FOREWORD
The Iranian Petroleum Standards (IPS) reflect the
views of the Iranian Ministry of Petroleum and
are intended for use in the oil and gas production
facilities, oil refineries, chemical and
petrochemical plants, gas handling and processing
installations and other such facilities.
IPS is based on internationally acceptable
standards and includes selections from the items
stipulated in the referenced standards. They are
also supplemented by additional requirements
and/or modifications based on the experience
acquired by the Iranian Petroleum Industry and
the local market availability. The options which
are not specified in the text of the standards are
itemized in data sheet/s, so that, the user can
select his appropriate preferences therein.
The IPS standards are therefore expected to be
sufficiently flexible so that the users can adapt
these standards to their requirements. However,
they may not cover every requirement of each
project. For such cases, an addendum to IPS
Standard shall be prepared by the user which
elaborates the particular requirements of the user.
This addendum together with the relevant IPS
shall form the job specification for the specific
project or work.
The IPS is reviewed and up-dated approximately
every five years. Each standards are subject to
amendment or withdrawal, if required, thus the
latest edition of IPS shall be applicable.
The users of IPS are therefore requested to send
their views and comments, including any
addendum prepared for particular cases to the
following address. These comments and
recommendations will be reviewed by the relevant
technical committee and in case of approval will
be incorporated in the next revision of the
standard.
Standards and Research department
No.19, Street14, North kheradmand
Karimkhan Avenue, Tehran, Iran .
Postal Code- 1585886851
Tel: 88810459-60 & 66153055
Fax: 88810462
Email: Standards@nioc.org
‫ﭘﻴﺶ ﮔﻔﺘﺎر‬
‫( ﻣﻨﻌﻜﺲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه دﻳﺪﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎي‬IPS) ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺖ اﻳﺮان‬
‫وزارت ﻧﻔﺖ اﻳﺮان اﺳﺖ و ﺑﺮاي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎت ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻧﻔﺖ‬
،‫ واﺣﺪﻫﺎي ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ و ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬،‫ ﭘﺎﻻﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﻧﻔﺖ‬،‫و ﮔﺎز‬
‫ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎت اﻧﺘﻘﺎل و ﻓﺮاورش ﮔﺎز و ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎت ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ‬
.‫ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
‫ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮل ﺑﻴﻦ‬،‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺖ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه و ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮔﺰﻳﺪهﻫﺎﻳﻲ از اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺟﻊ‬
‫ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻴﺎت ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻛﺸﻮر و‬.‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﻣﻮاردي‬،‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﻻ از ﺑﺎزار داﺧﻠﻲ و ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﻧﻴﺎز‬
.‫ﺑﻄﻮر ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠﻲ و ﻳﺎ اﺻﻼﺣﻲ در اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻟﺤﺎظ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
‫ﻣﻮاردي از ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﻓﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﻣﺘﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎ آورده ﻧﺸﺪه‬
‫اﺳﺖ در داده ﺑﺮگﻫﺎ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﺷﻤﺎره ﮔﺬاري ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬
.‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮان آورده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
‫ ﺑﺸﻜﻠﻲ ﻛﺎﻣﻼً اﻧﻌﻄﺎف ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺗﺪوﻳﻦ ﺷﺪه‬،‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺖ‬
.‫اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮان ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﻧﻴﺎزﻫﺎي ﺧﻮد را ﺑﺎ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺎ اﻳﻦ ﺣﺎل ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺗﻤﺎم ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪيﻫﺎي ﭘﺮوژه ﻫﺎ را ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬
‫ در اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻮارد ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻟﺤﺎﻗﻴﻪاي ﻛﻪ ﻧﻴﺎزﻫﺎي ﺧﺎص‬.‫ﻧﺪﻫﻨﺪ‬
‫ اﻳﻦ اﻟﺤﺎﻗﻴﻪ‬.‫آﻧﻬﺎ را ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ و ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻓﻨﻲ آن ﭘﺮوژه و ﻳﺎ ﻛﺎر‬،‫ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ‬
.‫ﺧﺎص را ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺧﻮاﻫﻨﺪ داد‬
‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺖ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎً ﻫﺮ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺳﺎل ﻳﻜﺒﺎر ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻗﺮار‬
‫ در اﻳﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲﻫﺎ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ‬.‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ و روزآﻣﺪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮدﻧﺪ‬
‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردي ﺣﺬف و ﻳﺎ اﻟﺤﺎﻗﻴﻪاي ﺑﻪ آن اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﻮد و ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ‬
.‫ﻫﻤﻮاره آﺧﺮﻳﻦ وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻼك ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ درﺧﻮاﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻧﻈﺮﻫﺎ و‬،‫از ﻛﺎرﺑﺮان اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
‫ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدات اﺻﻼﺣﻲ و ﻳﺎ ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ اﻟﺤﺎﻗﻴﻪاي ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻮارد‬
‫ ﻧﻈﺮات و‬.‫ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ زﻳﺮ ارﺳﺎل ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‬،‫ﺧﺎص ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻧﻤﻮدهاﻧﺪ‬
‫ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدات درﻳﺎﻓﺘﻲ در ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ و در‬
‫ﺻﻮرت ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺐ در ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﻈﺮﻫﺎي ﺑﻌﺪي اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻨﻌﻜﺲ‬
.‫ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﻛﻮﭼﻪ‬،‫ ﺧﺮدﻣﻨﺪ ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬،‫ ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎن ﻛﺮﻳﻤﺨﺎن زﻧﺪ‬،‫ ﺗﻬﺮان‬،‫اﻳﺮان‬
19 ‫ ﺷﻤﺎره‬،‫ﭼﻬﺎردﻫﻢ‬
‫اداره ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت و اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎ‬
1585886851 : ‫ﻛﺪﭘﺴﺘﻲ‬
66153055 ‫ و‬88810459 - 60 : ‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‬
021-88810462 : ‫دور ﻧﮕﺎر‬
Standards@nioc.org :‫ﭘﺴﺖ اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬
GENERAL DEFINITIONS:
Throughout this Standard the following
definitions shall apply.
COMPANY:
Refers to one of the related and/or affiliated
companies of the Iranian Ministry of Petroleum
such as National Iranian Oil Company, National
Iranian Gas Company, National Petrochemical
Company and National Iranian Oil Refinery And
Distribution Company.
PURCHASER:
Means the “Company" where this standard is a
part of direct purchaser order by the “Company”,
and the “Contractor” where this Standard is a part
of contract document
VENDOR AND SUPPLIER:
Refers to firm or person who will supply and/or
fabricate the equipment or material.
CONTRACTOR:
Refers to the persons, firm or company whose
tender has been accepted by the company.
EXECUTOR:
Executor is the party which carries out all or part
of construction and/or commissioning for the
project.
INSPECTOR:
The Inspector referred to in this Standard is a
person/persons or a body appointed in writing by
the company for the inspection of fabrication and
installation work
SHALL:
Is used where a provision is mandatory.
SHOULD:
Is used where a provision is advisory only.
WILL:
Is normally used in connection with the action by
the “Company” rather than by a contractor,
supplier or vendor.
MAY:
Is used where a provision is completely
discretionary.
:‫ﺗﻌﺎرﻳﻒ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬
.‫در اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺗﻌﺎرﻳﻒ زﻳﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﻣﻲ رود‬
:‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ‬
‫ ﻣﺜﻞ‬،‫ﺑﻪ ﻳﻜﻲ از ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﻲ و ﻳﺎ واﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ وزارت ﻧﻔﺖ‬
‫ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻠﻲ‬،‫ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻠﻲ ﮔﺎز اﻳﺮان‬،‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻠﻲ ﻧﻔﺖ اﻳﺮان‬
‫ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ و ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻠﻲ ﭘﺎﻻﻳﺶ و ﭘﺨﺶ ﻓﺮآوردهﻫﺎي‬
.‫ﻧﻔﺘﻲ اﻃﻼق ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
:‫ﺧﺮﻳﺪار‬
‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ "ﺷﺮﻛﺘﻲ" ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از ﻣﺪارك ﺳﻔﺎرش‬
‫ﺧﺮﻳﺪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ آن "ﺷﺮﻛﺖ" ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﻳﺎ ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜﺎري ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ‬
.‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از ﻣﺪارك ﻗﺮارداد آن اﺳﺖ‬
:‫ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه و ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ و ﻳﺎ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات و ﻛﺎﻻﻫﺎي‬
.‫ﻣﻮرد ﻟﺰوم ﺻﻨﻌﺖ را ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
:‫ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜﺎر‬
‫ ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ و ﻳﺎ ﺷﺮﻛﺘﻲ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدش‬،‫ﺑﻪ ﺷﺨﺺ‬
.‫ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺼﻪ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
:‫ﻣﺠﺮي‬
‫ﻣﺠﺮي ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮوﻫﻲ اﻃﻼق ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺗﻤﺎم ﻳﺎ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از ﻛﺎرﻫﺎي‬
.‫اﺟﺮاﺋﻲ و ﻳﺎ راه اﻧﺪازي ﭘﺮوژه را اﻧﺠﺎم دﻫﺪ‬
:‫ﺑﺎزرس‬
‫ﮔﺮوه ﻳﺎ ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪاي اﻃﻼق‬/‫در اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺎزرس ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮد‬
‫ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ و ﻧﺼﺐ‬،‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﻛﺘﺒﺎً ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ‬
.‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
:‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
.‫ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬،‫ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎري ﻛﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم آن اﺟﺒﺎري اﺳﺖ‬
:‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ‬
.‫ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲرود‬،‫ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎري ﻛﻪ ﺿﺮورت اﻧﺠﺎم آن ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
:‫ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺢ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً در ﺟﺎﻳﻲ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم آن ﻛﺎر ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس‬
.‫ﻧﻈﺎرت ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
:‫ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ‬
.‫ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲرود‬،‫ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎري ﻛﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم آن اﺧﺘﻴﺎري ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
 IPS-E-AR-100(1)

ENGINEERING STANDARD
FOR

BUILDING HEATING SYSTEM

FIRST REVISION
JULY 2009

‫اﺳﺘـﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬

‫ﺑـﺮاي‬

‫ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن‬

‫وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ اول‬
1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬

This Standard is the property of Iranian Ministry of
Petroleum. All rights are reserved to the owner. Neither
whole nor any part of this document maybe disclosed to any
third party, reproduced, stored in any retrieval system or
transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior
written consent of the Iranian Ministry of Petroleum.
‫ ﺗﻤﺎم ﺣﻘﻮق آن ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ‬.‫اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ وزارت ﻧﻔﺖ اﻳﺮان اﺳﺖ‬
‫ ﺗﻤﺎم ﻳﺎ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ‬،‫ﻣﺎﻟﻚ آن ﺑﻮده و ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺪون رﺿﺎﻳﺖ ﻛﺘﺒﻲ وزارت ﻧﻔﺖ اﻳﺮان‬
،‫ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬،‫ ذﺧﻴﺮه ﺳﺎزي‬،‫ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻳﺎ وﺳﻴﻠﻪ ازﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺗﻜﺜﻴﺮ‬،‫از اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
.‫ﻳﺎ روش دﻳﮕﺮي در اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻓﺮاد ﺛﺎﻟﺚ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬
 Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬ IPS-E-AR-100(1)

CONTENTS: Page : ‫ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ‬

No

1. SCOPE................................................................ 2
2 ...................................................... ‫ داﻣﻨﻪ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد‬-1
2. REFERENCES .................................................. 3
3 ............................................................................ ‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ‬-2
3. DEFINITIONS AND TERMINOLOGY......... 4
4 ................................................ ‫ ﺗﻌﺎرﻳﻒ و واژﮔﺎن‬-3
4.UNITS.................................................................. 5
5 ............................................................ ‫ واﺣﺪﻫﺎ‬-4
PART I BASIC DESIGN REQUIREMENTS:
:‫ ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪﻳﻬﺎي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ‬I ‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬
5. HEAT LOAD CALCULATIONS .................... 6
10 ............................................ ‫ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺑﺎر ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬-5
6. TYPE OF HEATING SYSTEM....................... 12
12 ......................................... ‫ ﻧﻮع ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﮔﺮم ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬-6
7. PIPE SIZING ..................................................... 16
16 .................................................. ‫ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬-7
PART II APPLIED EQUIPMENT:
:‫ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺑﻜﺎر رﻓﺘﻪ‬II ‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬
8. BOILER SELECTION ..................................... 19
19 .....................................................‫ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب دﻳﮓ‬-8
9. BURNER SELECTION.................................... 20
20 ................................................... ‫ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﺸﻌﻞ‬-9
10. FUEL OIL STORAGE TANK ....................... 20
20 ......................................... ‫ ﻣﺨﺰن ذﺧﻴﺮه ﺳﻮﺧﺖ‬-10
11. EXPANSION TANK ....................................... 21
21 .................................................... ‫ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ اﻧﺒﺴﺎط‬-11
12. TERMINAL UNITS........................................ 22
22 ............................................ ‫ واﺣﺪﻫﺎي اﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ‬-12
13. BREECHING AND CHIMNEY .................... 26
26 ...................................... ‫ دودﻛﺶ و ﻟﻮﻟﻪ راﺑﻂ آن‬-13
14. HEAT EXCHANGER (CONVERTERS) ..... 27
27 ............................................ ‫ ﻣﺒﺪل ﻫﺎي ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬-14
15. CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS............................... 28
28 ............................................. ‫ ﭘﻤﭗ ﮔﺮﻳﺰ از ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬-15
16. WATER TREATMENT ................................. 29
29 ....................................................... ‫ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ آب‬-16
PART III ATTACHMENTS:
:‫ ﻣﺪارك ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖﻫﺎ‬III ‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬

1
 Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
1. SCOPE
This Standard covers the minimum requirements
for design of central heating systems (water,
steam, electrical coil duct heater and etc.)
including calculation of heating load, piping
design, type and selection method for heating
equipment, etc. (For building air conditioning
systems reference is made to IPS-E-AR-120).
Note 1:
This standard specification is reviewed and
updated by the relevant technical committee on
Jan. 2001, as amendment No. 1 by circular No.
135.
Note 2:
This standard specification is reviewed and
updated by the relevant technical committee on
May 2005, as amendment No. 2 by circular No.
269.
Note 3:
This bilingual standard is a revised version of the
standard specification by the relevant technical
committee on July 2009 which is issued as
revision (1) Revision (0) of the said standard
specification is withdrawn.
Note 4:
In case of conflict between Farsi and English
languages, English language shall govern.
2
IPS-E-AR-100(1)
‫ داﻣﻨﻪ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد‬-1
‫اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻧﻴﺎزﻫﺎي ﻻزم ﺟﻬﺖ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬
‫ ﻛﻮﻳﻞ ﺑﺮﻗﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻟﻲ و‬،‫ ﺑﺨﺎر‬،‫ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺣﺮارت ﻣﺮﻛﺰي )آب‬
‫ ﻧﻮع و‬، ‫ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ‬، ‫ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺑﺎر ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬.(‫ﻏﻴﺮه‬
‫ )ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ‬.‫روش اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ و ﻏﻴﺮه اﺳﺖ‬
IPS-E-AR-120 ‫ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮع ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
(‫ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
:1 ‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
‫ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﻓﻨﻲ‬1380 ‫اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد در دي ﻣﺎه ﺳﺎل‬
‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ و روز آﻣﺪ ﺷﺪ و ﻣﻮارد ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان‬
.‫ اﺑﻼغ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ‬135 ‫ ﻃﻲ ﺑﺨﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺷﻤﺎره‬1 ‫اﺻﻼﺣﻴﻪ ﺷﻤﺎره‬
:2 ‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
‫ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﻓﻨﻲ‬1384 ‫اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد در اردﻳﺒﻬﺸﺖ ﻣﺎه ﺳﺎل‬
‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ و روز آﻣﺪ ﺷﺪ و ﻣﻮارد ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان‬
.‫ اﺑﻼغ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ‬269 ‫ ﻃﻲ ﺑﺨﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺷﻤﺎره‬2 ‫اﺻﻼﺣﻴﻪ ﺷﻤﺎره‬
:3 ‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
‫ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﺑﺎزﻧﮕﺮي ﺷﺪه اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻓﻮق‬،‫اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد دو زﺑﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ‬1388 ‫ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ در ﺗﻴﺮ ﻣﺎه ﺳﺎل‬
‫ از اﻳﻦ ﭘﺲ‬.‫( اراﻳﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮدد‬1) ‫ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ و ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ‬
.‫( اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻨﺴﻮخ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬0) ‫وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ‬
:4 ‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
‫ ﻣﺘﻦ اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ‬،‫در ﺻﻮرت اﺧﺘﻼف ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﻦ ﻓﺎرﺳﻲ و اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ‬
.‫ﻣﻼك ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
 Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬ IPS-E-AR-100(1)

2. REFERENCES
Throughout this Standard the following dated and
undated standards/codes are referred to. These
referenced documents shall, to the extent specified
herein, form a part of this standard. For dated
references, the edition cited applies. The
applicability of changes in dated references that
occur after the cited date shall be mutually agreed
upon by the Company and the Vendor. For
undated references, the latest edition of the
referenced documents (including any supplements
and amendments) applies.
‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ‬-2
‫در اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﻪ آﻳﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎ و اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ دار و‬
‫ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪي ﻛﻪ در‬،‫ اﻳﻦ ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ‬.‫ﺑﺪون ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ زﻳﺮ اﺷﺎره ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
‫ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از اﻳﻦ‬،‫اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪاﻧﺪ‬
‫ وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ‬،‫ در ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ دار‬.‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه ﻣﻼك ﺑﻮده و ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮاﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ در‬
‫ ﭘﺲ از ﺗﻮاﻓﻖ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ و ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬،‫آﻧﻬﺎ داده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
‫ آﺧﺮﻳﻦ وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ‬،‫ در ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ ﺑﺪون ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ‬.‫اﺟﺮا ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫اﻧﻀﻤﺎم ﻛﻠﻴﻪ اﺻﻼﺣﺎت و ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖﻫﺎي آن ﻣﻼك ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬

ASME (AMERICAN SOCIETY OF (‫ )اﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﺎن ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻚ آﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‬ASME

MECHANICAL ENGINEERS)
ASME Section VIII "Boiler and Pressure "‫ "دﻳﮓ و ﻣﺨﺎزن ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر‬ASME Section VIII
Vessels Codes"

ASHRAE (AMERICAN SOCIETY OF ‫ )اﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﺎن ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎت ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ و‬ASHRAE

HEATING, REFRIGERATING (‫ﺑﺮودﺗﻲ آﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‬
AIR-CONDITIONING &
ENGINEERS)

ASHRAE 2005 "ASHRAE Hand Book- "33 ‫ و‬25 ‫ ﻓﺼﻮل‬، ‫ "ﺟﻠﺪ اﺻﻮل‬ASHRAE 2005
Fundamentals Chapters 25,33"

ASHRAE 2004 "ASHRAE Hand Book HVAC

System and Equipment "28 ‫ و‬27 ،23 ‫ ﻓﺼﻞ‬، ‫ "ﺟﻠﺪ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات‬ASHRAE 2004
Chapter 23 , 27 and 28"

ASHRAE 2007 "ASHRAE Hand Book-HVAC "‫ "ﺟﻠﺪ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ و ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد‬ASHRAE 2007
System and Application"

IPS (IRANIAN PETROLEUM STANDARDS) (‫ )اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺖ اﻳﺮان‬IPS

IPS-E-AR-120 "Engineering Standard for ‫ "اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي‬IPS-E-AR-120

Building Air Conditioning "‫ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮع ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن‬
Systems"

IPS-M-AR-225 "Material and Equipment ‫ "اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻛﺎﻻ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬IPS-M-AR-225

Standard for General "‫ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ و ﺑﺮودﺗﻲ‬
HVAC&R Equipment"

IPS-E-GN-100 "Engineering Standard for "‫ "اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮاي واﺣﺪﻫﺎ‬IPS-E-GN-100

Units"

IPS-G-ME-220 "Engineering and Material ‫ "اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ و ﻛﺎﻻ ﺑﺮاي‬IPS-G-ME-220

Standard for Shell & Tube "‫ﻣﺒﺪلﻫﺎي ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ و ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
Heat Exchangers"
IPS-M-PM-115 "Material and Equipment ‫ "اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻛﺎﻻ و ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎي‬IPS-M-PM-115
Standard for Centrifugal
"‫ﮔﺮﻳﺰ از ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﺮاي ﺧﺪﻣﺎت ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬
Pumps for General Services"

3
 Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
3. DEFINITIONS AND TERMINOLOGY
3.1 Closed System
A heating piping system in which circulating
media is complete closed, under pressure above
atmosphere, and shut off from the atmosphere.
3.2 Convector
A surface designed to transfer heat to a
surrounding fluid largely or wholly by convection.
3.3 District Heating
A heating system that serves two or more building
with one central heating system.
3.4 Expansion Tank
A partially filled tank at the top of a water heating
system that compensates for the thermal
expansion and contraction of water.
3.5 Heating Load
The heating rate required to replace heat loss from
the space being controlled.
3.6 Heating System
A system that transfers heat from a source,
through a distribution network to spaces to be
warmed.
3.7 Hydronics
The science of heating and cooling with fluids.
3.8 Infiltration
Air leaking into the building through small cracks
around sash and doors.
3.9 One-Pipe System
A piping system in which the condensable vapor
or hot water withdrawn from the boiler and
returned as condensate or cold water from the
farthest unit to the same supply main.
3.10 Pressure Drop
1) Pipe flow loss (as from one end of a line to
the other) from friction, heat, etc.
2) Minor pressure losses across elements of
piping system such as valves, bends, joints,
etc.
4
IPS-E-AR-100(1)
‫ ﺗﻌﺎرﻳﻒ و واژﮔﺎن‬-3
‫ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ‬1-3
‫ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻛﺸﻲ ﮔﺮم ﻛﻪ ﺳﻴﺎل در آن ﺑﻄﻮر ﻛﺎﻣﻼً ﺑﺴﺘﻪ و ﺗﺤﺖ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎر ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ از ﺟﻮ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن داﺷﺘﻪ ارﺗﺒﺎط آن ﺑﺎ اﺗﻤﺴﻔﺮ ﻗﻄﻊ‬
.‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل دﻫﻨﺪه ﮔﺮﻣﺎ‬2-3
‫ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺣﺮارت ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﺎل اﻃﺮاف ﺑﻪ روش‬
.‫ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻮﺗﻮرﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﺮﻛﺰي‬3-3
‫ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻛﻪ از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻮﺗﻮرﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﺮﻛﺰي ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬
.‫دو ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن را ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ اﻧﺒﺴﺎط‬4-3
‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎً ﭘﺮ از آب ﻛﻪ در ﺑﺎﻻي ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ آﺑﻲ ﻗﺮار دارد‬
‫و ﺑﻤﻨﻈﻮر ﻛﺎﻫﺶ آب ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از اﻧﺒﺴﺎط و ﻳﺎ اﻧﻘﺒﺎض آب ﻣﻮرد‬
.‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮد‬
‫ ﺑﺎر ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬5-3
‫ﻣﻘﺪار ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﺟﺒﺮان ﺣﺮارت ﺗﻠﻒ ﺷﺪه در ﻓﻀﺎي‬
.‫ﺗﺤﺖ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز اﺳﺖ‬
‫ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬6-3
‫ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪاي ﻛﻪ ﺣﺮارت را از ﻳﻚ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ و از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﺑﻪ‬
.‫ﻣﺤﻠﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﮔﺮم ﺷﻮد ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‬
(‫ ﻫﻴﺪروﻧﻴﻚ )ﺳﻴﺎل‬7-3
.‫ﻋﻠﻢ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﺶ و ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﻴﺎل ﻫﺎ را ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﻧﻔﻮذ ﻫﻮا‬8-3
‫ﻧﻔﻮذ ﻫﻮا از ﻣﻴﺎن درزﻫﺎي ﻗﺎب درب ﻫﺎ و ﭘﻨﺠﺮه ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ داﺧﻞ‬
.‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن را ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ اي‬9-3
‫ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ ﻛﻪ در آن ﺑﺨﺎر ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻘﻄﻴﺮ ﻳﺎ آﺑﮕﺮم ﻛﺸﻴﺪه‬
‫ﺷﺪه از دﻳﮓ ﺑﺼﻮرت آب ﺗﻘﻄﻴﺮ ﻳﺎ آب ﺳﺮد ﻛﻪ از دورﺗﺮﻳﻦ‬
. ‫دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ داده ﺷﺪه ﻣﺠﺪداً وارد ﻣﻨﺒﻊ اﺻﻠﻲ ﻣﻴﮕﺮدد‬
‫ اﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر‬10-3
( ‫( اﺗﻼف ﺟﺮﻳﺎن در ﻟﻮﻟﻪ )از ﻳﻚ ﺳﺮ ﺗﺎ ﺳﺮ دﻳﮕﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬1
. ‫ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از اﺻﻄﻜﺎك ﻳﺎ ﺣﺮارت ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫( اﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر ﺟﺰﻳﻲ در اﺛﺮ ﻋﺒﻮر ﺳﻴﺎل از اﺟﺰاء ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻛﺸﻲ‬2
‫ اﺗﺼﺎﻻت و ﻏﻴﺮه‬، ‫ ﺧﻢﻫﺎ‬،‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬
 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ ‪Jul. 2009 / 1388‬‬ ‫)‪IPS-E-AR-100(1‬‬

