SHS

General Biology
1
Quarter 1 – Module 4:
Cell Division
 MODULE 4
Cell Division

Quarter : First Quarter

Content Standard : The learner demonstrates understanding of mitosis and
meiosis.
Performance Standard : The learners should be able to compare mitosis and
meiosis.
Learning Outcomes (Syllabus): Upon the completion of the given unit, the SHS
students are expected to compare mitosis and meiosis.
Competencies/Code : STEM_BIO11/12-Id-f-7
Duration : Week 1
Topics : A. Mitosis
: B. Meiosis
__________________________________________________________________________________

What I Need to Know

This module was designed with you in mind. It revisits your previous
knowledge on mitosis and meiosis (if you recall these topics were taken in Grade 8).
Pictures and activities were provided for you to examine each stage so that you can
compare the two types of cell division.
The module is divided into two lessons, namely:

• Lesson 1- Mitosis
• Lesson 2- Meiosis

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. describe the stages of mitosis and meiosis given 2n=6;
2. trace the events of mitosis and meiosis;
3. compare mitosis and meiosis through a table; and
4. construct a diagram of the various stages of mitosis and meiosis.

2
 What I Know

PRE-ASSESSMENT
Multiple Choice. Read each question comprehensively and encircle the letter of the
best answer.
1. Which of the following is the correct sequence of mitosis?
I. formation of microtubules
II. condensation of the chromosomes
III. the reappearance of the nuclear envelope
IV. alignment of chromosomes at the equatorial plate
A. I, II, III, IV B. II, III, IV, I C.II, I, IV, III D.IV, III, II, I

2. Why is it important to maintain the chromosome number of daughter cells in

mitosis? This is to ensure that each daughter cell___________________________.
A. can continue the cell cycle.
B. continues its metabolic processes.
C. contains the same genetic material.
D. survives even if the parent cell dies.
3. What is the result if the cell completed mitosis without cytokinesis? A cell
has___________
A. two nuclei. C. two abnormally small nuclei.
B. a single large nucleus. D. high concentrations of myosin.
4. How many chromosomes does each daughter cell will have if the parent cell
containing 4 chromosomes underwent mitosis?
A. 1 B. 2 C. 4 D. 8
5. What kind of cell if a cell plate appears across the middle of the cytoplasm?
A. an animal cell in telophase C. a plant cell undergoing cytokinesis
B. an animal cell in metaphase D. a plant cell undergoing metaphase
6. How many cells are produced if a fertilized egg (zygote) undergoes five mitotic
divisions?
A. 8 B.16 C. 32 D.64
7. How many mitotic divisions are needed for a single cell to make 128 cells?
A. 7 B. 14 C. 28 D. 32
8. What is the role of the spindle fibers during mitosis? It_________________.
A. duplicates the DNA.
B. makes the chromosomes visible.
C. helps separate the chromosomes.
D. breaks down the nuclear membrane.
9. What process is involved when paternal and maternal chromosomes exchange
genetic materials?
A. crossing over B. cytokinesis C. karyokinesis D. synapsis
10.Which of the following causes the variation of daughter cells during meiosis?
A. segregation and crossing over of chromosomes.
B. segregation and independent assortment of chromosomes.
C. independent assortment and crossing over of chromosomes.
D. segregation, independent assortment, and crossing over of chromosomes.
11. Which cellular division reduces the number of chromosomes?
A. meiosis I C. Both meiosis I and II
B. meiosis II D. mitosis II

3
12. In which process and stage does genetic rearrangement that increases genetic
variation occur?
A. crossing over; during telophase I
B. crossing over; during anaphase II
C. spontaneous mutations; during metaphase I
D. independent assortment; during metaphase I
13. Which statement is TRUE about mitosis and meiosis in plant and animal cells?
A. Plant cells perform mitosis while animal cells undergo meiosis.
B. Most plant and animal cells undergo mitosis. However only animals can
undergo meiosis.
C. Most plant and animal cells undergo mitosis. However only plants can
undergo meiosis.
D. Most plant and animal cells undergo mitosis. Both plants and animals
can undergo meiosis.
14. A cell has 46 chromosomes during interphase and undergoes meiosis I and
meiosis II. How many chromosomes does each daughter cell contain after
cell division?
A. 46 B. 23 C. 92 D. 69
15. Which of the following accurately differentiates metaphase of mitosis from
metaphase I of meiosis?
A. chromatin aligns instead of tetrads during metaphase I
B. tetrads align instead of sister chromatids in metaphase I
C. spindle fibers align instead of tetrads during metaphase I
D. sister chromatids align instead of tetrads during metaphase I

What’s In

What’s with Interphase?

