Chemical Injection

Petroleum Development Oman L.L.C.
UNRESTRICTED
Oct-07 Filing Key: Business Control
Engineering and Operations
Chemical Injection
User Note:
The requirements of this document are mandatory. Non-compliance shall only be authorised by
the Document Owner or his Delegate through STEP-OUT approval.
A controlled copy of the current version of this document is on PDO's EDMS. Before making
reference to this document, it is the user's responsibility to ensure that any hard copy, or
electronic copy, is current. For assistance, contact the Document Custodian or the Document
Controller.
Users are encouraged to participate in the ongoing improvement of this document by providing
constructive feedback.
Please familiarise yourself with the

Document Security Classification Definitions
They also apply to this Document!
Revision: 2.0
Petroleum Development Oman LLC Effective: Oct-07
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Page 2 Chemical Injection Printed 23/10/07

The controlled version of this CMF Document resides online in Livelink®. Printed copies are UNCONTROLLED.
Revision: 2.0
i Document Authorisation
Authorised For Issue – October 2007

Revision: 2.0
ii Revision History
The following is a brief summary of the 4 most recent revisions to this document. Details of all
revisions prior to these are held on file by the issuing department.
Revision No. Date Author Scope / Remarks
Rev 2.0 Oct-07 UOP6 Reformatted and revised as required

Sep-01 UOP1 Reviewed and Revalidated
Rev 1.0 Oct-98 UOP1 New Issue
iii Related Business Processes

Code Business Process (EPBM 4.0)
EP.71.02 Operate Wells and Facilities
iv Related Corporate Management Frame Work (CMF)

Documents
The related CMF Documents can be retrieved from the CMF Document Control Portal.
CP-115 Operate Surface Product Flow Assets CoP

SP-1194 Chemical Management

Revision: 2.0
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 Introduction........................................................................................................................... 6
1.1 Background..................................................................................................................... 6
1.2 Purpose........................................................................................................................... 6
1.3 Distribution/Target Audience........................................................................................... 6
1.4 Structure of This Document............................................................................................. 6
1.5 Roles and Responsibilities............................................................................................... 6
1.6 Definitions and Abbreviations.......................................................................................... 7
1.6.1 General..................................................................................................................... 7
1.6.2 Abbreviations............................................................................................................ 7
1.7 Changes to the Document............................................................................................... 8
1.8 Step-out Approval............................................................................................................ 8
2 Chemical Injection Procedure............................................................................................... 9
2.1 Scope.............................................................................................................................. 9
2.2 Safety Considerations..................................................................................................... 9
2.3 Chemical Injection......................................................................................................... 10
2.3.1 Starting Chemical Injection.....................................................................................10
2.3.2 Stopping Chemical Injection....................................................................................12
Appendix A - User Feedback Page............................................................................................13

Revision: 2.0
1 Introduction
1.1 Background
Chemicals are used in the production processes generally for the following reasons:
 Inhibit corrosion within vessels and pipelines
 Prevent the formation of scale
 Break down emulsions in the process fluids
 Inhibit foam generations in vessels
 Reduce or prevent bacteria formation / build-up
 Reduce or prevent the risk of hydrate formation (gas wells)
Other more specialised chemicals can be injected may be carried out by Contract
Companies on behalf of Operations.
Types of chemical and injection rates shall be decided by the Production Chemists
and / or Corrosion Engineers. The chemical injection programme will be implemented
by Production Operations or contract companies.
1.2 Purpose
The purpose of this procedure is to provide guidance to Production Operators /
Contract Personnel in handling chemicals and the use of generic injection equipment.
1.3 Distribution/Target Audience

This procedure is intended to be referenced and used by:
 Production Supervisors
 Production Operators
 Contract Personnel
1.4 Structure of This Document

This document is structured to provide clear and concise instructions for addressing
preparation and (generic) chemical injection, including:
 Roles and responsibilities of all key personnel
 Process flow schematic
 Description of key procedural steps to be followed
1.5 Roles and Responsibilities

Production Coordinator  Responsible for conducting periodic compliance
checks on chemical injection operations
Production Supervisor  Ensure Permit to Work system is being complied
with at site
 Ensures compliance to safe handling of chemicals