‫‪3.11 Steam Trap‬‬ ‫‪ 11-3‬ﺗﻠﻪ ﺑﺨﺎر‬

‫‪A device that allows the passage of condensate‬‬
‫‪and prevents the passage of steam, or that which‬‬
‫‪allows the passage of air as well as condensate.‬‬
‫‪3.12 Two-Pipe System‬‬
‫‪A piping system in which one pipe is used for‬‬
‫‪supply of the heating medium to the heating unit,‬‬
‫‪and another for the return of the heating medium‬‬
‫‪to the supply main.‬‬
‫وﺳﻴﻠﻪاي ﻛﻪ اﺟﺎزه ﻣﻲدﻫﺪ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺗﻘﻄﻴﺮ از آن ﻋﺒﻮر ﻛﻨﺪ وﻟﻲ از‬
‫ﻋﺒﻮر ﺑﺨﺎر ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻳﺎ اﻣﻜﺎن ﻋﺒﻮر ﻫﻮا و ﺗﻘﻄﻴﺮ را‬
‫ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 12-3‬ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ دو ﻟﻮﻟﻪ اي‬
‫ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻛﺸﻲ ﻛﻪ در آن ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻳﻚ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ‬
‫دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد و ﻟﻮﻟﻪ دﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪3.13 Water Treatment‬‬ ‫‪ 13-3‬ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ آب‬

‫‪A process that removes impurities from water.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪي ﻛﻪ ﻧﺎﺧﺎﻟﺼﻲ ﻫﺎي آب را ﺑﺮﻃﺮف ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪3.14 Heat Loss‬‬ ‫‪ 14-3‬اﺗﻼف ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬

‫‪Heat loss should be calculated in the usual‬‬
‫‪manner, based on the proper wall and floor‬‬
‫‪coefficients and the outdoor air and ground‬‬
‫‪temperature.‬‬
‫اﺗﻼف ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺿﺮاﻳﺐ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺣﺮارت‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ دﻳﻮارﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﻒ‪ ،‬درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت ﻫﻮاي ﺧﺎرج و درﺟﻪ‬
‫ﺣﺮارت زﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﮔﺮدد‪.‬‬

‫)‪3.15 Heating Degree Days (HDD‬‬ ‫‪ 15-3‬روز – درﺟﻪ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ‬

‫در ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎت ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ واﺣﺪي اﺳﺖ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس اﺧﺘﻼف دﻣﺎ و‬
‫‪Sum of the degree days for heating, using a‬‬
‫‪common base of 65°F (18/3°C in condda), is used‬‬ ‫زﻣﺎن در ﺑﺮآورد اﻧﺮژي ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز در ﻫﺮ روز ﻛﻪ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ دﻣﺎي‬
‫‪with other factors to evaluate the energy‬‬ ‫ﻫﻮا از ﻳﻚ ﻋﺪد ﻣﺒﺪاء )ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ‪ 18/3‬درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد ﻣﻌﺎدل‬
‫‪requirements of a heating season.‬‬ ‫‪ 65‬درﺟﻪ ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ( ﻛﻢ ﺗﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬روز – درﺟﻪ در آن روز ﺟﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪاد درﺟﻪﻫﺎﻳﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ دﻣﺎي ﻫﻮا از ﻋﺪد ﻣﺒﺪاء ﻛﻢﺗﺮ اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫روز – درﺟﻪ در ﺳﺎل ﺟﻤﻊ ﻛﻞ ﺗﻌﺪاد اﻳﻦ درﺟﻪﻫﺎ در روزﻫﺎي‬
‫ﺳﺎل اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪4. UNITS‬‬ ‫‪ -4‬واﺣﺪﻫﺎ‬
‫‪This standard is based on International System of‬‬ ‫اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﻧﻈﺎم ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ واﺣﺪﻫﺎ )‪ ،(SI‬ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ‬
‫‪Units (SI), as per IPS-E-GN-100 except where‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ‪ IPS-E-GN-100‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﮕﺮ آﻧﻜﻪ در ﻣﺘﻦ‬
‫‪otherwise specified.‬‬
‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﻪ واﺣﺪ دﻳﮕﺮي اﺷﺎره ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪5‬‬
 Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬ IPS-E-AR-100(1)

PART I I ‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬

BASIC DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ‫ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪﻳﻬﺎي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ‬

5. HEAT LOAD CALCULATIONS ‫ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺑﺎر ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬-5

Designers shall determine the following ‫ﻃﺮاﺣﺎن ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻮارد زﻳﺮ را ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺑﺎر ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬
requirements for calculation heating loads : : ‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‬
5.1 Building Heat Load ‫ ﺑﺎر ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن‬1-5

5.1.1 Design conditions ‫ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬1-1-5

a) Winter climate data for outdoor conditions
can be found from records of the weather
organization as indicated in Attachment 1.
b) The indoor design temperature shall be
selected for each room to be heated during the
coldest weather. Optimum dry bulb temperature
for comfort at the breathing line (1.5 meter
above the floor) can be selected from the
recommended figures in Attachment 2.
‫اﻟﻒ( اﻃﻼﻋﺎت آب و ﻫﻮاﻳﻲ ﻓﺼﻞ زﻣﺴﺘﺎن ﺑﺮاي ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ‬
‫ﻫﻮاي ﺧﺎرج را ﻣﻲﺗﻮان از ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻫﻮاﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻛﺸﻮر اﺧﺬ‬
1 ‫ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮرﻳﻜﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ در ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ﺷﻤﺎره‬.‫ﻧﻤﻮد‬
.‫درج ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
‫ب( دﻣﺎي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ داﺧﻞ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻫﺮ‬
‫اﺗﺎق ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺳﺮد ﺗﺮﻳﻦ دﻣﺎي ﺧﺸﻚ ﻓﺼﻞ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬
‫ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ‬2 ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ از ﻛﻒ( ﻛﻪ از ﺟﺪول ﺷﻤﺎره‬1/5) ‫ﺷﻮد‬
. ‫ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻛﺮد‬

5.1.2 Heat transfer coefficient ‫ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺣﺮارت‬2-1-5

The heat transfer coefficient (U values) for each ‫( در ﺑﺎمﻫﺎي ﺷﻴﺐدار‬U) ‫ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺣﺮارت‬
area, relating to type of construction shall be
determined. With attic area above the room, the ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺳﺎزه ﺳﻘﻒ اﺗﺎق )ﻛﺎذب( و ﺳﻘﻒ اﺻﻠﻲ )ﺷﻴﺐدار( ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ‬
roof structure and ceiling of the top floor must be ‫ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد و ﺿﺮﻳﺐ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺣﺮارت ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻘﻒ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ‬
taken into consideration and the combined
coefficient for the top floor ceiling shall be as .‫ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺮار ذﻳﻞ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﮔﺮدد‬
follows:

U R UC
(Eq. 1) Ucr = ( 1 ‫) ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ‬
U
UR  C
r
Ar
A r=
Where: r = r
: ‫ﻛﻪ‬
Ac
Ac

UR = heat transfer coefficient of the roof,
W/M2 0C (BTU/ft2 0F)
UC = heat transfer coefficient of the ceiling,
W/M2 0C (BTU/ft2 0F)
Ucr = combined heat transfer coefficient,
W/M2 0C (BTU/ft2 0F).
r = square meter m2 (ft2) of roof area in attic (Ar)
،(‫ = ﺿﺮﻳﺐ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺣﺮارت ﺳﻘﻒ )ﺷﻴﺮواﻧﻲ‬UR
‫ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ وات ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺑﺮ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد )ﺑﻲﺗﻲﻳﻮ ﺑﺮ ﻓﻮت‬
(‫ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺑﺮ درﺟﻪ ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ‬
،(‫ = ﺿﺮﻳﺐ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺣﺮارت ﺳﻘﻒ )ﻛﺎذب‬UC
‫ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ وات ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺑﺮ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد )ﺑﻲﺗﻲﻳﻮ ﺑﺮ ﻓﻮت‬
(‫ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺑﺮ درﺟﻪ ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ‬
،‫ = ﺿﺮﻳﺐ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺣﺮارت ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ‬Ucr
‫ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ وات ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺑﺮ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد )ﺑﻲﺗﻲﻳﻮ ﺑﺮ ﻓﻮت‬
(‫ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺑﺮ درﺟﻪ ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ‬
‫ = ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﺳﻘﻒ ﺷﻴﺮواﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﻳﺎ ﻓﻮت ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬r

6
 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ ‪Jul. 2009 / 1388‬‬ ‫)‪IPS-E-AR-100(1‬‬

‫‪divided by the square meter (ft2) ceiling area‬‬ ‫)‪ (Ar‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﺳﻘﻒ زﻳﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﻳﺎ ﻓﻮت ﻣﺮﺑﻊ )‪(Ac‬‬
‫‪on top floor (Ac).‬‬
‫‪5.1.3 Unheated space temperatures‬‬ ‫‪ 3-1-5‬دﻣﺎي ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎي ﮔﺮم ﻧﺸﺪه‬
‫‪If the respective surface areas of unheated room‬‬ ‫اﮔﺮ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﺳﻄﻮح اﺗﺎق ﻫﺎي ﮔﺮم ﻧﺸﺪه ﻣﺠﺎور ﺑﻪ اﺗﺎق ﻫﺎي‬
‫‪adjacent to the heated room and those exposed to‬‬ ‫ﮔﺮم ﺷﺪه و ﺳﻄﻮﺣﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﻓﻀﺎي ﺧﺎرج ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
‫‪the outside are approximately the same, and if‬‬
‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎً ﻳﻜﺴﺎن ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ و ﺿﺮﻳﺐ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺣﺮارت آﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎً ﻣﺴﺎوي‬
‫‪coefficient of transmission is approximately‬‬
‫‪equal, the unheated space temperature maybe‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت ﻓﻀﺎي ﮔﺮم ﻧﺸﺪه را ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان ﺣﺪ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬
‫‪assumed to be the mean of indoor and outdoor‬‬ ‫دﻣﺎي داﺧﻠﻲ و دﻣﺎي ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻓﺮض ﻧﻤﻮد‪.‬‬
‫‪design temperature.‬‬

‫‪If surface areas and coefficients are unequal, the‬‬ ‫اﮔﺮ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﺳﻄﻮح و ﺿﺮاﻳﺐ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺴﺎوي ﻧﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت‬
‫‪unheated space temperature shall be calculated as‬‬ ‫ﻓﻀﺎي ﮔﺮم ﻧﺸﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ذﻳﻞ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬
‫‪follows:‬‬

‫)‪(Eq. 2‬‬ ‫)‪t (A U  A U  A U  etc.)  t (K V  A U  A U  A Uc  etc.‬‬ ‫)ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ‪(2‬‬

‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪u‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪i‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬

‫)‪(A U  A U  A U  etc.)  (K V  A U  A U  A U  etc.‬‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪b‬‬ ‫‪b‬‬ ‫‪c‬‬ ‫‪c‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪b‬‬ ‫‪b‬‬ ‫‪c‬‬ ‫‪c‬‬

‫‪Where:‬‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ‪:‬‬

‫‪K = 1200 KCal/m2 °C or 0.018 BTU/FT2 °F for‬‬ ‫‪ 1200 = K‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﻛﺎﻟﺮي ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد )ﻳﺎ‬
‫‪standard air.‬‬ ‫‪ 0/018‬ﺑﻲﺗﻲﻳﻮ ﺑﺮ ﻓﻮت ﻣﺮﺑﻊ درﺟﻪ ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺮاي ﻫﻮاي‬
‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‪.‬‬
‫‪tu = temperature in unheated space, °C (°F).‬‬ ‫‪ = tu‬درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت ﻓﻀﺎي ﮔﺮم ﻧﺸﺪه ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬
‫)درﺟﻪ ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ(‬
‫‪ti = indoor design temperature of heated room, °C‬‬ ‫‪ = ti‬درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت داﺧﻠﻲ ﻓﻀﺎي ﮔﺮم ﺷﺪه ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ‬
‫‪(°F).‬‬ ‫درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد )درﺟﻪ ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ(‬
‫‪to = outdoor design temperature, °C (°F).‬‬ ‫‪ = to‬درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬
‫)درﺟﻪ ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ(‬
‫‪A1, A2 , A3, etc. = areas of unheated space adjacent‬‬ ‫‪ A1, A2, A3‬و ﻏﻴﺮه = ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﺳﻄﻮح ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎي ﮔﺮم ﻧﺸﺪه‬
‫‪to heated space, m2 (ft2).‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎور ﺳﻄﻮح ﻓﻀﺎي ﮔﺮم ﺷﺪه‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ )ﻓﻮت ﻣﺮﺑﻊ(‬
‫‪Aa, Ab, Ac, etc. = areas of surface of unheated‬‬ ‫‪ Aa, Ab, Ac‬و ﻏﻴﺮه = ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﺳﻄﻮح ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎي ﮔﺮم ﻧﺸﺪه‬
‫‪space adjacent to outdoor,‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎور ﺳﻄﻮح ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ‪ .‬ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺘﺮ‬
‫‪m2 (ft2).‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻊ )ﻓﻮت ﻣﺮﺑﻊ(‬
‫)‪U1, U2, U3 etc. = W/m2 °C (BTU/ft2 °F‬‬ ‫‪U1, U2, U3 etc‬و ﻏﻴﺮه = وات ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘـــﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺳــــﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬
‫)ﺑﻲﺗﻲﻳﻮ ﺑﺮ ﻓﻮت ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺑﺮ درﺟﻪ‬
‫ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ(‬
‫‪UA, UB, UC, etc. = heat transfer coefficients of‬‬ ‫‪ UA, UB, UC‬و ﻏﻴﺮه = ﺿﺮﻳﺐ اﻧﺘﻘـﺎل ﺣـﺮارت ﺑـﺮاي ﺳـﻄﻮح‬
‫‪surfaces of Aa, Ab, Ac, etc.,‬‬ ‫‪ Aa, Ab, Ac‬و ﻏﻴﺮه ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ وات ﺑﺮ‬
‫‪w/m2 °C (BTU/ft2 oF).‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺳـﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕــــﺮاد‬
‫)ﺑﻲﺗﻲﻳﻮ ﺑﺮ ﻓﻮت ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺑﺮ درﺟﻪ‬
‫ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ(‬
‫‪ = Vo‬ﻣﻘﺪار ﻫﻮاي وارد ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻓﻀﺎي ﮔﺮم ﻧﺸﺪه از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻧﻔﻮذ‬
‫‪Vo = rate of introduction of air into the unheated‬‬
‫ﻫﻮا ﺑﺪاﺧﻞ و ﻳﺎ ﻫﻮاي ﺗﻌﻮﻳﻀﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻟﻴﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ‬

‫‪7‬‬
 Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
space by infiltration or ventilation, l/s (cfh).
5.1.4 Transmission heat loss
Where floors are directly on the ground, the
ground temperature is assumed 40 °C above
outside temperature. The heat losses by
conduction and convection including heat losses
through walls, ceilings, partitions, glass, doors
and floor above ground shall be calculated as
follows:
(Eq. 3) Q = AU (ti – to )
Where:
Q = heat transfer through the wall, roof, ceiling,
floor or glass, watts (Btu/h).
A = area of wall, glass, roof, ceiling, roof or other
exposed area, m2 (ft2).
U = air-to-air heat transfer coefficient, w/ m2 °C
(see chapter 25, ASHRAE 2005
Fundamentals volume).
ti = inside air temperature near surface involved,
°C (°F).
to = outdoor air temperature or temperature of
adjacent (partition) unheated space, °C (°F).
5.1.5 Basement heat loss
Heat loss through windows and walls above grade
shall be based on outdoor temperature and proper
air-to-air transfer coefficients. Heat loss through
basement walls below grade line shall be based on
the floor and wall coefficients for surfaces in
contact with the soil. The heat loss for below
grade basement walls and floors are given in
Tables 1 and 2.
8
IPS-E-AR-100(1)
(‫)ﻓﻮت ﻣﻜﻌﺐ در ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬
‫ اﺗﻼف اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺣﺮارت‬4-1-5
‫وﻗﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻒ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﺑﻄﻮر ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ روي زﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ دﻣﺎي‬
‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ از درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت ﺧﺎرج ﻓﺮض‬40 ‫زﻣﻴﻦ‬
‫ اﺗﻼف ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻫﺪاﻳﺖ و ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ اﺗﻼف‬.‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
‫ درب ﻫﺎ و ﻛﻒ‬،‫ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﻫﺎ‬،‫ ﺗﻴﻐﻪ ﻫﺎ‬،‫ ﺳﻘﻒ ﻫﺎ‬،‫ﺣﺮارت دﻳﻮارﻫﺎ‬
.‫ﺑﺎﻻي زﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻖ ذﻳﻞ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﮔﺮدد‬
( 3 ‫) ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ‬
: ‫ﻛﻪ‬
‫ ﺳﻘﻒ‬،‫ ﺳﻘﻒ‬،‫ = ﻣﻘﺪار اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺣﺮارت از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ دﻳﻮارﻫﺎ‬Q
‫ ﻛﻒ و ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ وات )ﺑﻲﺗﻲﻳﻮ ﺑﺮ‬،‫ﻛﺎذب‬
.(‫ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬
‫ ﺳﻘﻒ ﻛﺎذب ﻳﺎ ﺳﻄﻮح‬،‫ ﺑﺎم‬،‫ = ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ دﻳﻮار ﺷﻴﺸﻪﻫﺎ‬A
(‫ )ﻓﻮت ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬.‫ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎرج ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬
‫ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ وات ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬،‫ = ﺿﺮﻳﺐ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻫﻮا ﺑﻪ ﻫﻮا‬U
25 ‫ ﻓﺼﻞ‬ASHRAE 2005 ‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد )ﺑﻪ ﺟﻠﺪ اﺻﻮل‬
.(‫ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﺑﺮ‬،‫ = درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت ﻫﻮاي داﺧﻞ ﻧﺰدﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ‬ti
.(‫ﺣﺴﺐ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد )درﺟﻪ ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ‬
‫ = درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت ﻫﻮاي ﺧﺎرج ﻳﺎ درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت ﻓﻀﺎي ﮔﺮم‬to
‫ ﻣﺠﺎور ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد )درﺟﻪ‬،‫ﻧﺸﺪه‬
(‫ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ‬
‫ اﺗﻼف ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ در زﻳﺮ زﻣﻴﻦ‬5-1-5
‫اﺗﻼف ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ از ﭘﻨﺠﺮه ﻫﺎ و دﻳﻮارﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ از زﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮ‬
‫اﺳﺎس درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت ﻫﻮاي ﺧﺎرج و ﺿﺮاﻳﺐ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬
‫ اﺗﻼف ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ در دﻳﻮارﻫﺎي زﻳﺮزﻣﻴﻦ‬.‫ﺣﺮارت ﻫﻮا ﺑﻪ ﻫﻮا ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺿﺮاﻳﺐ ﻛﻒ و دﻳﻮار در ﺗﻤﺎس ﺑﺎ ﺧﺎك ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫اﺗﻼف ﺣﺮارت ﺑﺮاي دﻳﻮارﻫﺎي زﻳﺮ زﻣﻴﻦ و ﻛﻒ ﻫﺎي ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺗﺮ از‬
.‫ داده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬2‫و‬1 ‫زﻣﻴﻦ در ﺟﺪول‬
 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ ‪Jul. 2009 / 1388‬‬ ‫)‪IPS-E-AR-100(1‬‬

‫‪TABLE 1- HEAT LOSS BELOW GRADE IN BASEMENT WALLS‬‬

‫ﺟﺪول ‪ -1‬اﺗﻼف ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ در دﻳﻮارﻫﺎي زﻳﺮزﻣﻴﻦ‬

‫‪Path‬‬ ‫اﺗﻼف ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺑﻲﺗﻲﻳﻮ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺑﺮ ﻓﻮت ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺑﺮ درﺟﻪ ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ‪Heat loss,Btu/h.ft2.°F‬‬
‫‪Length‬‬
‫‪Depth‬‬
‫‪Through‬‬ ‫‪Uninsulated‬‬
‫*‬
‫ﻋﻤﻖ‬ ‫‪Soil, ft‬‬ ‫‪R = 4.17‬‬
‫ﺑﺪون ﻋﺎﻳﻖ‬ ‫‪R = 8.34‬‬ ‫‪R = 12.5‬‬
‫ﻃﻮل ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺧﺎﻛﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮت‬

‫‪0-1‬‬ ‫‪0.68‬‬ ‫‪0.410‬‬ ‫‪0.152‬‬ ‫‪0.93‬‬ ‫‪0.067‬‬

‫‪1-2‬‬ ‫‪2.27‬‬ ‫‪0.222‬‬ ‫‪0.632‬‬ ‫‪0.116‬‬ ‫‪0.286‬‬ ‫‪0.079‬‬ ‫‪0.172‬‬ ‫‪0.059‬‬ ‫‪0.126‬‬
‫‪2-3‬‬ ‫‪3.88‬‬ ‫‪0.155‬‬ ‫‪0.787‬‬ ‫‪0.094‬‬ ‫‪0.362‬‬ ‫‪0.068‬‬ ‫‪0.240‬‬ ‫‪0.053‬‬ ‫‪0.179‬‬
‫‪3-4‬‬ ‫‪5.52‬‬ ‫‪0.119‬‬ ‫‪0.906‬‬ ‫‪0.079‬‬ ‫‪0.441‬‬ ‫‪0.060‬‬ ‫‪0.300‬‬ ‫‪0.048‬‬ ‫‪0.227‬‬
‫‪4-5‬‬ ‫‪7.05‬‬ ‫‪0.096‬‬ ‫‪1.002‬‬ ‫‪0.069‬‬ ‫‪0.510‬‬ ‫‪0.053‬‬ ‫‪0.353‬‬ ‫‪0.044‬‬ ‫‪0.271‬‬
‫‪5-6‬‬ ‫‪8.65‬‬ ‫‪0.079‬‬ ‫‪1.081‬‬ ‫‪0.060‬‬ ‫‪0.570‬‬ ‫‪0.048‬‬ ‫‪0.401‬‬ ‫‪0.040‬‬ ‫‪0.311‬‬
‫‪6-7‬‬ ‫‪10.28‬‬ ‫‪0.069‬‬ ‫‪1.150‬‬ ‫‪0.054‬‬ ‫‪0.624‬‬ ‫‪0.044‬‬ ‫‪0.445‬‬ ‫‪0.037‬‬ ‫‪0.348‬‬
‫*‬
‫‪R = Thermal Resistance ft2.hr. °F / Btu.in = m°C / W‬‬
‫*‪ = R‬ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻓﻮت ﻣﺮﺑﻊ در ﺳﺎﻋﺖ در درﺟﻪ ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺑﻲﺗﻲﻳﻮ در اﻳﻨﭻ )ﻣﺘﺮ در درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد ﺑﺮ وات(‬