Instructions:
1. Study the given events on the table.
2. Identify what substages (G1, S, G2) of interphase does the given events.
3. Write your answer on the space provided.

Interphase Interphase Events

substage
G1 Replication of ER
1. DNA replication
2. Organelles replicate
3. Production of proteins
4. Enzymes are produced
5. The cell is ready for cell division
Guide Questions
1. What is the most important event during interphase?
__________________________________________________________________________
2. What happens to the cell after interphase is complete?
___________________________________________________________________________

4
 To complete the cell cycle, the cell must proceed with the cell division phase (mitosis
or meiosis) to produce daughter cells. Let’s begin with mitosis.

Lesson
Cell Division: Mitosis
1

Cell division is a process of producing daughter cells from a parent cell. This process
allows continuity of life and completes the cell cycle. There are two types of cell
division: mitosis and meiosis.

What’s New

Mitosis
Instructions:
1. Study the diagram of the animal cell below (human skin cells) undergoing
mitosis.
2. Describe what happens in each stage of mitosis.
3. Write your answer on the space provided.

Figure 1. Stages of Mitosis

* The first illustration is the interphase stage: preparatory phase for cell division.
Originally the human somatic cell (skin cell) has 46 chromosomes a diploid, then
during this stage, the chromosomes replicate before prophase. the chromosomes
appear like threads and less condense. So, what happens next? It's your time to
answer now.
1. ____________________________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________________________________________
4. ____________________________________________________________________________

5
 Is the diagram familiar? Can you recall now the stages of mitosis from your
Grade 8 lesson? So, what’s mitosis? Kindly read the information below.

What’s It

Mitosis

Unlocking of terms
a. Centromere - the narrow “waist” of the duplicated chromosome, where the
two chromatids are most closely attached.
b. Chromatin - a complex of DNA and protein that condenses during cell
division.
c. Cytokinesis - division of the cytoplasm.
d. Kinetochores - are protein complexes associated with centromeres
e. Metaphase plate - an imaginary structure at the midway point between the
spindle’s two poles.
f. Mitotic spindle - a structure made of microtubules that controls chromosome
movement during mitosis.
g. Sister chromatids - joined copies of the original chromosome.

Discussion
Mitosis is a nuclear division; the process by which the nucleus divides to
produce two new nuclei. Mitosis results in two daughter cells that are genetically
identical to each other and to the parental cell from which they came. Somatic cells
(nonreproductive cells or body cells) such as skin, and all the cells in our body except
gametes contain the normal number of chromosomes which is diploid (2n) undergo
this type of cell division. The cells that make up the plant’s roots, stems, and leaves,
also undergo mitosis. Mitosis is broken down into four stages: prophase,
metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Cytokinesis completes the mitotic phase of
the cell cycle which sometimes overlaps telophase. Cleavage furrow is formed in
animal cells and cell plate for plant cells after cytokinesis producing two daughter
cells.

A detailed diagram of the stages of mitosis is shown in Figure 2. Study the

diagram closely and take note of the changes in the following structures: nuclear
envelope, nucleoli, location of the centrosomes and chromosomes, and
thickness of the chromosomes as the cell proceeds from one stage to another. It
is evident that during interphase, the chromosomes are less condensed, the nuclear
envelope is intact, the nucleoli are visible, the centrosomes start to form, etc. So,
what happens after interphase?
During prophase, (remember “pro” means beginning) the centrioles move to
the opposite sides of the nucleus, early mitotic spindle (in animal cells it starts from
the centrosome – a microtubule-organizing center) starts to form (polymerize), the
chromatin become visible and condensed into chromosomes, the nucleoli disappear,
and the nuclear envelope starts to beak.

