-
and 2nd toes, proximal nation; red burning eyes; LV yang
to the margin of the rising HA; Herpes I & II; Shingles;
web. LV wind
LR 3 On the dorsum of the
foot, in the depression Source Point: Primary point to
distal to the junction of benefit all aspects of LV. Move LR
the 1st and 2nd QI, Quell LR Wind, etc.
metatarsal bones.
LR 13 On the lateral side of the
abdomen, below the Front MU Point of the SP: Liver in-
free end of the 11th vading Spleen
floating rib.
LR 14 Directly below the nip-
Pain and tightness/fullness in the
ple, in the 6th intercostal
chest, ribs and breast
space.

Point Helpful Location Main Uses
Translations
At the highest point of Stuffy-Runny
Bi Tong Nose Opening
the nasolabial groove. Nose
Midway between the end
Jian Nie Shoulder Out
of the anterior axillary
Ling Front
fold and LI 15
Draw a line following
path of lateral end of
Eye Pain /
eyebrow down to inter-
Tai Yang Great Yang Discomfort
section of line from outer
Headaches
canthus of eye, at inter-
section, in depression.
A pair of points in the two

depressions, medial and
lateral to the patellar liga-
Xi Yan Calf's Nose ment, locating the point Knee Pain
with the knee flexed.
Lateral Xiyan overlaps
with S 35.
On the dorsum of the

hand, midway between
the transverse wrist
crease and metacar-
pophalangeal joint, be-
Yao Tong Back Pain Acute Back
tween the second and
Xue Point Pain/Sprain
third metacarpal bones,
and between the fourth
and fifth metacarpal
bones, 4 points in all on
both hands.
Midway between the me-
Clams the
Yin Tang dial ends of the two eye-
Mind/Shen
brows.

Translations
Midpoint between Yifeng Calms the

An Mian Peaceful Sleep(SJ 17) and Fengchi (GB Shen for In-
20) somnia

Translations
A group of 34 points
along both sides of the
Any disor-
spinal column, 0.5 Cun
ders associ-
Hua Tou Jia lateral to the lower bor-
ated with the
Ji der of each spinous
level of the
process from the first
spine
thoracic vertebra to the
fifth lumbar vertebra.
On dorsum of hand, be-
tween 2nd & 3rd
Falling From metacarpal bones, 0.5
Luo Zhen Neck Pain
Pillow Cun posterior to
metacarpophalangeal
joint
Shi Qi Below the spinous
Low Back
Zhuxia 17th Vertebrae process of the 5th lumbar
Pain
(Josen) vertebrae
Stop / Re-
0.5 Cun lateral to Dazhui duce
Ding Chuan Stop Asthma
(Du 14). Asthma At-
tack
foot, in the depressions
on the webs between Foot/ Toe
Ba Feng 8 Winds
toes, proximal to the Pain
margins of the webs,
eight points in all.

Translations
hand, at the junction of
the white and red skin of Hand / Fin-
Ba Xie 8 Ghosts
the hand webs, eight in ger Pain
all, making a loose fist to
locate the points.
Dan Nang The tender spot 1-2 Cun
GB Point Gall stones
Xue below G 34.
In the depression of the
Knee pain/
He Ding Crane Top midpoint of the superior
dysfunction
patellar border.
In the center of the heel Heel & Knee
Shi Mian Lost Sleep
on the bottom of the foot Pain
Translations
A group of 4 points, at
Si Shen Four Spirits the vertex, 1 Cun respec- Clears the
Cong Cleverness tively posterior, anterior Mind
and lateral to Du 20
At the midpoint of the Headache,
Yu Yao
eyebrow. Eye Pain
Zi Gong
Uterus Point 3 Cun lateral to Ren 3 All GYN
Xue
Extraordinary Points

5. Auricular Acupuncture: Microsystems & Ex-
traordinary Meridians
Microsystems in general, are helpful in treating all painful condi-
tions, as well as many internal disorders.
Auricular or Ear Acupuncture is commonly used by acupuncture

practitioners in a majority of treatments. Ear points are easily ac-
cessible and can be added to most treatments to augment the pri-
mary points. Ear points are effective for both internal and external
disorders.
I find Hand and Scalp Acupuncture to be it especially good for

acute pain in the upper or Yang regions of the body.
Point location and treatment technique are both very important with
microsystems. As there are many points in small areas with mi-
crosystems, one must find points precisely.
Once located, and needled, active or passive movement or func-

tioning of the injured area should be employed during treatment if
possible.
Look for immediate positive change during and after treatment.

When microsystem points are located and treated appropriately,
they often will yield immediate results.
Microsystems can be used exclusively for treatment, but are usually

combined with primary acupuncture points.
There is contralateral ipsilateral
Hand Acupuncture

usually use opposite side
move affected joint if possible
Needling and Location TechniqueLocate at the epiphysis of the
bone and needle in at a 45 degree angle to the point in the direction
of the finger tips.
Selected Upper Body Hand Points
• Shoulder
• Radial side of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the index finger
• Shoulder pain
• Nape & Neck
• Ulnar side of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the index finger
• Stiff neck
• Migraine
• Ulnar side of the first interphalangeal joint of the ring finger
• Migraine
• Chest pain
• Headache
• Ulnar side of the metacarpophalangeal interphalangeal joint of the
thumb
• H/A
• dizziness
Other Hand Points
• Low Back (Loin & Leg)
• Sciatic Nerve
• Ankle
• Polyhydrosis point
• Not lustrated. About ½ way between PC 7 & PC 8.
• Works well for excessive sweating, (especially if it is linked to the
Shen)
137
Auricular Acupuncture
General Introduction
Techniques
Find point exactly
Active or passive movement
For Yang disorders, palpate the Yang side of the ear for sensitivity
and needle/seed it in addition to the Yin side
Usual Modalities
Needles
Seeds
Press-balls Magnets

Ear Anatomy
Major Auricular Points
Shen Men
Heart
Liver
Kidney
Sympathetic N.

Stomach
Mouth
Thirst
Hunger
Nicotine
Shoulder-Arm-Hand
Back
Hip-Leg-Foot-Toe
Sciatica
Uterus
Toothache
Aspirin
Insomnia
Specific Auricular Treatments

• Pain Protocols
• When treating pain, ear points corresponding to the region of
pain, can be added to the treatment.
• Points should be carefully palpated for.
• The Detox Protocol (Shen Men, Liver, Kidney, Heart, Sympa-
thetic N.) is useful in treating an number of disorders in addition
to substance addictions.
• Anxiety/ ADHD / PTSD (use as is)
• Quit Smoking (add Nicotine Pt.)
• Weight Loss ( Add Hunger & Thirst Pts.)

Acupuncture Treatment of Chemical Dependency

A. Acupuncture is Not Complete in and of Itself for Detox. It must
be part of an integrated whole system, to achieve these results.
1. Individual counseling
2. Group support
3. Case management
4. Urine screening
5. Other conventional treatment approaches.
B. Get the patient to return
C. Remember the primary diagnosis.
1. Chemical Dependency is Primary
2. It will kill faster than anything else
D. Withdrawal General Sx
1. Severe Flu-Like Sx.
2. fever
3. chills
4. insomnia
5. cramping
6. headaches
7. agitation
8. violent outbursts
9. nausea
10. depression
11. malaise / fatigue
12. anxiety
13. paranoia
14. TCM
a) Def. QI
b) Def. Yin
c) Stuck Qi
d) Empty. Fire
E. Acute Medical Emergency from Withdrawal
1. Alcohol
2. Benzodiazepines
3. Barbiturates
F. Effects of Acu Detox
1. Decrease in Recidivism Rate
2. High degree of outpatient compliance
3. Reduced
a) Drug Cravings

b) Pain
c) Muscle cramping
d) Stress
e) Anxiety
f) Sleeplessness
G. Cost effectiveness
1. 1 acupuncture provider, 1 Counselor, 1 Case Worker, & 1 ad-
min. Can handle @ 30 patients in a two hour time period. Start
to finish.
H. Treatment
1. NADA Protocol
a) National Acupuncture Detox Association
b) Ear Protocol
(1) Shen Men
(2) Liver
(3) Heart
(4) Kidney
(5) Sympathetic N.
c) Patient Prep Station
(1) Cotton
(2) Alcohol
(3) Sharps container
(4) Tissue
(5) Mirror
(6) Patients clean own ears
(7) Patients Remove own needles
(8) Patients clean up blood
d) Frequency of treatment
e) DETOX Phase
(1) Lasts until pt. has put together 14 days clean & sober
(2) Weeks 0-2 of recovery
(3) 1-2 Acupuncture. Tx. Daily
(4) Group work
(5) Case Management
f) Recovery Phase
(1) Four Weeks
(3) Three Acupuncture TX /week
(4) Group Work

(5) Case Management
(6) Individual Counseling
g) Maintenance Phase
(2) Acupuncture Tx. twice weekly
(3) Group work
(4) Case management
(5) Individual Counseling
(6) Re-Evaluation / Referral
Scalp Acupuncture
A. Chinese Scalp Acupuncture is associated with Lines
1. Based On, Cortical Homunculus
2. Western Function
3. Sensory / Motor areas etc.
4. Chinese Scalp Lines: Generally Treat Contralateral Side
B. YNSA: Yamamoto’s New Scalp Acupuncture

1. Treatment Based on Discreet Points
2. Based On Dr. Yamamoto’s Long Experience
3. YNSA Points: Generally Treat Ipsilateral Side
C. All Points and Lines are palpated carefully to find the most re-
active point for treatment
D. Scalp Contraindications and Cautions

1. Contraindicated: Acute Stage Cerebral Hemorrhage: Wait at
least 4 weeks
2. Caution During Pregnancy
3. Contraindicated: Children With Fontanel Not Closed
4. Caution: People who are Too Hungry or Nervous
E. Used for:
1. All Painful Conditions
2. Especially effective in the upper body
3. Neurological Conditions
4. All Disorders Involving the Brain/CNS
5. Post Stroke

6. Cerebral Thrombosis / Embolism: Treat early
7. Post Stroke Prognosis
a) 1-3 mos: Excellent
b) 3-6 mos: Very Good
c) 6-1 year: Good
d) Up to 3 years: Hopeful
e) After 3 years: Guarded
8. Phantom Limb Pain
9. Spinal Chord Injury
10. Post Traumatic Paralysis
11. Brain Damage
12. Multiple Sclerosis
13. Muscular Atrophy
14. Urinary Incontinence
F. ScalpTechnique
1. Points
a) Palpate carefully for Discreet Point to Needle
b) Needles: #2 or 3 X 30mm
2. Lines:
a) Palpate carefully for Discreet Point to Needle
b) If No Discreet Point is Reactive: Treat Entire Line
c) Needles: #5 - # 8 X 30 - 60 mm
d) Position Patient Sitting Up
e) Transverse Needle Insertion / 15-250
3. Depth of insertion
a) Five Layers of scalp
(1) Cutaneous
(a) Thick
(b) Rich in blood circulation
(c) Painful to needle
(2) Subcutaneous
(a) Firm
(b) Dense
(c) Short fibers
(d) Major vessels and nerves
(e) Painful to needle
(3) Galea aponeurofic layer
(a) Tough & tensile fibrous Tissue

(b) Very painful to needle
(4) Aerial tissue layer
(a) Loose connective tissue
(b) The Best Layer To Needle
(5) Periosteum
(a) Outer layer of Skull
(b) Very painful to needle
4. Minimizing Pain
a) Insert Quickly
b) Needle Correct Layer
c) Check for shallow enough angle
5. Stimulation
a) No Thrusting: Rotation Only
b) For Best Results: Stimulate for 1-2 min. Every 10-15 min.
6. Needling Direction
a) Generally From Superior to Inferior
b) Or Anterior to Posterior
7. Lay needles
a) 20-60 min.
b) Up to Twelve Hours
8. If Possible: have patient Walk or Talk, Utilize or Move the af-
fected part/faculty during treatment
9. Remove Needles
a) Always use Cotton
b) Often bleeding
10. Interdermals, Electro Acupuncture, Moxa, and Massage Can
All Be Used
G. Finding the Hairline:

1. The Hairline can be found about 1cm superior to the most su-
perior wrinkle on the forehead.
2. The Corner of the Hairline can be found @ 4-5 cm lateral to the
midline, about the same distance lateral to the middle of the
eye, as the middle of the eye is from the midline of the face.

Scalp Points
II. Head & Neck Points

A. A Series of Discreet Points, corresponding to the cervical ver-
tebrae and occiput.
B. The points are found on a 2 cm long Line, centered on the hair-
line, 1cm lateral to the midpoint of the hairline.
C. Any Pain/Disorder of the Face, Head, and Neck
D. Any Disorder associated with the Cervical Spine
E. Neurological Disorders
F. Post Surgical Complications
G. Trigeminal Neuralgia
H. Bell's Palsy
I. Headache/Migraine
J. Vertigo
III. Neck & Shoulder Points

A. A Series of Discreet Points, Found on a 2 cm long Line, cen-
tered on the hairline, 2cm lateral to the midpoint of the hairline.
B. Any Pain/Disorder of the Neck, Clavicle, Shoulder and Scapu-
lar Regions.
C. Paralysis
D. Post trauma
E. Post operative
F. Fractures
G. Upper Body CRPS / RSD
H. Complex Regional Pain Syndrome / Reflex Sympathetic Dys-
trophy Syndrome
IV. Shoulder Arm & Hand Points
A. A Series of Discreet Points, which are found on a 2 cm long
Line, beginning at the corner of the hairline, and extending di-
agonally toward the nose (Yin Tang).
B. These points correspond to the shoulder, which is found near
the top/lateral end of the line; the arm in the middle; and the
hand, at the inferior/medial end.
C. Any disorders of the Shoulder Joint, Scapular Region, Arm,
Hand, Wrist & Fingers
D. Pain
E. Paralysis
F. Post trauma/operative
G. Fractures
H. Dislocations
I. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
V. Thorax Points
A. A Series of Discreet Points, corresponding to T1-T12.
B. The points are found on a line, which begins about 1cm lateral
to the midline at the top border of the eyebrow. (This medial
border corresponds to T-1) The line continues to the midpoint
of the eyebrow at a 150 angle upward ending above the middle
of the eyebrow. (The lateral end corresponds to T-12.)
C. Any Disorder associated with the Thorax or Thoracic Spine
D. Back Pain
E. Rib Pain
F. Angina
G. Herpes Zoster

H. Asthma / Bronchitis
VI. Low Back Points
A. A Series of Discreet Points, corresponding to the Lower Back,
Lumbar, and Belt Region.
B. The Points are found about 1 cm above the Zygomatic Arch.
Beginning at the anterior hairline, and progressing to the an-
chor of the helix, then proceeding superiorly for about centime-
ter.
C. Primary Treatment points for Low Back Pain, Paralysis, and
other disorders of the Lumbar Spine, Lower Body, and Lower
Extremities
Chinese Scalp Lines

Based on Cortical Homunculus

Finding the Lines: Lines of Measurement
I. Draw Two Lines
A. Anterior - Posterior Midline
1. From Glabella to the EOP (External Occipital Protuberance)
2. Find Mid-point of the line
3. Can be found by describing a plumb line from the top of the
ears to the A-P Midline
4. The Midpoint of the Anterior-Posterior Midline is a useful land-
mark for finding treatment lines.
B. Eyebrow - Occipital Line
1. From center of eyebrow to EOP (Via the temple and across the
ear)
2. The point at which this line crosses the anterior hairline is a
useful landmark for finding treatment lines.