Revision: 2.0
Production Chemist  Advices Production Operator on correct chemical to

inject dosage and duration of injection. 1
 Consults with other specialist engineers to ensure
no-conflicting chemicals are being injected
Petroleum Engineering  Advices Production Chemist of properties of the
well / process fluids to ensure effectiveness of
chemical injection
Corrosion Engineering  Advices Production Chemist on all matters
concerning corrosion control
Production Operator  Responsible for chemical injection operations in
accordance with requirements issued by Production
Chemist.2
1.6 Definitions and Abbreviations
1.6.1 General
For the purposes of this Procedure the following definitions shall be used:
Shall The word ‘shall’ is to be understood as mandatory

Should The word ‘should’ is to be understood as strongly
recommended.
May The word ‘may’ is to be understood as indicating a possible
course of action.
Accountability State of being liable for certain actions to be taken and results
achieved
Authority The right to make, on behalf of the Company, decisions which
commit the Company to a course of action incurring expenditure,
deployment of resources and/or release of information.
Responsibility The state of being required to undertake specific actions. The
execution of a delegated task, activity or process.
1.6.2 Abbreviations
The following abbreviations are used in this Procedure.
PTW Permit to Work
SHOC Safe Handling of Chemicals
PPE Personal Protection Equipment
1
This can be undertaken in conjunction with a specialist Contract company.
2
In some area the functions of replenishing chemicals, inspection of the systems and
adjustment of dosing rate is undertaken by specialist Contract companies.
Revision: 2.0
1.7 Changes to the Document

Responsibility for the upkeep of the Document shall be with the Functional Production
Team Leader UOP, the Owner. Changes to this document shall only be authorised and
approved by the Owner.
Users of the Document who identify inaccuracy or ambiguity can notify the Custodian or
his/her delegate and request changes be initiated. The Requests shall be forwarded to
the Custodian using the ‘User Feedback Page’ provided in this Document.
The Document Custodian on behalf of the Document Owner shall ensure review and
re-verification of this procedure every 3 years.
1.8 Step-out Approval

This procedure is mandatory and shall be complied with at all times. Should compliance
with the procedure be considered inappropriate or the intended activity cannot be
effectively completed or safely performed, then step out authorisation and approval
must be obtained in accordance with PR-1001e – Operations Procedure Temporary
Variance, prior to any changes or activities associated with the procedure being carried
out.

Revision: 2.0
2 Chemical Injection Procedure
2.1 Scope
The scope of this procedure shall be generic. Generally all chemical injection pumps
are piston type direct displacement units, which allows them to overcome line pressure
on the pumping stroke to inject the chemical. The chemical injection points are normally
fitted with ‘quills’ which penetrate into the line so that the chemical is injected into the
main flow providing good mixing and dispersion.
The chemical injection procedure shall be adapted to suit the actual chemical injection
system and equipment installed at the site.
2.2 Safety Considerations

WARNING: Some chemicals used in production chemistry are extremely toxic
and must have a Permit to Work in force before they can be handled. This
includes replenishing and setting strokes. Before handling any such chemicals
personnel involved should be briefed and ensure that the SHOC card is available
for reference in cases of emergency or spillage. Appropriate safety equipment
i.e. showers and eye baths must be available in the immediate vicinity of the
operations.
The following safety considerations shall be adhered to where applicable:
 Chemicals shall only be used on site if a SHOC card is available for that
chemical
 Chemicals shall not be used if the container is open or has been damaged
 Chemicals that are ‘out of date’ shall not be used
 Chemicals shall only be stored and mixed in designated areas Mixing
chemicals shall be carried out as detailed on the SHOC card or by the
Production Chemist
 When handling chemicals PPE and full safety wear as advised on the SHOC
card shall be worn
 Chemical spills shall be addressed promptly and in accordance with the SHOC
card
 Any damage to chemical injection equipment shall be reported and the
equipment taken out of service until repairs and / or replacements have been
made
 Positive displacement chemical injection pumps should not be run with
discharge valve closed3
 Positive displacement chemical injection pumps should have the stroke set to
minimum when not in use4.
 Chemical injection shall only be made through the correct injection points only
 All chemicals shall be stored under the shade not under direct sun heat.
3
Positive displacement chemical injection pumps should not be run without a relief valve in the
line
4
For some chemicals such as scale inhibitor, if the pump will not be used for long period, say a
couple of weeks, then it is advisable to flush the pump with potable water in order to prevent
damage to pump internal parts (equipment safety).
Revision: 2.0
 Emergency eye wash facilities shall be made available near the chemical skid
and with clean potable water which can be used at the time of emergency. If
emergency eye wash is not available, portable eye wash bottles must be made
available instead.
2.3 Chemical Injection