6
 Figure 2. Stages of Mitosis

In prometaphase, the nuclear envelope fragments, the chromosomes become

more condensed, some microtubules attach to the kinetochore of either side of the
sister chromatids. During metaphase, (remember “meta” means middle) the
centrosomes are now at the opposite poles of the cell, the mitotic spindle is complete,
the chromosomes are now aligned at the metaphase plate and each sister
chromatids’ kinetochore is attached with the microtubules coming from opposite
poles.
In anaphase, (remember “away”) the cohesins (protein) holding together the
sister chromatids of each chromosome are cleaved by an enzyme called separase.
The sister chromatids separate and start moving to opposite poles as the
microtubules shorten. This is the shortest phase of mitosis as telophase eventually
follows.
During telophase, (remember “two”) two daughter nuclei and nucleoli are
formed, the chromosomes become less condensed, and the remaining microtubule
has depolymerized.
Cytokinesis completes the mitosis by the formation of the cleavage furrow in
animal cells and cell plate in plant cells producing two daughter cells identical to the
parent cell. Mitosis ensures that there is an exact copy of genetic information is being
passed through the new daughter cells.

7
 What’s More

Activity
Getting to Know More Mitosis
Instructions:
A. Mitosis Diagram
1. Study the diagram below.
2. Arrange the diagrams in the correct sequence of mitosis.
3. Answer the follow-up questions. Write your answer on the space provided.

Guide Questions
1. Which cell is in metaphase?
___________________________________________________________________________
2. Which cell is in the first phase of mitosis? How about the cell in the last
phase?
__________________________________________________________________________
3. In cell A, what structure is labeled X?
___________________________________________________________________________
4. What is the role of spindle fibers in anaphase?
___________________________________________________________________________
5. How many daughter cells are produced during mitosis?
___________________________________________________________________________
6. Why chromosomes must be replicated before the cell undergoes mitosis?
___________________________________________________________________________
7. Are the cells depicted plant or animal cells? Explain your answer.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

8
 B. Mitotic Events
Arrange the mitotic events in chronological order by using numbers 1-8 then
identify the stages of mitosis based on your order of arrangement.

Number Mitotic Events

Chromosomes align at the metaphase plate
Sister chromatids separate
Nucleoli reappear
Chromosomes become more condensed
Microtubules are completely formed
Each chromatid’s kinetochore is attached to
microtubules
Chromosomes move to opposite poles
Two daughter nuclei are formed

Guide Question
What is the significance of mitosis in the continuity of life among organisms?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

What I Have Learned

To check your understanding of the concepts about mitosis, write the

appropriate term/s to complete the statements below. Write your answer on the
space provided.
1.Mitosis is a ________ division. It involves four stages: prophase, metaphase,
anaphase, and telophase.
2.During prophase, the nucleoli______, the chromatin thickens and become
__________, the mitotic spindle begins to _________.
3. In the prometaphase, the nuclear envelope_________, some of microtubule
attaches to the ________of the sister chromatids.
4.During metaphase, the sister chromatids are __________at the metaphase
plate.
5. In anaphase, the chromosomes _________and move to __________.
6.In telophase _______nuclei are formed, the nuclear envelope_________, and
the chromosomes become less_______.
7. Mitosis ends with the division of cytoplasm producing _______cells which
are genetically identical from its parent.

9
 What I Can Do

Now it’s time to apply what you learned. Read the task card below:

Task card
The cell has 4 number of chromosomes before undergoing mitosis. Illustrate
the various stages of mitosis and emphasize at least 2 significant events. You may
color and label your drawing.

Congratulations, one lesson down! You may proceed to lesson 2, Good luck!
Since you’re done with mitosis, let’s check first if you still remember the important
events.

What’s In

Looking Back Mitosis

Instructions:
1. Arrange the stages in mitosis by putting numbers 1-5.
2. Write your answers on the space provided.
____a. alignment of chromosomes at the metaphase plate
____b. kinetochores of sister chromatids are attached to microtubules
____c. migration of chromosomes to the opposite poles
____d. mitotic spindle begins to form
____e. nuclear envelope reappears

Guide Questions
1. What happens during anaphase?
_____________________________________________________________________
2. Which of the given stages happen during prophase? How about during
telophase?
_____________________________________________________________________
3. Why does chromosome alignment happen in metaphase?
______________________________________________________________________

10
 Lesson
Cell Division: Meiosis
2

Meiosis is another type of cell division that produces gametes. It is divided into
two divisions: Meiosis I and Meiosis II.

What’s New

Goodbye Mitosis, Hello Meiosis

Instructions:
1. Examine the stages of meiosis on the next page.
2. Give at least one description in the stage asked. Write your answer on the
space provided.