Conti-
nence
Line
(AKA:
Leg &
Foot
Motor &
Sen-
sory)

I. Beginning at a point 0.5 Cun lateral to the midpoint of the ante-
rior-posterior midline, Draw bilateral lines, parallel to midline, in
the posterior direction, 2 Cun in length
II. Needle From Anterior to Posterior
III. Paralysis, Pain, Numbness of Lower Limb Opposite Side
A. The Function is similar to the functions of the upper 1/5th of
both motor and sensory area together.
B. Urinary Incontinence
1. Most All Urinary Problems
C. Prolapsed Urinary Bladder/ Uterus / Stomach
D. Bowel Disorders
1. Bowel Incontinence
2. Allergic Colitis
3. Crohn's Disease
4. Hemorrhoids
E. Post Traumatic Stress Syndrome
F. ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder)
G. Multiple Sclerosis
H. Male Reproduction
1. Impotence
2. Spermatorrhea
I. Female Reproduction
1. Uterine Bleeding
2. Endometriosis
3. Prolapse Uterus

J. Swollen Ankles
Motor Function Line
I. From Midpoint on Anterior - Posterior Midline go 0.25 Cun Pos-

terior
A. Draw Line from this point to the point where the Eyebrow - Oc-
cipital Line crosses the anterior hairline @ the sideburn
B. Motor Area is divided into 5 parts
C. Superior 1/5th of motor Area
1. Treats paralysis of Lower Limbs and Trunk on Opposite Side
D. Middle 2/5ths of motor Area
1. Treats paralysis of Upper on Opposite Side

E. Inferior 2/5ths of Motor Area
1. Facial Paralysis on Opposite Side
2. Nerve Damage
3. Bell's Palsy
4. AKA Speech 1 area
5. Motor Aphasia
Sensory Perception Line
I. A Line Parallel to and 0.75 Cun Posterior to the motor area

A. Sensory Area is divided into 5 parts
B. Superior 1/5th of Sensory Area
1. Parastisia of Lower Limb and trunk on the opposite side
2. Phantom Pain of Lower Limb and trunk on the opposite side
3. Special Effects
a) Occipital H/A
b) Neck Pain / Stiffness
C. Middle 2/5ths of Sensory Area
1. Parastisia of Upper Limb on Opposite Side
2. Phantom Pain of Upper Limb on the opposite side
D. Inferior 2/5ths of Sensory Area
1. opposite Side
2. Migraine H/A
3. Trigeminal Neuralgia
4. Toothache
5. TMJ
Tremor Control Line
I. A Line Parallel to and 0.75 Cun Anterior to the motor area

A. From Midline to the inferior border of the hairline
B. Divided into Three Parts
C. Superior Third for Lower Limbs
D. Middle Third for Upper Limbs
E. Inferior Third Head & Neck
F. For Treatment of:
1. Any Involuntary movement or tremor
2. Chorea

3. Parkinson's Disease
Vision Line
From a point 0.75 Cun lateral to, and level with, the EOP (External
Occipital Protuberance) draw a line parallel to the midline, and 2.0
Cun in length, Superior from the EOP
Indications
Cortical Vision Disturbances
Glaucoma
Cataract
Vertigo and Balance Line

From a point 2.0 Cun lateral to, and level with, the EOP (External
Occipital Protuberance) draw a line parallel to the midline, and 2.0
Cun in length, Inferior beginning at the level of the EOP
Indications
Balance
Proprioception

The 8 Extraordinary Meridians In More Detail
Before we look at the Eight Extraordinary Meridians, lets consider
the levels to which meridians penetrate the body.
Primary Meridians Access & Connect The Wei (External /Protec-

tive) & Ying (Internal / Nourishing) Levels
Divergent Meridians Connect The Wei & Yuan Levels, to translo-

cate pathogens from the internal level to the external level to pro-
tect the Zang/Fu
Sinew / TM Meridians Access The Wei Level and are used for
pathologies that manifest on the surface and in the joints, as well as
those that cross from meridian to meridian, transversely:
i.e. LI & SJ.
Luo Meridians Access The Ying Level and are the manifestation of
internal pathogens. These meridians are created as needed, and
may manifest as varicosities or phlegm nodules. They are best
treated by releasing Xue through Plumb blossom & Lancet
bleeding.
The Eight Extraordinary Vessels/Meridians Access and Treat at

the Yuan QI or Jing Level. At this level we are working with with is-
sues that are deeply embedded in our lives.
These are the 1st channels to develop in the embryo. Therefore,

when working with the 8 Extraordinary Meridians we are reminding
the body of what it was like when it was perfect.
The First cell division‚creates the Du, Ren, & Chong

The Second division creates the Dai
The Third division creates the Yin Wei, Yang Wei, Yin Qiao
& Yang Qiao
They are the foundation of Yin & Yang, and the 7 & 8 year cycles

Treatment Protocol for the Extraordinary Vessels
Use this protocol for internal medicine, women’s health and psy-
chological & emotional disorders. Other options exist for the treat-
ment of pain
Keep in mind that treating at the level of the Jing can take some
time. It is not unusual to see results right away, and it is also not
unusual for a course of treatment to take one to three months, at
one treatment per week.
Use the following needling order, and be sure to obtain the Qi

deeply, for each point.
1. Needle Master Point / Opening Point

• Right or Left - according to sex
• Women / Right
• Men / Left
2. Treat Coalescent Points on the Meridian, and other related
points as needed
3. Needle Coupled Point /Closing Point
4. Remove Needles in reverse order: Last in-First out
General Uses for the Extraordinary Meridians

Dai Mai (Belt Vessel)
• Points
• Master/Opening Point: GB 41
• Coupled/Closing Point: SJ 5
• Major Coalescent Points: GB 26 (27-28)
• Opens the Lower Warmer
• All lower warmer stagnation
• Adjusts the Menses
• Guides and Supports the Uterus
• Supports the Low Back
• Radiatiing Low Back Pain
• Influences flow of LR Qi
• Harmonizes ascending and descending of Qi
Chong Mai (Penetrating Vessel)

“Wide Trunk Road”
• Points
• Master/Opening Point: SP 4
• Coupled/Closing Point: PC 6
• Major Coalescent Points: ST 30, KI 11 to 21
• Sea of blood
• Controls The Menses
• Harmonizes ascending and descending of Blood
Ren Mai (Conception Vessel CV)

• Points
• Master/Opening Point: LU 7
• Coupled/Closing Point: KD 6

• Major Coalescent Points: Ren 2 - Ren 15
• Sea of Yin
• Yin Deficiency with Yin Stagnation
• Supports Yin: Jing and Fluids
• Supports Yin (sex) Hormonal Balance
• Relate to int. and ext/ genitalia
Du Mai (Governing Vessel GV)

• Points
• Master/Opening Point: SI 3
• Coupled/Closing Point: UB 62
• Major Coalescent Points: Du 2 - Du 15
• Governs the Yang
• Supports the Spine
• Enters the Brain
• Supports the CNS
• Supports Yang (Stress) Hormonal Balance

Secondary Extraordinary Vessels
Yin Qiao & Yang Qiao (Heel Vessels)
• Yin Qiao Points
• Master/Opening Point: KD 3
• Coupled/Closing Point: LU 7
• Major Coalescent Point: KI 8
• Yang Qiao Points
• Master/Opening Point: UB 62
• Coupled/Closing Point: SI 3
• Major Coalescent Point: GB 20
• Secondary for Excess patterns of Lower Jiao
• Masses
• Fibroids
• Adhesions
• Difficult delivery
• External genitalia
Yin Wei & Yang Wei (Linking Vessels)

• Yin Wei Points
• Master/Opening Point: PC 6
• Coupled/Closing Point: SP 4
• Major Coalescent Point: KI 9
• Yang Wei Points
• Master/Opening Point: SJ 5
• Coupled/Closing Point: GB 41
• Major Coalescent Point: GB 21
• Nourish Blood
• Calm mind /Shen
Zonal Approach to the treatment of pain using the Extraordi-

nary Meridians.
The pathways of the 8 Extraordinary Meridians and their associated
channels, together construct the Anterior, Posterior, Medial, and
Lateral Zones. Treating the opening and coupled points can influ-
ence the flow of Qi throughout these Zones, effectively treating
many painful conditions. This Material is covered in detail in the
Chapter on Treatment of Pain.
Psychological Issues & Extraordinary Meridians

The language of Chinese Medicine is Psychosomatic. Although
current translations of Chinese medical books often do not mention
psychological disorders, translations can also be made in way that
expresses the psycho-emotional aspects of the words. It is good to
keep this in mind when considering points, and the Extraordinary
Meridians.
• Chronic Diarrhea or Purging = Not wanting to keep what you have
• Angina = Heart Pain, Broken Heart
• Nausea = Can’t stomach it, but can't let it go
• Red Face = Anger, Frustration
Also it is worth noting that depression is often related to Blood Defi-

ciency. The body begins to accumulate fluid as a substitute for
Blood, Then Dampness accumulates and transforms into phlegm,
which prevents the free flow of the emotions, and leads to depres-
sion. Phlegm nodules also form which contribute to further stagna-
tion resulting in disorders like fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue, and Qi
Stagnation.
The Extraordinary Meridians are particularly helpful in addressing

some psycho-emotional issues. Below are some indications that
may be helpful in pointing the direction for using them in such
cases.
Dai / Belt Mai

• Major Issues which accumulate over time, which we can't stand,
but can't get rid of
• Unresolved Postnatal Issues,Trauma, Sentiments, Emotions,
Guilt, Inadequacies
• All these accumulations, concentrations, and conglomerations
are deposited into the Dai/Belt Channel where they are stored.
• When the Dai Mai gets saturated, it begins to leak out
• This is like emptying the garbage, but we fill it up again & again
• Physical Sx.
• Infertility, Impotents, Reproductive disorders, Sagging feeling in
the waist, Excessive vaginal discharge, Diarrhea, Constipation
• Psycho-Emotional sx.

• Feeling Stuck, Indecisive, Lack of clarity, Lack of creativity, Infe-
riority
Chong / Penetrating Mai

• Coming to terms with one's own nature, purpose, temperament
& culture
• The Chong Mai penetrates the center of the body, joining to-
gether the Kidney which stores Jing / Yuan Qi, the Spleen:
which produces QI & Blood and the Heart which stores our con-
sciousness
Ren / Conception Mai

• Sea of Yin
• Yin Stasis, with Yin Deficiency
• Yin forms the process by which we bond and form unions
• Original Bonding / Mother Child Bonding
• Nurturing
• Security & Trust, Contentment, Feeling at Home
• Completion, Craving completion
• Competence, and control over internal and external environ-
ment
Du / Governing Mai
• Governs the Yang: Tai Yang, Xiao Yang, & Yang Ming
• Yang allows for separation from the mother
• Nurturing oneself
• Ability to stand erect
• Individuality
• Moving into the World
• Freedom of movement of head
• Expression & temperance of desires / Taking risks
• Survival Motivation
Yin Wei / Yin Linking Mai

• Treats traumas which may have occurred at a significant turing
point in life, and which blocks full development
• Devoting Qi & Blood to memories leaves less for the present
moment

• Contingency
• Always Asking “What if…?”
• Not accepting oneself
Yang Wei Yang Linking Mai

• Cast my net into the world
• Forever searching for one's Role in Life
• The process by which we move into a certain role in the world
• Our choices and the process by which we don't choose
• Commitment and lack of Commitment
• Movement from Family Intimacy to Global commitments
Yin & Yang Qiao Yin & Yang Heel Mais

• Focusing on the present moment
• Qiao = heel, stance, bridge, and motility
• Yang Qiao = one's stance to the world
• Yin Qiao = one's stance to oneself
• Polar Opposites
• Yin Qiao
• Receiving of Qi
• Introvert
• Insomnia
• Medial aspect of legs tight
• “My Bad”
• Yang Qiao
• Giving of Qi
• Extrovert
• Hypersomnia
• Lateral aspect of legs tight
• “Everyone's and Idiot”
The Chart of the 8 Extraordinary Meridian below, while not ex-

haustive, is included below for quick reference.
6. The Main Course: Treatment of Pain

As mentioned above, there are three important facets to performing
effective acupuncture treatment of pain: choosing the correct
points, precise point location, the technique applied to the points.