As stated the following procedure for preparing, starting and stopping chemical injection
is generic and should be adapted to suit different system configurations that may be
installed in PDO. The procedure assumes that the chemical injection pump(s) are of the
positive displacement type and are powered from an electrical or pneumatic source.
Chemicals for injection shall be supplied in ‘drums’ or in ‘bulk’ depending on the type
and use of the chemical. Whichever method of supply is used handling of the chemical
shall be in accordance with SP-1194 – Chemical Management.
CAUTION: Operator shall be trained on the chemical injection system before
undertaking chemical injection operations unsupervised.
2.3.1 Starting Chemical Injection

1. Before chemical injection can commence the operator shall check to ensure
that there are no ‘in force’ Permits to Work (PTW) that prevent the process
being undertaken.
PTW’s that prevent chemical injection being undertaken shall be closed out
or amended before the process commences.
2. Check the chemical injection pump(s) are isolated from the energy source
(pneumatic or electrical) before undertaking any work on the chemical
injection system.
3. Check the chemical injection pump(s) suction and discharge valves status
and OPEN as required
4. Check the inventory of chemical.
If the chemical is fed from a bulk tank isolate and replenish the tank in
accordance with the SHOC card.
If the chemical is supplied from a drum ensure that sufficient drums are
available to complete the required chemical injection program.
5. Inspect the chemical injection pump(s) for mechanical damage and loose
fittings.
Check the coupling between the pump and power source is secure and
undamaged.
6. De-isolate the energy source.
7. Check all instrumentation root valves are OPEN.
8. Ensure chemical injection pump(s) suction and discharge valves are OPEN.
9. Set chemical injection pump(s) stroke to ‘minimum’.
10. OPEN isolation valves on injection manifold (if applicable).
11. Start chemical injection pump(s).
12. Set the chemical injection pump(s) stroke to the required setting as detailed
by the Production Chemist or Corrosion Engineer.

Revision: 2.0

Revision: 2.0
2.3.2 Stopping Chemical Injection
13. On completion of chemical injection operations reduce the chemical injection

pump(s) stroke to ‘minimum’.
14. Stop chemical injection pump(s).
15. CLOSE isolation valves on injection manifold (if applicable).
16. CLOSE chemical injection pump(s) suction and discharge valves.
17. Isolate the energy source.
18. Drain chemical injection pump(s) discharge line (if required)
Isolate at chemical drum or bulk tank if the shut down is to be prolonged.

Revision: 2.0
Appendix A - User Feedback Page
PR-1103 – CHEMICAL INJECTION USER FEEDBACK PAGE
Any user who identifies an inaccuracy, error or ambiguity is requested to notify

the custodian so that appropriate action can be taken. The user is requested
to return this page fully completed, indicating precisely the amendment(s)
recommended.
Name:
Ref ID Date:
Page Ref: Brief Description of Change Required and Reasons
UOP1
Custodian of Document Date:


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Petroleum Development Oman L.L.C.

Engineering and Operations

Please familiarise yourself with the

This page was intentionally left blank

Page 2 Chemical Injection Printed 23/10/07

Page 3 Chemical Injection Printed 23/10/07

Revision No. Date Author Scope / Remarks

Rev 2.0 Oct-07 UOP6 Reformatted and revised as required

iii Related Business Processes

iv Related Corporate Management Frame Work (CMF)

CP-115 Operate Surface Product Flow Assets CoP

Page 4 Chemical Injection Printed 23/10/07

Page 5 Chemical Injection Printed 23/10/07

1.3 Distribution/Target Audience

1.4 Structure of This Document

1.5 Roles and Responsibilities

Page 6 Chemical Injection Printed 23/10/07

Production Chemist  Advices Production Operator on correct chemical to

1.6 Definitions and Abbreviations

Shall The word ‘shall’ is to be understood as mandatory

1.7 Changes to the Document

1.8 Step-out Approval

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2 Chemical Injection Procedure

2.2 Safety Considerations

2.3 Chemical Injection

2.3.1 Starting Chemical Injection

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Page 11 Chemical Injection Printed 23/10/07

2.3.2 Stopping Chemical Injection

13. On completion of chemical injection operations reduce the chemical injection

Page 12 Chemical Injection Printed 23/10/07

Appendix A - User Feedback Page

PR-1103 – CHEMICAL INJECTION USER FEEDBACK PAGE

Any user who identifies an inaccuracy, error or ambiguity is requested to notify

Page Ref: Brief Description of Change Required and Reasons

Page 13 Chemical Injection Printed 23/10/07

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