‫‪TABLE 2- HEAT LOSS THROUGH BASEMENT FLOORS Btu/h. ft2. °F‬‬

‫ﺟﺪول ‪ -2‬اﺗﻼف ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ در ﻛﻒ زﻳﺮزﻣﻴﻦ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺑﻲﺗﻲﻳﻮ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺑﺮ ﻓﻮت ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺑﺮ درﺟﻪ ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ‬
‫‪Depth of Foundation‬‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﺮض ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻓﻮت ‪Shortest Width of House, ft‬‬
‫‪Wall Below Grade‬‬

‫ﻋﻤﻖ دﻳﻮار ﭘﻲ در ﻃﺒﻘﻪ زﻳﺮ‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪28‬‬ ‫‪32‬‬

‫‪5 ft‬‬ ‫‪0.032‬‬ ‫‪0.029‬‬ ‫‪0.026‬‬ ‫‪0.023‬‬

‫‪6 ft‬‬ ‫‪0.030‬‬ ‫‪0.027‬‬ ‫‪0.025‬‬ ‫‪0.022‬‬
‫‪7 ft‬‬ ‫‪0.029‬‬ ‫‪0.026‬‬ ‫‪0.023‬‬ ‫‪0.021‬‬

‫‪5.1.6 Heat loss through floor slabs‬‬ ‫‪ 6-1-5‬اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ در ﺳﻨﮓ ﻓﺮش ﻫﺎي ﻛﻒ‬
‫‪Heat transmission from floor slabs can be‬‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺣﺮارت در ﺳﻨﮓ ﻓﺮشﻫﺎي ﻛﻒ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﺮﻣﻮل‬
‫‪calculated by the following equation:‬‬ ‫زﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﮔﺮدد‪:‬‬

‫)‪(Eq. 4‬‬ ‫)‪Q = F2 P (ti – to‬‬ ‫)ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ‪(4‬‬

‫‪Where:‬‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ‪:‬‬

‫‪Q = Heat loss through the perimeter of floor,‬‬ ‫‪ =Q‬اﺗﻼف ﺣﺮارت از ﭘﻴﺮاﻣﻮن ﻛﻒ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ وات‬
‫)‪W(Btu/h‬‬ ‫)ﺑﻲﺗﻲﻳﻮ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ(‬

‫‪F2 = Heat loss coefficient, of perimeter, w/m2 °C‬‬
‫‪per m (Btu/h °F per ft2) (see chapter 25 Table‬‬
‫‪5 of ASHRAE 2005 Fundamentals Volume).‬‬
‫)‪P = Perimeter or exposed edge of floor, m(ft‬‬
‫‪ = F2‬ﺿﺮﻳﺐ اﺗﻼف ﺣﺮارت ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻟﺒﻪ ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ﻛﻒ )ﺑﻪ ﻓﺼﻞ‬
‫‪ 25‬ﺟﺪول ‪ ASHRAE ، 2005، 5‬ﺟﻠﺪ اﺻﻮل‬
‫ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬
‫‪ = P‬ﭘﻴﺮاﻣﻮن ﻳﺎ ﻟﺒﻪ ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ﻛﻒ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺘﺮ )ﻓﻮت(‬

‫)‪ti = Indoor temperature, °C(°F‬‬ ‫‪ = ti‬درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت داﺧﻞ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬
‫)درﺟﻪ ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ(‬
‫)‪to = Outdoor temperature, °C (°F‬‬ ‫‪ = to‬درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت ﺧﺎرج‪ ،‬ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬
‫)درﺟﻪ ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ(‬

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 Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬ IPS-E-AR-100(1)

5.1.7 Heat loss by infiltration ‫ اﺗﻼف ﺣﺮارت ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﻧﻔﻮذ ﻫﻮا‬7-1-5

Infiltration heat loss can be calculated by crack ‫اﺗﻼف ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻧﻔﻮذ ﻫﻮا را ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ روش درز ﻳﺎ‬
method or air change method. .‫روش ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻫﻮا ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻛﺮد‬
5.1.7.1 In crack method the air leakage heat loss is ‫ اﺗﻼف ﺣﺮارت ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﻧﺸﺖ ﻫﻮا ﺑﻪ‬،‫ در روش درز‬1-7-1-5
determined as follows: :‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ذﻳﻞ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲ آﻳﺪ‬

(Eq. 5A) Qs = 1200 Q1 (ti -to) (‫ اﻟﻒ‬5 ‫)ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ‬

or

(Eq. 5B) (SI) Qs = 0.018 Q1 (ti - to) (‫ ب‬5 ‫)ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ‬

Q1 = Cr.AU

Where: : ‫ﻛﻪ‬
Qs = W (BTU/hr) ‫ = اﺗﻼف ﺣﺮارت ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﻧﻔﻮذ ﻫﻮا ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ وات )ﺑﻲﺗﻲﻳﻮ‬Qs
(‫ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬
Q1= Air flow rate ‫ = دﺑﻲ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻫﻮا ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ ﺑﺮ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ )ﻓﻮت‬Q1
(‫ﻣﻜﻌﺐ ﺑﺮ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ‬
Cr = effectiveness of opening ‫ = ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺑﺎز ﺷﻮ‬Cr
2 2
A = Free area of inlet opening m (ft ) (‫ = ﺳﻄﺢ ﻋﺒﻮر آزاد ﻫﻮا ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ )ﻓﻮت ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬A
U = Wind speed m/s (ft/s) (‫ = ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺎد ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺘﺮ در ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ )ﻓﻮت ﺑﺮ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ‬U

- (Cr is assumed to be 0.5 to 0.6 for ‫ و ﺑﺎدﻫﺎي‬0/6 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬0/5 ‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺎدﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﻮدي ﺑﻴﻦ‬Cr ) -
perpendicular winds and 0.25 to 0.35 for ( .‫ ﻓﺮض ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬0/35 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬0/25 ‫ﻣﻮرب‬
Diagonal winds )

5.1.7.2 To calculate infiltration by the air change ‫ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﻔﻮذ ﻫﻮا ﺑﻪ روش ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻫﻮا ﻓﺮﻣﻮل‬2-7-1-5
method, following formula can be used: .‫زﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻜﺎر رود‬

(Eq. 6) Qs = 1.2 × n × v × (ti – to) (6 ‫)ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ‬

Where: :‫ﻛﻪ‬
n = number of air changes per second. ‫ = ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻫﻮا در ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ‬n

v = volume of room, m3(ft3) (‫ = ﺣﺠﻢ اﻃﺎق ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ )ﻓﻮت ﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬v

The greatest value of QS between equations (5) ‫ را ﺑﺮاي اﺗﻼف ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬6 ‫ و‬5 ‫ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت‬QS ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار‬
and (6) shall be selected as the infiltration heat .‫ﻧﻔﻮذ ﻫﻮا ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻜﺎر ﺑﺮد‬
loss.

5.1.8 Total heat load ‫ ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﺑﺎر ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬8-1-5

The calculated heat load through transmission and
solar load from walls, ceiling, roof, partition, glass
and through infiltration into space (outside air)
shall be entered in a heat loss estimating sheet.
Referenced as a sample in Attachment 3.
‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺣﺮارت‬، ‫ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻛﻞ ﺑﺎر ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬
،‫ ﺳﻘﻒ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺑﺎم‬،‫از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﺸﻌﺸﻊ ﺧﻮرﺷﻴﺪي ﺑﻪ دﻳﻮارﻫﺎ‬
‫ ﺷﻴﺸﻪﻫﺎ و ﻧﻔﻮذ ﻫﻮا ﺑﻪ داﺧﻞ را ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﺑﺮآورد ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬،‫ﺗﻴﻐﻪﻫﺎ‬
.‫ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ آورده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬3 ‫ﻧﻤﻮد ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ﺷﻤﺎره‬

10
 Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬ IPS-E-AR-100(1)

Note: :‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
In building with permanent or steady internal heat ‫ داراي ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬،‫در ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻄﻮر داﺋﻢ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻄﻮر ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺖ‬
source of considerable size such as ovens, ‫ ﭼﺮاﻏﻬﺎي ﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ و ﻏﻴﺮه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬،‫ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ از ﻗﺒﻴﻞ اﺟﺎق ﻫﺎ‬
intensive lighting, etc. an equivalent amount of
.‫ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﻣﺬﻛﻮر ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﻛﻞ ﺑﺎر ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪه ﻛﺴﺮ ﺷﻮد‬
heat should be reduced from calculated total
heating load.

5.2 Domestic Hot Water Load ‫ ﺑﺎر آب ﮔﺮم ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ‬2-5

5.2.1 Domestic water heaters are divided into the :‫ آﺑﮕﺮﻣﻜﻦﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ دو دﺳﺘﻪ ذﻳﻞ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬1-2-5
two following classes:

1) Those which heat the water by direct ‫( آﺑﮕﺮﻣﻜﻦﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ آب ﺑﻄﻮر ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺣﺮارت ﮔﺮم‬1
application of heat such as gas water heater .‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ آﺑﮕﺮﻣﻜﻦﻫﺎي ﮔﺎزي و دﻳﮓﻫﺎي ﻛﻮﭼﻚ‬
and small boilers.

2) Those which transfer heat from water or ‫( آﺑﮕﺮﻣﻜﻦ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ آب ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ آب ﺑﺎ ﺑﺨﺎر دﻳﮓ‬2
steam in the heating boiler to the domestic ‫ اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮع آﺑﮕﺮﻣﻜﻦ ﻫﺎ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻧﺎم دارﻧﺪ و‬.‫ﮔﺮم ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
water. This is termed as indirect water
heating and can be accomplished by any of
:‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮارد زﻳﺮ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
the following:

a) Double shell storage tank (preferred
system). These are suitable for residential
and commercial application.
b) Instantaneous storage tank with
submerged coil. These are suitable for high
demand factor and industrial application.
c) Shell and tube heat exchangers, also
called thankless heaters. These are suitable
for various applications and are generally
horizontal in construction.
5.2.2 The heat requirement for the domestic hot
water which is in separate circuit from the space
heating water shall be evaluated and added to the
building heating load. The required heat for
consumed hot water may be estimated by the
following formula:
‫اﻟﻒ( ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ذﺧﻴﺮه دو ﺟﺪاره )ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺢ دارد( اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮع‬
‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎرﺑﺮي ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﻲ و ﺗﺠﺎري ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬
.‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
(‫ب( ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ذﺧﻴﺮه ﻟﺤﻈﻪاي ﺑﺎ ﻛﻮﻳﻞ )ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﺎرﭘﻴﭽﻲ‬
‫ اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮع ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺼﺎرف زﻳﺎد و ﻳﺎ‬،‫ﻏﻮﻃﻪور در آن‬
.‫ﻣﺼﺎرف ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ج( ﻣﺒﺪلﻫﺎي ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ و ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪاي ﻛﻪ‬
‫ اﻳﻦ‬.‫ﮔﺮﻣﻜﻦﻫﺎي ﺑﺪون ﻣﺨﺰن ﻧﻴﺰ ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪه ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﻧﻮع ﻣﺒﺪلﻫﺎ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺑﻄﻮر اﻓﻘﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎرﺑﺮدﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
‫ آب ﮔﺮم ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﻣﺪار ﻣﺠﺰا از ﻓﻀﺎي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن‬2-2-5
‫ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﺣﺮارت ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻗﺒﻼً ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ و‬
‫ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺣﺮارت ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﺮاي آب ﮔﺮم ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ‬.‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﮔﺮدد‬
:‫ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻓﺮﻣﻮل زﻳﺮ ﺑﺮآورد ﮔﺮدد‬

4.2H( t 2  t)
(Eq. 7A) Q= 1 (‫ اﻟﻒ‬7 ‫)ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ‬
n
OR

1H(t 2  t1)
(Eq. 7b) (SI) Q= (‫ ب‬7 ‫)ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ‬
n

Where: :‫ﻛﻪ‬
Q = required heat load, kW (Btu/h) ‫ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ وات )ﺑﻲﺗﻲﻳﻮ ﺑﺮ‬،‫ = ﺑﺎر ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز‬Q
(‫ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬

11
 Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
H = hot water demand, liters (gallons)
t2 = hot water temperature, °C (°F)
t1 = city water temperature, °C (°F)
n = the required time for water heating, (normally
between 3-4 hours)
Note:
The demand of domestic hot water can be
estimated by using the maximum consumption per
occupant.
6. TYPE OF HEATING SYSTEM
6.1 In-Space Heating Equipment
6.1.1 In-space heating equipment contrary to
central heating does not need ducts or piping to
convey heat from the source to the room that is to
be heated. Gravity type models (fossil-fueled) do
not require electrical connection, the circulation
from the heat source to the room is provided by
natural convection.
6.1.2 In-space heating equipment can be classified
as follows:
a) Gas in-space heaters including room
heaters, wall furnaces, and floor furnaces.
b) Oil in-space convective heaters including
vaporizing pot-type heaters, powered
atomizing type and portable-type kerosene
heaters.
c) Electrical in-space heaters including wall
and floor heaters, baseboard heaters, radiant
convector wall panel, embedded cable heat
and portable electric heaters.
d) Solid fuel in-space heaters.
Note:
For safety and control considerations, reference is
made to ASHRAE 2004 Equipment volume.
6.2 Central Heating System
6.2.1 Water heating system
Water systems use hot water to convey heat
12
IPS-E-AR-100(1)
.(‫ = ﻣﻘﺪار آب ﮔﺮم ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻟﻴﺘﺮ )ﮔﺎﻟﻦ‬H
(‫ = درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت آﺑﮕﺮم ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد )درﺟﻪ ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ‬t2
‫ = درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت آب ﺷﻬﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد )درﺟﻪ‬t1
(‫ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ‬
4 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬3 ‫ = زﻣﺎن ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﺮاي ﮔﺮم ﻛﺮدن آب )ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺑﻴﻦ‬n
(‫ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬
:‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
‫آب ﮔﺮم ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﺧﺎﻧﮕﻲ را ﻣﻲﺗﻮان ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ‬
.‫ﻣﺼﺮف ﻫﺮ ﻓﺮد ﺑﺮآورد ﻧﻤﻮد‬
‫ ﻧﻮع ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﮔﺮم ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬-6
‫ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﮔﺮم ﻛﻨﻨﺪه در داﺧﻞ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن‬1-6
‫ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﮔﺮم ﻛﻨﻨﺪه در داﺧﻞ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﺑﺮﻋﻜﺲ ﮔﺮم‬1-1-6
‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪهﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﻛﺰي ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﻧﺎل ﻳﺎ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻛﺸﻲ ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬
‫ ﻧﻮع‬.‫ﺣﺮارت از ﻳﻚ ﭼﺸﻤﻪ ﺑﻪ اﺗﺎﻗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﮔﺮم ﺷﻮد ﻧﺪارد‬
‫ و ﮔﺮﻣﺎ از ﻳﻚ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‬،‫ﺛﻘﻠﻲ )ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﻓﺴﻴﻠﻲ( ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮق ﻧﺪارد‬
.‫ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﻲﭘﺬﻳﺮد‬
‫ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﮔﺮم ﻛﻨﻨﺪه در داﺧﻞ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ‬2-1-6
.‫ﺷﺮح ذﻳﻞ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫اﻟﻒ( ﮔﺮم ﻛﻨﻨﺪهﻫﺎي ﮔﺎزي داﺧﻞ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫ ﺑﺨﺎريﻫﺎي دﻳﻮاري و ﺑﺨﺎريﻫﺎي‬،‫ﺑﺨﺎري ﻫﺎي ﮔﺎزي‬
.‫زﻣﻴﻨﻲ‬
‫ ﻧﻮع‬،‫ب( ﺑﺨﺎري ﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺘﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻧﻮع دﻳﮕﭽﻪ ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮي‬
.‫ﭘﻮدري و ﺑﺨﺎرﻳﻬﺎي ﻧﻔﺘﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺣﻤﻞ‬
،‫ ﺗﺸﻌﺸﻌﻲ‬،‫ ﻛﺎﺑﻴﻨﺘﻲ‬،‫ زﻣﻴﻨﻲ‬،‫ج( ﺑﺨﺎري ﺑﺮﻗﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ دﻳﻮاري‬
.‫ ﻧﻮع ﺗﻮﻛﺎر و ﻧﻮع ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺣﻤﻞ‬،‫ﻧﻮع دﻳﻮاري ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ‬
.‫د( ﺑﺨﺎري ﻫﺎي ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ داﺧﻞ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن‬
:‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
2004 ،‫ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت اﻳﻤﻨﻲ و ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﺮﺟﻊ‬
.‫ ﺟﻠﺪ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬ASHRAE
‫ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺣﺮارت ﻣﺮﻛﺰي‬2-6
‫ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ آﺑﻲ‬1-2-6
‫ آﺑﮕﺮم را از دﻳﮓ ﻳﺎ آﺑﮕﺮﻣﻜﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬،‫ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي آﺑﻲ‬
 Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
through piping connection from boiler or water
heater to suitable terminal units. Water systems
can be classified by temperature, flow generation,
pressurization, piping arrangement and pumping
arrangement.
6.2.1.1 Types
There are two types of hot water heating system
classified by flow generation:
a) Gravity flow system, which uses difference
in weight between the supply and return water
to circulate water to the heating terminals.
Water heated in the boiler increases in volume
and rises, simultaneously with a downward
movement of the cooler heavier water in the
return main; thus setting up the circulation.
b) Forced circulation system, in which an
electric pump is employed to provide
movement of the water. This system is the
preferred type as circulation to the heating
terminals are speeded and can almost be
instantly supplied with hot water or maintain a
constant temperature in the system to offset
outside weather conditions.
6.2.1.2 Piping arrangement
According to piping arrangement the water
heating system is divided into:
a) One-pipe system or monoflow single loop
main are system with a supply and a return tee
installed on the main. One-pipe circuits allow
manual or automatic control of flow to
individual connected heating units. The length
and load (temperature variation) imposed on a
one-pipe circuit is usually small because of the
limitations.
b) Two-pipe circuits which can be direct-
return or reverse-return:
i) In direct-return circuits, the return main
flow direction is opposite the supply main
flow, and the return water from each unit
takes the shortest path back to the boiler.
The direct-return system usually requires
circuit balancing of flow control valves on
unit or sub-circuits.
13
IPS-E-AR-100(1)
‫ﺣﺮارت از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻛﺸﻲ ﺑﻪ واﺣﺪﻫﺎي ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ‬
،‫ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن‬،‫ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي آﺑﻲ را ﻣﻲﺗﻮان ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ دﻣﺎ‬.‫ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
.‫ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻛﺸﻲ و آراﻳﺶ ﭘﻤﭙﺎژ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢﺑﻨﺪي ﻧﻤﻮد‬،‫ﻓﺸﺎر‬
‫ اﻧﻮاع‬1-1-2-6
‫دو ﻧﻮع ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﮔﺮم ﻛﻨﻨﺪه آب ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻧﻮع ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮح ذﻳﻞ‬
: ‫ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪي ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
‫اﻟﻒ( ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﺛﻘﻠﻲ در اﺛﺮ اﺧﺘﻼف وزن ﺑﻴﻦ آب رﻓﺖ‬
‫و ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن اﻧﺪاﺧﺘﻦ و ارﺳﺎل آب ﺑﻪ‬
‫ ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻛﻪ آب ﮔﺮم‬.‫واﺣﺪﻫﺎي ﮔﺮﻣﺎزا اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
‫اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﺣﺠﻢ ﭘﻴﺪا ﻛﺮده و ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎن آب ﺳﺮد ﺑﻄﺮف ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ‬
.‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬
‫ب( ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر ﻛﻪ در ان ﻳﻚ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺮﻗﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺤﺮﻛﺖ در آوردن آب ﺑﻜﺎر ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ اﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ارﺟﻌﻴﺖ دارد زﻳﺮا ﺟﺮﻳﺎن از‬
‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﺑﻮده و ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺳﺮﻳﻌﺘﺮ آب ﮔﺮم‬
‫را ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﺎط ﻣﺼﺮف ارﺳﺎل ﻛﻨﺪ و ﻳﺎ دﻣﺎي ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ را‬
‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎً ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﮕﻬﺪاﺷﺘﻪ و ﻫﻮاي داﺧﻞ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن را ﻣﺘﻌﺎدل‬
.‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ آراﻳﺶ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ‬2-1-2-6
‫ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس آراﻳﺶ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﮔﺮم ﻛﻨﻨﺪه آب ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮح ذﻳﻞ‬
:‫ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
‫اﻟﻒ( ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻟﻮﻟﻪاي ﻳﺎ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﺗﻚ ﻣﺪاري اﺻﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ اي اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ اﻧﺸﻌﺎب ﺳﻪ راﻫﻪ در ﻟﻮﻟﻪ رﻓﺖ و‬
‫ در ﻣﺪار‬.‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ در ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ اﺻﻠﻲ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدد‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﻟﻮﻟﻪاي ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﺑﻪ واﺣﺪﻫﺎي ﮔﺮم ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻣﺠﺰا ﺑﺼﻮرت‬
‫دﺳﺘﻲ ﻳﺎ اﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدد ﻃﻮل و ﺑﺎر )ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬
ً‫دﻣﺎ( ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺖﻫﺎ در ﻣﺪار ﺗﻚ ﻟﻮﻟﻪاي ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ‬
.‫اﺛﺮ ﻛﻤﻲ دارد‬
‫ب( ﻣﺪارﻫﺎي دو ﻟﻮﻟﻪاي ﻛﻪ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻳﺎ‬
:‫ﻣﻌﻜﻮس ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن اﺻﻠﻲ‬،‫( در ﻣﺪارﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‬i
‫ﻋﻜﺲ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻟﻮﻟﻪ اﺻﻠﻲ رﻓﺖ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ و آب از ﻫﺮ‬
‫واﺣﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻫﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ دﻳﮓ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ داده‬
‫ ﻧﻮع ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪار ﻣﺘﻌﺎدل‬.‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﺑﺮ روي واﺣﺪ‬
.‫ﮔﺮﻣﺎزا و ﻳﺎ ﻣﺪار ﻓﺮﻋﻲ دارد‬
 Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
ii) In reverse-return circuits the return main
flows in the same direction as the supply
main flow, and the return main returns all
water to the boiler after the last unit is fed.
Reverse-return system seldom needs
balancing valves, as the water flow
distance to and from boiler is the same
through any unit.
iii) Series loop arrangement which is a
continuous run of pipe or tube from a
supply connection to a return connection.
Terminal units are a part of the loop. One
or many series loops can be used in a
complete system. The length of loop can
be increased by increasing operating
temperature drop and decreasing flow rate.
The series loop can be used as a part of
two-pipe direct-return system.
6.2.1.3 Temperature classifications
Water system in term of temperature is divided as
follows:
a) Low temperature water system (LTW).
The maximum allowable working pressure
shall be up to 1102 kPa (160 Psi) with a
maximum temperature limitation of 121.1°C
(250°F).
b) Medium temperature water system
(MTW).
This system operates at temperature of
176.7°C (350°F) or less, with pressure not
exceeding 1034 KPa (150 Psi).
c) High temperature water system (HTW).
A hot water heating system operates at
temperature over 176.7°C (350°F) and
pressure of about 2068 kPa (300 Psi).
The maximum design supply water
temperature is from 204.6°C to 232.2°C (400
to 450°F).
6.2.1.4 Water system equipment
Central plant for water heating system shall
consist the minimum requirements of following
equipment:
14
IPS-E-AR-100(1)
‫ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻟﻮﻟﻪ اﺻﻠﻲ‬،‫( در ﻣﺪارﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﻣﻌﻜﻮس‬ii
‫ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ در ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻟﻮﻟﻪ اﺻﻠﻲ رﻓﺖ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ و‬
‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ اﺻﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﭘﺲ از ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ آﺧﺮﻳﻦ واﺣﺪ ﺗﻤﺎم‬
‫ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ‬.‫آب را ﺑﻪ دﻳﮓ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻜﻮس ﺑﻨﺪرت ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﻪ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻌﺎدل ﻛﻨﻨﺪه دارد و‬
‫ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ از دﻳﮓ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ واﺣﺪ ﻳﺎ‬
.‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻜﺲ ﻳﻜﺴﺎن ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫( در آراﻳﺶ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺪاره اي ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﺑﻄﻮر ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ در‬iii
‫ واﺣﺪﻫﺎي‬.‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ از ﻣﺴﻴﺮ رﻓﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﺑﺮﻗﺮار اﺳﺖ‬
‫ در ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ‬.‫ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از ﻣﺪار ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان از ﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻣﺪار اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬
‫ ﻃﻮل ﻣﺪار ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ اﻓﺖ دﻣﺎي‬.‫ﻧﻤﻮد‬
.‫ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬،‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد و ﻳﺎ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻴﺰان ﺟﺮﻳﺎن‬
‫ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺪاره اي ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از‬
‫ﻣﺪارﻫﺎي دو ﻟﻮﻟﻪ اي ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬
.‫ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي دﻣﺎ‬3-1-2-6
:‫ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ آب ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس دﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮح ذﻳﻞ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
.(LTW) ‫اﻟﻒ( ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ آب ﺑﺎ دﻣﺎي ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ‬
‫ اﻳﻨﭻ‬160) ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل‬1102 ‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﺸﺎر ﻣﺠﺎز ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺎ‬
‫ درﺟﻪ‬121/2 ‫ﺑﺮ اﻳﻨﭻ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ( و ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت‬
.(‫ درﺟﻪ ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ‬250) ‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬
.(MTW) ‫ب( ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ آب ﺑﺎ دﻣﺎي ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬
‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬176/7 ‫اﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ در درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت‬
1034 ‫ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺸﺎر ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ‬،‫ درﺟﻪ ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ( ﻳﺎ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ‬350)
. ‫ ﭘﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺮ اﻳﻨﭻ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ( ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻴﺮود‬150) ‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل‬
.(HTW) ‫ج( ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ آب ﺑﺎ دﻣﺎي ﺑﺎﻻ‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﮔﺮم ﻛﻨﻨﺪه آب ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت ﺑﻴﺶ از‬
‫ درﺟﻪ ﻓﺎﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ( و ﻓﺸﺎر ﺣﺪود‬350) ‫ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬176/7
‫ ﭘﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺮ اﻳﻨﭻ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ( ﻋﻤﻞ‬300) ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل‬2068
‫ ﺗﺎ‬204/6˚ ‫ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ دﻣﺎي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ آب از‬.‫ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
(‫ درﺟﻪ ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ‬450 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬400) ‫ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬232/2˚
.‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ آب‬4-1-2-6
‫ﻣﻮﺗﻮرﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﺮﻛﺰي ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﮔﺮم ﻛﻨﻨﺪه آب ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬
:‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ذﻳﻞ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
 Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
a) Boiler (cast iron or steel).
b) Automatic fuel burner which may be gas
burner, fuel oil burner or dual fuel burner.
c) Circulating pump.
d) Pipe headers.
e) Distribution piping, fittings, valves,
strainers, expansion joints and supports.
f) Expansion tank (closed or open).
g) Terminal units and heat exchanger.
h) Breeching and chimney.
i) Water treatment equipment and facilities
(where required).
j) Main electrical panel and electric wirings
with interlocks.
k) Insulation materials.
l) Automatic controls.
Note:
For a typical boiler room piping layout, reference
is made to Attachment 4.
6.2.2 Steam heating system
According to the piping arrangement that supply
steam to and returns condensate from the terminal
equipment, the steam heating systems can be
classified as one-pipe or two-pipe system.
These systems can be sub-divided into:
a) By the method of condensate return (gravity
flow or mechanical flow by means of
condensate pump or vacuum pump).
b) By the piping arrangement (up-feed or
down-feed and parallel or counter flow for
one-pipe systems). Steam heating system may
be classified into:
i) High pressure (operating pressure above
103 kPa or 15 Psi), low pressure (pressure
less than 103 kPa or 15 Psi).
15
IPS-E-AR-100(1)
. (‫اﻟﻒ( دﻳﮓ )ﭼﺪﻧﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻓﻮﻻدي‬
‫ب( ﻣﺸﻌﻞ ﺳﻮﺧﺖ اﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ از ﻧﻮع ﻣﺸﻌﻞ‬
.‫ ﮔﺎزوﺋﻴﻠﻲ ﻳﺎ دوﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺳﻮز ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬،‫ﮔﺎزي‬
.‫ج( ﭘﻤﭗ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﮔﺮدﺷﻲ‬
.‫د( ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎي ﭼﻨﺪ راﻫﻪ‬
،‫ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ ﻫﺎ‬،‫ ﺷﻴﺮآﻻت‬،‫ اﺗﺼﺎﻻت‬،‫ﻫ( ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻛﺸﻲ ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﺳﻴﺎل‬
.‫اﺗﺼﺎﻻت اﻧﺒﺴﺎﻃﻲ و ﺗﻜﻴﻪ ﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎ‬
.(‫و( ﻣﻨﺒﻊ اﻧﺒﺴﺎط )ﺑﺎز ﻳﺎ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ‬
.‫ز( واﺣﺪﻫﺎي ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻧﻪ و ﻣﺒﺪﻟﻬﺎي ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬
.‫ح( ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ ﺑﺨﺎر دﻳﮓ و دودﻛﺶ‬
. (‫ط( ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ آب و )ﺳﺮوﻳﺴﻬﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز‬
.‫ي( ﺗﺎﺑﻠﻮ اﺻﻠﻲ ﺑﺮق و ﺳﻴﻢ ﻛﺸﻲ ﺑﺎ اﺗﺼﺎل داﺧﻠﻲ آﻧﻬﺎ‬
.‫ك( ﻣﻮاد ﻋﺎﻳﻖ ﻛﺎري‬
.‫ل( ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﻫﺎي ﺧﻮدﻛﺎر‬
: ‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
.‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬4 ‫ﺑﺮاي ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ از ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻛﺸﻲ ﻣﻮﺗﻮرﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ‬
‫ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﮔﺮم ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ ﺑﺨﺎر‬2-2-6
‫ ﺑﺨﺎر رﻓﺖ و ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﺗﻘﻄﻴﺮ آن از‬،‫ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس آراﻳﺶ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ‬
‫ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﮔﺮم ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ ﺑﺨﺎر ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ‬، ‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ‬
.‫ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻟﻮﻟﻪاي ﻳﺎ دو ﻟﻮﻟﻪاي ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺷﻮد‬
:‫اﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ اﺟﺰاء زﻳﺮ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫اﻟﻒ( ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ روش ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﺗﻘﻄﻴﺮ )ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﺛﻘﻠﻲ ﻳﺎ‬
(‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻘﻄﻴﺮ و ﻳﺎ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎي ﺧﻼء‬
‫ب( ﺑﺎ روش آراﻳﺶ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻛﺸﻲ )ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﻲ و‬
‫ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻣﻮازي ﻳﺎ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﻌﻜﻮس ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻳﻚ‬
‫ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﮔﺮم ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ ﺑﺨﺎر ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺑﺸﺮح ذﻳﻞ‬.(‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪاي‬
:‫ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل‬103 ‫( ﻓﺸﺎر زﻳﺎد )ﻓﺸﺎر ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﺑﻴﺶ از‬i
‫ ﭘﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺮ اﻳﻨﭻ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ( و ﻓﺸﺎر ﻛﻢ )ﻓﺸﺎر ﻛﺎر ﻛﻤﺘﺮ‬15 ‫ﻳﺎ‬
(‫ ﭘﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺮ اﻳﻨﭻ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬15 ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل ﻳﺎ‬103 ‫از‬
 Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
ii) Vacuum or vapor system (when under
vacuum and low pressure condition, use of
vacuum pump is needed).
6.2.2.1 Steam heating system equipment
Water system equipment as mentioned in clause
6.2.1.4 shall apply, but with addition of necessary
steam trap, steam control valves, condensate tank,
including necessary steam line accessories and
controls.
6.2.3 Duct water heaters
Duct water heaters may be selected in the air-
conditioning units systems. These heaters used for
adding heating to cooling or venting systems
through ductwork.
6.2.4 Electrical coil duct heaters
According to the heating system design. Electrical
coil duct heater can be used.
6.2.5 Solar energy
For solar energy application see ASHRAE
Equipment 2004 , chapter 33 page 33/1 to 33/20
7. PIPE SIZING
7.1 Hot Water Pipe Sizing
7.1.1 To properly design a water piping system, the
designer shall evaluate pressure drop due to pipe
friction loss and pressure loss through valves,
fittings and other elements. The general range of
pipe friction loss used for design of hydronic
systems shall be between 100 and 400 Pa/m (4
ft/100 ft). A value of 250 Pa/m (2.5 ft/100 ft)
represents the mean to which most systems are
designed.
7.1.2 Closed loop systems shall be sized below
certain upper limits for velocity, such as a velocity
limit of 1.2 m/s (240 fpm) for 50 mm pipe and
under. Velocity in excess of 1.2 m/s can be used in
piping of larger sizes.
7.1.3 The rate of water flow in a system can be
determined by the heat carrying capacity in any
particular section of piping. This carrying load
depends on the type of piping system. The
following equation shall be used to describe rate of
water flow for each section:
16
IPS-E-AR-100(1)
‫( ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺧﻼء ﻳﺎ ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ )در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ و ﻓﺸﺎر ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﭘﻤﭗ‬ii
.(‫ﺧﻼء ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز اﺳﺖ‬
‫ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﮔﺮم ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ ﺑﺨﺎر‬1-2-2-6
‫ ذﻛﺮ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ‬4-1-2-6 ‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ آﺑﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﺑﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺗﻘﻄﻴﺮ و‬،‫ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺑﺨﺎر‬،‫اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻛﺮدن ﺗﻠﻪ ﺑﺨﺎر‬
.‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻠﺰوﻣﺎت در ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻛﺸﻲ ﺑﺨﺎر و ﻛﻨﺘﺮلﻫﺎي آن ﺑﻜﺎر رود‬
‫ ﮔﺮم ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﺎي آﺑﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻟﻲ‬3-2-6
‫ﮔﺮم ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﺎي آﺑﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ در ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي‬
‫ اﻳﻦ ﮔﺮم ﻛﻨﻨﺪهﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاي‬.‫دﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮع اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫اﻓﺰودن ﮔﺮﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻛﺎﻧﺎل ﺑﻜﺎر‬
.‫ﻣﻴﺮوﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﮔﺮم ﻛﻨﻨﺪهﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ ﻛﻮﻳﻞ ﺑﺮﻗﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻟﻲ‬4-2-6
‫ ﻧﻮع ﺑﺮﻗﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻟﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻲﺗﻮان‬، ‫ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬
.‫ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﺑﺮد‬
‫ اﻧﺮژي ﺧﻮرﺷﻴﺪي‬5-2-6
ASHRAE ‫ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻜﺎرﮔﻴﺮي اﻧﺮژي ﺧﻮرﺷﻴﺪي ﺑﻪ ﻛﺘﺎب ﻣﺮﺟﻊ‬
33/20 ‫ اﻟﻲ‬33/1 ‫ ﺻﻔﺤﺎت‬33 ‫ ﺟﻠﺪ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺑﺨﺶ‬2004
.‫ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﮔﺮدد‬
‫ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬-7
‫ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ آب ﮔﺮم‬1-7
‫ ﻃﺮاح ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬،‫ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ آب‬1-1-7
‫ اﺗﺼﺎﻻت و‬،‫ ﺷﻴﺮآﻻت‬، ‫اﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از اﺻﻄﻜﺎك در ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ‬
‫ در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻫﻴﺪروﻟﻴﻜﻲ‬.‫اﺟﺰاء دﻳﮕﺮ را ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ ﻓﻮت‬4) ‫ ﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ‬400 ‫ و‬100 ‫ﻧﺮخ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ اﻳﻦ ﻓﺸﺎر ﺑﻴﻦ‬
‫ ﻓﻮت ﺑﺮ‬2،5) ‫ ﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ‬250 ‫ ﻣﻘﺪار‬.‫ ﻓﻮت( ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬100 ‫ﺑﺮ‬
‫ ﻓﻮت( ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﻨﺪه ﺣﺪ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ در ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ‬100
.‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ در‬،‫ در ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺪار ﺑﺴﺘﻪ‬2-1-7
.‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺳﺮﻋﺘﻲ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از ﻣﺤﺪوده ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺠﺎز اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﻴﺮد‬
50 ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﺮ‬1/2 ‫ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺖ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬
‫ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ را ﺑﺮاي‬1/2 ‫ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ و ﻛﻤﺘﺮ و ﻣﻴﺰان ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﻴﺶ از‬
.‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻲﺗﻮان در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‬
‫ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺟﺮﻳﺎن آب در ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ را ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس‬3-1-7
‫ ﻛﻪ‬،‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺣﺎﻣﻞ در ﻫﺮ ﺑﺨﺶ از ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻛﺸﻲ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﻮد‬
‫ ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ذﻳﻞ ﺟﻬﺖ‬.‫اﻳﻦ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮع ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻛﺸﻲ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ دارد‬
.‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻘﺪار آب ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ ‪Jul. 2009 / 1388‬‬ ‫)‪IPS-E-AR-100(1‬‬

‫)‪(Eq. 8‬‬ ‫=‪G‬‬ ‫‪H‬‬ ‫) ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ‪(8‬‬

‫)‪4.8w.c( t1  t 2‬‬

‫‪Where:‬‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ‪:‬‬

‫‪G = water flow rate, l/s (gpm).‬‬ ‫‪ = G‬دﺑﻲ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن آب‪ ،‬ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻟﻴﺘﺮ در ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ )ﮔﺎﻟﻦ در دﻗﻴﻘﻪ(‬

‫)‪H = heat carrying capacity, kJ/hr (Btu/h‬‬ ‫‪ = H‬ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺣﺎﻣﻞ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﻛﺎﻟﺮي در ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬
‫)ﺑﻲ ﺗﻲ ﻳﻮ در ﺳﺎﻋﺖ(‬
‫‪W = density of water.‬‬ ‫‪ = W‬ﺟﺮم ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﻣﺨﺼﻮص )داﻧﺴﻴﺘﻪ(‬

‫)‪C = specific heat of water, kJ/kg°C (Btu/lb°F‬‬ ‫‪ = C‬ﮔﺮﻣﺎي وﻳﮋه آب‪ ،‬ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ژول ﺑﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد )ﺑﻲ ﺗﻲ ﻳﻮ ﺑﺮ ﭘﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺮ درﺟﻪ ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ(‬
‫‪t1 , t 2 = temperature of water entering and leaving‬‬
‫‪ = t 2 , t1‬درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت ورودي و ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ آب از دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﮔﺮم‬
‫‪the heating unit, °C (°F).‬‬ ‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‪ ،‬ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد )درﺟﻪ ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ(‬

‫‪A 11°C (20°F) temperature drop between heating‬‬ ‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎً اﻓﺖ درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت ‪ 11‬درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد )‪ 20‬درﺟﻪ‬
‫‪unit inlet and outlet is extensively used. At this‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ( ﺑﻴﻦ آب ورودي و ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه‬
‫‪temperature drop, 1 gpm will release (10,000 Btu‬‬
‫اﺳﺖ‪ .‬در اﻳﻦ دﻣﺎ در ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﮔﺎﻟﻦ در دﻗﻴﻘﻪ‪10000 ،‬ﺑﻲ ﺗﻲ ﻳﻮ‬
‫‪per hour). So the flow rate for each section can be‬‬
‫‪determined as follows:‬‬ ‫در ﺳﺎﻋﺖ آزاد ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار دﺑﻲ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﺸﺮح زﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﻮد‪:‬‬

‫‪In I-P unit :‬‬ ‫)‪(Eq. 9A‬‬ ‫=‪G‬‬ ‫‪H‬‬ ‫)ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ‪ 9‬اﻟﻒ(در واﺣﺪ اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ‬
‫‪10,000‬‬

‫‪In SI unit :‬‬ ‫)‪(Eq. 9B‬‬ ‫‪G= H‬‬ ‫)ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ‪ 9‬ب(در واﺣﺪ ﻣﺘﺮﻳﻚ‬
‫‪42‬‬

‫‪Where:‬‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ‪:‬‬

‫)‪H = heat carrying capacity, kW (Btu/hr‬‬ ‫‪ = H‬ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺣﺎﻣﻞ ﺣﺮارت‪ ،‬ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ وات )ﺑﻲ ﺗﻲ ﻳﻮ در‬
‫ﺳﺎﻋﺖ(‬
‫)‪G = water flow rate, l/s (gpm‬‬ ‫‪ = G‬دﺑﻲ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن آب‪ ،‬ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻟﻴﺘﺮ در ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ )ﮔﺎﻟﻦ در دﻗﻴﻘﻪ(‬

‫‪7.1.4 The pipe size for each section can be‬‬ ‫‪ 4-1-7‬ﻗﻄﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ در ﻫﺮ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰان‬
‫‪determined from the volume flow rate and‬‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن و اﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﻮد ‪.‬‬
‫‪pressure drop.‬‬

‫‪7.1.5 Designer shall calculate the straight lengths‬‬ ‫‪ 5-1-7‬ﻃﺮاح ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ ﻃﻮل ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻃﻮل‬
‫‪of pipe and additional equivalent length due to‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎدل اﺗﺼﺎﻻت‪ ،‬ﺷﻴﺮآﻻت و اﺟﺰاء دﻳﮕﺮ را ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪fittings, valves and other elements. The straight‬‬
‫‪pipe length shall be measured to the centerline of‬‬
‫در ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻃﻮل ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‪ ،‬اﺗﺼﺎﻻت و‬
‫‪all fittings and valves.‬‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ را در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪7.2 Steam Pipe Sizing‬‬ ‫‪ 2-7‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺨﺎر‬

‫‪Designer shall consider the following principle‬‬ ‫ﻃﺮاح ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﺻﻮل زﻳﺮ را ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎي ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫‪factors for determining pipe sizes for a given load‬‬ ‫ﮔﺮم ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ ﺑﺨﺎر را ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺎر ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ داده ﺷﺪه در ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﮕﻴﺮد‪:‬‬
‫‪in steam heating system:‬‬

‫‪a) The initial operating pressure and the‬‬ ‫اﻟﻒ ( ﻓﺸﺎر اوﻟﻴﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد و اﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر ﻣﺠﺎز در ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫‪allowable pressure drop through the system.‬‬