Diagnosing The Pain

Mai Coalescent Zone Indications
Points
Dai GB 26, 27 Lateral All Congestion in Lower Warmer
GB 41, & 28 Belt & Belt Area.
SJ 5 Low Back Letting Go of Negative Emo-
tions, Moves Liver Qi
Chong ST 30, Medial Sea of Blood : ♀’s Health -:

SP 4, PC 6 K 11- 27 internal Regulates Menstrual Quantity &
disorders Flow Regulates Digestion
Ren REN 2-15 Anterior Sea of Yin: Yin Deficiency with
LU 7, KD 6 or without Yin Stagnation
Nourishment
Fertility/Conception
Regulates Yin (sex)Hormones
Menstrual Timing
Du DU 1-15 Posterior Governs Yang & Spine
SI 3, BL 62 Spine Connects to the Brain & CNS
Regulates Yang (stress) Hor-
mones
Yin Wei K 9, Medial Emotional Traumas Associated
PC 6, SP 4 internal with 7 & 8 yr. cycles, Addictions,
disorders PTSD,
Yang Wei GB 21, Lateral Shouldering Responsibilities,

SJ 5, GB 41 Choices & Commitments
Yang Qiao GB 20, Posterior Global Acceptance / Frustration

BL 62, SI 3
Yin Qiao KI 8, Anterior Self Acceptance / Frustration

KD 6, LU 7 (Internal
disorders

First, don’t get too complicated. A complicated diagnosis can often
distract from a successful treatment. Most pain for example,
whether it is back pain, neck pain or leg pain; whether it is from a
musculoskeletal injury, arthritis, bursitis, an inflammatory reaction,
or as part of a sequela of stroke; will manifest as obstruction of the
meridians due to either Qi (energy) Stagnation or Xue (blood) Stag-
nation. When treating the pain with acupuncture and related tech-
niques, it is often of little consequence to the treatment, whether it
is from Qi or Xue Stagnation. The main difference between these
two syndromes lies more in the prognosis rather than treatment ap-
proach. The treatment, with acupuncture and associated tech-
niques, is usually the same. However, in general, a more aggres-
sive approach is used for Xue stagnation than is used for Qi stag-
nation. This differentiation also carries more significance when
choosing topical or internal application of herbs. The complications
of Cold, Heat, Dampness, and Wind can also often influence the
treatment, but this is secondary to moving the stagnation.
Immobilization
A commonly overlooked point in the treatment of injuries is immobi-
lization. When there is a soft tissue injury, such as a strain or
sprain, it is important to immobilize the area as much as possible
until the discomfort has been relieved. When injured, the body’s
response is to produce pain and swelling. This mechanism serves
to protect the area and allows for natural healing to occur. In our
society, we want to minimize down time and get back to work (or
play) as soon as possible. So we reduce swelling, take pain reliev-
ers, or acupuncture and herbal wraps, and get right “back on our
feet.” This approach may fit some societal needs, but it may not
the best approach for one’s physical needs. Injuries take time to
heal, and they require rest too. Many cases of chronic pain syn-
dromes originally began with Qi and Xue stagnation, which stem
from improper treatment of soft tissue injuries i.e. using the injured
part too soon. I usually recommend that soft tissue injuries are well
splinted, or wrapped, and that patients avoid using the affected part
as much as possible, until most or all of the pain is gone. This

leads to less trouble with Cold, Dampness, Stagnation, and the like,
getting trapped in the meridians and causing future problems.
Ice & Heat

The problem of cold getting trapped brings up the question of the
application of heat or cold to an injury. In acupuncture theory it is
well established that cold can penetrate an injured joint and stag-
nate, causing additional pain and possibly long term problems.
Therefore, I avoid ice or cold unless it’s absolutely necessary. Ei-
ther way, I strongly recommend using heat (moxa or TDP lamp) on
injuries as soon as it is feasible, to move stagnation.
Treatment Results
The question that may surface when considering the treatment
might be, “Do I need to see immediate change from the treat-
ment?” Yes. There should be some change in the condition at the
time of the treatment. This is not to say that the treatment is inef-
fective if you do not see immediate change, but immediate results
are a very good indication that you have found an appropriate
treatment. I suggest that you continue to try different approaches
to the problem until you get immediate results. This is not always
possible, and the patient will often find improvement after some
time, but it is preferable to get those “right-before-your-eyes”
changes. So keep trying different techniques until you hit the one
that clicks for that particular patient, at that particular time. While
we are on the subject, consider that a strong acupuncture treatment
for painful condition, will often leave the treated area sore, from the
stimulation. This soreness should resolve in 12-24 hours. My
brother tells all of his patients to wait 24 hours before judging the
effect of a treatment. I think this is wise advice.
Palpation
It would be difficult to overstate the usefulness of palpation. I have
seen many practitioners, some of whom I admire and respect, prac-
ticing with little or no palpation. While they may get good results, I

don’t understand how they know what to treat. To me it is vitally
important to know exactly where the Qi is, where it is not, where it
flows smoothly, and where it is stuck. Simple palpation of the
meridians, acupoints, and trigger points, can easily reveal much of
this information.
In order to locate a trigger point, it is usually best to palpate mus-

cles with deep cross-fiber palpation. Once a trigger point is located,
be sure you keep track of it with your fingers, so you can be sure to
accurately treat it with the needle.
This is what I mean by precise point location. Be sure you’ve lo-

cated the point of disharmony before you place the needle.
Local Treatment
Should one treat the local area or avoid it? This is often debated
amongst practitioners. I say treat it, in most cases. I hedge my
bets here, because the practitioner must determine what will make
the problem worse and what will make it better. If, for example, the
patient reports that massage makes the problem worse, or if previ-
ous treatment to the area has resulted in an exacerbation of the
problem, these could be indications that direct treatment may be
cautioned, or contraindicated. However, I seldom see direct treat-
ment exacerbate a painful condition, and even in those occasional
situations, a few days of respite from treatment has allowed the
condition to return to its pre-treatment level of discomfort, or better.
The caveat here is that some problems benefit more from local, ad-
jacent, and distal treatment, while others respond better to distal
treatment only. How to asses the difference prior to treatment is
not always clear. You’ll have to trust your experience and intuition.
Moving Stagnation
In order to alleviate pain, the stagnation needs to be moved. While
this is obvious, it must be consistently focused upon. Whether it is
Qi or Xue stagnation, often the best course of action is simply to
move it.

I believe that moving stagnation takes precedence over building de-
ficiencies, when treating pain, in almost every case.
This is an important treatment strategy. If one attempts to build de-

ficiencies in the presence of stagnation, it can lead to increased
stagnation, hence more pain, or pain that is more difficult to treat. I
have often found that. once the stagnation is successfully resolved,
then deficiencies can be tonified. If the patient is extremely defi-
cient, there may be cause for concern, but most of the time the defi-
ciency can be better addressed after the pain has been treated.
Most individuals will easily tolerate a bit of a decrease in Qi if it re-
sults in significant pain relief. Remember that pain itself affects an
individual’s Qi. Relieving the pain with a dispersing treatment can
make the patient feel better, and often stronger as well. My wife as-
serts that she regularly feels a deficient patient’s weak pulses be-
come stronger after strong Qi-moving therapies, like cupping. She
believes this may be because Qi that was previously stagnant be-
comes available to the body, increasing the overall Qi of the body.

Treating Pain: Local, Adjacent, & Distal Points
This is the standard approach for Treating Pain. The first question I
look to answer is: “Where is the primary disharmony?” This is may
seem obvious and, keeping in mind what I said earlier about not
getting too complex, there is usually some looking to do. Diagnosis
is like being a detective of sorts. One must find a number of clues
before coming to a conclusion. If the problem is orthopedic in na-
ture, the primary disharmony is usually at or near the site of the
pain. When the primary disharmony exists someplace other than at
the site of the pain, it is often found proximally. How does one as-
sess if the primary disharmony is at the pain site or proximally, or
distally for that matter? Palpation. I recommend that the practi-
tioner look at the usual trigger points that are associated with the
area of pain. (Get yourself a trigger point chart, if you don’t know
them.) Then explore the local and adjacent musculature. If that
isn’t sufficient, follow the dermatomes to the area on the back that
corresponds to the more distal or more anterior pain, and then pal-
pate. These dermatomes do not need to adhered to 100%. Rather,
one should have an understanding of the pathways of the der-
matomes and how they relate to the 12 main meridians and their
corresponding Sinew (tendino-muscular) meridians and integrate
the information gained from palpation to establish the most likely
candidate areas for treatment.
All three of the following point types should be explored when treat-
ing pain.
Distal means you should use points that are distal to the pain and
which affect the area of the pain. For instance:
Bleeding a Jing point on the effected meridian (and/or)
Using LI 4 and Lu 7 for Pain in the head and/or neck (and/
or)
Opening the Posterior Zone with SI 3 & UB 62 for back pain
Local means using points at the pain site: Trigger Points. It’s
sometimes half-jokingly put this way: “If it hurts, put a needle in it.” I
don’t mean to say that trigger points are the most important. The

practitioner is well served by being conscious of the acupuncture
points, and established trigger points and their proper location. The
proper location is like using a map. A map shows you where the
place is, but it is only approximate. The location indicated is only
as good as the map. And the map is only a symbol. So the best
practice is to know the location of the local acupuncture points and
established trigger points to get you to the area where the Qi can
be most easily accessed, and then palpate for the exact location of
the point to be needled.
Adjacent means to palpate - radiating out from the painful site -for
adjacent points that are reactive. In short, finding the associated
trigger points. Some sources consider related points at adjacent
joints to be adjacent points. For example, using LI 10 for shoulder
pain. I have no problem with this, but it’s not a substitute for trigger
point palpation.
It’s not a bad idea to choose local, adjacent, and distal points from
standard points on the Yang meridians, whenever possible. The
Yang meridians are best for treating Yang disorders, and most
musculoskeletal and neurological pain syndromes are generally
considered Yang disorders.
Major Yang Meridian Points to keep in the forefront of your mind,

for easy and regular application as local, distal and adjacent points:
LI 1, 4, 10, 14, 15, 20
ST 6, 7, 30, 36, 44, 45
SJ 1, 3, 5
GB 2, 8, 14, 20, 21, 26, 34, 41, 44
SI 1, 3, 11, 18
UB 1, 2, 10, 13, 18, 23, 40, 60, 62, 67
DU 4, 14, 20
LR 1, 3, 13 (The Liver is the Exception the the Rule. Liver
points work as well as Yang Meridian points, for treating pain.)

Sinew (Tendino-Muscular) Meridians
Keep the Pathways of the Yang Sinew Meridians in mind, and treat
Jing Points to clear pain from them. The Sinew Meridians can make
a tremendous difference when treating pain. Bleeding 3-10 drops
from the jing points on the affected meridians is often my first treat-
ment for pain, especially in acute injuries.
Zonal Treatment for Treating Pain by Area

The following zones can be opened or activated by treating the dis-
tal points associated with them. Opening these zones is one of
the best ways to begin a treatment for pain.
Posterior Zone: SI 3, UB 62
Lateral Zone / Low Back/Hip/Sciatica: GB 41, SJ 5
Anterior (Internal) Zone: Lu7, KD 6
Anterior (External) Zone: LI4 - ST 36
Medial (Internal) Zone: Sp 4, PC 6
Medial (External) Zone: PC 6 – LR 3

Zonal Treatment Procedure:
1. Determine in which Zone the disorder is manifesting
2. Treat appropriate zonal point that lies closest to the pain
3. Treat the second associated zonal point on the opposite
side
4. Proceed with the rest of the treatment (Local, Distal, Adja-
cent, Microsystems, etc.)
Example: Pain in Right Buttock

1. Posterior Zone, (Lower Right Quadrant)
2. Needle: UB 62 on the Right (Posterior Zone, Right Side,
Lower Body)
3. Needle: SI 3 on the Left
4. Palpate, and treat Local and Trigger Points as necessary,
etc.
This is a simple procedure that has a big pay off.
Microsystems
I use points from the Ear, and Scalp in most all treatments for
pain. While I have not covered them in this book, microsystems
are very useful, and one should consider using them for all painful
conditions. Microsystem points are particularly helpful in that, when
treated correctly, they often have instant effects. Hence, you get
clear and direct feedback on the effectiveness of your technique
and diagnosis. You should know a good selection of points and
lines from the following microsystems of acupuncture: Auricular
Acupuncture, Scalp Acupuncture Points & Lines, and Chinese
Hand Acupuncture. There are many good charts for finding these
points.
The indications for most all Microsystem points are apparent from
their names. For example, the foot point on the ear is good for

treating any problems associated with the foot. Perhaps in the
next edition I will cover them in some detail.
Scalp Acupuncture can be especially effective, and when done cor-

rectly, it it’s no less comfortable than other forms of acupuncture. If
you haven’t learned APS-USA (AcuPractice Seminars Unified
Scalp Acupuncture), or YNSA (Yamamoto New Scalp Acupunc-
ture), then I recommend that you learn one or the other. You’ll be
glad you did.
The next page lists a group of points that are the main local points
on various areas of the body, that are particularly useful for treating
pain. All practitioners should be thoroughly familiar with them. They
are points that you will likely be using over and over again in your
practice.

The Main Local Points for Treating Pain
Head
St 3, 5, 6, 7, 8 LI 20
GB 8, 14, 20 DU (GV) 20
SI 18
_____________________________________________
Neck
GB 20, 21 UB 10
DU 14 LI 17 area
_____________________________________________
Shoulder
GB 21 LI 14, 15, 16
SJ 14, 15 SI 9,10,11,12
Jian Nei Ling (½ way between LI 15 and the superior
anterior end of the axial crease)
_____________________________________________
Elbow
LI 11,12 SI 8
SJ 10
_____________________________________________
Wrist
LI4, 5 SJ 4
SI 3, 4, 5, 6
_____________________________________________
Hip
GB 26,27,29,30
_____________________________________________
Knee
St 35, 36 GB 34
SP 9 (Yin)
_____________________________________________
Ankle
St 41 GB 40
UB 60, 61, 62

The Recipes: Treating Specific Painful Conditions
How To Use These Recipes
First, I will often begin a course of treatments by bleeding 8-10

drops from the Jing point(s) on the affected meridian(s). I usu-
ally find that this works well for the first treatment or two, and can
substantially reduce pain and discomfort. Subsequent treatment of
Jing points generally offers only marginal results.
Secondly, I usually open the appropriate Zone.
The next step I’m likely to take is to add in other distal points,
chosen from the recipes below.
Then I’ll likely proceed with local and adjacent treatment as

determined by palpation, informed by my knowledge of the ap-
propriate acupuncture points and trigger points and their re-
ferral patterns.
While this is a good approach in many, if not most cases, it won’t

work every time. If it doesn’t, it’s time to look more carefully at the
particular patient and pattern, to determine the best course of treat-
ment.

