● Where is the hormone produced?

● What is its effect in the body?

● Which cells in the body are affected?
● Can these hormones be used in health care, if 'yes' then explain how?
Thyroxine-

Thyroid is produced in the thyroid gland, which is located in the neck just below the larynx.

The primary effect of thyroid hormone is to increase the metabolic rate of cells throughout
the body. This means that cells consume more energy, which can lead to an increase in
body heat production, and an increase in the rate at which nutrients and oxygen are
metabolized and used for energy.

Thyroid hormone affects many different types of cells in the body, but it has a particularly
strong effect on cells that are involved in regulating metabolism, such as those in the liver,
muscle, and adipose tissue.

Thyroid hormone can be used in healthcare to treat conditions such as hypothyroidism,

which is a condition where the thyroid gland does not produce enough hormone. In such
cases, doctors may prescribe synthetic thyroid hormone to help restore normal metabolic
function in affected individuals.
and also hyperthyroidism

Leptin-
leptin is a hormone produced primarily in fat cells, but it is also produced in other tissues
throughout the body. Its primary effect in the body is to regulate energy balance by acting as
a feedback signal to the brain to reduce food intake and increase energy expenditure.

Leptin affects several types of cells in the body, including neurons in the brain, adipose
tissue, muscle, liver, and pancreatic beta-cells.

In healthcare, leptin deficiency is a rare condition that can lead to severe obesity and
metabolic abnormalities. In these cases, synthetic leptin can be used as a treatment to help
regulate energy balance and improve metabolic health. However, leptin is not commonly
used in healthcare as a weight-loss treatment, as leptin resistance is more often a
contributing factor to obesity than leptin deficiency.

Melatonin-
The hormone melatonin is primarily produced in the pineal gland, which is located in the
brain. Specifically, it is synthesized from the amino acid tryptophan.

Melatonin's primary effect in the body is to help regulate the body's sleep-wake cycle, or
circadian rhythm. It does this by acting as a signal to the brain that it is time to sleep.
Melatonin levels increase in the evening and decrease in the morning, helping to
synchronize the body's internal clock with the external environment.

Melatonin affects several types of cells in the body, including neurons in the brain, as well as
cells in the immune system and the digestive system.
In healthcare, melatonin supplements are commonly used as a sleep aid, particularly for
individuals with sleep disorders such as insomnia or jet lag. Melatonin supplements can help
regulate the sleep-wake cycle and promote more restful sleep. Additionally, there is some
evidence that melatonin may have other health benefits, such as reducing inflammation and
improving immune function, although more research is needed to fully understand these
effects.