Figure 3. Stages of Meiosis

Prophase I: the chromosomes pair up, nuclear envelope breaks, spindle fibers are
forming
Metaphase I: __________________________________________________________________
Anaphase I: __________________________________________________________________
Telophase I: ___________________________________________________________________
Telophase II: __________________________________________________________________

11
Guide Questions
1. What is meiosis?
__________________________________________________________________________

2. What are the stages of meiosis?

__________________________________________________________________________

3. How does it differ from mitosis?

__________________________________________________________________________

To further understand the events of meiosis, read and understand the information
below.

What’s It

Meiosis

Unlocking of terms
a. Chiasma (Pl. Chiasmata) – a segment of the chromosomes where crossing
over occurs between homologous non-sister chromatids.
b. Crossing over – the exchange of genetic material between non-sister
chromatids during prophase I of meiosis.
c. Homologous chromosomes – a pair of chromosomes of the same length,
centromere position, and staining pattern that possess genes for the same
characters at corresponding loci. One homologous chromosome is
inherited from the organism’s father, the other from the mother.
d. Synapsis - the pairing and physical connection of duplicated homologous
chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis.
e. Tetrad - four chromosomes sister and non-sister chromatids

Discussion
Meiosis is a type of cell division that produces gametes (egg cell or sperm cell)
or spores which contain ½ the normal number of chromosomes called the “haploid”
number (the symbol is n). During meiosis diploid cells (2n) are reduced to haploid
cells (n). During sexual reproduction, gametes combine in fertilization to reconstitute
the diploid complement found in parental cells. If meiosis did not occur the
chromosome number in each new generation would double and the offspring would
die since polyploidy (having more than 2 sets of chromosomes) is not favorable for
animals although an advantage to some plants. Meiosis in males is called
spermatogenesis that produces sperm while in females it is called oogenesis that
produces ova. Before meiosis occurs, the cell undergoes interphase like in mitosis,
ensuring cell growth, replication of DNA, cellular organelles, and the maturity of the
cell. The process involves two successive divisions of a diploid nucleus.

12
 Meiosis I is considered as the reductional stage because it reduces the
number of chromosomes by half. This comprises four substages: prophase I (the
longest almost 90% of meiosis), metaphase I, anaphase I, and telophase I.
Prophase I is subdivided into five substages: leptotene, zygotene,
pachytene, diplotene, and diakinesis. During leptotene, replicated chromosomes
are visible and the cell contains diploid number of chromosomes. In zygotene,
synapsis happens when the replicated maternal chromosomes pair up with the
replicated paternal chromosome (chromosome 1 from the mother to father’s
chromosome number 1). During pachytene, crossing over occurs when the
homologue exchange genetic materials in the chromatids’ chiasmata. This process
results in the difference of genetic materials of the sister chromatids which leads to
variation among daughter cells (gametes). In diplotene, the crossing over has
completely taken place and tetrads begin to separate. During diakinesis, the tetrads
become more condensed.

Figure 4. Crossing over of Chromosomes

In metaphase I, the tetrads (sister and non-sister chromatids) line up at the

metaphase plate, the microtubules attach to the kinetochore of each sister
chromatids.
In anaphase I, the homologous chromosomes separate, and the sister
chromatids move to opposite poles.
When telophase I begins, each half of the cell has a complete haploid set of
duplicated chromosomes. Each chromosome is composed of two sister chromatids;
one or both chromatids include regions of non-sister chromatid DNA. Cytokinesis
occurs through the formation of cleavage furrow (in animal cells) and cell plate
(plants) producing 2 haploid daughter cells.
Cytokinesis ends meiosis I producing two daughter cells each containing
replicated chromosomes. Hence, each cell will undergo another round of division
called Meiosis II.

13
 Figure 5. Stages of Meiosis
The events in the second meiotic division are quite like mitotic division.
During prophase II, each daughter cells still contain 2 sets of chromosomes which
start to condense. In metaphase II, the sister chromatids lined up at the metaphase
plate with microtubules attached to its kinetochore. In anaphase II, the sister
chromatids separate and start migrating to opposite poles. In telophase II, the
chromosomes are now at each pole and constrictions start to form in the cytoplasm
to form 4 daughter cells. Cytokinesis ends meiosis II producing 4 haploid daughter
cells containing unduplicated chromosomes (reduced to half) unlike in mitosis
that the original chromosome number is maintained. The daughter cells produced in

14
meiosis are not genetically identical to its parent due to crossing over of homologous
chromosomes. During gamete formation the different chromosomes assort
independently from one another in metaphase I. Moreover, the chromosomes
separate randomly during anaphase.