Headaches
Note: During a headache, use only light/gentle stimulus on
local points
General Headache Points: Use these points for all
headaches, add specific points (below) for specific
headaches
LI 4, LU 7, SJ 5, GB 41, LR 3, Ear Shen Men
Frontal Headache: St 36, St 8, GB 14, UB 2, Yu Yao
One-Sided Headache: Tai Yang, GB 8 on the affected side
Eye Headache / Pain: UB 2, GB 2 on affected side
Occipital Headache: GB 20
Vertex Headache: Du 20, Si Shen Cong
Of course many headaches are chronic, and may require a deeper

look into the pattern of disharmony that is causing the headaches.
Still, these treatments work well in many cases.
Facial Pain
TMJ and/or Tooth Pain: LI 4, LU 7, ST 44,
Add 1 or more of the following based on pain location:
St 3, St 4, St 5, St 6, St 7, SI 18
Scalp: Lower 2/5th of the Sensory Area
on the opposite side
Trigeminal Neuralgia: Same as above: Use caution on
same side of pain. Often it’s best to focus on distal points
and use local points on the opposite side from the pain, to
avoid triggering the pain.

Neck Pain & Stiffness
“Nape & Neck” and “Shoulder” Points on the Hand (lo-
cated in both proximal metaphyses of the metacarpopha-
langeal joint of the index finger) should always be tried when
treating neck pain & stiffness.
Anterior Neck Pain/ Stiffness

LI 4, LU 7, ST 36 Palpate and treat as necessary, local and
adjacent trigger points, especially along the SCM and Sca-
lene, following down to the pectoral region.
Lateral Neck Pain / Stiffness

LI 4, LU 7, SJ 5, GB 41, Palpate and treat as necessary, lo-
cal and adjacent trigger points especially along the SCM and
Scalene.
Posterior Neck Pain / Stiffness

SI 3, UB 62, Palpate and treat as necessary, local and adja-
cent trigger points, especially along the trapezius and follow-
ing tight muscles down into the back. The trigger points of-
ten cross the midline in the upper, mid and lower back, so be
sure to palpate both sides of the spine.
Wrist & Hand Pain

This is often associated with trigger points in the fore-
arm. Palpate and treat as necessary, local and adjacent
trigger points starting at the elbow and working your
way down to the wrist. Of course you can and should treat
local points, especially choosing from the effected Meridians.
Perhaps choosing from the following:
LI 4, 5: LU 7, 8, 9, 10 SJ 3, 4
SI 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 PC 7, 8
Arm & Shoulder Pain

Anterior Arm/Shoulder Pain
LI 4, ST 36, LI 14, LI 15, Jian Nei Ling Palpate and treat as
necessary, local and adjacent trigger points.
LU 7 and KD 6 might be substituted for LI 4 & St 36, if the
pain is closer to the LU meridian, or if the first set of points
are not effective.
Lateral Arm/Shoulder Pain

SJ 5, GB 41, LI 14, LI 15, GB 21, Palpate and treat as nec-
essary, local and adjacent trigger points.
Posterior Arm/Shoulder Pain

SI 3, UB 62, SI 9 and/or SI 10, SI 11 and/or SI 12, Palpate
and treat as necessary, local and adjacent trigger points.
Upper and Mid Back Pain
SI 3, UB62 to open the Posterior Zone
There are a number of good acupuncture points for treating

the mid and upper back, including the traps, but the Treat-
ments of choice for this area are Cupping and Gua Sha.
Cupping and Gua Sha can often release stagnation in this
area quite effectively, and should usually be part of the treat-
ment approach.
Trigger points primarily, especially in the region of:

SI 11, and GB 21.
Also chose points from:

Du 8 -14 and the associated Hua To Jia Ji Points

Low Back & Hip Pain and Sciatica
There are many influences on the low back and hips. Con-
sider that the following Meridians all pass through and influ-
ence the lower back:
Urinary Bladder
Du Mai (Governing Vessel)
Dai Mai (Belt Vessel)
Gall Bladder
In addition the strength of the low back is dependent on the

vitality of the Kidneys.
Given all that, I have found that Opening the Dai Mai with
GB 41 & SJ 5 can be a highly effective treatment. That’s
how I often begin a course of treatment. If you try this ap-
proach, you will be surprised at how often it gives very good
results.
Another very good approach is to begin by Opening the

Posterior Zone, with SI 3 & UB 62.
The following points all are useful local points for treating the
low back and hips, and should be considered for treatment.
Along with the usual palpation and treatment of Ashi and
Trigger Points.
GB 26, Du 4, UB 23, UB 52, UB 25, UB 32.
Distal Points include UB 40, UB 60, UB 67

Knee Pain
Knees can be a little stubborn for a number of reasons. First, they
take a lot of abuse from bearing excess weight, suffering from im-
proper foot position when walking, and the relatively Yin location of
the knees. Remember Yin is substantial, and the further down in
the body one goes, the more substantial the problem becomes, and
subsequently the tougher to move. That said, there are some
good points to treat the knees.
Distally, in addition to the usual Jing points and Zonal points, you
can stimulate Shi Mian (center of the heel). I usually use moxa for
this, but you can also needle it.
Adjacent treatment generally consists of palpation above and below

the knee, especially focusing on the calf to find trigger points.
Local Points: ST 36, 35, 34, GB 34, Sp 9, 10, Xi Yan, UB 40
Foot & Ankle Pain

Once again, the Yin location of the feet sometimes makes them dif-
ficult to treat, so I recommend you use a lot of points on the feet. I
feel patients benefit from even 10 -12 points on each foot, if
needed. I mainly choose from the Yang meridians, but don’t limit
myself to them. The Liver meridian can be very useful here too. Lo-
cal points to choose from include:
Check the calf carefully for trigger points
SP 6 and GB 39 together to open the meridians in the foot &
Ankle
Any of the Jing Points: UB 67, GB 44, ST 45, LR 1, Sp 1,
ST 44, 42, 41
GB 43, 42, 40
UB 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65
LR 2, 3, 4
SP 2, 3, 4, 5
KD 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Abdominal Pain
Abdominal Pain is clearly an internal medical problem and
there are many reasons for it. With so many diagnosis result-
ing in abdominal pain, it’s difficult to offer comprehensive
treatment advice in this work. However, there are a few treat-
ments that can often help. As with all disorders, be sure
you’ve diagnosed the patient carefully before beginning treat-
ment.
Open the Dai Mai GB 41, SJ 5

And/Or
Open the Chong Mai SP 4, PC 6
Choose from: Ren 2, 4, 6, ST 25, REN 12
7. Review: National Board Exam & Program

A. Introduction
1. This class will cover the information needed to effectively apply
acupuncture in clinical settings, and to pass the National Boards
in Acupuncture
2. Differing levels of understanding of the material apply to the vari-
ous national exams.
a) NBCE
b) ACA / ABCA
c) NCCAOM
3. Reference Material
a) CookbookAcupuncture: by Jim Ventresca
b) The Web That Has No Weaver: by Ted Kaptchuck
c) Acupuncture Clean Needle Technique Manual http://www.c-
caom.org/cntprogram.asp
d) The Foundations of Chinese Medicine: by Giovani Maccocia
e) A Manual of Acupuncture: by Peter Deadman and Mazin Al-
Khafaji with Kevin Baker
4. History:
a) Nei Jing: Yellow Emperor’s Internal Classic of Medicine
(1) Oldest extant book on Acupuncture & Chinese Medicine
(2) Probably written between 300 and 100 BCE

b) The Nan Jing
(1) Written in the Han Dynasty 206 BCE - 220 CE
c) Chiropractic Acupuncture in US Since 1970s
5. The Five Branches of Oriental Medicine
a) Acupuncture/Moxibustion
b) Herbal Medicine
c) Exercise : Qi Gong Tai Ji(ABCA
d) Diet/Lifestyle
e) Massage & Manipulation
B. General Theory
1. Yin Yang
a) Everything consists of Yin & Yang
(1) Relative terms that exist only in relationship to one another
(2) Nothing is totally Yin or totally Yang
(3) Yang produces Yin and Yin produces yang
(4) If Yin increases, Yang decreases and vice versa
(5) Each is necessary for the other’s existence
(6) Infinitely Divisible
(7) Inter-transformational Inter-consuming & Inter-supporting
(8) At extremes Yin and Yang transform into one another
b) Functions of Yin & Yang Energies in the Body
c) Yin/Yang Table of Correspondences
d) Anatomy of Yin/Yang Relationship Within Body
2. Eight Principles
a) Four Sets of Parameters
(1) Yin / Yang
(2) Excess / Deficient
(3) Internal / External
(4) Hot / Cold
b) Yin / Yang
(1) Based on the other 6 principles
c) Excess / Deficient
(1) There are Many Various Signs of Excesses and Deficiencies in
Organs, Substances, and Meridians.
d) Internal / External
(1) Location of Disease or Etiology
(2) Internal
(a) Many manifestations within the Organs Bones & Blood

(3) External
(a) Skin
(b) Muscles
(c) Meridians (Channels & Collaterals)
(d) Lungs:
i) Special Case: Upper Respiratory Infection (OPI/EPI/EPF)
e) Hot / Cold
3. Five Elements
a) Cycles & Pathology
(1) Within each phase/element are Yin and Yang aspects, some-
times referred to as the husband-wife relationship
(2) REVIEW Creative or Generating Cycle (Sheng)
(a) AKA: Mother / Son Cycle
(3) REVIEW Control Cycle (Ko)
(a) AKA: Grandmother / Grandson relationship
b) REVIEW: AcuPractice’s Table of 5 Element Correspondences
4. Chronotherapy (The Horary Cycle)
a) 3-5AM / LU
b) 5-7AM / LI
c) 7-9AM / ST
d) 9-11AM / SP
e) 11AM-1PM / HT
f) 1-3PM / SI
g) 3-5PM / UB
h) 5-7PM / KD
i) 7-9 PM / PC
j) 9-11PM / SJ
k) 11PM - 1AM / GB
l) 1-3AM / LR
C. The Essential Substances :
1. Qi, Xue (Blood), Jing (Essence), Shen (Spirit), Jin Ye (Fluids)
2. Qi
a) Energy, Prana, Life-force, Innate
b) The Body Is It’s Physical Manifestation
c) Circulates Inside and Outside the Meridians
d) Origin
(1) Constitution
(2) Food / Drink

(3) Air/ Environment
e) Functions Of Qi
(1) Activation Or Movement
(2) Warmth
(3) Transformation
(4) Defense
(5) Containment
f) Imbalances Of Qi
(1) Deficient Qi (Qi Deficiency)
(a) Signs & Symptoms (S&S)
(b) Fatigue
(c) Malaise
(d) Pale Face
(e) Weak Pulse
(f) Pale & Swollen (Puffy) Tongue
(g) Organ Dysfunction
(2) Collapsed Qi
(a) S&S (Two Presentations)
(b) Qi Deficiency S & S + Prolapse
(c) Qi Deficiency S & S + Heart Attack
(3) Stagnant Qi (Qi Yu)
(a) S&S
(b) Dull Achy Pain / Unfixed in Time And Space
(c) Intermittent Or Traveling Pain
(d) Feels Better With Massage Strokes
(e) Intercostal Neuralgia (LR Qi Yu)
(4) Rebellious Qi
(a) Moving In The Opposite Direction
(b) S&S
(c) Nausea / Vomiting / Acid Reflux
(d) Cough / Sneezing
3. Jing
a) AKA: Pre-Heaven Qi, Constitutional Qi
b) Formed At Conception; Inherited From The Parents
c) Governs Growth and Development
d) Stored In The Kidneys
e) Imbalance: Jing Deficiency
(1) Poor Development In Children
(2) Poor Concentration / Memory

(3) Reproductive Disorders
(4) Loose Teeth
(5) Brittle Bones
(6) Gray-Thinning Hair
(7) Senility
4. Blood
a) Blood Is Yin In Relationship To Qi
b) Blood Is A Fluid and a Type of Qi
c) Liquid Form Of Qi (Yin In Nature)
d) Functions:
(1) Nourishes All Parts Of The Body
(2) Moistens All Parts Of The Body
(3) Esp. Tendons, Eyes, Hair
(4) Maintains Physical Structure
(5) Cools
(6) Calms
(7) Provides Rest & Ability to Rest
e) Relationships Of Blood:
(1) Heart: Moves It Through Body
(2) Liver: Stores and Releases (includes Menstrual Blood)
(3) Spleen: Produces Blood & Holds It In the Vessels
f) Disharmonies Of Blood:
(1) Deficient Blood (Xue Deficiency)
(a) Similar to Qi Deficiency, but with the addition of Lack of Nourish-
ment, and Moistening
(b) Fatigue
(c) Malaise
(d) Pale Lusterless Face
(e) Weak Thin Pulse
(f) Pale & Thin Tongue
(g) Organ Dysfunction
(h) Dry Skin
(i) Brittle Hair
(j) Twitches And Spasms (Due To Drying Out Of Tendons)
(k) Scanty/Light/Shortened/Infrequent Menses
(l) Dizziness
(m) Difficulty Falling Asleep (Yin Substance)
(n) Dry Eyes (Liver)
(2) Stuck Blood (Xue Yu)

