CONCEPT 1

The Level of Performance of Police Community Relation in Bacolod City

against Crime and Criminality

CONCEPT 2

Level of Performance of Police Community Relation of TreceMartires City Component

Police Station against Crime and Criminality

CONCEPT 3

The profile of 1st year BS Criminology students of University of Negros Occidental

Recoletos: An Assessment of their choice decision

By:

Judipher Caranzo

Emmanuel Mendoza

Karl Pabiania

Angela Tiopes

SECTION: P32

APRIL 1 2023 (SATURDAY)

PRESENTER NUMBER

1
 Level of Performance on Police Community Relations in

Bacolod City against Crime and Criminality

Concept paper presented

To the faculty of the College of Criminal Justice Education

University of Negros Occidental Recoletos

By:

Angela Tiopes

Emmanuel Mendoza

Karl Pabiania

Judipher Caranzo

December 2023
 Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

Policing is a social contract, where citizens give up certain liberties in exchange for

protection. If one party doesn't hold up their end of the bargain, the contract is broken, causing

mistrust in the community, and preventing citizens from going to the police when crime occurs.

Essential for keeping the community safe (Gerard Tate, 2021), the citizens of the community

and the police force becomes in partnership to create and implement solutions for safety and

security (Parson & Kremling, 2021). This is the reason why police-community relations are

important where officers involve the public and use tools to effectively interact with them and

to successfully do their job (Schmalleger, 2014). The positive interaction will create a positive

perception of the police because the legitimacy of the state like in North Korea, Sudan,

Vietnam, or China, where security forces play repressive or oppressive roles, hinges on them

(Gordon, 2001). The negative interaction of practicing excessive force among citizens across

America, for example, has only exacerbated this misrepresentation of today’s police policing

(Malcolm, 2017).

In the Philippines, the Philippine National Police is a constituent of the community it

protects. The community which serves as a source of support and complaints for the police,

they too act as the final judge of the quality of police work and the efficiency of the police

force. Good relationships with the community are necessary, but they cannot be the only job of

the police or any other single criminal justice system institution (Leyaley, 2021).

Understanding the concept of police-community relationships (PCRs) is essential to

comprehend the function of police in society and how communities can support the police in

carrying out their duties as successfully as possible. For instance, the police must cooperate
with locals and view them as participants in the same community in order to efficiently carry

out their tasks of crime control, peace/order maintenance, traffic control, and emergency

management. Residents will withdraw their cooperation and discontent will rule in that

community if they have reason to suspect the police or view them as an army of occupation. In

a democratic society, the legitimacy of the police must be established through two-way

partnerships with the community (Dempsey & Forst 2008). Talisay City in Negros Occidental

enumerated three components that will result in long-term success in preventing and controlling

crimes in coordination with the local community. These are organizational transformation,

community partnership, and transformative aspects of the community policing movement

(Guadalquiver, 2018). The only solution on the numbers of crimes exists in the community is

the presence to ensure the security of the community and for the citizen feels safe

(Guadalquiver, 2023).

Relevant studies regarding police-community relations highlight the relationships

between the community and the police (Bailey, Mace, Powell, & Benson, 2015; Gaines, 2015;

IACP, 2015; Koper, 2014) and the trust the community has in the police force (Ravulo, 2016).

However, these studies lacked focus on how the level of police performance can successfully

lessen the crime and criminality which exist in their areas of responsibility. This is the gap that

the present study wishes to fill in.

The researchers who are also part of the community have been exposed during the

internship to how police stations do things in support of the programs and services pertaining to

community policing. Thus, this study aims to know the level of performance on the police

community relations as a component of the police stations in Bacolod City to prevent crime and

criminality in the community. The data gathered will serve as motivation for the police officers
to improve their performance on community relations and will be basis for an awareness

activity on police community initiatives.

Statement of the problem

This study aims to know the level of performance of police community relations in

preventing crime and criminality.

Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:

1. What are the Demographic profile of the respondents in terms of the following?

a. Sex

b. Age

c. Civil Status

d. Educational Attainment

e. Occupation

f. Years in the Residence

2. What is the level of the performance on police-community relations when respondents are

taken as a whole and classified according to:

a. Sex

b. Age

c. Civil Status

d. Educational Attainment

e. Occupation

f. Years in the Residence

3. Is there a significant difference in the level of performance on the police community

relations for crime and criminality?

Hypothesis

The research hypotheses in this study are stated as:

1. There is no significant difference in the level of performance on the Police Community

Relations of Bacolod City against Crime and Criminality as perceived by the participants.

Theoretical Background and Related Literature

Theoretical Framework

This study is anchored on the various theories that will support the level of performance

of police community relations in Bacolod City against crime and criminality. This will include

the following theories of (Robert Peel 1829), (Totikidis 2004) and (Boateng 2018). These are

Theory of Community Policing, Community Governance Theory and The Performance theory.

According to (Robert Peel 1829) Theory of Community Policing, this theory introduced

principles with possibilities of crime prevention without heavy intrusion into people’s lives. It

sets focus on trust building among citizenry who have broader security concerns and crime

prevention. Peel believed that the more people become aware of the tasks and responsibilities

of the police through proper cooperation with the former, the more security issues are

addressed. Approaches to broaden the police mandate to address wider security concerns,

including fear of crime, social or physical disorder, and neighborhood problems include

enabling officers to cooperate with the residents to identify priorities and help solve problems.
 In relation to the study, this theory speaks of how the public can help revalidate the

performance of police officers in terms of reaching out to them leading to an effective service.

The police officers who were required to utilize their public relations can muster their courage

and be more wary of the needs of the citizens. The more favorable their performance in

community relations, the more they can solicit the community’s trust enabling them to be assets

in promoting peace and order in their area of responsibility.

According to (Totikidis 2004) Community Governance Theory which is primarily

concerned with the ability of community governance to function well through the positive

interaction of the human capital including those in the government, organizational resources

and social capital which can be tapped to solve general and collective issues and challenges of

the community towards the achievement of an enhanced well-being of the community,

improving resilience and advancement of community amenities.

An emerging model of governance gaining popularity within the public and community

sectors is Community Governance. Community governance is sometimes used to refer to

community participation, engagement and decision making in public matters and is related to

terms such as local governance, social governance, network governance and participatory

governance. Community governance is an important concept that needs further clarification.

The idea of community governance as people working together is a commonly held view in

defining community governance as collaboration. Community governance, they explain is

based on the recognition that the complex issues facing communities cannot be solved by any

one person or sector alone but requires collaboration. As such, it brings together a broad range

of stakeholders – community residents, elected officials, businesses, civic, faith, health and

human service, and professional services.

 Another theory according to (Boateng 2018) The Performance theory this performance

model is one of the most widely utilized perspectives to explain the sources of public trust in

institutions; This theory has macro and micro dimensions where the macro performance

examines disparities in trust between countries over time due to changes in unemployment

rates, economic growth, inflation, political stability, and other factors. Following this aspect of

the theory, the police can be evaluated, as a critical component of criminal justice, by looking

at the overall crime rates, insecurity, levels of fear of crime, and neighborhood disorder. Micro-

performance theory, on the other hand, emphasizes variations in trust to changes in the quality

of, or perception of service delivery of a specific institution, where actual service delivery

determines trust reactions identified the quality of service, the existence of service, and the

level of service as indicators for judging the micro-performance of any institution.

This aspect of the theory contends that public expectations of the police in controlling

crime, reducing fear of crime, and offering essential services determine the degree to which the

public trusts the police. Accordingly, the public reacts negatively if the police fail to control

crime, are incompetent in dealing with crime problems, and inadequately provide required

services. In contrast, if the police successfully combat crime, they will gain public trust and

confidence and the public’s help and support. Thus, the police’s ability or inability to engage in

effective crime control and service provision is seen as driving the valence of public

evaluations of trust in the police. However, micro explanations are more reliable if individuals

or residents are well-informed about the institution under investigation. As a result, scholars

preferred micro performance theory to explain public trust in local police, as the local police

maintain intimate interactions with people.

 Concerning the developing countries’ context, few studies revealed that police

effectiveness in controlling crime determines citizens’ trust in police and officers’ treatment of

citizens with respect and dignity, neighborhood disorder, and police corruption or misconduct.

