IPM in Cabage

Group 2
Members
Tolentino, Glen B.
Palagtiw, Mark Anthony
Arienza, Jhing Philip
Filomeno, Franklin
Medrano, Jezrael
Galve, Stephen
Dumaloan, marites
 Objectives:

To discuss the different control methods applied in Cabage

vegetable.
To elaborate the effects of different control methods in
application to cabage vegetable.

 Introduction
The presence of insects, insect parts, and insect frass is not
tolerated in fresh or processed vegetables by either the Food and
Drug Administration or the consuming the public. This results in
near-zero economic threshold levels and makes vegetable IPM
the most challenging of management systems. There is a total
lack of economic threshold levels of pests affecting most
vegetable crops. In most situations the presence of any insects
on the crops means economic consequence and possible failure
to the growers.
 Site Selection

The selection of the right site can drastically improve

yields, quality and disease resistance. An ideal site should
have well-drained, fertile soil and adequate sunlight. The soil
should be free of weeds and have a pH between 6.0 and 7.5.
The cabbage plants should also be sheltered from strong
winds and excessive moisture. Proper site selection can help
ensure a successful harvest and reduce the risk of disease
and pest infestations.
 Land Preparation

Land preparation (tillage) for both nursery soil beds and

production field is done to provide good growing medium for
easy and better crop establishment.

Primary tillage (plowing) using animal/machine drawn

plow or digging with a hoe and secondary tillage
(harrowing) to pulverize and level the soil using comb
tooth harrow.
Cultural control

Weeding
Mulching
Crop rotation
Using sprinkle
 Weeding
Weeding is an important part of
pest control in cabbage as it helps
to reduce the amount of pest-
attracting weeds that can grow
near the plants. This reduces the
amount of food and shelter
available to pests, making them
less likely to infest the cabbage
crop.
 Mulching

Mulching can be beneficial

for cabbage plants. Mulch
helps retain moisture,
suppress weeds, regulate
temperature, and prevent
erosion. It helps to create a
barrier between the soil and
the pests, making it difficult
for them to access the
plants.
 Crop rotation

Crop rotation can be an

effective method for pest
control in cabbage. By planting
different crops on the same plot
during different times of the
year, it can help reduce insect
pest populations, increase
beneficial insects, and suppress
weeds.
 Sprinkler

Using sprinkler type of irrigation

system to disrupt the egg-laying
activity of Diamondback moth
(DBM). However, this method is
applicable only in places where
water is free otherwise, this method
becomes expensive.
 Chemical control
Chemical control by insecticide applications two to three
days apart or interval at cost approaching P45,000.00 per
hectare for 15 spraying period in attempting to keep the crop
free of these insects. Grading by the standard marketing system
showed that up to three heads could be infested with no change
in quantity of marketable heads. This level of infestation was
maintained by using only 5 insecticide applications for the
season compared with the average of 15 used to provide
continuous insecticide protection.
 Application of insect growth regulators is a sound approach
because its effect specific and non-toxic to humans and other
animals. The growers, however, do not appreciate this type of
chemical because the effect is gradual. Hence, this is not
available anymore in the agricultural supplies. An example is
Nomolt.

 Biological control
Biological control using mass-reared Apanteles sp. For
lowland areas and Cotesiasemiclausum for highland areas
against diamond backed moth. Release of mass-reared
Trichogrammachiloniscan also be done to control
lepidopterous insect pests at egg stage. Spraying with Bt sold
under the trademarks of Dipel or Thuricide is ecologically
sound. But since the effect is gradual the growers do not
appreciate this type of product. Consequently, this product is
not available anymore in the market.

 Diamond Black moth

Order: Lepidoptera

Is commonly found in areas where

cabbage is grown. The larvae of the
diamondback moth can cause severe
feeding damage to cabbage and
cauliflower heads, which can cause
stunted growth or even abort the heads.
Plutella xylostella
 Types of Biological control
Predators Parasites

Parasitoids
 Predators
Throughout their lives,
predators kill and consume a
variety of prey. Many
amphibians, birds, mammals, Chrysoperla carnea
and reptiles feed heavily on
insects. Predatory beetles, flies,
lacewings, true bugs and wasps
eat nuisance insects and mites.