(a) Sharp, Stabbing Pain Fixed in Time & Space
(b) Tumors Or Cysts (Non-Moving)
(c) Swollen Organs
(d) Hematoma
(3) Hot Blood
(a) Red Dry Skin
(b) Pimples
(c) Rashes
(d) Hemorrhage Of Fresh Red Blood (Hemorrhoids, Uterine Bleed-
ing, Urine)
5. Fluids: Jin Ye
b) Includes All Normal Bodily Fluids Except Blood
c) Jin: Clear, More Yang, Watery
d) Ye: Thick, Internal, More Yin
6. Shen (Spirit)
a) Spirit That Is Stored In The Heart and Reflected in the Eyes
b) Emotional Problems, Psychological And Emotional Shock, Dis-
turbances Of Psychological/Mental Nature
D. The Causes of Disease or Pathogenic Factors
1. External Pathogenic Factors AKA The Evil Winds
a) Wind
b) Cold
c) Damp
d) Dryness
e) Heat
f) Summer Heat
2. Internal Pathogenic Factors AKA The Emotions
a) Anger
b) Joy
c) Melancholy & Grief
d) Meditation (Over thinking)
e) Fear
f) Fright
3. Miscellaneous Pathogenic Factors
a) Inappropriate Diet
b) Inappropriate Exercise
c) Inappropriate Timing

d) Parasites
e) Trauma
f) Insect / Animal Bites
g) Epidemics
h) Wrong Treatment
E. Organs
1. Lungs
a) AKA: Tender Organ, Master Of Qi
b) Opens To The Nose & Throat
c) Most Easily Affected By OPI
d) Dislikes Cold And Dryness
e) Properties & Functions
(1) Liquefies, Descends, Disseminates & Circulates Fluids
(2) Governs Qi & Respiration
(3) Rules The Exterior
f) Common Disharmonies:
(1) LU Qi Deficiency
(2) LU Yin Deficiency
(3) Rebellious Qi in LU
(4) OPI
(5) Dampness. Phlegm in LU
g) Major S&S: Respiratory
2. Large Intestine
a) The Official In Charge Of The Dregs
b) Dependent Upon Lungs For Descending
3. Spleen
a) AKA: The Official In Charge Of Transportation And Transforma-
tion (T&T)
b) Governs T&T of Qi, Blood & Jin Ye
c) Holds Blood & Organs in Place
d) Opens To The Mouth: Manifests In The Lips
e) Dislikes Dampness & Cold
f) Rules The Flesh & Muscles
g) Common Disharmonies:
(1) SP Qi Deficiency
(2) SP Blood Deficiency
(3) SP Yang Deficiency
(4) Dampness in SP

h) Major S&S
(1) Lower Digestive
(2) Fatigue
4. Stomach
a) The Official In Charge Of Rotting And Ripening
b) Prepares Food and Drink for T&T by the Spleen
c) Common Disharmonies:
(1) Rebellious ST Qi
(2) Heat in the ST
d) Major S&S: Upper Digestive
5. Heart AKA: The Emperor
a) Houses The Consciousness / Shen
b) Rules Blood And Blood Vessels
c) Dislikes Heat
d) Opens To The Tongue
e) Manifests In The Complexion
f) Common Disharmonies:
(1) Heart Blood Deficiency
(2) Heart Yin Deficiency
(3) Blood Stagnation in the Heart or Chest
(4) Heat in the Heart
g) Major S&S
(1) Psychological Disorders
(2) Palpitations
6. Small Intestine
a) Separates The Pure From The Impure
7. Liver
a) AKA The General AKA Free & Easy Wanderer
b) In Charge of Planning
c) Responsible for the Smooth and Easy Flow of Qi & Emotions
d) Rules the Tendons & Muscles
(1) Tight/Tense Muscles
(2) Tics, Twitches & Tremors Sea of Blood (Stores)
e) The Master Alchemist / transmutes and detoxifies
f) Opens To The Eyes
g) Dislikes WIND (Heat / Stagnation)
h) Houses the Hun (ego)
i) Common Disharmonies:

(1) Liver Qi Stagnation
(2) Liver Invading
(a) Stomach
(b) Spleen
(c) Lung
(3) Liver Blood Stagnation
(a) Painful periods, Clots, Sharp Stabbing Pain
j) Major S&S:
(1) Stress Related Disorders
(2) Anger / Irritability
(3) Gynecological problems
(4) Meridian related Sx.
(a) Damp-Heat in the Liver and Gall Bladder
8. Gall Bladder
a) The Official in Charge of Decision Making
b) Very Closely Related to the LR
9. Kidney
a) AKA Root of Yin & Yang / Root of Life
b) Opens To The Ears
c) Dislikes Cold
d) Functions
(1) Stores Jing
(2) It houses the Will
(3) Rules the Bones
(4) Housed in the Low Back
(5) Rules the Knees & Ankles
(6) Governs birth, growth and reproduction.
(7) Nourishes and Warms (supplies Yin & Yang to) the Lower
Warmer
e) Common Disharmonies:
(1) Deficiencies ONLY: NO Excess Conditions
(2) KD Qi Deficiency
(3) KD Yang Deficiency
(4) KD Yin Deficiency
(5) KD Jing Deficiency
f) Major S&S:
(1) General Qi & Yang Deficiency S & Sx
(2) General Yin Deficiency S & Sx

(3) Low Back / Knee Pain and Weakness
(4) Impotence and Infertility
(5) Incontinence / Urinary Frequency
(6) S&S of Premature Ageing
10. Urinary Bladder
a) Transforming and excreting fluids via the power of KD Qi
11. Pericardium
a) The Minister: Insulates, Screens, & Protects The Heart
b) Maintains The Order Of The Heart Energy
c) Treats All Heart Disorders Organic & Spirit
12. San Jiao
a) AKA: Triple Heater, Triple Warmer, Triple Energizer Triple
Burner
b) Literally Three Burning Spaces
c) Upper Jiao
(1) LU & HT
(2) Respiration & Circulation
d) Middle Jiao
(1) SP & ST
(2) Digestion & Assimilation
e) Lower Jiao
(1) KD, UB & Reproductive Organs
(2) Elimination & Reproduction
f) The Three Jiaos are collectively responsible for Water Metabo-
lism
(1) Classically Described As A System Of Sluices Or Waterways
(2) Lung Adjusts Water
(a) Descends & Disseminates - Sends it down
(3) Spleen Transforms Water
(a) T & T - Sends it Up
(4) Kidney Rules Water
(a) Powers the Process
13. Extraordinary (Curious) Organs
a) Fu Shape /Store Essences
b) Six Curious Organs
(1) Gall Bladder
(2) Brain
(3) Marrow

(4) Bone
(5) Blood Vessels
(6) Uterus
F. Tongue and Pulse Diagnosis
1. REVIEW Tongue
a) Areas
b) Color
c) Shape
d) Coating
e) Moisture
f) Features
2. REVIEW Pules
a) Speed
b) Strength
c) Positions
d) Qualities
3. REVIEW Tongue & Pulse Usual Combinations
G. Clean Needle Technique
1. Hand Washing
2. Sterile Needles
3. Clean Field
4. Isolate Used Needles Immediately
5. Universal Precautions: Prevention of Exposure and Prevention
of Disease if Exposure Occurs.
6. Clean Technique
a) Using Sterilization, Disinfection, Antisepsis, washing, etc.
b) Clean Field
c) Biohazard Container
7. Risks to Acupuncture Providers
8. Risks to Acupuncture Patients
a) Needle Sickness / Fainting
b) Pain / Bruising / Swelling at Needle Site
c) Stuck Needle
d) Forgotten Needle
e) Neuritis
f) Moxa Burns
g) Abscess
h) Allergic Dermatitis

i) Broken Needle
j) Auricular Chondritis
k) Pneumothorax
l) Organ Puncture
m) Seizures
9. Contraindications and Cautions
a) Always use Caution when treating Patients who are or may be
(1) Pregnant
(2) Elderly
(3) Imunocomprimised
(4) Diabetic
(5) Very Tired
(6) Very Hungry
(7) Under the influence of any Mind Altering/Pain Relieving Medica-
tions
(8) Numb in an area to be treated
b) Points Contraindicated in Pregnancy
c) LI 4
(1) SP 6
(2) GB 21 (Caution)
(3) Points on the Abdomen (Caution)
(4) Points on the Lower Back (Caution)
(5) GB 21 Contraindicated for patients with Heart Conditions
d) Electro-Acupuncture Contraindicated for patients with
(1) Pacemakers and other electrical implants
(2) History of Seizure Disorders
(3) Strongly Recommended not to apply electro-acupuncture across
the heart (i.e. Chest to Back/ Left to Right/ Arm to Arm)
H. Acupuncture Techniques
1. Acupuncture/Moxibustion
a) Needles
(1) Standard
(2) Retained
(3) Bleeding
b) Moxa
(1) Direct
(2) Indirect
c) Electro-Acupuncture

(1) Milliamp & Microamp
(2) Invasive / Non-Invasive
2. Non-invasive Techniques
a) Cupping
b) Guasha
c) LASER
d) Pressballs / Seeds
e) Magnets
3. Moxa
I. Acupuncture Points and Meridians
1. Body Measurements and General Point Location
2. Point Categories
a) Front Mu /Alarm: Treat the Organ (Yin)
b)
c) Back Shu /Associated: Treat the Organ (Yang)
d) Yuan / Source: Treat the Yuan/Jing Level of the Organ
e) Horary: Element Point that matches the Organ
f) Luo /Connecting: Connects Husband/Wife Meridians
g) Xi Cleft /Accumulation: Pain along the Meridian
h) 5 Element/Command
(1) Wood/Mu
(2) Fire/Huo
(3) Earth/Tu
(4) Metal/Jin
(5) Water/Shui
i) Tonification / Mother (previous 5-element Sheng cycle point)
j) Sedation / Son (subsequent 5-element Sheng cycle point)
k) Transport (Shu Points)
(1) Jing-Well aka Ting or Tsing
(2) TM Meridian Clearing
(3) Ying-Spring
(4) Shu-Stream
(5) Used with Jing-well for TM tx.
(6) Jing-River
(7) He-Sea
l) Ah Shi Points: Locally Reactive Points (Trigger Points)
3. Du Meridian “Governing Vessel”

a) The pathway of the Du Meridian runs from the perineum, up
through the middle of the spine over the head and ending at the
upper lip. All its points are on the posterior midline of the body.
It is also the most Yang meridian on the body. Since Yang
Meridians are often used to treat disorders along the pathway of
the meridian, the Du is important, for treating any and all disor-
ders of the back and specifically the spine.
4. Ren Meridian “Conception Vessel.”
a) The pathway of the Ren Meridian runs from the perineum, up
the midline of the front of the body ending just under the lower
lip. All its points are on the anterior midline of the body. It is also
the most Yin meridian on the body. Since Yin Meridians are of-
ten used to treat internal disorders, the Ren is important, for
treating many internal disorders and especially those associated
with reproductive functions.
5. Lung/Fei
a) The pathway of the Lung Meridian runs from the second inter-
costal space 2/3 the distance from the middle of the sternum to
the acromion process, down the anterior surface of the arm and
ending at the proximal radial corner of the nail of the thumb.
Since Yin Meridians are often used to treat internal disorders,
the Lung Meridian is important, for treating many internal disor-
ders associated with the Lungs. These include all respiratory
disorders and symptoms associated with colds and flus.
6. Large Intestine/ Da Chang
a) The pathway of the Large Intestine Meridian runs from the proxi-
mal radial corner of the index finger along the arm on the lateral
border of the radial bone to the top of the shoulder, crossing the
SCM on the neck to the lower border of the ala nsai, on the op-
posite side. Since Yang Meridians are often used to treat disor-
ders along the pathway of the meridian, the Large Intestine is
important, for treating any and all disorders of arm, neck and
head.
7. Stomach/Wei
a) The pathway of the Stomach meridian runs from the middle of
the lower border of the eye socket down to the outer corner of
the mouth, then back to the mandible and up to the corner of the
hairline. From there it proceeds down the front of the body along
the mid-clavicular line over the ribcage, where it moves closer to

the midline and down to the upper border of the pubic bone.
From here it travels out to the leg and along a trajectory just lat-
eral to the crest of the tibia, and on to the foot, ending at the
proximal medial corner of the nail of second toe. Since Yang
Meridians are often used to treat disorders along the pathway of
the meridian, the Stomach meridian is important, for treating any
and all disorders of and eye, head, teeth, and leg.
8. Spleen/Pi
a) The pathway of the Spleen Meridian runs from the proximal me-
dial corner of the nail of the great toe along the medial edge of
the foot, up the leg following the posterior border of the tibia. At
he waist it runs parallel to the midline along the mid-clavicular
line until it departs to end at the mid-axillary line midway be-
tween the axilla and the free end of the 11th rib. Since Yin
Meridians are often used to treat internal disorders, the Spleen
Meridian is important, for treating many internal disorders asso-
ciated with the Spleen. These include all digestive disorders
and symptoms associated with fatigue, and dampness.
9. Heart / Xin
a) The pathway of the Heart Meridian runs from the middle of the
axiclla down the medial surface of the arm and ending at the
proximal radial corner of the nail of the pinky finger. Since Yin
Meridians are often used to treat internal disorders, the Heart
Meridian is important, for treating disorders associated with the
Heart. These include all mental / emotional disorders and symp-
toms associated with sleep.
10. Small Intestine/Xiao Chang
a) The pathway of the Small Intestine Meridian runs from the proxi-
mal ulnar corner of the pinky finger along the arm on the lateral
border of the ulnar bone to the back of the shoulder, through the
scapula, up to the back of the neck past the ear and ending lat-
eral to the eye. Since Yang Meridians are often used to treat
disorders along the pathway of the meridian, the Small Intestine
is important, for treating any and all disorders along its pathway,
especially around the scapula, and neck.
11. Urinary Bladder / Pang Guang
a) The pathway of the Urinary Bladder Meridian runs from the me-
dial inner canthus up over the head just lateral to the midline,
down the side of the neck where it separates into tow pathways,

