AKASHDEEP SINGH

20113005

QUIZ
Theories of failure
Design of Machine Elements (IPPC-204)
1. A thin supercritical pressure vessel of 200 mm diameter and 1 mm thickness is
subjected to an internal pressure varying from 4 to 8 MPa. Assume that the yield,
ultimate, and endurance strength of material are 600, 800 and 400 MPa respectively.
The factor of safety as per Goodman’s relation is
(a) 2.0
(b) 1.6
(c) 1.4
(d) 1.2

2. A forged steel link with uniform diameter of 30 mm at the centre is subjected to an axial
force that varies from 40 kN in compression to 160 kN in tension. The tensile (Su),
yield (Sy,) and corrected endurance (Se) strength of the steel material are 600 MPa, 420
MPa and 240 MPa respectively. The factor of safety against fatigue endurance as per
Soderberg’s criterion is
(a) 1.26
(b) 1.37
(c) 1.45
(d) 2.00

3. The yield strength of a steel shaft is twice its endurance limit. Which of the following
torque fluctuation represent the most critical situation according to Soderberg criterion?
(a) -T to +T
(b) -T/2 to +T
(c) 0 to +T
(d) +T/2 to +T

4. The S-N curve for steel becomes asymptotic nearly at

(a) 103 cycles
(b) 104 cycles
(c) 106 cycles
(d) 109 cycles

5. A cylindrical shaft is subjected to an alternating stress of 100 MPa. Fatigue strength to

sustain 1000 cycles is 490 MPa. If the corrected endurance strength is 70 MPa,
estimated shaft life will be
(a) 1071 cycles
(b) 15000 cycles
(c) 281914 cycles
(d) 928643 cycles
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20113005

6. In designing a shaft for variable loads, the S.N. diagram can be drawn by
(a) Joining the Sut at 0 cycles and Se at 106 cycles by a straight line on an S.N. graph
(b) Joining the 0.9 Sut at 1000 cycles and Se at 106 cycles by a straight line on a log S-
log N graph
(c) Joining the 0.9 Sut at 1000 cycles and Se at 106 cycles by a straight line on an S-N
Graph
(d) Joining the Sut at 1000 cycles and 0.9 Se at 106 cycles by a straight line on a log
S- log N graph

7. Consider the following statements:

1. Endurance strength of a component is not affected by its surface finish and notch
sensitivity of the material.
2. For ferrous materials like steel, S-N curve becomes asymptotic at 106 cycles.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

8. When σ and Young's Modulus of Elasticity E remain constant, the energyabsorbing

capacity of part subject to dynamic forces, is a function of its
(a) Length
(b) cross-section
(c) volume
(d) none of the above

9. Fatigue strength of a rod subjected to cyclic axial force is less than that of a rotating
beam of the same dimensions subjected to steady lateral force. What is the reason?
(a) Axial stiffness is less than bending stiffness
(b) Absence of centrifugal effects in the rod
(c) The number of discontinuities vulnerable to fatigue is more in the rod
(d) At a particular time, the rod has only one type of stress whereas the beam has both
tensile and compressive stresses

10. Assertion (A): Soderberg relation is used for design against fatigue
Reason (R): Soderberg relation is based on yield strength of the material whereas all
other failure relations for dynamic loading are based on ultimate strength of the
material.
(a) Both A and R are individually true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are individually true but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true

11. The design calculations for members subject to fluctuating loads with the same factor
of safety yield the most conservative estimates when using
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20113005

(a) Gerber relation

(b) Soderberg relation
(c) Goodman relation
(d) none of the above.

12. A large uniform plate containing a rivet-hole is subjected to uniform uniaxial tension
of 95 MPa. The maximum stress in the plate is

(a) 100 MPa

(b) 285 MPa
(c) 190 MPa
(d) Indeterminate

13. In terms of theoretical stress concentration factor (Kt) and fatigue stress concentration
factor (Kf), then notch sensitivity 'q' is expressed as
𝐾𝑓 −1
(a) 𝐾𝑡 −1
𝐾𝑓 −1
(b) 𝐾𝑡 +1
𝐾𝑡 −1
(c) 𝐾𝑓 −1
𝐾𝑓 +1
(d) 𝐾𝑡 +1

14. A loaded semi-infinite flat plate is having an elliptical hole (A/B = 2) in the middle as
shown in the figure. The stress concentration factor at points either X or Y is

(a) 1
(b) 3
(c) 5
(d) 7

15. In the figure shown, it the line AB represents Goodman criterion of failure, then
soderberg criterion could be represented by line
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(a) AD
(b) D
(c) DC
(d) AC