Were you able to identify the phases of meiosis and the corresponding
significant events? How meiosis and mitosis differ? What are the common and
distinguishing features for each type of cell division? I think you are so much ready to
proceed to the next phase of the lesson.

What’s more

Activity
Meiosis Meets Mitosis
A. Meiotic Diagram
Instructions:
Identify the stages of meiosis and give at least 2 significant events in each
illustration. Write the description under each stage.

1. 2. 3. 4.

5. 6. 7. 8.

15
 B. Comparing Meiosis and Mitosis
Instructions:
1. Compare mitosis and meiosis according to the given events.
2. Write your answer on the space provided.

Events Mitosis Meiosis

1.Number of cytokinesis
2.DNA replication
3.Synapsis
4.Crossing over
5.Number of daughter cells
produced
6.Genetic makeup of daughter
cells

Guide Questions
1. What features are common for both mitosis and meiosis?
_________________________________________________________________________
2. How does meiosis differ from mitosis?
_________________________________________________________________________
3. Why meiosis must undergo a second round of cellular division?
________________________________________________________________________
4. Why is meiosis necessary in the transmission of varied traits from one
generation to the next generation?
_________________________________________________________________________

What I Have Learned

Directions: To check your understanding of the concepts about meiosis write the
appropriate term/s to complete the paragraph below.

Meiosis is a type of cell division that produces (1) .The process

involves two successive divisions of the diploid nucleus. During prophase I (2)
occurs between the (3) chromosomes which leads to genetic (4)
of the gametes. The tetrads then align at the metaphase plate and (5)
towards opposite poles during anaphase I. At the end of telophase, I there are
(6) daughter cells produced containing only one set of chromosomes
(haploid level) in a replicated form. Each daughter cells must undergo meiosis
II to (7) the chromosome number. During meiosis II, the cell undergoes
same events in mitosis. However, at the end of telophase II, there are (8)
daughter cells are produced which contains (9) set of chromosomes
unlike in mitosis that the daughter cells contain (10) sets of
chromosomes as the parent cell.

16
 Now it’s time to transfer what you learn. The job for you is written in the task
card.

What I Can Do

Task card
Make a table comparing the features of Meiosis I vs. Meiosis II.
You may compare according to the following stages: prophase I and prophase II,
metaphase I and metaphase II, anaphase I and anaphase II, and telophase I and
telophase II. Use a separate sheet of paper for this output.

You’re almost done with lesson 2, you may proceed with the next task.

Assessment

POST ASSESSMENT
Directions: Read each statement carefully and choose the letter of the best answer.
Use a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following is the correct sequence of meiosis I?

A. alignment of tetrads, cytokinesis, crossing over, synapsis
B. crossing over, cytokinesis, alignment of tetrads, synapsis
C. cytokinesis, crossing over, alignment of tetrads, synapsis
D. synapsis, crossing over, alignment of tetrads, cytokinesis
2. Which of the following statements best differentiates prophase I and prophase II?
A. Synapsis occurs in prophase II but not in prophase I.
B. Cytokinesis occurs in prophase II but not in prophase I.
C. Crossing over occurs in prophase II but not in prophase I.
D. Crossing over occurs in prophase I but not in prophase II.
3. Which of the following structures denotes that a cell division occurs in plant
cells?
A. cell plate C. centromeres
B. centrioles D. cleavage furrow
4. Which type of cell division does crossing over of chromosomes occur?
A. mitosis C. mitosis and meiosis
B. meiosis D. mitosis of eukaryotic cells
5. Which of the following events occur during telophase II?
A. formation of 2 haploid cells C. formation of 2 diploid cells
B. formation of 4 haploid cells D. formation of 4 diploid cells
6. Why is there a need for a second round of cell division in meiosis? This is to
ensure that the gametes receive_______________________.
A. ½ of the parents’ chromosome number.
B. ¼ of the parent’s chromosome number.
C. exact copy of the parent’s chromosomes.
D. double of the parent’s chromosome number.

