Chapter 1 – Independent and Dependent Events Answer Key

1.1 Venn Diagrams

Answers

1.

2.

3. 0.45 + 0.55 = 1
4. A ∪ B = {5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14}

5. A ∩ B = {7, 21}

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Chapter 1 – Independent and Dependent Events Answer Key

6. The answer can be calculated as follows: 26 − (11 + 5 − 3) = 26 − 13 = 13

7. No, the ovals in the Venn diagram that represents this situation do not overlap, because you
cannot randomly choose a vowel and randomly choose a consonant at the same time. In
other words, a letter of the alphabet cannot be both a vowel and a consonant.

8. A ∪ B = {2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10}

9. A ∩ B = {5}

10. A = {5, 6, 10} and B = {5, 8, 9}

CK-12 Basic Probability and Statistics Concepts 2

Chapter 1 – Independent and Dependent Events Answer Key

1.2 Independent Events and Sample Spaces

Answers

1. (a) and (b) are independent. They do not affect each other.

2. (a) and (c) are independent They do not affect each other.

1 1 1
3. The probability of getting tails and a 5 is calculated as follows: 2
× 6 = 12 =
0.083 = 8.3%

4. The probability can be calculated as follows: 0.09 × 0.4 = 0.036 = 3.6%

5. The probability that the baseball player will get a hit in 5 at-bats in a row can

be calculated as follows: 0.315 = 0.31 × 0.31 × 0.31 × 0.31 × 0.31 = 0.0029 =

0.29%.

6. To get 1 head and 1 tail, you can get either a head and then a tail or a tail and

then a head. Therefore the probability can be calculated as follows:

1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1
× + × = + = = = 0.5 = 50%
2 2 2 2 4 4 4 2

7. The probability that both cards will be clubs can be calculated as follows:
13 13 1 1 1
× = × = = 0.0625 = 6.25%
52 52 4 4 16

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Chapter 1 – Independent and Dependent Events Answer Key

8. The probability that both cards will be face cards can be calculated as follows:
12 12 3 3 9
× = × = = 0.053 = 5.3%
52 52 13 13 169

9. To calculate the probability of not receiving any mail on a particular day, you

can subtract the probability of receiving mail on a particular day from 1.

Therefore, the probability of not receiving any mail for 3 days in a row can be

calculated as follows:
1 − 0.22 = 0.78
3
0.78 = 0.78 × 0.78 × 0.78 = 0.475 = 47.5%

10. To roll an 11, Johnathan can roll a 5 and a 6or a 6 and a 5. Therefore, the
1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1
probability can be calculated as follows: 6
×6+ 6
× 6 = 36 + 36 = 36 = 18 = 0.056 =
5.6%

CK-12 Basic Probability and Statistics Concepts 4

Chapter 1 – Independent and Dependent Events Answer Key

1.3 Dependent Events and Sample Spaces

Answers

1. (b) and (c) are dependent. The probability of the second event occurring

depends on the first event occurring.

2. (a) and (c) are dependent. The probability of the second event occurring

depends on the first event occurring.

27 10 270 15
3. The probability can be calculated as follows: 37
× 36 = 1332 = 74 = 0.203 = 20.3%

10 27 270 15
4. The probability can be calculated as follows: × = = = 0.203 = 20.3%
37 36 1332 74

5. The probability of drawing 2 face cards one after the other without
12 11 132 11
replacement can be calculated as follows: 52
× 51 = 2652 = 221 = 0.050 = 5.0%

13 3 39
6. The probability can be calculated as follows: 50
× 49 = 2450 = 0.016 = 1.6%

7. The coins that are not dimes are quarters, nickels, and pennies. Therefore, the

probability can be calculated as follows:

quarters + nickels + pennies = 3 + 13 + 27 = 43
43 42 1806
× = = 0.737 = 73.7%
50 49 2450

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Chapter 1 – Independent and Dependent Events Answer Key

8. The doughnuts that are not jelly are glazed and plain. Therefore, the

probability can be calculated as follows:

5 4 3 2 1 120 1
× × × × = = = 0.167 = 16.7%
6 5 4 3 2 720 6

9. The prime numbers from 1 through 20 are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, and 19.
8 7 56 14
Therefore, the probability can be calculated as follows: 20
× 19 = 380 = 95 =
0.147 = 14.7%

10. For Steve’s cards to consist of a heart and a diamond, he can draw a heart

and then a diamond or a diamond and then a heart. Therefore, the probability

can be calculated as follows:

13 13 13 13 169 169 338 169
52
× 51 + 52 × 51 = 2652 + 2652 = 2652 = 1326 = 0.127 = 12.7%

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Chapter 1 – Independent and Dependent Events Answer Key

1.4 Mutually Exclusive Events

Answers
5
1.
36

10 5
2. = 18
36

21 7
3. = 12
36

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Chapter 1 – Independent and Dependent Events Answer Key

CK-12 Basic Probability and Statistics Concepts 8

Chapter 1 – Independent and Dependent Events Answer Key
26 13
4. = 18
36

15 12 27
5. The probability of pulling out a blue or green jelly bean is calculated as follows: 37 + 37 = 37

13
6. These events are mutually exclusive. The probability can be calculated as follows: 52 +
13 26 1
52
= 52 = 2

1 1
7. These events are mutually exclusive. The probability can be calculated as follows: + =
8 8
2 1
8
=4

8. The probability is 0, since getting 3 heads and getting 3 tails are mutually exclusive events.

9. Answers will vary. One possible answer is that they are not mutually exclusive events,
because a person who is ambidextrous is both left handed and right handed.

10. Answers will vary. One possible answer is randomly choosing a girl from the freshman class
of the high school, since you cannot randomly select a boy and randomly select a girl at the
same time.

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Chapter 1 – Independent and Dependent Events Answer Key

CK-12 Basic Probability and Statistics Concepts 10

Chapter 1 – Independent and Dependent Events Answer Key

1.5 Mutually Inclusive Events

Answers
1
1.
10

5 2 1 6 3
2. The probability can be calculated as follows: 10
+ 10 − 10 = 10 = 5

13 17 30 1
3. 60
+ 60 = 60 = 2

CK-12 Basic Probability and Statistics Concepts 11

Chapter 1 – Independent and Dependent Events Answer Key

CK-12 Basic Probability and Statistics Concepts 12

Chapter 1 – Independent and Dependent Events Answer Key

4.

32 25 4 53
a. 71
+ 71 − 71 = 71
18
b.
71

5. These events are mutually inclusive. The probability can be calculated as follows:
13 12 3 22 11
52
+ 52 − 52 = 52 = 26

5 5 3 7
6. The probability can be calculated as follows: 10 + 10 − 10 = 10

7 5 2 10 5
7. The probability can be calculated as follows: 26 + 26 − 26 = 26 = 13

8. Answers will vary. One possible answer is that they are mutually inclusive events, since a person
who is a teacher can also be a father.

9. Answers will vary. One possible answer is getting an A on the test, since you can pass the test and
get an A on the test at the same time.

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Chapter 1 – Independent and Dependent Events Answer Key

10. The factors of 8 are 1, 2, 4, and 8, while the factors of 10 are 1, 2, 5, and 10. Therefore, the
4 4 2 6 3
probability can be calculated as follows: 10 + 10 − 10 = 10 = 5

CK-12 Basic Probability and Statistics Concepts 14