both running parallel to the midline of the back. One pathway is
located at the distance of the medial border of the scapula, and
the other is halfway between the medial border of the scapula
and the midline. At the sacrum the meridian moves out to the
buttocks and down to the center of popliteal crease, and
throughout the back of the calf, to the ankle where it runs just
under the lateral maleoleous ending at the lateral proximal cor-
ner of the little toe. Since Yang Meridians are often used to treat
disorders along the pathway of the meridian, the Urinary Bladder
is important, for treating any and all disorders of back, and legs.
It should also be noted that this meridian contains the “Back Shu
Points.” These are specific points for each of the Organs.
12. Kidney / Shen
a) The pathway of the Kidney Meridian runs from the center of the
ball of the foot along the medial edge of the foot, under the me-
dial malleolus, up the medial aspect of the leg posterior to the
tibia. At the waist it runs parallel and just lateral to the midline
ending at the top of the sternum. Since Yin Meridians are often
used to treat internal disorders, the Kidney Meridian is impor-
tant, for treating many internal disorders associated with the Kid-
ney. These include all growth development and ageing, repro-
ductive and urinary disorders and symptoms associated with fa-
tigue, and general weakness.
13. Pericardium/ Xin Bao Luo
a) The pathway of the Pericardium Meridian runs from the chest
down the medial surface of the arm and ending at the tip of the
middle finger. Since Yin Meridians are often used to treat inter-
nal disorders, and the Pericardium is closely related to the Heart
Meridian, it is most commonly used to treat disorders associ-
ated with the Heart. These include all mental / emotional disor-
ders and symptoms associated with sleep, as well as organic
heart disorders.
14. Triple Heater / Triple Warmer / San Jiao
a) The pathway of the San Jiao is similar to that of the Small Intes-
tine but more radial.. It runs from the proximal ulnar corner of
the ring finger along the arm on the lateral border of the ulnar
bone to the back of the shoulder, along the top posterior aspect
of the trapezius, up to the back of the neck around the ear and
ending just anterior to the tragus of the ear. Since Yang Meridi-

ans are often used to treat disorders along the pathway of the
meridian, the San Jiao is important, for treating any and all dis-
orders along it’s pathway, especially around the shoulder, and
ear.
15. Gall Bladder / Dan
a) The pathway of the Gall Bladder Meridian runs from the Lateral
outer canthus back and forth coursing the sides of the head,
down the side of the neck where it follows the top of the trapez-
ius, down to the side of the ribcage, throughout the flanks, to the
hip, and down along the most lateral aspect of the leg, to the an-
kle where it runs under the lateral maleoleous ending at the lat-
eral proximal corner of the fourth toe. Since Yang Meridians are
often used to treat disorders along the pathway of the meridian,
the Gall Bladder is important, for treating any and all disorders of
sides of the head, trunk, hip, and legs
16. Liver / Gan
a) The pathway of the Liver Meridian runs from the proximal lateral
corner of the nail of the great toe along the medial edge of the
foot, up to the posterior to the border of the tibia between the
Spleen and Kidney meridians. At he waist it runs parallel to the
midline until it departs to the free end of the 11th rib, ending at
the sixth intercostals space on the mid-clavicular line. The Liver
Meridian is important, for treating many internal disorders asso-
ciated with the Liver. These include many emotional disorders
and symptoms associated with stagnation and wind.
17. Extraordinary Points
18. Additional Meridians
a) The Eight Extraordinary Meridians.
(1) Access the deepest energies of the individual
(2) Equalizing Qi Reservoirs
(3) Link Meridians and Organs
(4) Zonal / Planar Tx. Of Pain
(5) Master & Couple Points
(a) SI3 and BL62
(b) TH5 and GB41
(c) LU7 and KI6
(d) SP4 and P6.
(e) Ren Mai
i) Master Point Lu 7

(f) Du Mai
i) Master Point SI 3
(g) Chong Mai
i) Master Point SP 4
(h) Dai Mai
i) Master Point GB 41
(i) Yang Wei Mai
i) Master Point SJ 5
(j) Yin Wei Mai
i) Master Point PC 6
(k) Yang Qiao Mai
i) Master Point UB 62
(l) Yin Qiao Mai
i) Master Point KD 6
b) 12 Tendino-Muscular (Sinew) Meridians
(1) Circulate on the periphery of the body.
(2) Do not penetrate to the Zangfu.
(3) Are associated with and take their names from the twelve pri-
mary channels.
(4) Originate at the extremities / Jing-Well Points
(5) Broadly follow the course of their associated primary channels
but are wider.
(6) Pain / Trauma
c) 12 Divergent Meridians
(1) Connect with their paired channel
(2) Deeper than Main Meridians
(3) Govern the inside of the body
d) 12 Skin Regions
(1) Related to the Main Meridians
(2) Explain Dx & Tx via the skin
e) 15 Luo Connecting Channels
(1) One small branching channel for each of the 12 primary chan-
nels, one each for the Ren & Du, and one for the Great Luo of
the Spleen
f) Minute Collaterals
J. Auricular Acupuncture and Other Microsystems
1. Ear, Scalp, Hand
a) Find point exactly

b) Apply Active or Passive Movement During the Treatment
c) Look For Immediate Change
2. Auricular Acupuncture
a) Ear Anatomy is Crutial for Locating Points on Any Exam
b) Major Points
(1) Shen Men
(2) Heart
(3) Liver
(4) Kidney
(5) Sympathetic N
(6) Thirst
(7) Hunger
(8) Nicotine
(9) Shoulder-Arm-Hand-Finger
(10) Back
(11) Hip-Leg-Foot-Toe
(12) Sciatica
(13) Uterus
(14) Toothache
(15) Aspirin Pt.
K. Name That Disharmony / Diagnosis Review
L. A Patient Presents with the following signs and symptoms:
Fatigue, loose stools, pale thin tongue with a white coat,
pale and lusterless face, lack of appetite, weak limbs, and a
weak and thin pulse.
M. A patient presents with the following signs and symptoms:
Chronic neck and shoulder tension, pain in rib cage,
plumb pit throat, pain on palpation on lower left side of the
abdomen, angry disposition, slightly purple tongue, wiry
pulse.
N. A patient presents with the following signs and symptoms:
Palpitations, malaise, fatigue,, a weak thin pulse, forgetful-
ness, confusion, and pale thin tongue with white coat, a pale
lusterless face, and a thin weak pulse.
O. A patient presents with the following signs and symptoms:
Insomnia, chronic dry, sore throat, malor flush, restless-
ness, palpitations, weak legs, low back pain, dark scanty uri-
nation, thin red tongue with a peeled coat, thin rapid pulse.

P. A Patient Presents with the following signs and symptoms:
Sore Low Back which feels weak, and somewhat better with
heat, frequent clear copious urination, low sex drive, fatigue,
pale face, weak and slow pulse, pale and puffy tongue with a
wet coat.
Q. A patient presents with the following signs and symptoms:
Asthma, restlessness, insomnia, thin and rapid pulse, thin
red tongue with no coat.
R. A patient presents with the following signs and symptoms:
Insomnia, thin pale tongue especially at the center and tip,
pale lusterless face, palpitations, chronic diarrhea, fatigue,
thin weak pulse.
7. Internal Medicine
A. Introduction
1. Respiratory
2. Digestive
3. Genitourinary
4. Emotional Disorders
5. Women’s Health
6. Herbal Medicine
7. Internal medical diagnosis, and treatment with all Chinese Medi-
cal techniques, including Acupuncture, Herbs, Diet and Life-
style.
8. Repetition of Disharmonies
a) You will notice a necessary repetition of disharmonies in differ-
ent disorders, which will assist you in learning and easily recog-
nizing, and treating these problems.
(1) i.e. Spleen Qi Deficiency may manifest as many different disor-
ders, including
(a) Digestive: Looses Stools, Lack of Appetite
(b) Emotional: Depression
(c) Women’s Health: Tendency to Miscarry
9. Theoretical Principles Review
a) Eight Principles
b) Four Sets of Parameters
c) Yin / Yang
d) Internal / External
e) Excess / Deficient

f) Hot / Cold
g) Five Elements
h) The Essential Substances
i) Qi
(1) Qi Generation
(2) Functions of Qi
(3) Imbalances of Qi
j) Jing & Yuan Qi
k) Blood
(1) Functions:
(2) Relationships Of Blood:
(a) Heart, Liver & Spleen
(3) Disharmonies Of Blood:
l) Jin Ye
m) Shen
n) The Causes of Disease or Pathogenic Factors
(1) External Pathogenic Factors
(2) Internal Pathogenic Factors
(3) Miscellaneous Pathogenic Factors
10. Meridian Review
a) Points from the Yin Meridians are the ones most often chosen
to treat internal disorders
(1) LU, SP, KD, LR, Ht & PC
b) Some Yang Meridians are also commonly used
(1) UB, ST
c) Extraordinary Meridians
(1) Ren, Du, Chong, & Dai
11. Organs Review
a) Lung (Fei) - Large Intestine (Da Chang)
b) Spleen (Pi) - Stomach (Wei)
c) Heart (Xin) - Small Intestine (Xiao Chang)
d) Liver (Gan) - Gall Bladder (Dan)
e) Kidney (Shen) - Urinary Bladder (Pang Guang)
f) KIDNEY (SHEN)
g) Pericardium (Xinbaoluo) -San Jiao (Triple Warmer/Burner/
Heater/Energizer)
12. Extraordinary Meridians
a) Origin

b) General Functions
c) Zonal Meridian Treatment
d) Psychological Transformation
e) Du Mai (Governing Vessel)
f) Ren Mai (Conception Vessel)
g) Chong Mai (Penetrating Vessel)
h) Dai Mai (Belt Meridian)
i) Yang Wei Mai
j) Yin Wei Mai
k) Yin Qiao Mai
l) Yang Qiao Mai
13. Extraordinary / Curious Organs
a) Gall Bladder
b) Brain
c) Marrow
d) Bone
e) Blood Vessels
f) Uterus
B. Respiratory System and Conditions
1. Upper Respiratory Conditions
a) Sinus
(1) Congestion
(a) Pathology / Basic Patterns
i) Wind
ii) Phlegm
iii) Heat
iv) Cold
(b) Meridian Techniques
(c) Dietary / Lifestyle / Herbal Recommendations
b) Headaches
(1) Pathology
(2) Phlegm
(3) Meridian Techniques
(4) Dietary / Lifestyle / Herbal Recommendations
c) Other Headaches
(1) Qi Yu
(2) Yang Ming
(3) Tai Yang

(4) Xiao Yang
(5) Liver
(6) Infections
(7) Pathology / Basic Patterns
(a) Wind / Heat / Phlegm
(b) Wind / Cold / Phlegm
d) Ear Involvement
(1) Pathology /Basic Patterns
(a) Heat
(b) Cold
e) Common Cold/ Viruses
(1) Wind Cold
(a) Pathology
i) Sneezing / Runny/Stuffy Nose
ii) White Mucous
iii) Chills
iv) Headache
v) Body Ache
(2) Wind Heat
(a) Tai Yang / Shao Yang / Yang Ming
i) Pathology
ii) Fever
iii) Sore throat
iv) Laryngitis
v) Yellow/Green Mucous
(b) Basic Patterns
(c) Meridian Techniques
(d) Dietary / Lifestyle / Herbal Recommendations
2. Lower Respiratory Conditions
(1) Chest Cold / Heat
(a) Pathology
(b) Basic Patterns

(2) Chest Cold / Cold
(a) Pathology
(b) Basic Patterns
(3) Bronchitis (deeper level
(a) Pathology / Basic Patterns
i) Lung Qi Deficiency
ii) Lung Yin Deficiency
3. Allergies
a) EENT (sinus, ears, eyes, post nasal)
(1) Pathology
(a) Wind Damp
(2) Basic Patterns
b) Seasonal
(1) Pathology
(a) Wind Damp
(2) Basic Patterns
c) Environmental
(1) Pathology
(2) Basic Patterns
d) Dietary
(a) Spleen and or Kidney Qi /Yang Deficiency
4. COPD: Asthma, Chronic Bronchitis, Emphysema, etc.
a) Pathology / Basic Patterns
(1) Lung Qi Deficiency

(2) Lung Yin Deficiency
(3) Spleen Qi/Yang Deficiency
(4) Kidney Qi/Yang Deficiency
b) Meridian Techniques
c) Dietary / Lifestyle / Herbal Recommendations
5. Immune System Weakness
(1) Kidney & Liver Yin Deficiency
(2) Lung Qi/Yang/Yin Deficiency
(3) Wei Qi Deficiency
6. Smoking Cessation
a) Pathology /Basic Patterns
(1) Kid, LR, LU Yin Deficiency
C. Gastro-Intestinal System & Conditions
1. Oral Cavity (mouth, tongue, teeth, lips)
a) Ulcers / Burning Pain
(a) Stomach Heat / Fire
b) Tooth pain – dental anesthesia
(a) Yang Ming Excess
c) Post-surgical Pain
(a) Qi & Blood Yu
2. Pharynx and Esophageal
a) Swallowing Problems
(1) Pathology/Basic Patterns
(2)

b) Reflux Esophagitis
(a) Rebellious Stomach Qi
(b) Stomach Heat / Fire
(c) Stomach Yin Deficiency
(d) Liver Invading Stomach
c) Hiatial Hernia
(b) Stomach Yin Deficiency
(c) Liver Invading Stomach
d) Hiccups, Burping, Vomiting
(a) Rebellious Stomach Qi
(b) Chong Mai Disharmony
3. Stomach
(1) Upset Stomach, Poor/ Weak Digestion
(a) Stomach Yin Deficiency
(b) Spleen Qi / Yang Deficiency
b) Food Poisoning
(a) Summer Heat in Stomach and Intestines
(b) True Cold in Stomach and Intestines
c) Gastritis

d) Ulcers
e) Motion/Morning Sickness
(a) Chong Mai Disharmony
(b) Stomach Qi Rebellion
4. Intestinal / Colorectal
a) Poor Digestion
(1) Pathology Basic Patterns
(a) SP QI & Yang Deficiency
(b) KD Qi & Yang Deficiency
(c) Liver Invading Spleen
b) Gas and Distention
(a) SP QI & Yang Deficiency
(b) KD Qi & Yang Deficiency
c) IBS, and Chron’s Disease
(a) Liver Invading Spleen
(b) SP QI & Yang Deficiency
(c) KD Qi & Yang Deficiency

d) Hemorrhoids, Fissures, Fistulae
(a) Spleen Qi Collapse
(c) Heat in Lower Warmer
e) Parasites
(a) Damp Heat in Lower Warmer
(b) Cold Damp in Lower Warmer
(c) Summer Heat in Large Intestine
D. Genito-Urinary System & Conditions
1. Kidney Disease / Failure
(1) Kidney Yang Deficiency
(2) Kidney Jing Deficiency
2. Low Sex Drive, Impotence, Frigidity
(1) Shen Involvement
(2) Kidney Qi / Yang Deficiency
(3) Blood Deficiency
d) Heightened Sex Drive
(a) Kidney Yin Deficiency
(b) Liver Qi Stagnation
(c) Liver Yin Deficiency
(d) Liver Fire
3. Urinary Tract Infections
b) Pathology / Basic Patterns
(1) Heat in Lower Warmer