However, the generalizability of the above evidence to other societies is limited in different

ways: first, the assumptions of performance theory are primarily tested in western societies,

which hinders the ability of a theory to achieve global acceptance in explaining citizens’ trust

in the police; second, because the evidence from these societies itself shows conflicting results,

showing that either performance model alone is not a sufficient factor in determining trust in

the police; and third, these studies have only taken into account the perspectives of citizens, not

those of the police when describing what influences public-citizen trust relationships. Thus, the

current study examined public trust in the police and investigated the applicability of the

performance model in explaining trust in the police.

Demographic characteristics

(Kukar 2002), conducted a study on “Gender and Police Officer’s Perceptions of their

Job Performance: An Analysis of the Relationship Between Gender and Perceptions of Job

Performance” that surveyed a total number of 217 male and female officers. The study results

show that both the male and female officers perceive themselves equally University of Negros

Occidental 12 qualified to carry out tasks that are required in law enforcement and which

involves administration and supervision works. While in terms of performance and age, it was

stated that a person’s job does not necessarily suffer just because a person gets older (Suttle

2020). However, it is believed that there might be some correlation between the person’s age

and diminished job performance in certain job tasks. Another article by the BBC News entitled,

“How Aging affects your Ability” stated that aging is likely to affect job performance
particularly if the job requires sensory perception, selective attention, processing of

information, working memory, physical strength or rapid reaction on things. According to a

study made by (Jacobs et al. 1990), which investigated the relationship between seniority and

job performance showed that seniority had a nonsignificant linear contribution across the entire

range and scope of seniority values. Another research also suggested that male and female

officers who differ from their level of education, ranks and years of experience work equally on

their jobs and that there are no significant differences in their job performances, capabilities,

and administration skills. Based on a study entitled, Stress Management Among Police Officers

in Batangas City, Philippines, shows that the civil status who got the highest frequency are

single officers which got a percentage of 69.0 and followed by married officers with a

percentage of 30.3, and 0.6 for widowed officer. This result suggests that officer who are single

are entirely focused on their job which is to take care of the community and maintain the peace

and order (Gutierrez, et al., 2015). It also contradicts with the results shown on the study of

(Sombrio et al., 2017), which reveals that most of the participants were married, and they are

focused on promoting peace and order, and in doing their work on both University of Negros

Occidental 13 administrative and operations. This shows that married police officers are more

inspired to implement and promote the programs to fight against crime and criminality.

Performance Evaluation System

A performance evaluation system is administered for the Philippine National Police

(PNP) members. This is to assess and measure the individual efficiency of the PNP. While

based on the rules and regulations and a code of professional conduct and ethical standards

approved by the national police commission (NAPOLCOM) for the members of the police

organization. The scope and frequency of the rating assesses the performance of individual
police personnel based on his contributions to the attainment of peace and order in his area of

responsibility, in terms of skills competencies and attitude towards work. Supervisors'

performance evaluation is measured through their work coordination, initiative, sensitivity,

concern for human rights, etc. Work coordination measures the necessary coordination of

University of Negros Occidental 17 work involving other employees, sections, divisions, or

departments, including preplanning, timing, and consistent excellence of work judgment. The

initiative refers to the initiation of efficient action, which takes opportunities to offer practical

suggestions and constructive criticism. While sensitivity and concern for human rights refer to

the degree to which the police officer observes concern for human rights: democratic principles

and ideals and his ability to proceed towards organizational goals and objectives. Performance

evaluation for non-supervisor measurement involves punctuality and attendance, work

judgment knowledge, etc. The Philippine National Police (PNP) faces myriad challenges,

spanning governance, corruption, and national security threats. Hence, securing a solid

leadership pipeline equipped to face these challenges and strengthen policing effectiveness and

overall security sector reforms is crucial. According to a study conducted in the National