‫‪17‬‬
 Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
b) The total equivalent length of pipe in the
longest run.
c) The maximum velocity of steam.
Note:
For determining the pressure drop and flow rate in
steam pipe sizing reference is made to ASHRAE
2005 Fundamentals volume, chapter 33.
7.3 Gas Pipe Sizing
7.3.1 Piping for natural gas appliances shall be of
adequate size and installed so that it provides a
supply of gas sufficient to meet the maximum
demand without undue loss of pressure between
the point of supply and appliance. The size of gas
pipe required depends on:
a) Maximum gas consumption to be provided.
b) Length of pipe and number of fittings.
c) Allowable loss in pressure from the outlet of
the supply to the appliance.
d) Density (specific gravity) of the gas.
7.3.2 The pipe sizing for gas lines shall be based
on the latest publication and edition of the
N.I.G.C Standards.
7.3.3 The maximum pressure drop in gas piping
system at low pressure ranges (up to 1.5 kPa),
shall be 10% of the initial pressure. Pipe size can
be determined by knowing the pressure drop,
length of pipe and gas flow rate.
7.3.4 Gas consumption in m3/h is obtained by
dividing the kilocalorie input rate per hour at
which the appliance (boiler or furnace) will be
operated by the average Kilocalorie heating value
per cubic meter of gas.
7.4 Fuel Oil Pipe Sizing
7.4.1 Pipe size must be large enough to maintain
low pump suction head and, in the case of
circulating loop systems, to prevent over pressure
at the burner oil pump inlet. Tables in Attachment
5 give recommended pipe oil pump suction sizes
for handling No. 5 and No. 6 oils (residual grades)
and No. 1 and No. 2 oils (distillate grades).
7.4.2 Pipe materials must be compatible with fuel
used and carefully assembled to eliminate leaks.
18
IPS-E-AR-100(1)
‫ب( ﻃﻮل ﻣﻌﺎدل ﻟﻮﻟﻪ در ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ‬
‫ج( ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺨﺎر‬
: ‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
‫ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ اﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر و دﺑﻲ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن در ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺨﺎر‬
‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ‬33 ‫ ﺟﻠﺪ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺑﺨﺶ‬ASHRAE 2005 ‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ‬
.‫ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎي ﮔﺎز‬3-7
‫ در ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ ﮔﺎز ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ اﻧﺪازه ﻗﻄﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ‬1-3-7
‫ ﺑﻄﻮرﻳﻜﻪ‬.‫ﻣﺼﺎرف دﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﺧﺎﻧﮕﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﮔﺎز را ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز و ﺑﺪون اﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر ﺑﻴﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬
‫ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﮔﺎز ﺑﻪ‬.‫ورودي ﮔﺎز و دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﻣﺼﺮف ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺮﺳﺎﻧﺪ‬
:‫ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ زﻳﺮ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ دارد‬
.‫اﻟﻒ( ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺼﺮف ﮔﺎز‬
. ‫ب ( ﻃﻮل ﻟﻮﻟﻪ و ﺗﻌﺪاد اﺗﺼﺎﻻت‬
.‫ج ( اﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر ﻣﺠﺎز از ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺼﺮف ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
. ‫د( ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ )وزن ﻣﺨﺼﻮص( ﮔﺎز‬
‫ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﮔﺎز ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس آﺧﺮﻳﻦ وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ‬2-3-7
.‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻫﺎي ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻠﻲ ﮔﺎز اﻳﺮان ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ اﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر در ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ ﮔﺎز در ﻣﺤﺪوده ﻓﺸﺎر‬3-3-7
‫ درﺻﺪ ﻓﺸﺎر‬10 ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل( ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰان‬1,5 ‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ )ﺗﺎ‬
‫ ﻃﻮل ﻟﻮﻟﻪ و دﺑﻲ‬،‫ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ را ﺑﺎ داﺷﺘﻦ اﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر‬.‫اوﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫ﮔﺎز ﻣﻲﺗﻮان ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آورد‬
‫ ﻣﻘﺪار ﮔﺎز ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ در ﺳﺎﻋﺖ را‬4-3-7
‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮان ﺑﺎ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻛﺎﻟﺮي در ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ورودي ﮔﺎز ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ‬
‫دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﻣﺼﺮف ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺧﺎﻧﮕﻲ در ﺣﺎل ﻛﺎر )دﻳﮓ ﻳﺎ ﻛﻮره( ﺑﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ارزش ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﮔﺎز ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻛﺎﻟﺮي در ﻣﺘﺮﻣﻜﻌﺐ ﮔﺎز‬
.‫ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲآﻳﺪ‬
‫ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺳﻮﺧﺖ‬4-7
‫ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻘﺪر ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﺰرگ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﺪ در‬1-4-7
‫ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﻣﻜﺶ ﭘﻤﭗ را ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻧﮕﻬﺪارد ﺗﺎ از‬، ‫ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﺪار ﺑﺴﺘﻪ‬
.‫ﻓﺸﺎر ﺑﻴﺶ از ﺣﺪ ﺑﺮ ورودي ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﺸﻌﻞ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ﻛﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻜﺶ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺮاي‬5 ‫درﺟﺪاول ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ‬
‫ )ﻣﻮاد ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻲ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ( و ﺳﻮﺧﺖ‬6 ‫ و‬5 ‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﺷﻤﺎره‬
.‫ )ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻮﺧﺖﻫﺎي ﺳﺒﻚ( ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬2 ‫ و‬1 ‫ﺷﻤﺎره‬
‫ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎر ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و‬2-4-7
.‫ﺑﺎ دﻗﺖ اﺟﺮا ﮔﺮدد ﺗﺎ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﺻﻮرت ﻧﮕﻴﺮد‬
 Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
PART II
APPLIED EQUIPMENT
8. BOILER SELECTION
8.1 General
8.1.1 Designer shall evaluate boiler gross output,
which is equal to sum of total heat load of
building, heat loss through piping and tanks and
warming-up heat loss of boiler.
8.1.2 In average building heating systems, it is
common practice to consider 20% of the heat load
to the heat loss through pipes and hot water tank
and 10% of the heat load to heat loss through
radiation of boilers. Therefore a total of 30% shall
be added to the calculated total heat load which
shall be considered as net output of the selected
boiler.
8.2 Selection Parameter
8.2.1 Selection for all kind of boilers shall be
based on a component review of the following
parameters:
a) ASME or authoritative international
standards code section, under which the boiler
is constructed and tested.
b) Net boiler output capacity, in kW (Btu/h)
c) Total heat-transfer surface, m2 (ft2)
d) Water content, kg (lb).
e) Auxiliary power requirements, MJ (kwh).
f) Internal water-flow patterns.
g) Cleaning provisions for all heat-transfer
surfaces.
h) Operational efficiency.
i) Space requirements and piping arrangement.
j) Water treatment requirements.
8.2.2 For fuel fired boilers the following
additional component review shall be considered:
a) Combustion space (furnace volume), m3
(ft3)
19
IPS-E-AR-100(1)
II ‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬
‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺑﻜﺎر رﻓﺘﻪ‬
‫ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب دﻳﮓ‬-8
‫ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬1-8
‫ ﻃﺮاح ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻛﻞ دﻳﮓ را ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮي ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬1-1-8
‫ اﺗﻼف ﺣﺮارت از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬،‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﺑﺎر ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن‬
.‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ و ﻣﺨﺎزن آﺑﮕﺮم و ﺣﺮارت ﺗﻠﻒ ﺷﺪه دﻳﮓ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ درﺻﺪ‬20 ً‫ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ در ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ‬2-1-8
‫ درﺻﺪ ﺣﺮارت‬10 ‫ ﻣﺨﺎزن آب و‬،‫ﺑﺎر ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﺪه از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﺸﻌﺸﻊ دﻳﮕﻬﺎ از ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻲرود ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ در‬
‫ درﺻﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮآورد ﺑﺎر ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ دﻳﮓ اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻧﻤﻮد و‬30 ‫ﺟﻤﻊ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
.‫اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺟﺰء ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ دﻳﮓ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺷﻮد‬
‫ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب اﺟﺰاء‬2-8
‫ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻫﺮ ﻧﻮع دﻳﮓ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي اﺟﺰاء و ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ‬1-2-8
:‫ذﻳﻞ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ و ﻳﺎ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ‬ASME (‫اﻟﻒ‬
. ‫دﻳﮓ ﻃﺒﻖ آن ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ و آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ب( ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ دﻳﮓ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ وات )ﺑﻲ‬
(‫ﺗﻲ ﻳﻮ در ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬
(‫ج(ﻛﻞ ﺳﻄﺢ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺣﺮارت ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ )ﻓﻮت ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬
(‫ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﮔﺮم )ﭘﻮﻧﺪ‬،‫د( ﻣﻘﺪار آب‬
(‫ ﻣﮕﺎ ژول )ﻛﻴﻠﻮ وات در ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬،‫ﻫ( ﺗﻮان ﻛﻤﻜﻲ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز‬
‫و( اﻟﮕﻮي ﺟﺮﻳﺎن آب داﺧﻞ دﻳﮓ‬
‫ز( ﺗﻤﻬﻴﺪات ﺗﻤﻴﺰﻛﺎري ﺳﻄﻮح اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺣﺮارت‬
‫ح( راﻧﺪﻣﺎن ﻛﺎري‬
‫ط( ﻓﻀﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز و ﭼﻴﺪﻣﺎن ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ‬
‫ي( اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ آب‬
‫ اﺟﺰاء اﺿﺎﻓﻲ ذﻳﻞ‬،‫ ﺑﺮاي دﻳﮓ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﻧﻔﺘﻲ‬2-2-8
.‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
‫اﻟﻒ( ﻓﻀﺎي اﺣﺘﺮاق )ﺣﺠﻢ ﻛﻮره( ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺘﺮ‬
(ft3)،‫ﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬
 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ ‪Jul. 2009 / 1388‬‬
‫‪b) Internal flow patterns of combustion‬‬
‫‪products.‬‬
‫‪c) Combustion air and venting requirements.‬‬
‫‪8.2.3 For steam boilers the following additional‬‬
‫‪component review shall be considered:‬‬
‫)‪a) Steam space, m3 (ft3‬‬
‫)‪b) Steam disengaging area , m2 (ft2‬‬
‫‪9. BURNER SELECTION‬‬
‫‪9.1 Designer shall select burner suitable with the‬‬
‫‪boiler. Rate of fuel L/h, kg/h or m3/h (Gal/h) can‬‬
‫‪be calculated from the following equation:‬‬
‫)‪(Eq. 10‬‬
‫‪Where:‬‬
‫‪G = burner firing rate L/h, kg/h, m3/h, gal/h or lb/h‬‬
‫‪HB = boiler capacity, MJ/hr or Btu/h.‬‬
‫‪HO = heating value of fuel, MJ/kg, MJ/ m3 or MJ/l‬‬
‫‪(Btu/gal, Btu/lb).‬‬
‫‪Z = burner efficiency (0.6 - 0.85).‬‬
‫‪9.2 Heating calorific values for some typical fuels‬‬
‫‪are as follows:‬‬
‫‪Natural gas: Ho= 37.26 MJ/ m3 (1000 Btu/ ft3).‬‬
‫‪No. 2 oil: Ho = 41.8 MJ/kg (140,000 Btu/gal).‬‬
‫‪Nos. 4, 5 and 6 oil: Ho = 47.2 MJ/kg (150,000‬‬
‫‪Btu/gal).‬‬
‫‪9.3 The recommended ventilation requirement‬‬
‫‪suitable for burner combustion air should be based‬‬
‫‪on Attachment 6.‬‬
‫‪10. FUEL OIL STORAGE TANK‬‬
‫)‪10.1 Capacity of the fuel oil storage tank (F.O.T‬‬
‫‪can be evaluated by using the degree day method.‬‬
‫‪20‬‬
‫)‪IPS-E-AR-100(1‬‬
‫ب( اﻟﮕﻮي ﺟﺮﻳﺎن داﺧﻠﻲ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت اﺣﺘﺮاق‬
‫ج( ﻫﻮاي ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز اﺣﺘﺮاق و ﻣﻠﺰوﻣﺎت ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ آن‬
‫‪ 3-2-8‬ﺑﺮاي دﻳﮓﻫﺎي ﺑﺨﺎر اﺟﺰاء اﺿﺎﻓﻲ ذﻳﻞ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻧﻈﺮ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻒ( ﻓﻀﺎي ﺑﺨﺎر ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ )ﻓﻮت ﻣﻜﻌﺐ(‬
‫ب( ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺪون ﺗﻤﺎس ﺑﺎ ﺑﺨﺎر‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ )ﻓﻮت ﻣﺮﺑﻊ(‬
‫‪ -9‬اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﺸﻌﻞ‬
‫‪ 1-9‬ﻃﺮاح ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺸﻌﻠﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ دﻳﮓ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻧﺮخ‬
‫ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻟﻴﺘﺮ در ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬
‫ﻳﺎ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ )ﮔﺎﻟﻦ در ﺳﺎﻋﺖ( از ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ زﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬
‫ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬
‫‪HB‬‬
‫=‪G‬‬ ‫) ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ‪(10‬‬
‫‪Ho Z‬‬
‫ﻛﻪ‪:‬‬
‫‪ = G‬ﻣﻴﺰان اﺣﺘﺮاق ﻣﺸﻌﻞ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻟﻴﺘﺮ در ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‪ ،‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم در‬
‫ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ در ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﮔﺎﻟﻦ در ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‪ ،‬ﻳﺎ ﭘﻮﻧﺪ در ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬
‫‪ = HB‬ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ دﻳﮓ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﮕﺎ ژول ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ )ﺑﻲ ﺗﻲ ﻳﻮ ﺑﺮ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻋﺖ(‬
‫‪ = HO‬ارزش ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﮕﺎ ژول ﺑﺮ ﻟﻴﺘﺮ ﻳﺎ ﻣﮕﺎ‬
‫ژول ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ‪ ،‬ﻣﮕﺎ ژول ﺑﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم )ﺑﻲ ﺗﻲ ﻳﻮ ﺑﺮ‬
‫ﮔﺎﻟﻦ‪ ،‬ﺑﻲ ﺗﻲ ﻳﻮ ﺑﺮ ﭘﻮﻧﺪ(‬
‫‪ = Z‬راﻧﺪﻣﺎن ﻣﺸﻌﻞ‪(0.6 - 0.85) ،‬‬
‫‪ 2-9‬ارزش ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ از ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺮار ذﻳﻞ اﺳﺖ‪:‬‬
‫ﮔﺎز ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺑﺎ ارزش ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ‪ 37,26‬ﻣﮕﺎ ژول ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻜﻌﺐ )‪ 1000‬ﺑﻲ ﺗﻲ ﻳﻮ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ(‬
‫ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﻧﻔﺘﻲ ﺷﻤﺎره ‪ 2‬ﺑﺎ ارزش ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ‪ 41,8‬ﻣﮕﺎ‬
‫ژول ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ )‪ 140000‬ﺑﻲ ﺗﻲ ﻳﻮ ﺑﺮ ﮔﺎﻟﻦ(‬
‫ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﻧﻔﺘﻲ ﺷﻤﺎره ‪4‬و ‪ 5‬و ‪ 6‬ﺑﺎ ارزش ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ‪47,2‬‬
‫ﻣﮕﺎ ژول ﺑﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﮔﺮم )‪ 150000‬ﺑﻲ ﺗﻲ ﻳﻮ ﺑﺮ ﮔﺎﻟﻦ(‬
‫‪ 3-9‬اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ و ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ اﺣﺘﺮاق‬
‫ﻣﺸﻌﻞ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺟﺪول ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ﺷﻤﺎره ‪ 6‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -10‬ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ذﺧﻴﺮه ﺳﻮﺧﺖ‬
‫‪ 1-10‬ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ذﺧﻴﺮه ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ روش درﺟﻪ روز‬
‫ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدد‪ .‬درﺟﻪ – روزﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻲ از‬
 Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬ IPS-E-AR-100(1)

Degree-days for the building specified region is :‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻖ ذﻳﻞ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲ آﻳﺪ‬
obtained as follows:

Degree-days = (number of days during heating season) × (18.3°C- outside mean temperature °C)
‫ روز‬- ‫( × )ﺗﻌﺪاد روزﻫﺎ ﻫﻨﮕﺎم ﻓﺼﻞ ﮔﺮم ﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﻲ ( = درﺟﻪ‬18/3 °C - ‫) درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺧﺎرج ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬
10.2 The capacity of fuel oil tank for monthly fuel ‫ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺼﺮف ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺮاي‬2-10
consumption can be obtained directly from the :‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎي اداري ﺑﻄﻮر ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ از راﺑﻄﻪ ذﻳﻞ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲ آﻳﺪ‬
following:

F.O.T. Capacity/L = Burner gph × 4 l/gal × 10 hrs/day × 22 days/month

‫ ﻟﻴﺘﺮ ﺑﺮﮔﺎﻟﻦ × ﻣﺼﺮف ﻣﺸﻌﻞ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﮔﺎﻟﻦ در ﺳﺎﻋﺖ = ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻣﺨﺰن ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻟﻴﺘﺮ‬4 × ‫ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ در روز‬10 × ‫ روز در ﻣﺎه‬22
11. EXPANSION TANK ‫ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ اﻧﺒﺴﺎط‬-11
Expansion tank is the primary device in hot water ‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ اﻧﺒﺴﺎط ﻳﻜﻲ از ادوات اﺻﻠﻲ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﻓﺸﺎر در ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي‬
systems used to accomplish system pressure .‫آﺑﮕﺮم ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮔﻪ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺑﺎز ﻳﺎ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
control (when pressurizing equipment is not
applied). These systems are designated as open or
closed tank.

11.1 Open Expansion Tank ‫ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ اﻧﺒﺴﺎط ﺑﺎز‬1-11

This system is vented to the atmosphere and
limited to installations having operating
temperature less than 82°C (180°F). The tank
should be at least 1.2 m (4ft) above the highest
point of the system and be preferably connected to
the suction side of the pump. The minimum tank
volume should not be less than or equal to 6% of
the total system water volume.
‫اﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻮاي آزاد در ارﺗﺒﺎط اﺳﺖ در ﻣﺤﺪوده ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬
‫درﺟﻪ ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ( ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ‬180) ‫ درﺟﻪ ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ‬82
‫ اﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺤﺎً ﺑﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﻜﺶ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻣﻲﮔﺮدد و‬.‫دارد‬
‫ ﻓﻮت( در ﻓﺮاز ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺒﺪل و روي ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ‬4) ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬1/2 ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬
6 ‫ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از ﻳﺎ ﻣﺴﺎوي‬.‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬
.‫درﺻﺪ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻛﻞ آب ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

(Eq. 12A) Vt = ( Ew – Ep)×Vs ( ‫ اﻟﻒ‬12 ‫)ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ‬

Where: :‫ﻛﻪ‬
Vt = volume of expansion tank in gallons ‫ = ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ اﻧﺒﺴﺎط ﺑﻪ ﮔﺎﻟﻦ‬Vt

Vs = volume of water in system in gallons ‫ = ﺣﺠﻢ آب ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺎﻟﻦ‬Vs

Ew – Ep = unit expansion of the water minus the ‫ ﻣﻨﻬﺎي ﺣﺠﻢ اﻧﺒﺴﺎط‬،‫ = ﺣﺠﻢ اﻧﺒﺴﺎط آب درون ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬Ew – Ep
unit expansion of pipe radiation ‫ دﻳﮓ و ﻏﻴﺮه‬،‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬

11.2 Closed Expansion Tank ‫ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ اﻧﺒﺴﺎط ﺑﺴﺘﻪ‬2-11

The size of closed expansion tank is determined
by the following ASME formula. This formula
should be used when system water temperature
operates between 71°C (160°F) and 138°C
(280°F).
‫ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮح ذﻳﻞ‬ASME ‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ اﻧﺒﺴﺎط ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﺮﻣﻮل‬
‫ اﻳﻦ ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲ رود ﻛﻪ درﺟﻪ‬.‫ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدد‬
160) ‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬71 ‫ﺣﺮارت آب ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ در ﺣﺎل ﻛﺎر ﺑﻴﻦ‬
‫ درﺟﻪ‬280) ‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬138 ‫درﺟﻪ ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ( و‬
.‫ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ( ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

(Eq. 12B) (SI) Vt = (0.000738t - 0.03348) vS (‫ ب‬12 ‫)ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ‬

pa Pa

pf p0

21
 Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬ IPS-E-AR-100(1)

Where : :‫ﻛﻪ‬
Vt = minimum volume of the expansion tank, m3 ‫ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ )ﻓﻮت‬،‫ = ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ اﻧﺒﺴﺎط‬Vt
(ft3). (‫ﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬
Vs = system volume, m3 (ft3). (‫ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ )ﻓﻮت ﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬،‫ = ﺣﺠﻢ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ‬Vs

t = maximum average operating temperature, °C ‫ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ‬،‫ = ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت در ﺣﺎل ﻛﺎر‬t
(°F). (‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد )ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ‬

Pa = pressure in the expansion tank when the ً‫ = ﻓﺸﺎر ﻣﻨﺒﻊ اﻧﺒﺴﺎط در ﺷﺮوع ﭘﺮ ﻛﺮدن ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ )ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ‬Pa
water first enters, usually atmospheric
pressure. (‫ﻓﺸﺎر ﺟﻮ‬

Pf = initial fill or minimum pressure at tank. ‫ = ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻓﺸﺎر ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﭘﺮ ﻛﺮدن ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻓﺸﺎر‬Pf
‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‬
Po = maximum operating pressure at the ‫ = ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﺸﺎر ﻛﺎر ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ در ﻣﻨﺒﻊ اﻧﺒﺴﺎط‬Po
expansion tank.

A widely used formula recommended for water ‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬71 ‫ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ اﻏﻠﺐ ﺑﺮاي دﻣﺎي آب ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬
temperature below 71°C (160°F) is: .‫ درﺟﻪ ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ( ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮح زﻳﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬160)

E
(Eq. 12C) Vt = (‫ ج‬12 ‫)ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ‬
p Pa
a

p f
p 0

Where: :‫ﻛﻪ‬
E = net expansion of the water in the system when ‫ = ﻣﻘﺪار اﻧﺒﺴﺎط ﻳﺎ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ آب ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ وﻗﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ دﻣﺎي آب از‬E
heated from minimum to maximum .‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬
temperature.

Note: :‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
The required minimum pressure (Pf) and the ‫( و ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﺸﺎر در ﻣﻨﺒﻊ اﻧﺒﺴﺎط‬Pf) ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻓﺸﺎر ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز‬
maximum pressure in the expansion tank (Po) may ‫( ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ اﺳﺘﻘﺮار ﭘﻤﭗ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ‬Po)
be changed, depending on the effect of relative
pump and tank location. .‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ اﻧﺒﺴﺎط ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻛﻨﺪ‬

12. TERMINAL UNITS ‫ واﺣﺪﻫﺎي اﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ‬-12

12.1 Classification ‫ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي‬1-12

Terminal units are commonly classified as :‫واﺣﺪﻫﺎي اﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ذﻳﻞ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
follows:

1) Natural convection units, which include ،‫( واﺣﺪﻫﺎي ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ رادﻳﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎ‬1
radiators, cabinet convectors, baseboard and
finned-tube units. ‫ﻛﻨﻮﻛﺘﻮرﻫﺎ و ﻓﻴﻦ ﺗﻴﻮب ﻫﺎ‬

2) Forced convection units, include unit
heaters, unit ventilators, fan coil units,
induction units and air handling units and
heating coils in central station units. (Fan coils,
unit ventilators and central station units can be
،‫ ﺑﺎدزن‬،‫( واﺣﺪﻫﺎي ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ اﺟﺒﺎري ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻳﻮﻧﻴﺖ ﻫﻴﺘﺮ‬2
‫ واﺣﺪﻫﺎي اﻟﻘﺎﻳﻲ و دﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﻫﻮارﺳﺎن و‬،‫ﻓﻦ ﻛﻮﺋﻞ‬
‫ﻛﻮﺋﻞﻫﺎي ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ در دﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﻣﺮﻛﺰي )ﻓﻦ ﻛﻮﺋﻞﻫﺎ و‬
،‫ﺑﺎدزنﻫﺎ و دﺳﺘﮕﺎهﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﻛﺰي ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎت ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ‬

