Who’s Reporting?

Arsenio Avila III Mc Alryn Patindol Richard Arriesgado Mae-chie Alcomendras Marco Sean Mutia Ryan Rey Pescador Jade Alexis Atis

MANAGE REPORTERS
IPM in Rice
Reporting in CRP002

CONTENT:
CONTENT:
 INTRODUCTION
Rice is the staple food crop for more than half of the
world's population though it's cultivation is done in only
11% of the world's cultivable land. Several pests attack rice
in different ways at different stages. Increased reliance on
pesticides for pest control is found to be unsustainable and
cost-ineffective. So, Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
has been introduced as the best alternative for pest
management in rice. IPM in rice helps to minimize risks to
the environment and human health. Rice IPM uses the
combination of cultural, use of resistant varieties,
biological, physical, and chemical practices for pest control.
Farmers Field School has been the most effective way to
increase IPM knowledge among rice farmers.

INTRODUCTION Part i
 IRRI IPM Farmer Participatory
Research
Site selection of applied research
phase. The regional sites are the focal
points. One of the several neighboring
villages with a history of pest problems
and heavy pesticide use should be
selected because farmers there will be
more receptive.

IRRI IPM Farmer Participatory Research Part 1

 IRRI IPM Farmer Participatory
Research
Team formation. Teams are formed at
the regional and national levels. The
team involve research, surveillance,
extension organizations and farmers.
National team coordinates, support the
regional teams financially, logistically
and technologically.

IRRI IPM Farmer Participatory Research Part 1

 IRRI IPM Farmer Participatory
Research
Site description. This includes
information on biological, physical,
sociological, and economic aspects of
the target site to develop strategies.
Extension workers, researchers, and
farmers in the area should be consulted
about, soil, weather, agronomic
features and pest problems.

IRRI IPM Farmer Participatory Research Part 1

 IRRI IPM Farmer Participatory
Research
Research design for pest management strategies:
• Understand farmer’s crop production and pest control practices,
• Farmer surveys and other onsite data gathering activities,
• Assessment of pest control technology,
• Determine farmer’s production and pest control practices that will be
economically changed to produce profitable and stable yield,
• Assess cultural control methods that can be fitted into farmer’s system,
• Conduct meeting with the farmers in the village to discuss farmers’
practices and conduct field trial to test potential practices,
• Discuss pest-resistant varieties not grown in area to know the reasons,
and
• Assess measures to conserve natural enemies with farmers.

IRRI IPM Farmer Participatory Research Part 1

 IRRI IPM Farmer Participatory
Research
Testing. Separate trials on weed,
disease, insect and vertebrate pest
control discipline. Results will be
examined and analyzed by researchers
from other disciplines. The farmers
should agree to help with the trials.

IRRI IPM Farmer Participatory Research Part 1

 IRRI IPM Farmer Participatory
Research
Farmer’s classes. Weekly classes in
several villages (more populated) for an
entire crop season. Each session
involves a short lecture, with
demonstrations, if possible, followed by
question and answer period and then
field exercise lasting for one to 2 hours.

IRRI IPM Farmer Participatory Research Part 1

 IRRI IPM Farmer Participatory
Research
Follow-up meetings. Follow-up
meetings held weekly are important
and Farmer’s Organizations should be
utilized, example irrigation associations.
Identify farmer’s leaders and each
farmer leader represents no more than
20 farmers.

IRRI IPM Farmer Participatory Research Part 1

 FAO IPM Farmer Field School
(FFS)
Similar approaches are done, except that the farmers
themselves are conducting the trial. The farmer field school
(FFS) has now become the best-known approaches to IPM
training. In FFS, the field is the primary classroom for training
farmers and extension staff, building on four key tenets:
i. Grow a healthy crop,
ii. Observe the field weekly,
iii. Conserve natural enemies, and
iv. Help farmers understand ecology and become experts in
their own fields.

FAO IPM Farmer Field School (FFS) Part 2

 FAO IPM Farmer Field School
(FFS)
Farmers collect data in the field,
analyze it in groups along with trained
facilitators, and then decide on any
action to be taken. Through weekly
agro-ecosystem analysis of a sample
plants, they compare their current
practice with plots where integrated
crop management methods are used.

FAO IPM Farmer Field School (FFS) Part 2

 FAO IPM Farmer Field School
(FFS)
Direct conservation is complemented
by exercises to demonstrate or
visualize important processes, such
as plant compensation for mechanical
damage, insect predation and
parasitism, causal agents of plant
diseases and their spread, and the
action of pesticides on pests and
beneficial organisms.

FAO IPM Farmer Field School (FFS) Part 2

 FAO IPM Farmer Field School
(FFS)
This uses the farmer-centered discovery-
learning and participatory
methodologies. This method of teaching
encourages farmers discover solutions
for themselves that will lead to great
ecological literacy among the present
and future farmers. The FFS has now
become the best-known approach to IPM
training.

FAO IPM Farmer Field School (FFS) Part 2

 FAO IPM Farmer Field School
(FFS)
In Vietnam, FFS Participatory Action
Research (PAR) groups have focused on
soil-related diseases causing major yield
loss in tomato, beans, cabbage, cucumber
and onion. PAR use the disease triangle
framework to assess host-pathogen-
environment interactions, identifying which
management options are applicable, which
are already used by the farmers…

FAO IPM Farmer Field School (FFS) Part 2

 FAO IPM Farmer Field School
(FFS)
… and which are incorrectly applied, for
Poorly Composted material
example, poorly composted material in
which disease spores have not been killed.
In cucumber, PAR research groups
increased yield by 80% and reduce the
incidence of blight, so enabling the farmers
to reduce pesticide use from nine to five
sprays per season.