Capital Region (NCR), some of the main factors that both build or erode key leadership

qualities and performance in the PNP namely personality traits, organizational culture,

demographic profile, and professional history. The results show that personality facets of

openness, agreeableness, and neuroticism, as well as number of transfers, area of assignment,

training on managerial skills, age and education level are all factors for good performance for

officers in the PNP National Capital Region Police Office. These findings emphasize the

importance of training and mentoring components in preparing young officers and recruits for

the rigors of service. It also underscores the need for a deeper analysis of recruitment and
selection policies, to ensure that the PNP successfully attracts the strongest candidates with the

right leadership characteristics and building blocks for service (Mendoza, 2021)

On August 5, 2019, Bacolod City Police Office (BCPO) were recognized for achieving

the highest rating on crime clearance and crime solution efficiency in Western Visayas in the

first and second quarters of the year. Based from the records of PRO-6 it showed that BCPO

garnered 90.90 percent for the crime clearance efficiency, wherein all cases were filed against

those identified suspects, though they were not arrested. And for the crime solution efficiency,

the city police force got 85.03 percent which means that all suspects were arrested and charged

for their crimes. According to PRO-6, the accomplishment of the BCPO led to the attainment

of its mission and vision that aims for a safe and peaceful region (Masculino, 2019).

Locally, the Negros Occidental Police Provincial Office (NOCPPO) has topped the

Unit Performance Evaluation Rating (UPER) among the other eight units under the Police

Regional Office-Western Visayas (PRO-6) in the first quarter of 2022. According to NOCPPO

spokesperson Lt. Abegael Donasco, the accomplishment can be credited to the support and

cooperation of the police stations in all 31 cities and municipalities in the province. For the last

two months, the NOCPPO dominated the ratings in becoming the number one in Western

Visayas, with total scores of 94.31 percent and 94.43 percent in February and March,

respectively. In January, NOCPPO placed second with a rating of 92.38 percent slightly behind

Bacolod City Police Office, which placed number one (Guadalquiver, 2022).

Review of Related Literature

Partnership with the community in crime prevention is one of the quests of the

Philippine National Police. This will enable them to work together to help prevent crimes from
happening. Law enforcement can gain success once crimes are decreased and no longer

happens. The community must be proactive in responding to the call of the police officers in

solving crimes and resolving critical issues attached to crimes in their locale (Guadalquiver,

2018). Galmes (2015) reiterates that lack of coordination between police and the community

may also lead to compromised victim response experiences.

The International Association of Chiefs Police (IACP) in 2015 emphasized that

partnering with local enforcement agencies can lead them to meet the success towards a

peaceful community. They further noted that community-oriented policing practices can prove

positive impacts on the community. Some researchers believe the way to improve policing

practices is to focus on geographical areas known to have criminal activity (Koper, 2014).

Ravulo (2016) on the other note, believe that public trust, especially those of minorities,

is a cornerstone of effective policing. Maintaining trust requires continuous effort and can only

be accomplished through multiple components coming together in systemic, department-wide

efforts. Even then, just one perceived wrongdoing may reverse much positive work. The police

force acknowledges the need to work together with the community in building a more peaceful

environment.

The relationship of police with the community is essential to measure their task

performance especially in omitting crimes. A study made by (Rosenbaum et al. 2017) found

that police-community interactions are ways to communicate empathy, willingness to

cooperate, and trustworthiness.

Talking about trust, the police officers in one of the western countries were part of the

study made by (Melkamu and Teshome 2023), and showcased procedural justice and

community policing as underlying assumptions of their performances. It was found out that

police officers have to communicate with the community to enhance trust and to improve their
relationships. Also, they were expected to exert authority procedurally, exercise fair and

respectful policing, and undertake activities that positively strengthen their relationship with the

community. All these will form part of crime prevention.

According to (Mussa 2019), the community policing initiatives and interventions are

useful contributors to crime prevention in Tanzania. Initiatives by civilian security patrol

groups were more successful than other interventions. Such initiatives promoted fruitful

interaction between police officers and civilians. Inadequate knowledge, absence of clear

guidelines and strategies, poor public advocacy programs, unpreparedness of police officers,

financial constraints, selfish inclinations of some politicians and differences in political

ideologies were the main challenges holding back the smooth implementation of community

policing initiatives.