16. In a semi-infinite flat plate shown in the figure, the theoretical stress concentration
factor kt for an elliptical hole of major axis 2a and minor axis 2b is given by

17. When a material is subjected to fatigue loading, the ratio of the endurance limit to the
ultimate tensile strength is
(a) 0.20
(b) 0.35
(c) 0.50
(d) 0.65

18. A machine component is subjected to a flexural stress which fluctuates between + 300
MN/m2 and – 150 MN/m2.Determine the value of minimum ultimate strength according
to Soderberg relation. Take yield strength = 0.55 Ultimate strength; Endurance strength
= 0.5 Ultimate strength; and factor of safety = 2
(a) 924.35 MN/m2
(b) 1050 MN/m2
(c) 1172.72 MN/m2
(d) 1300 MN/m2
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19. The ratio of endurance limit in shear to the endurance limit in flexure is
(a) 0.25
(b) 0.40
(c) 0.55
(d) 0.70

20. A leaf spring in an automobile is subjected to cyclic stresses. The average stress = 150
MPa; variable stress = 500 MPa; ultimate stress = 630 MPa; yield point stress = 350
MPa and endurance limit = 150MPa. Estimate, under what factor of safety the spring
is working, by Goodman formulae
(a) 1.75
(b) 3
(c) 5
(d) 7

21. A leaf spring in an automobile is subjected to cyclic stresses. The average stress = 150
MPa; variable stress = 500 MPa; ultimate stress = 630 MPa; yield point stress = 350
MPa and endurance limit = 150MPa. Estimate, under what factor of safety the spring
is working, by Soderberg formulae.
(a) 5
(b) 3
(c) 1.3
(d) 7

22. Find the diameter of a circular rod made of ductile material with a fatigue strength
(complete stress reversal) σe = 280 MPa and a tensile yield strength of 350 MPa. The
member is subjected to a varying axial load from 700 kN to – 300 kN. Assume Kt = 1.8
and F.S. = 2.
(a) 50 mm
(b) 30 mm
(c) 80 mm
(d) 70 mm

23. Determine the thickness of a 120 mm wide uniform plate for safe continuous operation
if the plate is to be subjected to a tensile load that has a maximum value of 250 kN and
a minimum value of 100 kN. The properties of the plate material are as follows:
Endurance limit stress = 225 MPa, and Yield point stress = 300 MPa.
The factor of safety based on yield point may be taken as 1.5.
(a) 11.5 mm
(b) 20 mm
(c) 15 mm
(d) 13 mm

24. A machine component is subjected to a flexural stress which fluctuates between + 300
MN/m2 and – 150 MN/m2.Determine the value of minimum ultimate strength according
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to Gerber relation; Take yield strength = 0.55 Ultimate strength; Endurance strength =
0.5 Ultimate strength; and factor of safety = 2
(a) 924.35 MN/m2
(b) 1050 MN/m2
(c) 1172.72 MN/m2
(d) 1300 MN/m2

25. A machine component is subjected to a flexural stress which fluctuates between + 300
MN/m2 and – 150 MN/m2.Determine the value of minimum ultimate strength according
to Modified Goodman relation; Take yield strength = 0.55 Ultimate strength;
Endurance strength = 0.5 Ultimate strength; and factor of safety = 2
(a) 924.35 MN/m2
(b) 1050 MN/m2
(c) 1172.72 MN/m2
(d) 1300 MN/m2

26. A bar of circular cross-section is subjected to alternating tensile forces varying from a
minimum of 200 kN to a maximum of 500 kN. It is to be manufactured of a material
with an ultimate tensile strength of 900 MPa and an endurance limit of 700 MPa.
Determine the diameter of bar using safety factors of 3.5 related to ultimate tensile
strength and 4 related to endurance limit and a stress concentration factor of 1.65 for
fatigue load. Use Goodman straight line as basis for design.
(a) 80 mm
(b) 70 mm
(c) 50 mm
(d) 63 mm

27. In cyclic loading, stress concentration is more serious in

(a) brittle materials
(b) ductile materials
(c) brittle as well as ductile materials
(d) elastic materials

28. In static loading, stress concentration is more serious in

(a) brittle materials
(b) ductile materials
(c) brittle as well as ductile materials
(d) elastic materials

29. The residential compressive stress by way of surface treatment of a machine member
subjected to fatigue loading
(a) improves the fatigue life
(b) deteriorates the fatigue life
(c) does not affect the fatigue life
(d) immediately fractures the specimen
30. If the size of a standard specimen for a fatigue testing machine is increased, the
endurance limit for the material will
(a) have same value as that of standard specimen
(b) increase
(c) decrease