FAO IPM Farmer Field School (FFS) Part 2

Common Soil Borne Disease in Rice (Fungi)
Root Rot Brown Spot Blast Bakanae

Leaf Scald Sheath Blight False Smut

Control of Soil Borne Disease (Fungi)
• Blast (Pyricularia oryzae Cav.): In environments not highly conducive
to blast, the disease can be easily controlled by planting resistant
cultivars.
• Bakanae (Fusarium moniliforme): The use of clean seed is essential to
control bakanae (At IRRI-moldy, discolored, partially filled/unfilled,
shriveled/deformed seeds are removed during Dry Seed Inspection);
The use of resistant cultivars.
• Brown Spot (Bipolaris oryzae): The most important factors in the
control of brown spot are proper nutrients in the soil and prevention
of water stress; Seed treatment such as Benomyl and benomyl-thiram
combinations (at IRRI slurry treatment at 0.3% g /100 g of seeds).
Control of Soil Borne Disease (Fungi)
• Sheath Rot (Sarocladium oryzae): The use of resistant cultivars; The
use of clean seeds as planting materials (sterile, shriveled or partially
filled seeds is essential in the control of this disease).
• Leaf Scald (Microdochium oryzae): The use of resistant cultivars; The
use of clean seeds as planting materials (sterile, shriveled or partially
filled seeds is essential in the control of this disease).
• False Smut (Ustilaginoidea virens): Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) seed
washing treatment; Germination of some rice varieties maybe
adversely affected, thus, it is best to plant seeds immediately after
treatment.
Control of Soil Borne Disease (Fungi)
• Root Rot (Sclerotium oryzae Agaricales): minimizing the carryover
inoculum level (i.e., the number of viable sclerotia) and by using the
most resistant varieties available.
Insects in Rice
Rice Thrips Black Bug Rice Skipper

Mole Cricket Mealy Bug

Causes
• Rice Thrips (Stenchaetothrips biformis
Thysanoptera): damaged leaves have silvery
streaks or yellowish patches. translucent
epidermis becomes visible on damaged area.
leaves curled from the margin to the middle.
leaf tips wither off when severely infested.
Causes
• Black Bug (Scotinophara coarctata): Black
bugs remove the sap of the plant. They can
cause browning of leaves, dead heart, and
bug burn. Their damage also causes stunting
in plants, reduced tiller number, and
formation of whiteheads. On severe cases,
black bugs weaken the plant preventing
them from producing seeds.
Causes

• Rice Skipper (Pelopidas mathias): damage

causes removal of leaf tissues. They roll
leaves and make a protected chamber.
Causes
• Mole Cricket (Gryllotalpa orientalis): are
polyphagous. They feed on the underground
parts of almost all-upland crops. They
occasionally become sufficiently abundant to
cause heavy damage to roots and basal parts
of rice plants growing in raised nursery beds
or upland conditions.
Causes
• Mealy Bug (Brevennia rehi): Rice mealybug
causes heavy losses to crops in Bangladesh,
India, and Thailand. High pest density (>100
mealybugs/hill) can cause plants to wilt and
die.
Controls
• Rice Thrips (Stenchaetothrips biformis Thysanoptera): Submerge
infected crops intermittently for 1-2 days. Drag a wet cloth on the
seedlings. Flooding to submerge the infested field for 2 days as a
cultural control practice is very effective against the rice thrips.
• Black Bug (Scotinophara coarctata): Maintain a clean field by
removing the weeds and drying the rice field after plowing. Plant rice
varieties of the same maturity date to break the insect's cycle. Use of
mercury bulbs as light traps for egg-laying adults, light trapping of
insects should start 5 days before and after the full moon.
• Rice Skipper (Pelopidas mathias): Parasites and predators usually
control the population density of rice skippers in the field.
Controls
• Mole Cricket (Gryllotalpa orientalis): Poisoned baits made by mixing
moistened rice bran and insecticide that can be placed along rice
bunds can kill night-foraging mole crickets.
• Mealy Bug (Brevennia rehi): Remove the grasses and trim the bunds
during the main field preparation before transplanting. Augment bio-
control agents like coccinellids, spiders in the rice field. Remove and
destroy the affected plants.
 Disease Triangle

Sheath Rot

Bacteria Blight

Blast (leaf and collar)

Rice Tungro Disease

Blast Brown Spot Root Rot

Stem Rot False Smut Sheath Blight

Narrow brown leaf spot Stackburn disease

Udbatta disease Foot Rot or Bakanae disease

DISEASE

Susceptible Host
Rice
 REFERENCE
Avish Dhakal and Suraj Poudel. (2020, October 01). Integrated Pest
Management (IPM) and its application in Rice-A
Review.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344552333_
INTEGRATED_PEST_MANAGEMENT_IPM_AND_ITS_APP
LICATION_IN_RICE_-A_REVIEW
BLACKIE, M.J. AND A.C. CONROY, 1994. FEEDING THE NATION BREAKING
OUT OF MALAWIS YIELD TRAP. PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONFERENCE
ON AGRICULTURE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT. 7-11 JUNE 1993.
UNIVERSITY OF MALAWI, CHANCELLOR COLLEGE, ZOMBA, MALAWI.