Lady beetle
 Parasites

A parasite is an organism that

lives in, on, or with another
organism and acquires food and
typically shelter at the expense of
Apanteles sp.
the host. Many pests are

controlled biologically by
parasitic insects and
microorganisms.

Cotesia semiclausum
 Parasitoids

A parasitoid is an organism
that produces young on or
within another organism
(the host), eventually
destroying it. Parasitoids
have traits of both
predators and parasites. Trichogramma chilonis

 Physical control and

Mechanical control
Pheromones
Mating disruption with sex
pheromones was effective in reducing
diamondback moth and cabbage looper
populations. Treating cabbage fields
with sex pheromones controlled
diamondback moth populations for
most of the cabbage season, minimizing
the need for pesticide sprays.
 Yellow sticky trap

Yellow sticky traps are a useful tool

for monitoring and trapping pests in
cabbage crops. When the moths land on
the sticky surface, they become stuck and
are unable to escape. This helps to reduce
the number of diamond black moths in the
area, reducing the damage they can do to
cabbage crops.
 Netting

Netting can protect the crops

from insects, moths, butterflies,
and other pest. It can also
prevent cabbage butterflies from
laying eggs on the leaves, which
can reduce the risk of plant
destruction from insects.
 Light trap

The use of a light trap can

significantly reduce the frequency
of insecticide spray and save up to
81.82% of insecticide applications
while maintaining high cabbage
yields. Light traps have been
effectively used to trap moths of
cabbage looper and bollworm.
 Diseases

Alternaria Leaf Spot

Bacterial Leaf Spot
Bacterial Soft Rot
Black Rot
Clubroot
 Alternaria leaf spot

Alternaria leaf spot is caused by two species of

fungi, Alternaria brassicicola and A. brassicae.
Alternaria is more likely to cause disease when
moisture is present on the cabbage, and
temperatures range from 68 to 81°F.

Symptoms include yellow spots that grow larger

and develop rings around them like a target or
bull’s-eye. As the tissue dies, the centers may fall
out, resulting in holes in the foliage. As the disease
develops, the spots join together to form large
areas of dead tissue.
 Bacterial Leaf Spot
There are two different species of bacteria that
can cause bacterial leaf spot in cabbage,
Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola and
Xanthomonas campestris pv. armoraciae. These
spots can join together to form angular lesions,
which make the leaves look ragged. In the case of
a severe infection, the foliage can die.

Initial symptoms include dark flecks on the leaves

that spread into lesions. The centers often
degrade with time, resulting in circular holes in
the foliage.
 Bacterial Soft Rot

Bacterial soft rot is caused by the the bacteria

Pectobacterium spp. (formerly Erwinia) and can
result in losses in a tremendous number of crops,
including cabbage. Cabbages can show
symptoms in the field, but the majority of
infections occur during storage.

First signs of infection are small lesions that

appear water soaked. They quickly enlarge, and
infected plant tissue turns brown and mushy.
 Black Rot

Black rot, caused by the bacterium

Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris,
affects a range of cole crops, and it can really
do a number on cabbage. this disease can get
worse during storage, resulting in heads that
are inedible.

First symptoms involve yellowing of the leaf

margins, which then spread to the center of the
leaf. A classic symptom is a yellow “V” at the
midrib of the leaf.
 Clubroot

Cabbages are particularly vulnerable to

clubroot, a disease caused by Plasmodiophora
brassicae, a water mold that can live in the soil
for over 18 years after infecting a crop. The
pathogen enters the root hairs and then forms
large club-like galls that can be as large as five
or six inches wide.

Infections occur when the plants are exposed to

spores released from infected roots. Irrigation
water, tools, or even footwear can spread these
spores.
 Summary

Through using different control methods such as chemical,

cultural, biological and physical control can be used to help
reduce the spread of diseases that can damage or even kill
cabbage crops. Using theses different control methods can also
help keep pests, such as aphids, cabbage loopers, flea beetles, and
moths away from the cabbage crop.