The primary role of the police is to enforce the law, such that, police are expected to be

nononsense in the administration of law enforcement and maintenance of order. Police face

multiple social ills such as crimes, drugs, civil unrest, and in some instance brutality of their

own colleagues in the force of some suspects (Trojanowicz & Bucqueroux, 2018 ).

In the Philippines, the structure of political-economic setup affects government’s fight

against the insurgencies in the countryside. Largely, the Philippines structures of neoliberalism

with widespread poverty resulted in widening in the social gap between the rich and the poor

marking huge inequality in the distribution of wealth which feed the revolutionary movement

in the country (Lindio-Mcgovern, 2020).

The Police Community Relation is a successful partnership of community volunteers,

Police, and government officials, working cooperatively to identify and deal with crime and

quality of life within the neighborhood. Often said that it is the “eyes” and “ears” of the

community responding to citizen’s concerns relating to crime and public safety, implementing
crime prevention initiatives, and maintaining the quality of life regulate in the community.

(Alarcon, 2016)

The crime analysis starts with collecting a wide variety of information from different

information sources. According to (Lyman 1988) and (Gottlieb et al. 1994), the collection

process involves gathering information on people and places that are believed to be associated

with criminal activity, but before there is sufficient probable cause for an arrest. Since one of

the primary objectives of the investigation of crime is collecting crime information, the

investigator should consider the importance of developing a broad understanding of all the

relevant aspects related to the collection of crime information for the investigation of crime.

It is essential to gain as much detailed information as possible when it comes to

investigation. However, it is not always helpful to have too much intelligence. At the

beginning of each inquiry, agents and officers should set the priorities for intelligence review

and collection, efficient time and work to extract evidence from different data sources, and

allocate resources to other investigative activities. Artificial intelligence technology enables

law enforcement to meet this challenge by increasing information processing (Wagner et al.,

2019).

Despite progress in combating crime and terrorism, many countries continue to suffer from

high crime rates, both evident in urban and rural areas (Smith & Malinowski, 2018). The

citizens of these various countries are dealing with serious problems, particularly violence.

Concerning this, the law enforcement agencies agree that there are compelling reasons that led

to the changes in policies and police activities. Moreover, as social order has changed and

crime is increasing, it impacted the communities in different aspects (Clark, 2018). In a global
setting, the police agency confronted many difficulties like the development and innovation of

new strategies in dealing with criminals and preventing crime; the reason why police should

use a proactive approach rather than a reactive method of policing in making steps of crime

prevention (Mutemwa et al., 2017). Crime prevention includes measures and strategies that

aim to reduce the risk of crimes occurring and their potentially harmful effects on society and

individuals. These measures can be implemented by cooperation from individuals,

communities, businesses, government, and non- government organizations.

 17

This is intended to target various individual, social and environmental factors that increase the

possibility of crime, disorder and victimization (Camilleri, 2018). In today's technology and

data-driven society, digital content is becoming a key driver of police intelligence and

investigation in collecting information. By using artificial intelligence technology, law

enforcement can use, analyze, and process digital data sources, such as mobile phones, social

media profiles, and video surveillance footage (Sauerwein et al., 2017).

Conceptual Framework

The diagrams show the flow of crime prevention through the interaction of police and

community. The community with inclusive demographic variables namely age, sex,

educational attainment, civil status, occupation, and number of years in the residence will

assess the performance of the police officers in terms of community relations as a component in

every police stations in terms of reducing crime rates. The data which will be analyzed will

then provide a clear understanding on the part of the police officers whether or not they have

served the community well by promoting their fruitful interaction with them through social

responsibility.

COMMUNITY
a. Sex Level of Performance
b. Age Awareness Activity on
c. Civil Status on Police Community
Police-Community
d. Educational
Relations Initiatives
Attainment
e. Occupation
f. Years of
residents
 18

Figure 1. Schematic Diagram of the Conceptual Framework

Scope of the Study

This study evaluates the level of performance of the police community relations on how

the police stations deal with crime and criminality in the community. The scope of this study is

only on Baranggay, Villamonte, Bacolod City one of the Barangay’s which is under the area of

responsibility of Police Station 4. The researchers aim to know how the community assesses

their performance in terms of conducting crime prevention in their community utilizing

community relations.