(2) Damp Heat in Lower Warmer
(3) Cold Damp in Lower Warmer
4. Urinary Retention
(1) Dampness in Lower Warmer
5. Male GU Conditions
a) Low sperm counts, Abnormal Motility/ Morphology, Sterility
(a) Kidney Qi / Yang Deficiency
(b) Kidney Yin Deficiency
(c) Blood Deficiency
(d) Liver Qi Stagnation
(e) Liver Blood Stagnation
b) BPH
(a) Dampness in Lower Warmer
(b) Kidney Qi / Yang Deficiency
(c) Liver Qi / Blood Stagnation
c) Prostatitis
(a) Kidney Yin Deficiency
(b) Liver Qi / Blood Stagnation
(c) Liver Yin Deficiency
(d) Liver Fire
6. Female GU Conditions
a) Endometriosis
(a) Liver Blood & Qi Stagnation in Lower Warmer

b) Ovarian, Uterine Cysts and Tumors
(a) Blood Stagnation
(b) Phlegm
c) Prolapsed Urinary Bladder
(a) Spleen Qi Collapse
d) Menstrual Pain
(2) Liver Qi Stagnation
(3) Liver Blood Stagnation
(4) Chong Mai Disharmony
(5) Dai Mai Disharmony
e) Infertility, Egg Production / Quality, Ovarian – Fallopian –Uterine
– Vaginal Issues
(a) Kidney Qi / Yang Deficiency
(b) Spleen Qi / Yang Deficiency
(c) Heart Qi / Yang Deficiency
(d) Liver Qi Stagnation
(e) Liver Blood Stagnation
(f) Chong Mai Disharmony
(g) Dai Mai Disharmony
(h) Ren Mai Disharmony
(i) Du Mai Disharmony
(j) Shen Involvement

8. WOMEN’S HEALTH
A. Introduction
1. Women’s health take into account almost all the systems, or-
gans, and substances in Oriental medicine, as well and most al
of the treatment techniques.
2. Recommended Book Balance Your Hormones Balance Your
Life: Claudia Welch
B. Review Major Relevant Points:
1. Liver
2. Spleen
3. Kidney
4. Heart
5. Du
6. Ren
7. Chong
8. Dai
9. Lower Abdomen
C. Organs, Meridians, and Substances
1. Jing (Essence)
a) Tian Gui
b) “Minister Fire”/ “Motive Force”/ Mingmen fire
c) Stored in the Mingmen
(1) Lower Dan Tian
(2) Lower Field of Elixir
(3) In Women it Includes The Uterus
(a) Zi Bao, Bao Gong,
i) Fetal Wrapper, Fetal Palace, Blood Chamber
d) In men it includes the “Room of Sperm”
2. Kidneys
a) Store Jing
b) Relevant Kidney pathology
(1) Jing Deficiency
(2) QI / Yang Deficiency
(3) Yin Deficiency
3. Menarche/Menopause
a) “At 14 years if the Blood, Jing, Ren, and Chong are full, the Tian
Gui (Heavenly Dew) descends”

b) “At 49 years when the Ren, Chong, Fluids, and Blood become
insufficient the Tian Gui withdraws”
c) Blood
4. “Women’s physiology is rooted in blood. Men’s in Qi”
5. Conception Relies on Blood, from Mother
a) Blood (post-natal Qi), essence (pre-natal Qi), Kid, LR, Ren,
Chong, Yin
b) In Pregnancy Blood nourishes fetus so it does not irrigate
Chong.
(1) No menses
(2) Blood becomes milk.
6. Liver
a) Responsible for smooth flow of Qi & Emotions
b) Stores Blood
(1) Menstrual Blood and. regular Blood
(2) Delivers Blood to uterus
c) Moves the Qi that moves the Blood
d) LR Channel flows through breasts
(1) Breast pain & tenderness
e) Relevant Liver Pathology
(1) LR Qi Stagnation
(2) Yang rising
(3) Liver wind
(4) LR Blood Stagnation
(5) LR Blood Deficiency
(6) Damp Heat in Liver channel
7. Spleen
a) Produces Qi & Blood
b) Closely associated with Liver
c) Amount of blood
d) Timing of cycle
e) Holds Blood in the vessels
f) Holds Organs & Fetus in place
g) Spleen Pathology
(1) SP Qi and Blood Deficiency
(2) SP Qi and Blood Deficiency w/ Damp
(3) SP Qi Not Holding (collapsed/sinking)
8. Heart
a) Governs Blood

b) Pumps it thought the vessels
c) Turns it red
d) Personality/identity
e) Bao mai
(1) HT-UT connection
(2) Shen/ emotions
9. Stomach
a) Connected to Uterus via Chong Mai
b) Channel flows through breasts
(1) Breast milk
10. Extraordinary Vessels (see pocket reference card at end of
notes)
a) “Source of Creation” 1st channels in embryo
b) Du and Ren cut thru Dai, linking it w/ Ht, genitals, umbilicus and
Chong
c) Du, Ren, Chong Arise from Mingmen and flow thru uterus, D
d) Primary Extraordinary Vessels
(1) Dai Mai (Belt Vessel)
(a) GB 41 / SJ 5
(b) Opens the Lower Warmer
(c) Influences LR Qi flow
(d) Guides and supports Uterus & LW Qi
(2) Chong Mai (Penetrating Vessel)
(a) SP4 / PC6
(b) Sea of blood
(c) Controls menses
(d) Access thru ST 30
i) KI 11 to 27
(3) Ren Mai (Conception Vessel)
(a) LU7 / KD6
(b) Sea of Yin
(c) Connect to Yin, Jing and Fluids
(d) Relate to int. and ext/ genitalia
(e) Hormonal gateway
(4) Du Mai (Governing Vessel)
(a) SI 3 / UB 62
(b) Rules the Yang
e) Secondary Extraordinary Vessels
(1) Yin/ Yang Qiao (Heel Vessels)

(a) Used for Excess patterns of LJ
(b) Masses
(c) Fibroids
(d) Adhesions
(e) difficult delivery
(f) external genitalia
(2) Yin/Yang Wei (Linking Vessels)
(a) Calm mind /Shen
(b) Nourish Blood
D. Essential Etiology
1. Exterior Pathogenic factors
a) Cold
(1) Pain (Cramping Nature)
(2) Warm it with moxa / TDP Lamp
(3) Move it with acupuncture
(4) Warm it with Herbs
b) Dampness
(1) Heaviness
(2) Transform it by tonifying the Spleen
(3) Vaporize it by tonifying the Kidneys
(4) Circulate it with the Lungs
c) Heat
(1) Enters the Blood
(2) Cool it with Acupuncture or Herbs
2. Internal: Emotions and Stress
a) Anxiety & Stress
(1) Most Common Cause of Stagnation
(2) Liver Qi & Blood
(3) Chong Mai
(4) Dai Mai
(5) Spleen
(7) Emotional Stress @ Puberty
(a) Ren & Chong
b) Sadness & Grief
(1) Ht
(2) LR
c) Worry
(1) SP

d) Anger
(2) LR fire
e) Fear
(1) Kid
f) Shock
(1) Ht, SP, Kid
g) Guilt
(1) Dai Mai
3. Diet
a) Blood & Qi Deficiency
(1) Dampness Collects
b) Overwork/exercise = too long w/o good rest, diet
(1) KD Yin Deficiency
4. Pregnancy & Childbirth
a) Not enough rest after
b) Pre-existing Blood and/or KD Deficiency
c) Blood Deficiency
5. Abortion
a) Blood Stagnation
b) Blood & Qi Deficiency
c) KD Deficiency
6. Excess or Deficiency of Sexual activity
a) Excess: During puberty, During period, During pregnancy
(1) KD Deficiency
b) Deficiency: Repression
c) LR Qi Stagnation
7. C-Sections, Other Abdominal Surgeries, & Hysterectomies
a) Disruption of
b) Ren
c) Chong
d) Dai
e) Blood Stagnation
f) Adhesions
g) Spleen and Kidney Deficiencies
8. Contraceptive pills & shots
a) Unpredictable
E. Essential Diagnosis
1. Reproductive Cycle

a) Menstrual phase
(1) Blood moving
(2) Liver Qi
(3) Liver Blood
(4) Scanty: move blood
(5) Heavy: Stop bleeding
b) Post-menstrual phase
(1) Blood/ Yin Deficiency
(2) Depleted Chong and Ren
(3) Western: follicle grows, estrogen levels rise due to FSH direc-
tion
(4) Nourish Liver blood and K yin
c) Mid-cycle phase
(1) Blood and Yin gradually fill up in the Chong and Ren
(2) Western: ovulation. Ovum released from follicle and corpus lu-
teum develops due to LH
(3) Promote ovulation by nourishing k Jing
(4) [also TX Du, Ren, Chong, due to their hormonal connection]
d) Pre-menstrual phase
(1) Yang Qi rises
(2) Liver Qi gears up to move liver blood
(3) Tonify Yang if Deficiency / Move Liver Qi if stagnant
2. Questioning
a) Menarche
b) Cycle
(1) Amount
(2) Color
(3) Consistency
(4) Pain
c) PMS
(1) Pain
d) Vaginal discharge
e) Fertility and pregnancy
(1) Childbirth
(2) Miscarriage and abortion
f) Other
3. Palpation
a) Pulse
(1) Fast = Hot

(2) Slow = Yang Deficient Cold
b) Abdomen and Muscles
(1) Lack of integrity
(2) Deficiency of Spleen and Kidney
(3) Congestion in the Tissues
(4) Masses / Fibroids
4. Observation
a) Complexion & Lips
(1) Pale =Deficiency
(2) Red = Heat
5. Tongue
a) Body color
(1) Pale = Deficiency
(2) Red = Heat
b) Shape
(1) Puffy = Qi or Yang Deficiency
(2) Thin = Blood or Yin Deficiency
c) Coating
(1) Yellow = Heat
(2) White = Not Hot
(3) Sticky/Greasy = Dampness
(4) No Coat / Peeled = Yin Deficiency
6. Odor
a) Vaginal discharge / Menstrual Blood
(1) Strong or unpleasant odor = Heat
(2) NO Strong or unpleasant odor = Not Hot
F. Treatment of the Most Common Disharmonies
1. Castor Oil Packs/Massage
a) Move Stuck Qi, Blood, & Phlegm
2. Warm Oil Massage (Abhyanga)
a) Tonify Yin & Quell Wind
G. Treatment of Internal Organs
1. Kidneys
a) Tonify Yang
(1) Du Mai: SI 3 & UB 62
(2) General Points:
(3) KD3, UB23, DU4, REN4, KD16
(a) All with moxa and needles

b) Basic Herbal Patent Formula:
(1) Jin Gui Shen Qi Wan
c) Tonify Yin
(1) Ren Mai: LU7, KD 6
(2) General Points:
(3) KD7, UB23, DU4, REN4, KD16
(a) All with needles
(4) Basic Herbal Patent Formula:
(a) Liu We Di Haung Wan
d) Yin Deficiency/Heat
(1) Wise Women’s Well (K’an)
(2) Two Immortals (Health Concerns)
e) Conserve Jing
f) Diet/Lifestyle
2. Liver
a) Nourish Yin and Blood
(1) General Points:
(2) LR3, UB18, DU8, LR14
(a) Yin: Liu We Di Haung Wan
(b) Blood: Ba Zhen Tang
b) Soothe LR Qi
(1) General Points:
(2) LR 3, GB41, GB34, UB18, DU8, LR 14
(a) Xiao Yao Wan
c) Move LR Blood
(1) General Points:
(2) LR 3, LR 8, UB18, DU8, LR 14
(a) Tong Jing Wan
i) (Calm in the Sea of Life Pills)
d) Clear LR heat / fire
(1) General Points:
(2) LR 1, LR 2, UB18, DU8, LR 14
(3) All with needles

(a) Long Dan Xie Gan Wan
i) Very Cold / Caution
e) Quell LR Wind
(1) General Points:
(2) LR 3, GB34, GB20, UB18, DU8, LR 14
3. Spleen
a) Tonify SP Qi and Blood
(1) General Points:
(a) SP3, SP6, ST36, UB20, DU6, REN6,
i) All with moxa and needles
(b) REN8
i) Moxa only
(c) Basic Herbal Patent Formula: Ba Zhen Wan or Gui Pi Wan
b) Raise SP Qi
(1) General Points:
(a) DU20,
i) Moxa Only
(2) SP3, SP6, ST36, REN6, REN8
(a) All with moxa and needles
(a) Bu Zhong Yi Qi Wan
i) Not for long term use
c) Harmonize SP and LR
(1) General Points:
(a) SP6, LR3, LR13, UB18, UB20
i) All with needles
(2) REN8
(a) Moxa Only
(a) Xiao Yao Wan
d) Tonify the SP and Resolve Damp
(1) Diet Is Most Important
(2) General Points:
(a) SP3, SP6, ST36, UB20, DU6, REN6,
i) All with moxa and needles
(b) REN8
i) Moxa only

(a) Lui Jun Zi Wan
4. Heart
a) Tonify Blood Deficiency
(1) General Points:
(a) Ht7, SP6, St36, UB20, UB15
i) All with needles
(b) REN8
i) Moxa Only
(a) Gui Pi Wan or Suan Zao Ren Wan
b) Tonify Yin Deficiency
(1) General Points:
(a) Ht7, KD3, LR3, UB15, UB23, UB18
i) All with needles
(3) Tian Wan Bu Xin Wan
5. Uterus
a) Warm Cold
(1) General Points:
(a) REN2, KD11, SP12, ST30, REN4, REN6
i) All with needles and Moxa
(b) REN8
i) Moxa Only
(a) Moxa Most Important Here
b) Move Blood
(1) General Points:
(a) LR3, SP8, UB31-34, UB23, REN2, KD11, SP12, ST30, REN4,
REN6
i) All with needles
(a) Tong Jing Wan
c) Move QI
(1) General Points:
(a) LR3, SP6, UB31-34, UB23, REN2, KD11, SP12, ST30, REN4,
REN6
i) All with needles