22
 Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
used for heating, ventilating and cooling).
3) Radiant panel system, which transfer heat
through a controlled surface (such as floor,
wall, ceiling).
Note:
For additional information on material
specification of various terminal units, reference
is made to IPS-M-AR-225.
12.2 Types
12.2.1 Radiators
Radiators are generally used with hot water or
steame to deliver heat to room space by
convection, the room heat load must be divided by
rating per section of the radiators with reference
to manufacturer’s catalog. After the required
number of sections is obtained, a comparison may
be performed between different models according
to economical consideration.
Radiator pipe sizing can be performed by
knowing the flow rate.
Radiators can be controlled manually by a globe
valve or automatically by means of a circuit
balancing valve. Radiators shall be placed at the
points of greatest heat loss of the space. For
example, such units are commonly located under
windows, along exposed walls, and at door
openings.
12.2.2 Radiant panels
The following steps shall be used in designing a
radiant panel heating system:
1) Calculation of room heat loss.
2) The room heat loss except the floor and
edge loss is used to determine the panel size.
Total heat loss is used in calculating the
amount of water which must be circulated.
3) The type and location of the heating coil
[
shall be floor or ceiling panels or a
combination of both may be used. Type of
coils may be grid or serpentine type.
4) Required space heat per unit area of floor or
ceiling shall be calculated. By knowing the
heat transfer coefficient of floor or ceiling and
reference to manufacturer’s catalogs the panel
23
IPS-E-AR-100(1)
.(‫ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻫﻮا و ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
‫( ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﺎﺑﺸﻲ ﻛﻪ ﮔﺮﻣﺎ را از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺳﻄﻮح ﺗﺤﺖ‬3
.‫ ﻛﻒ و ﻳﺎ دﻳﻮار ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‬،‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺳﻘﻒ‬
:‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
‫ﺑﺮاي اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ در ﻣﻮرد ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ واﺣﺪﻫﺎي‬
.‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬IPS-M-AR-225 ‫اﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
‫ اﻧﻮاع رادﻳﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎ‬2-12
‫ رادﻳﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎ‬1-2-12
‫رادﻳﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺑﺎ ﺳﻴﺎل ﮔﺮم ﻛﻨﻨﺪه آب ﻳﺎ ﺑﺨﺎر ﺑﺮاي‬
.‫ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻴﺮوﻧﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺘﺨﺎب رادﻳﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺗﺎﻟﻮگ ﺳﺎزﻧﺪﮔﺎن ﺑﺎر‬
‫ﮔﺮﻣﺎﺋﻲ ﻓﻀﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﺋﻲ ﻫﺮ ﭘﺮه از رادﻳﺎﺗﻮر ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ‬
‫ ﭘﺲ از ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪن ﺗﻌﺪاد ﭘﺮه ﻫﺎ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ از‬.‫ﻣﻲﮔﺮدد‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺪلﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺳﺎزﻧﺪﮔﺎن ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ‬
‫ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ رادﻳﺎﺗﻮر ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ دﺑﻲ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬.‫اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﻴﺮد‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮد رادﻳﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎي ﻫﺮ ﻣﺪار را ﻣﻲﺗﻮان ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺷﻴﺮ دﺳﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻒ ﻓﻠﺰي ﻳﺎ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺗﻌﺎدل ﻣﺪار اﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﻧﻤﻮد رادﻳﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻧﻘﺎﻃﻲ از ﻓﻀﺎي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ‬
،‫ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺜﺎل اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮع واﺣﺪﻫﺎ‬.‫اﺗﻼف ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ را داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً در زﻳﺮ ﭘﻨﺠﺮهﻫﺎ درﻃﻮل دﻳﻮار ﻛﻪ ﭘﺸﺖ آن ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎرج‬
‫ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد و در ﻣﺤﺪوده ورودي ﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﻗﺮار‬
.‫ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﺳﻄﻮح ﺗﺎﺑﺸﻲ‬2-2-12
:‫در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺳﻄﻮح ﺗﺎﺑﺸﻲ ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ذﻳﻞ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﭘﺬﻳﺮد‬
‫( ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ اﺗﻼف ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﻓﻀﺎ‬1
‫( اﺗﻼف ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﻓﻀﺎ ﺑﺠﺰ ﻛﻒ و ﭘﻴﺮاﻣﻮن ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ﺑﺮاي‬2
‫ اﺗﻼف ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﻛﻞ در‬.‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ اﻧﺪازه ﺳﻄﻮح ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲرود‬
.‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار آب در ﮔﺮدش اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
‫( ﻧﻮع و ﻣﺤﻞ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻛﻮﻳﻞ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ اﻳﻨﻜﻪ‬3
‫ﻧﻮع ﭘﻨﻞ در ﻛﻒ ﻳﺎ در ﺳﻘﻒ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ از اﻳﻦ دو ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﻛﻮﻳﻞ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ از ﻧﻮع ﻣﺸﺒﻚ ﻳﺎ‬.‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲﮔﺮدد‬
.‫ﻣﺎرﭘﻴﭻ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
‫( ﺑﺎر ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز در واﺣﺪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻛﻒ ﻳﺎ ﺳﻘﻒ ﻓﻀﺎ‬4
‫ ﺑﺎ داﺷﺘﻦ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺣﺮارت ﻛﻒ ﻳﺎ‬.‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﮔﺮدد‬
‫ﺳﻘﻒ و ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺗﺎﻟﻮگ ﺳﺎزﻧﺪﮔﺎن ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻛﻮﻳﻞ و‬
 Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
coil’s characteristic and water inlet/ outlet
temperature can be obtained.
5) Amount of water needed to carry the
heating load shall be calculated.
6) Distribution piping shall be sized.
12.2.3 Convectors
12.2.3.1 General
Convectors are available in variety of depths,
sizes, lengths and in enclosure or cabinet types.
The heating elements are available in fabricated
ferrous and nonferrous metals. These may be
freestanding, wall-hung or recessed type.
12.2.3.2 Characteristics
A typical convector shall posses the following
characteristics:
a) Heating element shall be in copper tube and
aluminum smooth fins fixed to the copper tube
expanding, and hydraulically tested at
minimum pressure of 10 kg/sq. cm.
b) Grill for internal air outlet shall be bent with
fins directing air stream and manual damper.
c) Steel sheet casing shall be stove enameled
and 1 to 1.2 mm min. thickness; front panel
completely trip removable for access to the
internal part, complete also with rear panel for
total enclosure of the equipment.
12.2.3.3 Location
The best location for convectors shall be under
windows. Two convectors placed under windows
are better than one large convector. Where
convectors cannot be located under windows, they
shall be placed against outside walls with coldest
exposure.
12.2.4 Unit heaters
12.2.4.1 classification
Unit heaters can be classified according to one or
more of the following methods:
1) The heating medium: The heating media
can be steam, hot water, gas indirect-fired,
infrared, oil indirect fired and electric.
2) Types of fan: can be either propeller,
centrifugal, or remote air mover. Propeller fan
24
IPS-E-AR-100(1)
.‫درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت آب ورودي و ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲآﻳﺪ‬
‫( ﻣﻘﺪار آب ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎر ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ را ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬5
.‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﮔﺮدد‬
.‫( ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻧﺪازه ﮔﺬاري ﺷﻮد‬6
‫ ﻛﻨﻮﻛﺘﻮرﻫﺎ‬3-2-12
‫ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬1-3-2-12
‫ ﻋﻤﻖ و ﻃﻮل ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻆ‬،‫ﻛﻨﻮﻛﺘﻮرﻫﺎ در ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ‬
‫ اﻟﻤﺎنﻫﺎي ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ آﻧﻬﺎ از ﺟﻨﺲ‬.‫ﻛﺎﺑﻴﻨﺘﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
‫ اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮع واﺣﺪﻫﺎ‬.‫ﻓﻠﺰات آﻫﻨﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻏﻴﺮ آﻫﻨﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ‬
.‫ دﻳﻮاري ﻳﺎ ﺗﻮﻛﺎر ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬،‫ﺑﺼﻮرت اﻳﺴﺘﺎده‬
‫ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت‬2-3-2-12
:‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻮﻛﺘﻮرﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮح ذﻳﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫اﻟﻒ( اﻟﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎي ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﻲ و ﭘﺮهﻫﺎي‬
‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ‬10 ‫آﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﻴﻮﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر‬
.‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻫﻴﺪروﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
‫ب( ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﻮاي ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ از ﻛﻨﻮﻛﺘﻮر ﺑﺎﻳﺪ داراي داﻣﭙﺮ‬
.‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ دﺳﺘﻲ و ﺗﻴﻐﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻫﺪاﻳﺖ ﻫﻮا ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
1 ‫ج( ﺑﺪﻧﻪ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ورق ﻓﻮﻻدي ﺑﻪ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬
‫ در‬.‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ و ﺑﺎ رﻧﮓ ﻛﻮره اي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬1,2 ‫ﺗﺎ‬
‫ﺿﻤﻦ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﺑﺎ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺟﻠﻮﻳﻲ آن ﺑﺮاي‬
.‫دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ اﺟﺰا داﺧﻠﻲ و ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ آﻧﻬﺎ اﻣﻜﺎن ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻧﺼﺐ‬3-3-2-12
‫ ﻧﺼﺐ دو‬.‫ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻛﻨﻮﻛﺘﻮرﻫﺎ زﻳﺮ ﭘﻨﺠﺮهﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫ﻛﻨﻮﻛﺘﻮر ﻛﻮﭼﻚ زﻳﺮ ﭘﻨﺠﺮه ﺑﻬﺘﺮ از ﻳﻚ ﻛﻨﻮﻛﺘﻮر ﺑﺰرگ اﺳﺖ‬
‫ﺟﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺘﻮان ﻛﻨﻮﻛﺘﻮرﻫﺎ را در زﻳﺮ ﭘﻨﺠﺮه ﻗﺮار داد ﺑﺎﻳﺪ آﻧﻬﺎ را‬
.‫ﻣﺠﺎور ﺳﺮدﺗﺮﻳﻦ دﻳﻮار ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻧﻤﻮد‬
‫ ﮔﺮم ﻛﻨﻨﺪهﻫﺎ‬4-2-12
‫ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي‬1-4-2-12
‫ﻳﻮﻧﻴﺖ ﻫﻴﺘﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻳﻜﻲ از روﺷﻬﺎي ذﻳﻞ‬
:‫ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
،‫ ﺗﺎﺑﺸﻲ‬،‫ آﺑﮕﺮم‬،‫ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ از ﻧﻮع ﺑﺨﺎر‬:‫( ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﮔﺮم ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬1
.‫ ﮔﺎز ﻳﺎ ﮔﺎزوﺋﻴﻞ ﺑﺎ اﺷﺘﻌﺎل ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬،‫ﺑﺮﻗﻲ‬
‫ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ از ﻧﻮع ﭘﺮواﻧﻪاي ﮔﺮﻳﺰ از ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻳﺎ‬:‫( ﺑﺎدزنﻫﺎ‬2
‫ ﺑﺎدزنﻫﺎي ﭘﺮواﻧﻪاي در اﻧﻮاع ﺟﺮﻳﺎن اﻓﻘﻲ‬.‫ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
 Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
units may be horizontal-blow or down blow.
Centrifugal fan units may be of the smaller
cabinet type or larger industrial type. Units
with remote air movers are known as duct air
unit heaters.
3) Arrangement of elements: considered
either as the draw-through, in which the fan
draws air through, or the blow through, in
which the fan blows air through heating
element.
12.2.4.2 Application
Unit heaters have relatively large heating
capacities in compact casings, the ability to
project heated air in a controlled manner over a
considerable distance, with a relatively low
installed cost. They are used to heat garages,
factories, warehouses, show rooms, stores, and
laboratories. Unit heaters are also used for spot or
intermittent heating, such as blanketing outside
doors; also used where filtration of heated air is
required.
12.2.4.3 Ratings of unit heaters
It is common to rate unit heaters on the amount of
heat delivered by the air above an entering air
temperature of 16°C (60°F), rated as follows:
a) The steam unit heaters are based upon dry
saturated steam at 13.8 kPa (2 psig) pressure at
the heater coil, air at 16°C (60°F) and
barometric pressure entering heater, and the
heater operating free of external resistance to
airflow. The capacity of a heater increases by
the steam pressure and decreases by increasing
inlet air temperature.
b) Rating of hot water unit heaters is usually
based on water at 93°C (200°F), water
temperature drop of 11°C (20°F) entering air at
16°C (60°F) and barometric pressure.
12.2.4.4 Type of unit heaters
a) Propeller fan units shall be selected in free-
delivery applications where the heating
capacity and distribution requirements can best
be met by units of moderate output, used
singly or in multiples, and where filtration of
the heated air is not required.
25
IPS-E-AR-100(1)
‫)روﺑﺮوزن( ﻳﺎ ﻋﻤﻮدي )ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ زن( ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺑﺎدزن ﮔﺮﻳﺰ از ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬
‫ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ از ﻧﻮع ﻛﺎﺑﻴﻨﺘﻲ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ و ﻳﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ‬
‫ ﺑﺎدزنﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﺮك ﻣﺠﺰا ﺑﻨﺎم واﺣﺪﻫﺎي ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻟﻲ‬.‫ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎدﺑﺰن‬:‫( ﺷﻴﻮه اﺳﺘﻘﺮار اﺟﺰاء‬3
.‫ﻗﺒﻞ )دﻣﺶ( و ﻳﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ )ﻣﻜﺶ( از ﻛﻮﻳﻞ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﺋﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬
‫ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮي‬2-4-2-12
‫ﻳﻮﻧﻴﺖ ﻫﻴﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎً ﺑﺎﻻ ﻛﻪ در ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﻗﺮار‬
ً‫ داراي ﻗﺪرت ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺑﺎ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎ‬،‫ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‬
،‫ اﻳﻦ ﻳﻮﻧﻴﺖ ﻫﻴﺘﺮﻫﺎ ﺟﻬﺖ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﮔﺎراژﻫﺎ‬.‫ﻛﻢ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﻓﺮوﺷﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎ و آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎ‬،‫ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎ‬،‫ اﻧﺒﺎرﻫﺎ‬،‫ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﺠﺎت‬
‫ ﻳﻮﻧﻴﺖ ﻫﻴﺘﺮﻫﺎ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺮاي ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻲ و‬.‫ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻴﺮوﻧﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻘﻄﻌﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﭘﺮده ﻫﻮا و ﺟﺎﺋﻴﻜﻪ ﻫﻮاي ﮔﺮم ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه ﻣﻮرد‬
.‫ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻴﺮود‬
‫ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﻳﻮﻧﻴﺖ ﻫﻴﺘﺮﻫﺎ‬3-4-2-12
‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ دﻣﺎي ورودي ﻫﻮا ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰان‬
‫ درﺟﻪ ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ( ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮح ذﻳﻞ ﺑﻴﺎن‬60) ‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬16
:‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫اﻟﻒ( ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻳﻮﻧﻴﺖ ﻫﻴﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﺑﺨﺎر ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻓﺸﺎر ﺑﺨﺎرﺧﺸﻚ‬
‫ ﭘﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺮ اﻳﻨﭻ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ( و‬2) ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل‬13/8 ‫اﺷﺒﺎع ورودي‬
‫ درﺟﻪ ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ( در‬60) ‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬16 ‫ﻫﻮاي ورودي‬
‫ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﺑﺎ‬. ‫ﻓﺸﺎر ﺟﻮ و ﺑﺎ وزش آزاد ﻫﻮا ﺑﻴﺎن ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
‫اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻓﺸﺎر ﺑﺨﺎر ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ و اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ دﻣﺎي ﻫﻮاي ورودي ﻛﻤﺘﺮ‬
.‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ب( ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻳﻮﻧﻴﺖ ﻫﻴﺘﺮﻫﺎي آب ﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس دﻣﺎي آب‬
‫ اﻓﺖ دﻣﺎي‬،(‫ درﺟﻪ ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ‬200) ‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬93 ‫ورودي‬
16‫ و ﻫﻮاي ورودي‬،(‫ درﺟﻪ ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ‬20) ‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬11
‫ در ﻓﺸﺎر ﺟﻮ ﺑﻴﺎن‬،(‫ درﺟﻪ ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ‬60) ‫درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬
.‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮد‬
‫ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻧﻮع ﻳﻮﻧﻴﺖ ﻫﻴﺘﺮﻫﺎ‬4-4-2-12
‫اﻟﻒ( ﻳﻮﻧﻴﺖ ﻫﻴﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎدزن ﭘﺮواﻧﻪاي در ﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ واﺣﺪ‬
‫ وزش آزاد ﻫﻮا و ﺑﺪون‬،‫ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎرﺑﺮي ﺑﺎ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬
.‫ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﻪ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﻫﻮا اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
 Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
b) Designer shall select horizontal-blow units
in association with low to moderate ceiling
heights. Downblow units shall be selected in
high-ceiling spaces and where floor and wall
space limitations dictate on remote location for
the heating equipment. The downblow units
shall be selected with either adjustable or
revolving diffusers.
c) Industrial centrifugal fan units shall be
selected where heating capacities and space
volumes are large or where filtration of the
heated air or operation against static resistance
is required. Downblow or horizontal-blow
units can be selected depending on the
requirements.
d) Cabinet unit heaters shall be selected for
free delivery or low pressure duct applications,
may be equipped with filters.
12.2.4.5 Selection of unit heaters
Factors to be considered in the selection of unit
heater shall include.
a) The heating media to be employed.
b) The type of unit.
c) The location of unit for proper heat
distribution.
d) The permissible sound level.
e) The need for filteration.
f) The heating capacity.
13. BREECHING AND CHIMNEY
13.1 Factors to be considered when selecting
chimney materials include: (1) The temperature of
gases; (2) Their composition and propersity to
condense (dew point); (3) The presence of sulfur,
halogens, and other fuels and air contaminants
that lead to corrosion; and (4) The operating cycle
of the appliance.
13.2 The chimney system design should balance
the flow of hot gases against friction losses. For a
specified boiler heat load and chimney height, the
cross section of circular or rectangular chimney
can be estimated by the following empirical
relation:
26
IPS-E-AR-100(1)
‫ب( ﻳﻮﻧﻴﺖ ﻫﻴﺘﺮﻫﺎي اﻓﻘﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﻛﻢ و ﻳﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ و ﻳﻮﻧﻴﺖ ﻫﻴﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﻮدي ﺑﺮاي ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ ارﺗﻔﺎع زﻳﺎد‬
‫و ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺖ اﻣﻜﺎن ﻧﺼﺐ روي ﻛﻒ ﻳﺎ دﻳﻮار و ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ‬
.‫درﻳﭽﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﻫﻮاي ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻳﺎ ﮔﺮدان اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ج( ﻳﻮﻧﻴﺖ ﻫﻴﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎدزن ﮔﺮﻳﺰ از ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎي‬
‫وﺳﻴﻊ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎر ﮔﺮﻣﺎﺋﻲ زﻳﺎد و ﻳﺎ ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﻫﻮا و ﻳﺎ ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ‬
‫ در اﻧﻮاع اﻓﻘﻲ و ﻋﻤﻮدي‬،‫ﻫﻮا ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﻓﺸﺎر اﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ‬
.‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫د( ﻳﻮﻧﻴﺖ ﻫﻴﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﻛﺎﺑﻴﻨﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ اﻣﻜﺎن ﻧﺼﺐ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﻫﻮا ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي‬
‫ﻛﺎرﺑﺮيﻫﺎي ﮔﺮﻣﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺎ وزش آزاد ﻫﻮا و ﻳﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻟﻬﺎي ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﻫﻮا ﺑﺎ‬
.‫ﻓﺸﺎر ﻛﻢ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ در اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻧﻮع ﻳﻮﻧﻴﺖ ﻫﻴﺘﺮﻫﺎ‬5-4-2-12
‫ﻋﻮاﻣﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺘﺨﺎب واﺣﺪﻫﺎي ﮔﺮم ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻧﻈﺮ‬
: ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻒ( ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻜﺎر ﺑﺮد‬
‫ب( ﻧﻮع دﺳﺘﮕﺎه‬
‫ج( ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ اﺳﺘﻘﺮار ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﮔﺮﻣﺎ‬
‫د( ﺳﻄﺢ ﺳﺮ و ﺻﺪاي ﻣﺠﺎز‬
‫ﻫ ( ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﻪ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﻫﻮا‬
‫و( ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﺋﻲ‬
‫ دودﻛﺶ و ﻟﻮﻟﻪ راﺑﻂ آن‬-13
‫ ﻋﻮاﻣﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ در اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ دودﻛﺶ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻧﻈﺮ‬1-13
‫( ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت ﮔﺎزﻫﺎي‬2 ‫( دﻣﺎي ﮔﺎزﻫﺎي اﺣﺘﺮاق؛‬1 :‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
‫( وﺟﻮد اﻧﻮاع‬3 ‫اﺣﺘﺮاق و دﻣﺎي ﺗﻘﻄﻴﺮ آﻧﻬﺎ )ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺷﺒﻨﻢ(؛‬
‫ ﺳﻮﺧﺖﻫﺎي ﺧﺎم‬،‫ ﻫﺎﻟﻮژنﻫﺎ‬،‫ ﮔﻮﮔﺮد‬:‫آﻻﻳﻨﺪهﻫﺎي ﻫﻮا از ﻗﺒﻴﻞ‬
‫( ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ‬4 ‫ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪه و ﻣﻮاردي ﻛﻪ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺧﻮرﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ؛ و‬
‫زﻣﺎن ﻛﺎرﻛﺮد دﺳﺘﮕﺎه‬
‫ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ دودﻛﺶ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس اﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر ﺣﺎﺻﻞ‬2-13
‫ ﺑﺮاي ﻳﻚ دﻳﮓ ﺑﺎ‬.‫از ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﮔﺎزﻫﺎي اﺣﺘﺮاق ﺻﻮرت ﮔﻴﺮد‬
‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﺋﻲ و ارﺗﻔﺎع دودﻛﺶ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ‬
‫ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ دودﻛﺶ از راﺑﻄﻪ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ‬،‫داﻳﺮهاي ﻳﺎ ﭼﻬﺎرﮔﻮش‬
:‫ذﻳﻞ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
 Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬ IPS-E-AR-100(1)

Q  1000
(Eq. 13) A= (13 ‫)ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ‬
H (25  24 Q )

Where: : ‫ﻛﻪ‬
A= chimney cross section, cm2. ‫ = ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ دودﻛﺶ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬A

Q = boiler heat load, kcal/hr. ‫ = ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ دﻳﮓ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﻛﺎﻟﺮي در ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬Q

H = chimney height, m. ‫ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺘﺮ‬،‫ = ارﺗﻔﺎع دودﻛﺶ‬H

13.3 Breeching and chimney (stack) must be sized
so that the pressure at the boiler outlet shall be as
close to zero as possible. Deviations are not
recommended to exceed ±0.5” of water.
14. HEAT EXCHANGER (CONVERTERS)
‫( ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻃﻮري اﻧﺪازه‬Stack) ‫ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ راﺑﻂ دود و دودﻛﺶ‬3-13
‫ﮔﺬاري ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﻓﺸﺎر دود در ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ دﻳﮓ ﺗﺎ ﺟﺎﻳﻴﻜﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫ اﻳﻨﭻ آب ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ‬0/5 ‫ اﻧﺤﺮاف ﺑﻴﺶ از‬.‫اﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻧﺰدﻳﻚ ﺷﻮد‬
.‫ﻧﻤﻲﮔﺮدد‬
‫ ﻣﺒﺪل ﻫﺎي ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬-14

14.1 Classification ‫ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي‬1-14

Heat exchanger or converters can be classified ‫ﻣﺒﺪلﻫﺎي ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ را ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ اﻧﻮاع ﻛﻠﻲ ذﻳﻞ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي‬
into the following general types:
:.‫ﻧﻤﻮد‬
a) Steam to water. ‫اﻟﻒ( ﺑﺨﺎر ﺑﻪ آب‬

b) Water to water. ‫ب( آب ﺑﻪ آب‬

c) Water to steam (calorifier). ‫ج( آب ﺑﻪ ﺑﺨﺎر‬

14.2 Application ‫ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد‬2-14

Water to water or steam to water heat exchangers
(generally shell and tube units) are horizontal or
vertical type used in hot water systems to produce
low temperature water for certain zones or in
process water or domestic water services.
Note:
For design requirements of steam to water and
water to steam refer to ASHRAE applications
handbook. Reference is also made to
IPS-G-ME-220.
‫ﻣﺒﺪل ﻫﺎي ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ آب ﺑﻪ آب و ﺑﺨﺎر ﺑﻪ آب ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ از ﻧﻮع‬
‫ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ و ﻟﻮﻟﻪ و ﺑﺼﻮرت اﻓﻘﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻋﻤﻮدي در ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎت آﺑﮕﺮم و‬
‫ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ آﺑﮕﺮم ﺑﺎ دﻣﺎي ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺼﺎرف ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬
‫در واﺣﺪﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻳﺎ آب ﺳﺮوﻳﺲ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﻲ ﺑﻜﺎر‬
.‫ﻣﻴﺮود‬
:‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
‫ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻣﺒﺪل ﻫﺎي ﺑﺨﺎر ﺑﻪ آب و آب ﺑﻪ ﺑﺨﺎر ﺑﻪ‬
‫ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ‬ASHRAE APPLICATION ‫ﻛﺘﺎب ﻣﺮﺟﻊ‬
.‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬IPS-G-ME-220 ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬

14.3 Water to Water Heat Exchanger ‫ ﻣﺒﺪل ﻫﺎي ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ آب ﺑﻪ آب‬3-14

14.3.1 Designer shall consider the following: :‫ ﻃﺮاح ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺮاﺗﺐ ذﻳﻞ را در ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﮕﻴﺮد‬1-3-14

a) Computing the load requirements. ‫اﻟﻒ( ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺑﺎر ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز‬

b) Establishing the flow rate of water through ‫ب( ﺑﺮآورد دﺑﻲ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن آب در ﻣﺒﺪل ﻫﺎي ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ از‬
the heat exchanger from the following :‫ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ذﻳﻞ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
formula:

27
 Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬ IPS-E-AR-100(1)

M3/H = kw/ (1.163 × Δt) (usually 17°C)

OR

GPM = Btu/hr/ (8.33 × 60 × Δt) (usually 30°F)

c) The entering heating water shall be kept at
least 11°C (20°F) in temperature less than the
desired leaving water temperature of the water
to be heated.
‫ج( اﺧﺘﻼف دﻣﺎي آب ﮔﺮم ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ورودي و ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ ﻣﺒﺪل‬
‫ درﺟﻪ‬20) ‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬11 ‫ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬
.‫ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ( ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

14.3.2 The manufacturer’s catalog for the water ‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آوردن اﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر آب در ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺒﺪل‬2-3-14
pressure drop through the tubes of the converter .‫ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺗﺎﻟﻮگ ﺳﺎزﻧﺪﮔﺎن ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
shall be consulted.