Significance of the Study

Police stations. The result of the study can be beneficial to the different police stations

in Bacolod City as this will form a baseline through the enhancement of crime prevention

utilizing the lenses of the people. The results of the study may help them to serve the

community more effectively and to render a quality service to them.

Police officers. The police officers can gain an insight from the result of this study and

use the assessment to respond immediately and improved their performance. The study also

serves as a platform wherein they can express their thoughts and assess their performance.

Community. The results of the study may help the community for the awareness on the

performance of the police service in the community and on jurisdiction of the police stations in

Bacolod City. The study may improve good police community relations in developing trust

between police and citizens.

 19

Philippine national police. The study may give rise to deepening and expanding the

engagement of the PNP and make community engagement not only desirable ones, but those

which are necessary and viable as it is likely to lead to more equitable, sustainable public

decisions and improve the live ability of local communities.

Researchers. The results of this study will provide additional information and

knowledge to the present researchers.

Future Researchers. The result of this study will serve as a reference material that

provides information and knowledge as a basis for the researchers who will conduct similar or

related study

Definition of Terms

For ease of the terminologies used in this study, operational and conceptual definitions

are given.

Performance. Conceptually, it means a particular result obtained in management,

marketing, economics, etc., that print features of competitiveness, efficiency, and effectiveness

of the organization and its procedural and structural components (Verboncu et al., 2005)

Operationally, it refers to the understanding and assessment of how effective and

efficient the PNP in assessing their performance against crime and criminality.

Crime. Conceptually, it is the intentional commission of an act usually deemed socially

harmful or dangerous and specifically defined, prohibited, and punishable under criminal law.
 20

Most countries have enhanced their criminal codes, but the source of many other criminal-law

systems remains unmodified.

Operatinally, it’s a report on the Police Stations of the person that committed crime.

Criminality is the quality or state of being a criminal. There are common factors that

characterize individuals who commit crimes. Crime theories depend on basic assumptions

about human nature.

Operatonally, criminality is a number of crime that breaks the law in the area of

responsibility.

Community is the overall of the operations that allow the criminal justice system to

integrate itself with the society it has pledged to serve rather than remaining merely a punitive

regulatory body imposed on the populace. Community relations today imply that both the

citizen components are required to reduce crime in the community.

Opeartinally, it’s an area of responsibility of a Police Station

Philippine National Police is an organization that part of the community it serves.

Every police officer must be concerned with the community. It consistently follows a strong

feeling of duty, politeness, and honesty in his daily actions. The way someone portrays

themselves to the public may frequently make or break a service. But to be respected, courtesy

must be combined with determination.

Operationally, it’s a group of organization that utilize the crime prevention in the nation

doing a steps on the how community can achieve peace in order.

 21

Police Station is a building that serves to accommodate the Police Officers and other

staffs of the Service of Police. It is established for the overall administration of the Police

Service for the safety and security of the civilians of a community.

Operationally, Police Station is a place where people report a crime and comply to a

person committed an violation that against the law in the area of responsibility of Police Station

Chapter 2

METHODOLOGY

The methodology describes and explains the different procedures including research

design, respondents of the study, research instrument, and data gathering procedure, as well as

the statistical treatment and analysis.

Research Design

In this study the researcher wants to determine the Level of Performance on Police

Community Relations in Bacolod City against Crime and Criminality. The researcher used the

d that describes systematically, factually, accurately and objectively a situation or problem.

Descriptive research designs help provide answers to the questions of who, what, when, where,

and how associated with a particular research problem; a descriptive study cannot conclusively

ascertain answers to why. According to McCombes (2019), descriptive research aims to

describe a population, situation, or phenomenon accurately and systematically. It can provide

answers to what, where, when, and how questions, but specifically not why questions.

Descriptive research is valuable when conducting research whose aim is to identify the

characteristics, trends, correlations, frequencies, and categories (Formplus, 2020)

 22

Descriptive Method was usually the best method for gathering information about the

present existing condition. The descriptive method is fact- finding, with adequate interpretation,

it explains and describes something more than just data gathering because it describes the

current condition of the situation that exists especially in the field of Policing and Community

Relations.