(a) Xiao Yao Wan
H. Specific Disorders
1. Menstrual Irregularities
a) Most Common Tx principles
(1) Harmonize Dai, Chong, & Ren
(2) Harmonize Liver
(3) Tonify Blood
(4) Tonify Spleen
(5) Tonify Kidneys
(6) Move (invigorate) Blood
b) Early periods
(1) Cycle less than 28 days
(2) etiology and pathology
(a) Qi Deficiency
(b) Blood heat
i) Full
ii) empty
(3) Differentiation and tx
(a) SP Qi Deficiency
(b) KD Qi Deficiency
(c) Full heat from LR Qi Stagnation turning to fire w/ Blood heat
(d) Empty heat from LR and KD Yin Deficiency
c) Late periods
(1) >28-30 day cycles
(2) Etiology and pathology
(a) Pregnancy
(b) Blood Deficiency
(c) Cold in the uterus
(d) Full cold
(e) Empty cold
(f) KD Yang Deficiency
(g) Qi stag
d) Irregular Periods
(1) Sometimes early; sometimes late
(2) Not pathological, immediately pre-menopausal.
(3) Always related to LR., and often to KD
(4) Etiology & Pathology
(a) Emotional stress

(b) LR Qi stag
(c) LR Blood Deficiency
(d) Overwork, too many children too close together
(e) KD Yang Deficiency
(f) KD Yin Deficiency
e) Heavy periods
(1) Periods that occur regularly but are heavier than normal
(2) Can be subjective (30-80ml is broad range)
(3) Etiology and pathology:
(a) Qi Deficiency
(b) Blood Heat
(c) Secondarily
(d) Blood stasis
f) Scanty periods (not “late”)
(1) Bleeding is very light, or lasts only 2-3 days
(a) Blood Deficiency (of the liver, mostly)
(b) KD Yang Deficiency:
(c) KD Yin Deficiency:
(d) Stasis of Blood
(e) Phlegm obstructing the uterus
g) Long periods
(1) Prolonged bleeding which may last 7-10 days w/ normal amt of
bleeding and reg. cycle
(a) Qi stag and Blood stasis
(b) KD Yin Deficiency w/ empty heat
h) Painful periods
(1) Diagnosis
(a) LR Qi stagnation
(b) Blood Stasis
(c) Cold in Uterus
(d) Pain May be Secondary to:
i) Damp-Heat
ii) Stag LR Qi turns to fire
iii) Qi, Blood, and or Yin Deficiency:
i) Bleeding Between Periods
(1) SP/KD Yang Deficiency
(2) Blood stasis

(3) Damp Heat
(4) LR and KD Yin Deficiency w/ empty heat
j) No Periods
(1) Pregnancy
(3) Ht and SP Blood Deficiency
(4) SP and KD Yang Deficiency
(5) LR and/or HT and/or KD Yin Deficiency
(6) Stag of Qi and Blood
(7) Damp-Phlegm in Uterus
k) Flooding and Trickling
(1) “beng lou”
(a) beng = flooding, bursting through
(b) lou = trickle metorrhagia
(2) Be sure to take the common western differentiations into con-
sideration:
(a) carcinoma of the cervix
(b) carcinoma of the uterus
(c) myomas
(d) endometriosis
(e) endometrial polyps
(3) There can be mixes of conditions (full and empty together)
(a) Full Blood Heat
(b) Liver Qi stag Turning into Heat
(c) Stasis of blood
(d) Damp Heat in the Uterus
(e) SP not Holding Blood
(f) KD Yang Deficiency
(g) KD Yin Deficiency
2. Yeast Infections
a) Dampness in the Lower Warmer
b) Dai Mai, Lower Warmer Points
c) Cold
(1) LR 3, KD 3, LR 5
(2) Er Chen Wan
(3) Wen Dai Tang
d) Heat
(1) LR 2, KD 2, LR 5
(2) Yu Dai Wan

(3) Long Dan Xie Gan Wan
3. Genital Herpes
a) Damp Heat in the LR Meridian
b) LR 2, KD 2, LR 5
c) Long Dan Xie Gan Wan
4. Problems at Period time
a) PMS
(1) LR Qi stag
(2) Prognosis and Prevention
b) Secondary
(1) LR blood Deficiency
(2) SP and KD Yang Deficiency
(3) LR and KD Yin Deficiency
(4) Phlegm fire harassing upwards
c) Pre-Menstrual Breast distention
(1) LR Qi stag
(2) Liver Blood Stasis
(3) Secondary
(4) Phlegm with Qi Stag
(5) LR and KD Yin Deficiency
d) Headaches
(2) Secondary
(a) Liver Fire Blazing
(b) Liver Yang Rising
(c) Blood Stasis
e) Edema at period time
(1) Face, hands, lower legs, ab. Usually before the period
f) Diarrhea: Before, during or after period
(1) SP Qi Deficiency
(2) Liver Qi stagnation invading the Spleen
(3) KD Yang Deficiency
g) Dizziness at Period Time
(1) Includes blurry vision and may occur before, during or after the
period
(3) KD and LR Yin Deficiency w/ Liver yang rising

(4) Phlegm w/ SP Qi Deficiency
5. Disorders of Pregnancy
a) Cautions & Contraindications if a Woman Is or May Be Preg-
nant
b) Forbidden Points:
(1) LI4 & SP6
(2) GB 21, UB 67, UB 60
c) Any strong downward moving treatment
d) Points Below Umbilicus, Any Time During Pregnancy
e) Points Below Ren 12, Any Time After the First Trimester
f) Forbidden Treatments
(1) Do Not Cause Sweating
(2) No Diaphoretic Points or Herbs
(3) Do Not Promote Downward Motion
(4) No Purgative Points or Herbs
(5) Do Not Promote Urination W/ Herbs That Drain Damp
(6) No Diuretic Points or Herbs
g) Restless Fetus
(1) Kidney 9 Located 5 cun superior to KD 3
(2) “Happy Baby Point” Dr. So: needle at end of first and second
trimester – baby will not have colic, and will respect his/her par-
ents
h) Morning Sickness
(1) Chong Mai Disturbance
(2) Secondary: Liver Qi invading the St
i) Abdominal pain
(1) Usually not severe but rule out ectopic pregnancy or threat-
ened miscarriage.
(2) Qi Stagnation
j) Breech Baby
(1) UB 67
k) Threatened miscarriage / Habitual miscarriage
(1) Etiology:
(a) Qi and Blood Deficiency
(b) Ren, Du, and/or Chong weakness,
(c) KD Deficiency
l) Falls, trauma
(1) injure the Ren and Chong

(2) Calm the Fetus, Chong ,and Ren
m) Constipation During Pregnancy
(1) Common. Can’t use purging or downward Qi promoting herbs
or points
(2) Etiology:
(a) Blood Deficiency
(b) Liver- Qi stag
(c) KD Yang Deficiency
(d) KD Yin Deficiency
6. Disorders after childbirth:
a) Postpartum Depression
(1) Ht Blood Deficiency
(2) Secondary: Ht Yin Deficiency
b) Abdominal pain after childbirth
(2) Blood Stasis
(3) Retention of Food
c) Persistent Discharge of lochia
(1) >6 Weeks
(2) Qi Deficiency
(3) Blood Stasis
(4) Blood-Heat
d) Lochial retention
(1) Qi and Blood stagnation
(2) Stagnation of Cold and stasis of Blood
e) Prolapse and Hemorrhoids after Childbirth
(2) Spleen Qi Sinking
(3) Kid-Yang Deficiency
f) Constipation after Childbirth
(2) Spleen Qi Deficiency
(3) Kid-Yang Deficiency
(4) Kid-Yin Deficiency
g) Breast Milk not Flowing / Acute mastitis
(1) Qi & Blood Deficiency
(2) Liver-Qi stagnation
h) Acute Mastitis:
(1) Toxic Heat affecting the Liver, St and GB

7. Infertility
a) Chong Mai, Dai Mai,
b) KD Yang Deficiency, KD Yin Deficiency
c) Qi & Blood Deficiency
d) Cold in Uterus
e) Qi Stagnation
f) Stasis of Blood
g) Dampness in the Lower Jiao
h) Blood Heat
i) Note: Male infertility can be from any of the above, but is usually
KD Yang Deficiency
8. Breast lumps
a) Liver Qi Stag
b) Disharmony of Ren and Chong
c) Spleen Yang Deficiency w/ Phlegm
9. Abdominal Masses
a) Qi masses
b) Liver Qi stag
c) Retention of Food and Phlegm
d) Blood masses
e) Stagnation of Qi and Blood
10. Polycystic ovary disease
a) KD Yang Deficiency, Phlegm, Dampness and Blood Stasis
11. Menopause
a) KD Yin Deficiency
(1) KD and Liver Yin Deficiency w/ Liver Yang rising
(2) KD Yin and/or KD Yang Deficiency
(3) KD and Ht Yin Deficiency
12. Osteoporosis
b) Kidney Yin, Yang, or Jing Deficiency

Women’s Health: Name That Disharmony
1. A 24 year old woman presents with the following signs and
symptoms: Excessive Menstrual Bleeding, the menstrual flow
is pale and dilute, the patient also has loose stools, fatigue, pale
thin tongue with a white coat, pale and lusterless face, lack of
appetite, weak limbs, and a weak and thin pulse

symptoms: PMS Mood Swings, severe tenderness, and ab-
dominal pain all increasing until the first day of bleeding; chronic
neck and shoulder tension, pain in rib cage, plumb pit throat,
pain on palpation on abdomen lower left side, slightly purple
tongue, wiry pulse.

symptoms: Postpartum Depression, fatigue, palpitations, a
weak thin pulse, forgetfulness, confusion, pale thin tongue with
white coat. and a pale lusterless face.

symptoms: Insomnia, chronic dry, sore throat, malor flush, rest-
lessness, palpitations, weak legs, low back pain, dark scanty uri-
nation, thin red tongue with a peeled coat, thin rapid pulse

symptoms: Lowered Libido, sore low back which feels better
with heat, frequent clear copious urination, , fatigue, pale face,
weak and slow pulse, pale and puffy tongue with a wet coat.

symptoms: Excessive White Leucorrhea, fatigue , chronic diar-
rhea, palpitations, thin pale tongue with a greasy white coat,
pale lusterless face, thin weak and slippery pulse.

Acupuncture Variety of Treatments by Disharmony

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Acupuncture Variety of Treatments by Disharmony

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Cookbook Acupuncture

A Clinical Acupuncture Training Handbook

Edited by Claudia Welch

Copyright Dr. Jim Ventresca / AcuPractice™ Seminars 1994 - 2015

2nd Edition Notes...........................................................15

Terminology & Literary Conventions..............................15

Yin & Yang......................................................................21

The Eight Principles........................................................23

The Vital Substances......................................................25

Pulse & Tongue Diagnosis............................................30

Meridians & Organs........................................................32

The Five Elements..........................................................36

Copyright Dr. Jim Ventresca / AcuPractice™ Seminars 1994 - 2015 2

The San Jiao...................................................................47

The Gall Bladder ............................................................50

Clean Needle Technique.....................................52

Contraindications and Cautions...........................55

Office Setup/Patient Flow....................................56

Acupuncture Distal Techniques...........................57

Getting The Qi .....................................................57

E. Gua Sha & Cupping.................................................68

The 8 Extraordinary Meridians ......................................74

3 Copyright Dr. Jim Ventresca / AcuPractice™ Seminars 1994 - 2015

Classic Point Categories Table......................................78

Du Meridian “Governing Vessel” ...................................89

Ren Meridian “Conception Vessel”.................................91

Large Intestine Meridian.................................................95

Heart Meridian .............................................................106

Small Intestine Meridian...............................................107

Urinary Bladder Meridian..............................................111

Copyright Dr. Jim Ventresca / AcuPractice™ Seminars 1994 - 2015 4

Gall Bladder Meridian...................................................125

Hand Acupuncture .......................................................136

Auricular Acupuncture .................................................138

Chinese Scalp Lines.....................................................149

The 8 Extraordinary Meridians In More Detail..............156

5 Copyright Dr. Jim Ventresca / AcuPractice™ Seminars 1994 - 2015

Dai Mai (Belt Vessel)....................................................160

Chong Mai (Penetrating Vessel)...................................161

Ren Mai (Conception Vessel CV)...............................161

Du Mai (Governing Vessel GV)...................................161

Secondary Extraordinary Vessels................................162

Diagnosing The Pain....................................................167

Ice & Heat.....................................................................168

Treatment Results .......................................................168

Treating Pain: Local, Adjacent, & Distal Points ...........171

Sinew (Tendino-Muscular) Meridians...........................173

Zonal Treatment for Treating Pain by Area..................173

The Main Local Points for Treating Pain .....................177

The Recipes: Treating Specific Painful Conditions......178

Copyright Dr. Jim Ventresca / AcuPractice™ Seminars 1994 - 2015 6

C. The Essential Substances : ....................................187

D. The Causes of Disease or Pathogenic Factors.......190

F. Tongue and Pulse Diagnosis...................................194

G. Clean Needle Technique.........................................195

7 Copyright Dr. Jim Ventresca / AcuPractice™ Seminars 1994 - 2015

I. Acupuncture Points and Meridians..........................197

J. Auricular Acupuncture and Other Microsystems.....203

K. Name That Disharmony / Diagnosis Review.........204

B. Respiratory System and Conditions........................207

C. Gastro-Intestinal System & Conditions....................210

D. Genito-Urinary System & Conditions.......................213

Copyright Dr. Jim Ventresca / AcuPractice™ Seminars 1994 - 2015 8

Women’s Health: Name That Disharmony...................234