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Information Systems

The term information system suggests the use
of computer technology in an organization.

Hardware
Data Information
Software

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Accounting Information Systems: Introduction
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Presentation on theme: "Accounting Information Systems:


Introduction"— Presentation transcript:

1
Accounting Information
Systems: Introduction

Aristotle’s “Nicomachean Ethics”


Objectives:
To have an overview of Accounting Information Systems;
To understand the related concepts
of transaction cycles and
internal control structure;
To agree on a ‘foundational framework’ (aka ‘mother ideas’) for BA 121

2
Information Systems The term information system suggests
the use

of computer technology in an organization.


Hardware
Data
Information
Software

3
Major
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Some of the major types of information systems

4
Information Systems Transactions Processing System (DP)

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Management Information System (MIS)
Decision Support System (DSS)
Expert System (ES) We think you have liked this presentation. If you wish to
Executive Informationdownload
System (EIS)
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Accounting Information System (AIS)
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5
A Framework for Information Systems

6
Transaction Processing Cycles

8
1. Revenue cycle
2. Expenditure cycle
3. Production cycle
4. Finance cycle Cancel
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7
Internal Control Process

Reliability of financial reporting


Effectiveness and efficiency
Compliance

8
General Model for Accounting Information Systems

The External Environment


The business organization
The Information System
Database
Management
External
Sources
of Data
Data
Collection
Data
Processing
Information
Generation
External
End-
Users
FEEDBACK
Internal
Sources
of Data
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End-
Users
FEEDBACK

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Overarching theme/purpose:

Internal
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The business organization
‘Black box’
(IS / AIS)
External 8
Sources
of Data
External
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End-
Users

10
Internal Control Process

What are the elements of internal control?


Control environment
Risk assessment
Control activities
Information and communication
Monitoring

11
Internal Control Process

Segregation of Duties:
No individual or department should
control the accounting records
relating to its own operation.
Internal Auditing:
It is an independent appraisal
activity within the organization.

12
The Accounting Function

2 impt. roles: 1) captures and records financial effects of transactions; 2)


distributes transaction info to operations personnel to coordinate tasks.
The Value of Information:
 RELIABILITY
-- relevance -- completeness -- & timeliness
-- accuracy -- summarization
ToAccounting
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 INDEPENDENCE
-- accounting activities must be separate from and independent of the
functional areas that maintain custody of physical resources.

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The I.T. Function Associated with the information resource.

Centralized Data Processing


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Distributed Data Processing (DDP):
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Lack of control of organizationwide resources
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incompatibility
Redundant tasks
Consolidating incompatible activities
Hiring qualified professionals
Lack of Standards 8
Advantages:
Cost savings; improved cost control responsibility
Increased user satisfaction
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Improved operational efficiency
Backup

14
Evolution of Information Systems Models

The Manual Process Model


The Flat-File Model
Data Storage
Data Updating
Currency of Information
Task-Data Dependency
The Database Model
The REA (Resources, Events, Agents) Model

15
The Role of the Accountant

Corporate
governance
Ethics
Accountants as Users
Accountants as System Designers
Accountants as System Auditors
External Auditing
Assurance
IT Auditing
Internal Auditing

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