Respondents of the Study

The aim of the study is to determine the Level of Performance on the Police

Community Relations in the Brgy, Villamonte Bacolod City which composed of one hundred

fifty (150) private citizens in the community that will be chosen manually to be the participants

of this study who willingly answered the survey questionnaire based on their observation on the

implementation of the programs about the Police Community Relations of Police Station 4

against crime and criminality.

Measures

This study utilized a Standardized questionnaire to gather the data. The questionnaire was

divided into two parts namely:

Part 1 of the questionnaire were the demographic profile of the respondents. This included

the respondents name as an optional sex, age, civil Status , educational Attainment, occupation,

years in the residence.

 23

Part 2 of the questionnaire were the survey checklist consisting statement regarding the

level of performance of Police Community Relations against crime and criminality and for the

respondents to assess the Police Station performance.

The researcher used the 5-point Likert scale in determining the level of performance in

Police Community Relations in Bacolod City against Crime and Criminality of PS4. Listed

below are the scale and interpretation utilized in this study.

Part 1- DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF THE RESPONDENTS

Part 2- Determining the Level of PERFORMANCE IN POLICE COMMUNITY RELATIONS IN

BACOLOD CITY AGAINST CRIME AND CRIMINALITY

Numerical Scale Mean Verbal Verbal Interpretation

Range Description
5 4.50 – 5.00 Always Means the execution of

performance is far above the

standards. (Very High)

4 3.50 – 4.49 Often Means the execution of

performance is above standards.

(High)

3 2.50 – 3.49 Sometimes Means the execution of

performance meets the standards.

(Moderate)
 24

2 1.50 – 2.49 Rarely Means the execution of

performance meets the standards.

(Low)

1 1.00 – 1.49 Never Means the execution of

performance meets the standards.

(Very Low)

Procedures

Data Collection Procedures

In gathering the necessary information and data for this study, the researchers' initial

step was to prepare a letter prior to the conduct of the study which was reviewed, endorsed and

noted by the Research adviser, Research Professor and the Dean of the College of Criminal

Justice and Education which permitted the student to conduct the study at specific research

settings. The signed letters were then given to the residence of Baranggay Villamonte, Bacolod

City. The researchers provided details on the intention and purpose of conducting the study.

When approved, the researchers acted according to the terms and protocols provided by the

PNP officer or station representative.

Then the researchers asked permission from the respondents to take part in answering

the survey- Checklist. Upon approval, the researcher assisted the respondents if they have any

queries or clarifications prior to the questionnaire and had given enough time for the

respondents to answer the questionnaire. A few hours and days later, the retrieval of the
 25

questionnaire were done through in-person collection wherein researchers went to the police

station’s location to collect the data. After retrieval of the questionnaires, they are tabulated,

sent to the statistician for statistical interpretation, and when the results were established, it was

analyzed and interpreted based on the problems and hypothesis formulated.

Data Analysis Procedures

After the data collection of this study, the result was then tabulated analyzed, and

interpreted with the help of a statistician.

For problem number 1, the demographic profile of the respondents, the researchers

utilized percentage to provide description to their profiles.

For problem number 2, the result of the extent level of performance of police community

relations against crime and criminality where taken as a whole. The mean and standard

deviation were used.

Statistical Treatment

For problem 1, the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of age, sex, civil

status, educational attainment, occupation, years in the residence and, frequency and

percentage will use.

For problem 2, the level of performance in police community relations as perceived by

the respondents when grouped according to age, sex, civil status, educational attainment,

occupation, years in the residence, mean will use.

 26

For problem 3, which seeks to find out the significant difference in the level of Police

community relations against crime and criminality as perceived by the respondents, the mean

and standard deviation will use.

Ethical Considerations

In the conduct of this study, the confidentiality of the data gathered were observed.

The researchers made sure that the respondents of this study are well- informed, consented,

respected and any inquiry or issues encountered during the conduct of the study were

addressed immediately. In addition, the researchers ensured to accurately collect and analyze

the data gathered without manipulation on the results

 27

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