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  • Asthma - Patho, Signs & Symptoms

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    Baebee Lou
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    Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the bronchi and bronchioles that causes periodic flare-ups or acute attacks. During an asthma attack, there are two key events: 1) bronchoconstriction where the bronchi become inflamed and very tight, and 2) wet, mucus-filled lungs due to excessive mucus production. The signs and symptoms of an asthma attack include accessory muscle use, shortness of breath, tight chest, wheezing, diminished breath sounds, and prolonged exhalation. A key sign of a severe asthma attack called status asthmaticus is called pulsus paradoxus, which is a drop in systolic blood pressure of more than 10 mmHg during inhalation

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    Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the bronchi and bronchioles that causes periodic flare-ups or acute attacks. During an asthma attack, there are two key events: 1) bronchoconstriction where the bronchi become inflamed and very tight, and 2) wet, mucus-filled lungs due to excessive mucus production. The signs and symptoms of an asthma attack include accessory muscle use, shortness of breath, tight chest, wheezing, diminished breath sounds, and prolonged exhalation. A key sign of a severe asthma attack called status asthmaticus is called pulsus paradoxus, which is a drop in systolic blood pressure of more than 10 mmHg during inhalation

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    302 views1 page

    Asthma - Patho, Signs & Symptoms

    Uploaded by

    Baebee Lou
    Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the bronchi and bronchioles that causes periodic flare-ups or acute attacks. During an asthma attack, there are two key events: 1) bronchoconstriction where the bronchi become inflamed and very tight, and 2) wet, mucus-filled lungs due to excessive mucus production. The signs and symptoms of an asthma attack include accessory muscle use, shortness of breath, tight chest, wheezing, diminished breath sounds, and prolonged exhalation. A key sign of a severe asthma attack called status asthmaticus is called pulsus paradoxus, which is a drop in systolic blood pressure of more than 10 mmHg during inhalation

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 1

    Asthma

    Pediatrics: Respiratory

    Pathophysiology
    Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder in the major pathways of the lungs:
    Bronchi & Bronchioles. It comes & goes with flare-ups in the form of asthma attacks
    that are reversible!

    MEMORY TRICK During an asthma attack, 2 key things happen:


    A - Asthma 1. Bronchoconstriction:
    A - Acute Attacks that come & go Bronchi puff up with inflammation & get VERY tight.
    2. Wet, mucus filled lungs:
    Excessive mucus production from goblet cells that line the
    #1 #2 respiratory tract.
    Bronchoconstriction wet & mucus filled

    PRIORITY! Since the respiratory tract is so constricted that oxygen cannot get
    in & CO2 cannot get out, resulting in air trapping and making it hard to exhale.

    Signs & Symptoms

    Top Missed NCLEX Question:


    A Accessory muscle use
    Critical Sign: Paradoxical Breathing

    S
    Which child in the pediatric unit
    SOB & dyspnea
    should the nurse see first?
    Critical Sign: Single word dyspnea

    T
    1. 8 year old with cystic fibrosis
    Tight CHEST & Tachypnea presenting with fever &
    green sputum

    H
    2. 10 year old with croup
    presenting with a barking
    High-pitched wheezing cough & tachypnea
    3. 6 year old with acute asthma

    M
    exacerbation suddenly has
    no wheezing
    Minimal “diminished breath sounds”
    4. 11 year old with new

    A
    tachycardia & anxiety after
    albuterol nebulizer treatment
    3 As 6 year old
    Absent Breath Sounds (Silent Chest) PRIORITY
    Acidosis (CO2 retention)
    Air trapping - Prolonged exhalation

    Critical Complications Key Sign of Status Asthmaticus Test Tip

    Hypercapnic respiratory failure = HIGH CO2 Pulsus paradoxus 150

    100
    Pulsus paradoxus

    Drop in systolic blood pressure


    Hyper Capnic = High Carbon dioxide
    50

    More than 10 mmHg


    1. Decrease in stroke volume
    2. Decrease in systolic blood pressure
    (systolic squeeze)
    ABG (Arterial Blood Gas) 0₂
    0₂

    0₂
    0₂ 3. Pulse wave amplitude during inspiration
    pH less than 7.35 = Acidosis
    PaCO2 - Over 45 = Acidosis
    PaO2 - Less than 80! = Hypoxic

    * 1st Sign of Hypoxia = Mental Status Change Patho: increased negative pressure > 10 mmHg
    1. Agitation PRIORITY
    within the lungs puts a lot of added 90
    2. Restlessness NCLEX TIP
    3. Drowsiness pressure on the left ventricle,
    Status Asthmaticus NCLEX TIP making it difficult for the heart to
    1. Endotracheal Intubation pump oxygen rich blood to the body.

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