14.3.3 The velocity of the water through the tubes
shall be minimum of 0.305 m/sec (1ft/sec) and a
maximum of 1.5 m/sec (5ft/sec).
14.3.4 The converter tubes shall be selected on the
basis of maximum fouling factor for closed
systems and for domestic heating systems.
14.3.5 Design requirements
‫ ﻣﺘﺮ در‬0/305 ‫ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ آب در ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬3-3-14
‫ ﻓﻮت‬5) ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ در ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ‬1/5 ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ )ﻳﻚ ﻓﻮت در ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ( و ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ‬
.‫در ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ( ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺒﺪل ﻫﺎي ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس‬4-3-14
‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ رﺳﻮب ﮔﻴﺮي در ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎت ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ و‬
‫آﺑﮕﺮم ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﻴﺮد‬
‫ ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪﻳﻬﺎي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬5-3-14

14.3.5.1 The heating coil shall be specified to heat
the required flow of the domestic hot water
recovery. The domestic water shall be heated
from 4.4°C to 60°C (40°F to 140°F).
14.3.5.2 The heat required shall be:
‫ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻛﻮﻳﻞ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اي ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬1-5-3-14
‫ دﻣﺎي آب ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﻲ‬.‫ﻛﻪ آب ﮔﺮم ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ را ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﺪ‬
‫ درﺟﻪ‬40) ‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬60 ‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد ﺑﻪ‬4/4 ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از‬
.‫ درﺟﻪ ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ( ﮔﺮم ﺷﻮد‬140 ‫ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﺗﺎ‬
:‫ ﺣﺮارت ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺸﺮح زﻳﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬2-5-3-14

M3/H (recovery) × 1.163 × Δt (usually 55°C)

OR

GPM (recovery) × 8.33 × 60 × Δt (usually 100°F)

14.3.5.3 The heating water shall preferably enter
at 93°C (200°F) and leave at 76.6°C (170°F).
14.3.5.4 Converters shall be constructed of black
carbon steel sheets for a working pressure of 1102
kPa (160 psi) in the shell, and 1102 kPa (160 psi)
in the tubes.
15. CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
‫ درﺟﻪ‬93 ‫ آب ﮔﺮم ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺤﺎً در‬3-5-3-14
(170°F)‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬76/6 ‫( وارد و در‬200°F) ‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬
.‫ﺧﺎرج ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻣﺒﺪل ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ورق ﻓﻮﻻد ﻛﺮﺑﻦ دار‬4-5-3-14
‫ﭘﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺮ اﻳﻨﭻ‬160) ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل‬1102 ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺸﺎر ﻛﺎري‬
‫ﭘﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺮ اﻳﻨﭻ‬160) ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل‬1102 ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻊ( و ﺑﺎ ﻓﺸﺎر ﻛﺎري‬
. ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻊ( ﺑﺮاي ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﭘﻤﭗ ﮔﺮﻳﺰ از ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬-15

15.1 Applications ‫ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد‬1-15

Major application for pumps in the central heating ‫ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﻋﻤﺪه ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎي ﮔﺮﻳﺰ از ﻣﺮﻛﺰ در ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺰي‬
system are: :‫ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮح ذﻳﻞ اﺳﺖ‬
- Heating water circulation pumps. ‫ ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎي ﮔﺮدﺷﻲ آب ﮔﺮم ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬-

28
 Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
- In line circulator for the services (plumbing
fixtures).
- Condensate pumps.
- Boiler feed pumps.
- Fuel oil pumps.
- Water pumps for terminal units.
Note:
Where the pumps are to handle hot liquids or have
light inlet pressure drops, care shall be taken to
see that the required Net Positive Suction Head
(NPSH) does not exceed the NPSH available on
the pump.
15.2 Circulating Pump
For these pumps, the flow rate in m3/h (gpm) shall
be computed (refer to Clause 7.1). Friction loss in
all piping and elements in heating system shall be
defined as a friction head. By refering to
manufacturer’s performance (head versus flow
rate) curve, the appropriate pump can be selected.
Motor size shall be based on 20% increase in
calculated pump power.
Note:
For additional information on material
specification of pumps, reference is made to IPS-
M-PM-115 and IPS-M-AR-225.
16. WATER TREATMENT
16.1 General Consideration
Designer shall consider the following factors:
a) The potential hazards associated with any
particular water treatment chemical program
shall be handled by qualified and experienced
personnel.
b) Suitable safety rules shall be formulated.
c) Appropriate safety equipment shall be
supplied.
d) The safety program shall be enforced at all
times to avoid injury or equipment damage.
29
IPS-E-AR-100(1)
‫ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎي ﺧﻄﻲ ﮔﺮدﺷﻲ آب ﮔﺮم ﺳﺮوﻳﺲ ﻫﺎ‬-
‫ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎي آب ﺗﻘﻄﻴﺮ‬-
‫ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ آب دﻳﮓ‬-
‫ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎي ﺳﻮﺧﺖ‬-
‫ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎي آب ﺑﺮاي واﺣﺪﻫﺎي اﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ‬-
:‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
‫وﻗﺘﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎت ﮔﺮم را ﺑﻪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﻲاﻧﺪازﻧﺪ ﻳﺎ داراي اﻓﺖ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎر ﻛﻢ در ورودي آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻮاﻇﺐ ﺑﻮد ﻛﻪ ﻓﺸﺎر‬
‫ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﭘﻤﭗ‬NPSH ‫( ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ از‬NPSH) ‫ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﻣﻜﺶ‬
.‫ﻧﺸﻮد‬
‫ ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎي ﮔﺮدﺷﻲ‬2-15
‫ دﺑﻲ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ در ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬،‫ﺑﺮاي اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮع ﭘﻤﭗ‬
(‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬1-7 ‫)ﮔﺎﻟﻦ در دﻗﻴﻘﻪ( ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﮔﺮدد )ﺑﻪ ﺑﻨﺪ‬
‫ اﺗﻼف ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از اﺻﻄﻜﺎك در ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ و‬،‫در ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﮔﺮم ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
‫ ﺑﺎ‬.‫اﺗﺼﺎﻻت آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ارﺗﻔﺎع آﺑﺪﻫﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻗﻠﻤﺪاد ﮔﺮدد‬
‫ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﭘﻤﭗ در ﺑﺮوﺷﻮر ﺳﺎزﻧﺪه )ارﺗﻔﺎع در‬
‫ اﻧﺪازه ﻣﻮﺗﻮر‬.‫ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ را ﻣﻲﺗﻮان اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻛﺮد‬،(‫ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ دﺑﻲ‬
‫ درﺻﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰان ﻗﺪرت ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬20 ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻧﻤﻮدن‬
.‫ﺷﺪه ﭘﻤﭗ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﮔﺮدد‬
: ‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
‫ﺑﺮاي اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ در ﻣﻮرد ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻓﻨﻲ ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ‬IPS-M-AR-225 ‫ و‬IPS-M-PM-115 ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
.‫ﮔﺮدد‬
‫ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ آب‬-16
‫ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬1-16
:‫ﻃﺮاح ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ذﻳﻞ را در ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﮕﻴﺮد‬
‫اﻟﻒ( ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮوز ﺧﻄﺮات ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮه ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ‬
‫ ﻣﺮاﺗﺐ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ اﻓﺮاد ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺺ و ﻣﺠﺮب‬،‫ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ آب‬
.‫ﺻﻮرت ﭘﺬﻳﺮد‬
.‫ب( ﻣﻘﺮرات اﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺷﻮد‬
.‫ج( ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات اﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻬﻴﺎ ﮔﺮدد‬
‫د( ﺑﺮاي اﺟﺘﻨﺎب از ﻣﺼﺪوﻣﻴﺖ اﻓﺮاد ﻳﺎ ﺧﺴﺎرت وارده ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات در ﻫﻤﻪ ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ اﻳﻤﻨﻲ را ﻻزم اﻻﺟﺮا‬
.‫ﻧﻤﻮد‬
 Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
e) Contamination of drinking water by non-
potable or untreated waters shall be prevented
by eliminating cross-connections between
systems, through provisions of necessary
backflow preventers.
f) Disposal of water treated with some
chemicals into municipal sewers or into
streams or lakes can be restricted.
g) Pollution control regulations shall be
consulted when selecting water treatment.
16.2 Corrosion Control
16.2.1 Corrosion damage to water systems can be
minimized by using corrosion resistant
construction materials, providing protective
coatings to separate the water from the metal
surfaces of the equipment, removing oxygen from
the water or altering the water composition by
adding corrosion inhibitors and pH control
chemicals.
16.2.2 The minimum concentration required can
be from 200 (as sodium chromate) to 2000 mg/l
(ppm).
Note:
Heating systems do not generally suffer from the
effects of biological growths, because their
operating temperatures are sufficient to kill the
organisms involved.
16.3 Selection of Water Treatment
Designer shall consider the following factors for
selection of water treatment:
a) The chemical analysis of water.
b) Economic parameter.
c) Other non-chemical influences such as the
design of individual major system components,
equipment operation and human factors (the
quantity and quality of operating personnel
available).
Note:
For additional information on water treatment,
reference is made to ASHRAE 2007 Application
volume, chapter 43.
30
IPS-E-AR-100(1)
‫ﻫ( از آﻟﻮده ﺷﺪن آب آﺷﺎﻣﻴﺪﻧﻲ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ آﺑﻬﺎي ﻏﻴﺮ ﺷﺮب و‬
‫ﻳﺎ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﻧﺸﺪه ﺑﺎ ﺣﺬف اﻧﺸﻌﺎﺑﺎت ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ و‬
‫ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺑﺮاي ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي از ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ آب ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ‬
.‫دﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ اﻗﺪام ﮔﺮدد‬
‫و(از رﻫﺎ ﻛﺮدن آب ﻫﺎي ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮاد‬
‫ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ و رﻳﺨﺘﻦ آن در ﻓﺎﺿﻼب ﺷﻬﺮي ﻳﺎ در آﺑﻬﺎي‬
.‫ﺟﺎري و ﻳﺎ درﻳﺎﭼﻪ ﻫﺎ اﺟﺘﻨﺎب ﮔﺮدد‬
‫ز( ﻣﻘﺮرات ﻛﻨﺘﺮل آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ آب ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎم اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬
.‫دﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ رﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ‬2-16
‫ ﺧﺴﺎرت ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ در ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎت آﺑﻲ را ﺑﺎ‬1-2-16
‫ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮي ﻛﻪ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ دارﻧﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان‬
‫ ﺑﺮاي اﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ آب را از‬.‫ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ رﺳﺎﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺬف اﻛﺴﻴﮋن از آب ﻳﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬،‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﻓﻠﺰ ﺟﺪا ﺳﺎزﻧﺪ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ آب ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻧﻤﻮدن ﺑﺎزدارﻧﺪه ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ و ﻣﻮاد‬
.‫ اﻗﺪام ﻧﻤﻮد‬PH ‫ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﮔﺮم در ﻟﻴﺘﺮ‬200 ‫ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز از‬2-2-16
‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﮔﺮم در ﻟﻴﺘﺮ )ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬2000 ‫)ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻛﺮﻣﺎت ﺳﺪﻳﻢ( ﺗﺎ‬
.‫ﺑﺮ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮن( ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
:‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
‫ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎً از اﺛﺮات رﺷﺪ ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻲ ﺧﺴﺎرت‬
‫ﻧﻤﻲﺑﻴﻨﻨﺪ زﻳﺮا دﻣﺎي ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻛﺎر ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺸﺘﻦ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ‬
.‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب دﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ آب‬3-16
‫ﻃﺮاح ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ذﻳﻞ را ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺘﺨﺎب دﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ آب‬
:‫در ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﮕﻴﺮد‬
‫اﻟﻒ(آﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ آب‬
‫ب( ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي‬
‫ج( ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻗﻄﻌﺎت‬
‫ ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮداري از دﺳﺘﮕﺎه و‬،‫اﺻﻠﻲ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻣﺠﺰا‬
‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻧﻴﺮوي اﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ در راﻫﺒﺮي دﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﻌﺪاد‬
. ‫و ﻛﺎرآﻣﺪ ﺑﻮدن آﻧﻬﺎ‬
: ‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
‫ﺑﺮاي اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ در راﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ آب ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﺮﺟﻊ‬
.‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬43 ‫ ﺟﻠﺪ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﻓﺼﻞ‬ASHRAE 2007
 Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬ IPS-E-AR-100(1)

PART III III ‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬

ATTACHMENTS ‫ﻣﺪارك ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ﻫﺎ‬

(The Attachments are for information purposes ‫)ﻣﺪارك ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ و ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ‬
and do not form a part of this Standard) (‫از اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻧﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

ATTACHMENT 1 1 ‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ‬

OUTDOOR DESIGN WINTER ‫دﻣﺎي ﻓﻀﺎي ﺧﺎرج از ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن در زﻣﺴﺘﺎن ﺟﻬﺖ‬

TEMPERATURES
‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬

CITY NAME * MINIMUM TEMP .....°C (°F) AVERAGE WIND VELOCITY

m/s
‫ﻧﺎم ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺎد‬
© (F)
‫ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ‬

AGHAJARI ‫آﻏﺎﺟﺎري‬ 4.4 40 4.5

AHWAZ ‫اﻫﻮاز‬ 1.3 34.3 2.1

GACHSARAN ‫ﮔﭽﺴﺎران‬ - 1.1 30 4.5

KHARG ISLAND ‫ﺧﺎرك‬ 11 52 3.0

MASJED-E-SOLEIMAN 1.7 35 4.8

‫ﻣﺴﺠﺪ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن‬

TEHRAN ‫ﺗﻬﺮان‬ -12 10.4 6

* For Complete Out Door Design Winter Temperatures for another cities, please refer to
WWW.Weather.ir
‫ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬WWW.Weather.ir ‫ﺑﺮاي دﻣﺎي ﺧﺎرج از ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ در زﻣﺴﺘﺎن ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻳﺖ‬

31
 -Recommended Inside Design Conditions* -Summer And Winter ‫ ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن و زﻣﺴﺘﺎن‬- ‫ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاي داﺧﻞ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﺟﻬﺖ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬

SUMMER ‫ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن‬ WINTER ‫زﻣﺴﺘﺎن‬

Without
Commercial Practice ‫ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد‬ With Humidification ‫ﺑﺎ رﻃﻮﺑﺖ‬ Humidification
TYPE OF APPLICATION Deluxe ‫دوﻟﻮﻛﺲ‬
‫ﺗﺠﺎري‬ ‫زﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺪون رﻃﻮﺑﺖ زﻧﻲ‬
‫ﻧﻮع ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد‬
Rel Hum Temp Swing Rel Hum Temp
Dry- Bulb Dry- Bulb Temp Swing
(%) R.H (%) Dry- Bulb (F) (%) Swing ‡
(F) (F) † (F) ‡ (F) Dry- Bulb (F)
(F)
‫رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ‬ ‫رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ‬ ‫دﻣﺎي ﺧﺸﻚ‬ ‫رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ‬ ‫دﻣﺎي ﺧﺸﻚ‬
‫دﻣﺎي ﺧﺸﻚ‬ ‫دﻣﺎي ﺧﺸﻚ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﺳﺎن دﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﺳﺎن دﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻧﻮﺳﺎن دﻣﺎ‬
ATTACHMENT 2

BULB TEMPERATURES

GENERAL COMFORT
Apt House, Hotel, Office Hospital, School, etc. -3
‫ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ آﺳﺎﻳﺶ‬ 74-76 50-45 77-79 50-45 2 to 4 74-76 35-30 75-77 -4
‫ ﻣﺪرﺳﻪ و ﻏﻴﺮه‬،‫ ﺑﻴﻤﺎرﺳﺘﺎن‬،‫دﻓﺘﺮ ﻛﺎر‬، ‫ ﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬،‫آﭘﺎرﺗﻤﺎن‬
To - 4
RECOMMENDED INDOOR DESIGN DRY-

RETAIL SHOPES
(Short term occupancy)
Bank,Barber or Beauty Shop, Dept. Store, Supermarket,
etc. -3

32
– (‫ﻓﺮوﺷﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎ )اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻛﻮﺗﺎه ﻣﺪت‬ 76-78 50-45 78-80 50-45 2 to 4 72-74 35-30** 73-75 -4
To - 4
‫ ﺳﻮﭘﺮﻣﺎرﻛﺖ و‬،‫ اﻧﺒﺎر‬،‫ اداره‬،‫ ﻓﺮوﺷﮕﺎه‬،‫ ﺳﺎﻟﻦ زﻳﺒﺎﻳﻲ ﻳﺎ آراﻳﺸﮕﺎه‬،‫ﺑﺎﻧﻚ‬
‫ﻏﻴﺮه‬
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬

LOW SENSIBLE HEAT FACTOR APPLICATIONS

(High latent load)
Auditorium, church, Cafeteria, Restaurant, kitchen, etc. -2
‫ﻛﺎرﺑﺮدﻫﺎي ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺣﺮارت ﻣﺤﺴﻮس ﻛﻢ‬ 76-78 55-50 78-80 60-50 1 to 2 72-74 40-35 74-76 -4
‫ و‬،‫ رﺳﺘﻮران‬،‫ ﻛﺎﻓﻪ ﺗﺮﻳﺎ آﺷﭙﺰﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬،‫ﻛﻠﻴﺴﺎ‬،‫ﺑﺎر ﻧﻬﺎن زﻳﺎد( ﺗﺎﻻر ﺳﺨﻨﺮاﻧﻲ‬ To - 3
‫ﻏﻴﺮه‬

FACTORY COMFORT
Assembly Areas, Machining Rooms. etc. -4
‫ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ آﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﻛﺎرﮔﺎﻫﻲ‬ 77-80 55-45 80-85 60-50 3 to 6 68-72 35-30 70-74 -6
‫ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﺳﺎزي و ﻏﻴﺮه‬- ‫ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﻧﺘﺎژ‬ To - 6
‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬
2 ‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ‬

Dry- Bulb ºF© ‫درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت‬ %R/ Temp. Dry- Bulb ºF© ‫درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت ﺧﺸﻚ‬ %R/H ‫رﻃﻮﺑﺖ‬ Temp.
‫ﺧﺸﻚ‬ H Swing %‫ﻧﺴﺒﻲ‬ Swing
‫رﻃﻮﺑﺖ‬
CONTROL ROOMS %‫ﻧﺴﺒﻲ‬ ( °C ) ( °C )
IPS-E-AR-100(1)

‫اﺗﺎق ﻫﺎي ﻛﻨﺘﺮل‬ ‫ﻧﻮﺳﺎن دﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﺳﺎن دﻣﺎ‬

‫دﻣﺎي ﺧﺸﻚ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاي داﺧﻞ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﺟﻬﺖ‬

72ْ F(22ْ C) 45- ±2ْ C 70ْ F(21ْ C) ±2ْ C

45-52
54
 Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
† Temperature swing is above the thermostat
sehing at peak summer load conditions.
‡ Temperature swing is below the thermostat
setting at peak winter load conditions. (no lights,
people or solar head gain).
* The room design dry-bulb temperature should
be reduced when hot radiant panels are adjacent to
the occupants and increased when cold panels are
adjacent.
** Winter humidifieation in retail clothing shops
is recommended to malttain the guality texture of
goods.
33
IPS-E-AR-100(1)
‫ ﻧﻮﺳﺎن دﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻻي درﺟﻪ‬، ‫† در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﺑﺎر در ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن‬
.‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺗﺮﻣﺴﺘﺎت اﺳﺖ‬
‫ ﻧﻮﺳﺎن دﻣﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺗﺮ از‬، ‫‡ در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﺑﺎر در زﻣﺴﺘﺎن‬
‫ ﻧﻈﺮات ﻳﺎ ﺑﻬﺮه‬،‫درﺟﻪ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺳﺘﺎت اﺳﺖ )ﺑﺪون روﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ‬
(‫ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﺧﻮرﺷﻴﺪي‬
‫* ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺻﻔﺤﺎت ﺗﺸﻌﺸﻌﻲ ﮔﺮم در ﻣﺠﺎورت ﻧﻈﺮات‬
‫)ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﻓﻴﻦ( ﺑﺎﺷﺪ دﻣﺎي ﺣﺒﺎب ﺧﺸﻚ اﺗﺎق ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ و‬
.‫وﻗﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺻﻔﺤﺎت ﺳﺮد ﻧﺰدﻳﻚ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ دﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬
‫** رﻃﻮﺑﺖ زﻣﺴﺘﺎن ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ اﺟﻨﺎس در‬
.‫ﺧﺮده ﻓﺮوﺷﻲﻫﺎي ﻟﺒﺎس ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ ‪Jul. 2009 / 1388‬‬ ‫)‪IPS-E-AR-100(1‬‬

‫‪ATTACHMENT 3‬‬ ‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ‪3‬‬

‫‪HEATING LOAD ESTIMATE SHEET‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﮔﻪ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﺑﺎر ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬

‫‪HEATING CONDITIONS‬‬ ‫‪TEMPERATURE OF AIR ENTERING‬‬

‫ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬ ‫درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت ﻫﻮاي ورودي‬
‫‪ROOM…………..D.B……… .W.B………%‬‬ ‫‪R.H…………….GR.LB‬‬
‫دﻣﺎي ﺧﺸﻚ اﺗﺎق‬ ‫دﻣﺎي ﻣﺮﻃﻮب‬ ‫رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﭘﻦ در ﭘﻮﻧﺪ‬ ‫‪………….% OUTSIDE AIR‬‬ ‫درﺻﺪ ﻫﻮاي ﺧﺎرج‬ ‫‪× --------------ْ F = ------------------ ْ F‬‬ ‫درﺟﻪ ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ‬
‫‪OUTSIDE…….…D.B…….…..W.B………..%‬‬ ‫‪R.H……………..GR.LB‬‬ ‫‪………… % RECIRCULATED AIR‬‬ ‫درﺻﺪ ﻫﻮاي ﺑﺎزﮔﺸﺖ‬ ‫‪× ------------- ْ Fْ = -------------------ْ F‬‬
‫دﻣﺎي ﺧﺸﻚ ﺧﺎرج‬ ‫دﻣﺎي ﻣﺮﻃﻮب‬ ‫رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﭘﻦ در ﭘﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫‪DIFF………..F°‬‬ ‫‪DIFF…………...GR.LB‬‬
‫‪( TOTAL (AVERAGE ENTERING AIR TEMP)=………..F°‬‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻊ )ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت ﻫﻮاي ورودي‬
‫اﺧﺘﻼف‬ ‫درﺟﻪ ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻼف درﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﭘﻦ در ﭘﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫‪ROOM TEMP. CORRECTION FOR HT . OF UNIT‬‬ ‫دﻣﺎي اﺗﺎق‪+‬ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺎر ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه‬

‫‪SQ FT‬‬ ‫‪BTU PER HR‬‬ ‫‪TOTAL BTU PER‬‬ ‫‪TEM.‬‬

‫‪TRANS.‬‬ ‫‪TOTAL BTU PER‬‬
‫‪SURFACE‬‬ ‫‪PER F DIFF‬‬ ‫‪HR F DIFF‬‬ ‫‪DIFF.‬‬
‫ﻓﻮت ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬ ‫‪FACT.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻲﺗﻲﻳﻮ در ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻊ ﺑﻲ ﺗﻲ ﻳﻮ در ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺑﺮاي اﺧﺘﻼف‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻼف‬ ‫‪HOUR‬‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺣﺮارت‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻊ ﺑﻲ ﺗﻲ ﻳﻮ در ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬
‫اﺧﺘﻼف دﻣﺎ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ‬ ‫دﻣﺎ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ‬ ‫دﻣﺎ‬

‫‪INFILTRATION‬‬ ‫‪TOTAL TRANSMISSION LOSS‬‬

‫ﻧﻔﻮذ ﻫﻮا‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻊ اﺗﻼف اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺣﺮارت‬
‫‪CRACK METHOD‬‬ ‫‪AREA METHOD‬‬ ‫‪C F M‬‬ ‫‪TEMP. GRADIENT FACTOR‬‬ ‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺷﻴﺐ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬ ‫‪----------------‬‬
‫روش درزي‬ ‫روش ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ‬ ‫ﻓﻮت ﻣﻜﻌﺐ در دﻗﻴﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪ × ----------- ْ F × 1.08‬ﻓﻮت ﻣﻜﻌﺐ در دﻗﻴﻘﻪ ‪ -------- CFM‬ﻫﻮاي ﺧﺎرج ‪OUTSIDE AIR‬‬
‫‪ × ----------- ْ F × 1.08‬ﻓﻮت ﻣﻜﻌﺐ در دﻗﻴﻘﻪ ‪ --------- CFM‬ﻧﻔﻮذ ﻫﻮا ‪INFILTRATION‬‬
‫ﭘﻨﺠﺮه ‪WINDOW‬‬ ‫‪ LN. FT × -------‬ﻃﻮل‬ ‫‪SQ FT×0.8‬‬
‫‪SQ FT×0.8‬‬ ‫‪SUBTOTAL‬‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻊ اﺟﺰاء‬
‫ﻧﻮرﮔﻴﺮ ‪SKYLIGHT‬‬ ‫‪ LN. FT × -------‬ﻃﻮل‬
‫‪ LN. FT × -------‬ﻃﻮل‬ ‫‪SQ FT‬‬ ‫‪SAFETY FACTOR ---------------- %‬‬
‫‪DOOR‬‬ ‫در‬
‫‪ SQ. FT × -------‬ﻓﻮت ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬
‫‪SQ FT‬‬
‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ اﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎن‬
‫‪DOOR USAGE‬‬ ‫‪TOTAL‬‬
‫در ب ﺑﺎز ﺷﻮ‬
‫‪AIR CHANGE METHOD‬‬ ‫‪GRAND TOTAL HEAT LOSS‬‬
‫روش ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻫﻮا‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻊ ﻛﻞ اﺗﻼف ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬
‫‪CU FT‬‬ ‫‪-------- MAX‬‬ ‫‪C F M‬‬ ‫‪HUMIDIFICATION‬‬
‫‪WATER‬‬
‫‪60‬‬ ‫‪-------- MIN‬‬ ‫ﻓﻮت ﻣﻜﻌﺐ در دﻗﻴﻘﻪ‬ ‫رﻃﻮﺑﺖ زﻧﻲ‬
‫‪EVAPORATED‬‬
‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ‪MAX‬‬ ‫‪CFM‬‬ ‫‪CFMQA‬‬ ‫آب ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮﺷﺪه‬
‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ‪MIN‬‬ ‫‪INFIL‬‬ ‫‪GR/LB DIFF.‬‬ ‫ﭘﻮﻧﺪ ‪/‬ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ‪LB/H‬‬
‫ﻧﻔﻮذ ﻫﻮا‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻼف ﮔﺮﺑﻦ در ﭘﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﻓﻮت ﻣﻜﻌﺐ در دﻗﻴﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪1580‬‬
‫‪EQUIPMENT CHOICE‬‬
‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات‬
‫‪INSTALLED‬‬ ‫‪STEAM CONDُ S‬‬ ‫‪HOT WATER‬‬ ‫‪CU. FT.‬‬
‫‪UNIT‬‬ ‫‪RPM‬‬ ‫‪CFM‬‬ ‫‪FIN. TEMP.F.‬‬ ‫‪BASIC‬‬ ‫‪CAPACITY‬‬ ‫‪GPM‬‬
‫‪QUAN.‬‬ ‫‪BTU CONSTANT‬‬ ‫‪LP/H‬‬ ‫‪GAS/HR‬‬
‫‪SIZE‬‬ ‫دور در‬ ‫ﻓﻮت ﻣﻜﻌﺐ در‬ ‫درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت ﺑﻪ‬ ‫‪RATING‬‬
‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺑﻜﺎر ﺑﺮده ﺷﺪه‬ ‫آب ﮔﺮم‬ ‫ﻓﻮت ﻣﻜﻌﺐ ﻛﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪار‬ ‫دﺑﻲ اﺳﺎﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻲ ﺗﻲ ﻳﻮ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺑﺨﺎر‬
‫اﻧﺪازه واﺣﺪ‬ ‫دﻗﻴﻘﻪ‬ ‫دﻗﻴﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺮاي ﻧﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﭘﻮﻧﺪ‪/‬ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬ ‫ﮔﺎﻟﻦ در دﻗﻴﻘﻪ‬ ‫در ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬

‫‪34‬‬
 Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬ IPS-E-AR-100(1)

ATTACHMENT 4 4 ‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ‬
TYPICAL BOILER ROOM PIPING ‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ اي از ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ ﻣﻮﺗﻮرﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬

BOILER PIPING FOR MULTIPLE-ZONE MULTIPLE-PURPOSE HEATING SYSTEM

‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ دﻳﮓ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮن – ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﮔﺮم ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮره‬

35
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ATTACHMENT 5 5 ‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ‬
FUEL - OIL (PUMP SUCTION) PIPE SIZING ‫ﻣﻮاد ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﻧﻔﺘﻲ )ﻣﻜﺶ ﭘﻤﭗ( ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
RECOMMENDED SIZES (mm) FOR SUCTION ‫ﻗﻄﺮﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه )ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ( ﺑﺮاي ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻜﺶ از‬
LINES FROM TANK TO PUMP (FOR
( 6 ‫ و‬5 ‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ )ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﺷﻤﺎره ﻫﺎي‬
RESIDUAL GRADES NO s. 5 AND 6)

Maximum Suction Lift=4.5m ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬4/5‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﻣﻜﺶ‬

Pumping Length of Run ,m ‫ﻃﻮل ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺘﺮ‬
Rate , l/h
‫دﺑﻲ ﭘﻤﭙﺎژ‬
‫ﻟﻴﺘﺮ در‬ 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
‫ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬
50 40 40 40 50 50 50 65 65 65 90
100 40 40 50 50 65 65 65 65 80 80
200 40 50 50 50 65 65 65 80 80 80
300 50 50 65 65 65 80 80 80 80 80
400 50 50 65 65 80 80 80 80 80 100
500 50 65 65 65 80 80 80 80 100 100
600 65 65 65 80 80 80 100 100 100 100
700 65 65 65 80 80 100 100 100 100 100
800 65 65 80 80 100 100 100 100 100 100

Pipe sizes smaller than 25 mm ISO are not
recommended for use with residual grade fuel
oils. Lines conveying fuel oil from pump
discharge port to burners and tank return may be
reduced by 1 or 2 sizes, depending upon piping
length and pressure losses.
‫ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻮاد ﺳﻮﺧﺖ‬ISO ‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬25 ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ اﻧﺪازه ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬
‫ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ‬.‫ﻧﻔﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ درﺟﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ﻣﻮاد ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﻧﻔﺘﻲ را از ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﻌﻞ ﻫﺎ و ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮل و اﺗﻼف ﻓﺸﺎر‬
.‫ اﻧﺪازه ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﭘﻴﺪا ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‬2 ‫ ﻳﺎ‬1 ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ‬

Recommended sizes (mm) for suction lines from ‫اﻧﺪازه ﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه )ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ( ﺑﺮاي ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻜﺶ از‬
tank to pump (for residual grades no s. 1 and 2) (2 ‫ و‬1 ‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺗﺎ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ )ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﺷﻤﺎره ﻫﺎي‬

Maximum Suction Lift=4.5m ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬4/5 ‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮارﺗﻔﺎع ﻣﻜﺶ‬

Pumping Length of Run ,m ‫ﻃﻮل ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺘﺮ‬

Rate, l/h
‫دﺑﻲ ﭘﻤﭙﺎژ‬
‫ﻟﻴﺘﺮ در‬ 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
‫ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬
50 15 15 15 15 15 20 20 20 25 25
100 15 15 15 15 20 20 20 20 25 25
200 15 20 20 20 20 20 25 25 25 25
300 15 20 20 20 20 25 25 25 25 32
400 20 20 20 20 25 25 25 25 32 32
500 20 25 25 25 25 25 32 32 32 32
600 20 25 25 25 25 32 32 32 32 50
700 20 25 25 25 25 32 32 32 50 50
800 20 25 25 25 32 32 32 32 50 50

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ATTACHMENT 6 6 ‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ‬
RECOMMENDED MINIMUM AREA OF
BOILER HOUSE OPENINGS FOR ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺎز ﺷﻮ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاي درﻳﭽﻪ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ‬
VENTILATION ‫ﻣﻮﺗﻮرﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬

EVAPORATION MINIMUM AREA

‫ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ‬

lbs/hr ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬/‫ﺑﻮﻧﺪ‬ SQ FT ‫ﻓﻮت ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬

2000 1.16
2500 1.45
3000 1.74
3500 2.03
4000 2.32
4500 2.61
5500 3.19
6500 3.77
7500 4.35
8500 4.93
9500 5.51
10500 6.09
11500 6.67
12500 7.25
13500 7.83
14500 8.41
15500 8.99
16500 9.57
17500 10.15
18500 10.73
20000 11.6
22500 13.05
25000 14.50
27500 15.95
30000 17.40
35000 20.30

Notes:
1) Rule of Thumb Method:
To ensure an adequate supply of air for
combustion, the room in which the burner is
installed shall have permanent ventilation source
in order of at least 5.5 cm2 per kw of Boiler
output.
: ‫ﻳﺎدآوريﻫﺎ‬
:‫( ﻗﺎﻋﺪه روش ﺳﺮاﻧﮕﺸﺘﻲ‬1
‫ اﺗﺎﻗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺸﻌﻞ در آن‬،‫ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻫﻮاي ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز اﺣﺘﺮاق‬
‫ﻧﺼﺐ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪه اﺳﺖ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ داراي ﻳﻚ درﻳﭽﻪ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ داﺋﻤﻲ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺑﺎزاء ﻫﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮوات ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ‬5/5 ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬
.‫ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ دﻳﮓ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

2) Minimum area calculated by formula: ‫( ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ذﻳﻞ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬2
‫ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ‬ : ‫ﻣﻲﮔﺮدد‬
EVAPORATION  2 EVAPORATION  2
= Square Feet = ‫ﻓﻮت ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬
3450 3450

3) For heating load calculation systems see carrier .‫( ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺑﺎر ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار ﻛﺮﻳﺮ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬3
software.

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ATTACHMENT 7 7 ‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ‬
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY FACTORS
FOR USUAL BUILDING MATERIAL ‫ﺿﺮاﻳﺐ ﻫﺪاﻳﺖ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻣﻌﻤﻮل ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن‬

effective thermal
Dry density
conductivity (λ)
Kg/m3
W/m.C°
‫ﺟﺮم ﻣﺨﺼﻮص‬
‫ﺿﺮاﻳﺐ ﻫﺪاﻳﺖ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬
Materials ‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬ (ρ) ‫ﺧﺸﻚ‬
(λ)‫ﻣﺆﺛﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ وات ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ در‬
‫ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬
‫دﻣﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬

Stones ‫ﺳﻨﮕﻬﺎ‬
Igneous and metamorphic Rocks: :‫ﺳﻨﮕﻬﺎي آذرﻳﻦ و دﮔﺮﮔﻮﻧﻲ‬
Granite , Gneiss , Porphyry
‫ ﭘﺮﻓﻴﺮي‬،‫ ﮔﻨﺎﻳﺲ‬، ‫ﮔﺮاﻧﻴﺖ‬ 2300-2900 2.2

Schist , ‫ آردواز‬، ‫ﺷﻴﺴﺖ‬ 2000-2800 2.2

basalt ‫ﺑﺎزاﻟﺖ‬ 2700-3000 1.6

Pumice , Trachyte , Andesite ‫ آﻧﺪزﻳﺖ‬،‫ ﺗﺮاﻛﻴﺖ‬،‫ﺳﻨﮓ ﭘﺎ‬ 2000-2700 1.1

Limestones: : ‫ﺳﻨﮕﻬﺎي آﻫﻜﻲ‬

Marbles (‫ﺳﻨﮕﻬﺎي ﺳﺮد)ﻣﺮﻣﺮ‬ >2590 2.9

Hard rocks (lime rocks) ‫ﺳﻨﮕﻬﺎي ﺳﺨﺖ آﻫﻜﻲ‬ 2350-2580 2.4

Block or semi Block stones ‫ﺳﻨﮕﻬﺎي ﻳﻜﭙﺎرﭼﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎي ﻧﻴﻤﻪ‬ 1840-2340 1.4

Soft Rocks (chalk) (‫ﺳﻨﮕﻬﺎي ﻧﺮم )ﮔﭽﻲ‬ 1480-1830 1

Very soft rocks ‫ﺳﻨﮕﻬﺎي ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﻧﺮم‬ <1470 0.85

Sandstones: : ‫ﻣﺎﺳﻪ ﺳﻨﮕﻬﺎ‬

quartzites ‫ﻛﻮارﺗﺰي‬ 2200-2800 2.6

Calcareous ‫آﻫﻜﻲ‬ 2000-2700 1.9

flints , float stone: ‫ﺳﻨﮕﻬﺎي ﭼﺨﻤﺎق و ﺳﻨﮕﻬﺎي ﻣﺮﺟﺎﻧﻲ‬ 2600-2800 2.6

1900-2500 1.8

1300-1900 0.9

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effective thermal
Dry density
conductivity (λ)
Kg/m3
W/m.C°
‫ﺟﺮم ﻣﺨﺼﻮص‬
‫ﺿﺮاﻳﺐ ﻫﺪاﻳﺖ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬
Materials ‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬ (ρ) ‫ﺧﺸﻚ‬
(λ)‫ﻣﺆﺛﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ وات ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ در‬
‫ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬
‫دﻣﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬
Tile ‫ﻛﺎﺷﻲ‬ 1700-2100 1-1.35

Concrete : : ‫ﺑﺘﻦ‬
concretes with heavy siliceous , calcareous silica and limestone aggregates :
‫ ﺳﻴﻠﻴﺴﻲ آﻫﻜﻲ و ﺳﻨﮓ آﻫﻚ‬،‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﺳﻴﻠﻴﺴﻲ‬

Normal concrete ‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ‬ 2200-2400 1.75

Porous concrete ‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﺘﺨﻠﺨﻞ‬ 1700-2100 1.4

Concrete with heavy blast furnace ‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﮔﺪازهاي ﻛﻮره‬ 1650-1900 1.15
aggregates

Normal concrete ‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ‬

With natural (River or mineral) sand ‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﺳﻪ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ اي ﻳﺎ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ‬ 2200-2400 1.4

With slug aggregates ‫ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﺑﺎره دﻧﺪان‬ 2200-2300 0.8

Porous Concrete ‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﺘﺨﻠﺨﻞ‬

With less than 10 percent river sand ‫ درﺻﺪ ﻣﺎﺳﻪ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬10 ‫ﺑﺎ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬ 1600-2000 0.7

Concrete with light weight- aggregates: ‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﺳﺒﻚ‬

‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺮﺑﺎره ﻣﻨﺒﺴﻂ ﺑﺎ‬

concrete with cinder or Expanded
slug with porous structure (visual ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﻣﺘﺨﻠﺨﻞ )وزن ﻣﺨﺼﻮص‬
density of aggregate appx. 750kg / ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ‬750 ‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮط در ﺣﺪود‬
m3)
( ‫ﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬
With fine particles or sand ‫ﺑﺎ ذرات رﻳﺰ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﺳﻪ‬ 1400-1600 0.52

1200-1400 0.44

Without fine particles or sand ‫ﺑﺪون ذرات رﻳﺰ و ﺑﺪون ﻣﺎﺳﻪ‬ 1000-1200 0.35

Concrete with sintered fly - ash
(visual density of aggregates :
appx.650 kg / m3
Concrete with natural light-weight
aggregates or pumice (Visual
density of aggregates: appx.600 kg /
m3)
‫ﺑﺘــﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘــﺮ ﺑﺎدي ﺑﺼـﻮرت ﺗﻮده‬
650 ‫)وزن ﻣﺨﺼﻮص در ﺣﺪود‬ 1000-1200 0.35
( ‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬
‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﺳﺒﻚ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺳﻨﮓ‬
‫ آﺗﺸﻔﺸﺎن )وزن‬. ‫ﭘﺎ ﺳﻨﮕﻬﺎي ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮي‬ 950-1150 0.46
(‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬600 ‫در ﺣﺪود‬

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effective thermal
Dry density
conductivity (λ)
Kg/m3
W/m.C°
‫ﺟﺮم ﻣﺨﺼﻮص‬
‫ﺿﺮاﻳﺐ ﻫﺪاﻳﺖ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬
Materials ‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬ (ρ) ‫ﺧﺸﻚ‬
(λ)‫ﻣﺆﺛﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ وات ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ در‬
‫ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬
‫دﻣﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬
Concrete with Expanded clay or ‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺧﺎك رس ﻣﻨﺒﺴﻂ ﺷﺪه و ﻳﺎ‬
chist
‫ﺧﺎك و ﺳﻨﮕﺮﻳﺰه‬
‫ و ﻋﻴﺎر‬350 ‫وزن ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﺑﻴﺶ از‬
Visual weight of aggregates > 350
3
kg and cement content > 300 kg/m ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﺮ‬300‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻴﺶ از‬
of concrete ‫ﻣﺘﺮﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬
With river sand - no lightweight ‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﺳﻪ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ و ﺑﺪون ﻣﺎﺳﻪ ﺳﺒﻚ‬ 1600-1800 1.05
sand
With river sand with lightweight ‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﺳﻪ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ و ﻣﺎﺳﻪ ﺳﺒﻚ‬ 1400-1600 0.85
sand
Visual weight of aggregates > 300
kg/ and cement content > 350- 550 ‫و‬350 ‫وزن ﻇﺎﻫﺮي ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ‬
3
550kg/ m of concrete ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﮔﺮم‬300 ‫و ﻋﻴﺎر ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻴﺶ از‬

With lightweight sand and max. %10 ‫ ﻣﺎﺳﻪ‬%10 ‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﺳﻪ ﺳﺒﻚ و ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ‬
1200-1400 0.7
river sand. ‫رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﺳﻪ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﺳﻪ ﺳﺒﻚ‬
With river sand and lightweight sand
Visual weight of aggregates > 350 350 ‫وزن ﻇﺎﻫﺮي ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬
1000-1200 0.46
kg/ and cement content > 250 kg/ 250 ‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﮔﺮم و ﻋﻴﺎر ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬
m3 of concrete
‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم‬
With lightweight sand and max. ‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﺳﻪ ﺳﺒﻚ و ﺑﺪون ﻣﺎﺳﻪ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬ 800-1000 0.33
%10 river sand.
Without sand and with low cement ‫ﺑﺪون ﻣﺎﺳﻪ و ﺑﺎ ﻋﻴﺎر ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻛﻢ‬ 600-800 0.25
content.
Without sand and with low cement ‫ﺑﺪون ﻣﺎﺳﻪ و ﺑﺎ ﻋﻴﺎر ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻛﻢ‬ <600 0.2
content.
Concrete with very lightweight ‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﺳﺒﻚ‬
aggregates.
concrete made with perlite or ‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﺘﺸﻜﻞ از ﭘﺮﻟﻴﺖ ﻳﺎ ورﻣﻴﻜﻮﻟﻴﺖ‬
vermiculite (3 -6 mm)-cast in place: ‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ( اﺟﺮاي درﺟﺎ‬6 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬3 ‫)از‬
Ratio : 1to 3 3 ‫ ﺑﻪ‬1 ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ 600-800 0.31

Ratio : 1 to 6 6 ‫ ﺑﻪ‬1 ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ 400-600 0.24

Precast concrete layers made with ‫ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﺘﺸﻜﻞ از ورﻣﻴﻜﻮﻟﻴﺖ‬

400-450 0.19
vermiculite. ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه در ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬
Porous autoclave concrete ‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﺘﺨﻠﺨﻞ اﺗﻮ ﻛﻼو‬

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effective thermal
Dry density
conductivity (λ)
Kg/m3
W/m.C°
‫ﺟﺮم ﻣﺨﺼﻮص‬
‫ﺿﺮاﻳﺐ ﻫﺪاﻳﺖ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬
Materials ‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬ (ρ) ‫ﺧﺸﻚ‬
(λ)‫ﻣﺆﺛﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ وات ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ در‬
‫ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬
‫دﻣﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬

Nominal Specific Gravity : 800 800 ‫وزن ﻣﺨﺼﻮص اﺳﻤﻲ‬ 775-825 0.33

Nominal Specific Gravity: 750 750 ‫وزن ﻣﺨﺼﻮص اﺳﻤﻲ‬ 725-775 0.29

Nominal Specific Gravity: 700 700 ‫وزن ﻣﺨﺼﻮص اﺳﻤﻲ‬ 675-725 0.27

Nominal Specific Gravity: 650 650 ‫وزن ﻣﺨﺼﻮص اﺳﻤﻲ‬ 625-675 0.24

Nominal Specific Gravity: 600 600 ‫وزن ﻣﺨﺼﻮص اﺳﻤﻲ‬ 575-625 0.22

Nominal Specific Gravity: 550 550 ‫وزن ﻣﺨﺼﻮص اﺳﻤﻲ‬ 525-575 0.2

Nominal Specific Gravity: 500 500 ‫وزن ﻣﺨﺼﻮص اﺳﻤﻲ‬ 475-525 0.18

Nominal Specific Gravity: 450 450 ‫وزن ﻣﺨﺼﻮص اﺳﻤﻲ‬ 425-475 0.17

Nominal Specific Gravity: 400 400 ‫وزن ﻣﺨﺼﻮص اﺳﻤﻲ‬ 375-425 0.16

Concrete with wood particles ‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺧﺮده ﭼﻮب‬

Wood - cement concrete ‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﺘﺸﻜﻞ از ﺗﺮاﺷﻪﻫﺎي ﭼﻮب‬ 450-650 0.16

‫ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه از ﺗﺮاﺷﻪ ﻫﺎي‬

Cement - Wood particle board 450-550 0.15
‫ﭼﻮب و ﺳﻴﻤﺎن‬
‘’
‘’ 350-450 0.12

‘’
‘’ 250-350 0.1

Plaster , Mortar and sealant ‫ ﻣﻼت و درزﮔﻴﺮ‬، ‫اﻧﺪود‬ 1800-2100 1.15

Asbestos cement and cellulose ‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﭘﻨﺒﻪ ﻛﻮﻫﻲ و ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰي‬

cement.
Asbestos cement ‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﭘﻨﺒﻪ ﻛﻮﻫﻲ‬ 1800-2200 0.95

Cellulose cement ‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰي‬ 1400-1800 0.46

Cellulose cement ‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰي‬ 1000-1400 0.35

Gypsum ‫ﮔﭻ‬

Gypsum (rich slurry) or (high rich " ‫ﮔﭻ " دوﻏﺎب ﻏﻨﻲ" ﻳﺎ " ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﻏﻨﻲ‬
1100-1300 0.5
slurry) ( ‫)ﮔﭻ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﺳﺨﺖ و ﮔﭻ ﭘﺎﺷﻴﺪه‬

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effective thermal
Dry density
conductivity (λ)
Kg/m3
W/m.C°
‫ﺟﺮم ﻣﺨﺼﻮص‬
‫ﺿﺮاﻳﺐ ﻫﺪاﻳﺖ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬
Materials ‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬ (ρ) ‫ﺧﺸﻚ‬
(λ)‫ﻣﺆﺛﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ وات ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ در‬
‫ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬
‫دﻣﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬
Gypsum precast panel with ‫ﻗﻄﻌﺎت ﭘﻴﺶ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﮔﭽﻲ ﺑﺎ روﻛﺶ‬
pasteboard blanket or mineral 750-1000 0.35
fibers. ‫ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎ اﻟﻴﺎف ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ‬،‫ﻣﻘﻮاﻳﻲ‬
Gypsum with fire-proof ‫ﮔﭻ ﺑﺎ روﻛﺶ ﻣﻘﻮاﻳﻲ " ﺿﺪ آﺗﺶ " و‬
pasteboard and gypsum layers 800-1000 0.35
reinforced with mineral fibers. ‫ﻻﻳﻪ ﻫﺎي ﮔﭻ آرﻣﻪ ﺑﺎ اﻟﻴﺎف ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ‬
Gypsum with perlite or 2 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬1 ‫ﮔﭻ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺮﻟﻴﺖ ﻳﺎ ور ﻣﻴﻜﻮﻟﻴﺖ )از‬
vermiculite (1to 2 mm) (‫ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬
One volume of perlite or ‫ﻳﻚ ﺣﺠﻢ ﭘﺮﻟﻴﺖ ﻳﺎ ورﻣﻴﻜﻮﻟﻴﺖ در ﻳﻚ‬
vermiculite per one volume of 700-900 0.3
gypsum ‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﮔﭻ‬
Two volume of perlite or ‫دو ﺣﺠﻢ ﭘﺮﻟﻴﺖ ﻳﺎ ورﻣﻴﻜﻮﻟﻴﺖ در ﻳﻚ‬
vermiculite per one volume of 500-700 0.25
gypsum ‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﮔﭻ‬
Mineral wools ‫ﭘﺸﻢ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ‬

Rock wool ‫ﭘﺸﻢ ﺳﻨﮓ‬ 18-25 0.047

25-35 0.041

35-80 0.039

80-180 0.041

Glass wool ‫ﭘﺸﻢ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ‬ 9-12 0.054

12-18 0.048

18-25 0.043

25-80 0.037

80-130 0.039

Natural woods ‫ﭼﻮﺑﻬﺎي ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬

Oaks , beech , yggdrasil , fruit trees ‫ زﺑﺎن‬،‫ راﻧﺶ ﺳﺨﺖ‬،‫ﺑﻠﻮط‬
‫ درﺧﺘﺎن ﻣﻴﻮه‬،‫ﮔﻨﺠﺸﻚ‬
800 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬650 "‫وزن ﻣﺨﺼﻮص "ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬
Natural density 650-800 kg/m3 600-750 0.23
‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬
650 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬500 "‫وزن ﻣﺨﺼﻮص "ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬
Natural density 500-650 kg/m3 450-600 0.15
‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬
‫ﭼﻮب درﺧﺘﺎن ﺻﻤﻐﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر‬
High density gum trees wood :
‫ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ وزن ﻣﺨﺼﻮص ﺑﻴﺶ از‬ 600-750 0.23
Natural density > 700 kg/m3
‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﺮﻣﺘﺮﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬700

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