17
7. Which of the following characteristics is similar for both mitosis and meiosis II?
A. the daughter cells are diploid
B. DNA replicates before the division
C. homologous chromosomes synapse
D. sister chromatids separate during anaphase
8. In which stages of mitosis are the chromosomes composed of two chromatids? It
starts from___________ through___________.
A. interphase, anaphase
B. metaphase, telophase
C. G1 of interphase, metaphase
D. G2 of interphase, metaphase
9. Taxol is an anticancer drug extracted from the Pacific yew tree. In animal cells,
Taxol disrupts microtubule formation by binding to microtubules and
accelerating their assembly from the protein precursor, tubulin. Surprisingly,
this stops mitosis. Which of the following events is affected by Taxol?
A. crossing over C. formation of the centrioles
B. chromatid assembly D. formation of mitotic spindle
10. Which of the following structures indicates that an animal cell is undergoing
cytokinesis?
A. spindle fibers C. cleavage furrow
B. cell plate D. metaphase plate
11. While looking at a squashed onion root tip through a microscope, you observed
that the chromosomes of many of the cells are visible. In some cells, replicated
chromosomes are aligned along the center (equator) of the cell. In which stage
of mitosis are the cells undergoing?
A. anaphase B. metaphase C. prophase D. telophase
12. Which of the following does NOT happen during mitosis?
A. spindle formation C. separation of sister chromatids
B. replication of the DNA D. condensation of the chromosomes
13. What happens to the nuclear envelope during mitosis? It___________ during
prophase and ____________during telophase.
A. breaks, reforms C. breaks, thickens
B. breaks, breaks D. thickens, breaks
14. Your teacher provided you with a slide of onion root tips and asked you to count
the chromosomes. Which of the following stages can you most conveniently
investigate?
A. anaphase B. metaphase C. prophase D. telophase
15. Which of the following events occurs during telophase?
A. separation of chromosomes C. formation of two daughter cells
B. condensation of chromosomes D. complete formation of spindles

At last, you’re done with the assessment! But before you submit this module, kindly
perform the last task for you.

18
 Additional Activities

During meiosis, the chromosome number is reduced by half and in the

process, the cell undergoes meiosis I and meiosis II.
Assume that an organism has 4 chromosomes. Copy the illustration below on
a separate sheet of paper. In each cell, draw the distribution of chromosomes as the
cell completes the meiotic division.

Parent cell

Congratulations you’re done!

19
References
Offline sources
Reece, J.B; Urry, L.A; Cain, M.L; Wasserman, S.A; Minorsky, P.V; and Jackson,
R.B. (2014). Campbell Biology 10th. San Francisco (CA): Pearson Benjamin
Cummings.
Teaching Guide in General Biology 1. Department of Education. 2016

Electronic sources
https://quizlet.com/241785807/wlhs-biology-chapter-9d-mitosis-diagram/
https://www.philpoteducation.com/mod/book/view.php?id=790&chapterid=1053#
https://studylib.net/doc/8354716/mitosis-worksheet
https://www.learnpick.in/prime/documents/ppts/details/262/meiosis
https://www.digital-world-medical-school.net/
https://www.carlsonstockart.com/photo/meiosis-process-of-sexual-reproduction-
sex-cells/
http://content.njctl.org/courses/science/biology/mitosis-meiosis/multiple-choice-
9/multiple-choice-2014-02-18.pdf
https://www.hudson.k12.oh.us/cms/lib08/OH01914911/Centricity/Domain/125
7/Chapte%208PracticeTestANS.pdf

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex

Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985

Email Address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph * blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph

20
 21
Lesson 1 Lesson 1
What I have Learned What's More
A. Mitotic diagram
1. nuclear Correct sequence: D, A, C, F, E, B
2. Visible, more 1.C
dense/thicker 3. breaks, 2. A, B
kinetochore 3.centriole/centrosome
4.Align 4.helps pull the chromosomes
5.separate, opposite poles 5.2 daughter cells
6. reappears, reforms, dense, 6.sothat each daughter cell contains the same genetic
disintegrate material as the parent
7. 2 daughter 7. animal cell because a cleavage was forming
B. Mitotic Events
Sequence of Events
1.Chromosomes become more condensed - prophase
2.Microtubules are complete formed - metaphase
3.Chromosomes align at the metaphase plate-
metaphase
4.Each chromatid’s kinetochore is attached to
microtubules-metaphase
5.Sister chromatids separate -anaphase
6.Chromosomes move to opposite poles-anaphase
7.Nucleoli reappear-telophase
8.Two daughter nuclei are formed - telophase
Mitosis ensures that same number of chromosomes
are received in each (somatic) daughter cell. As the
cell continue its life cycle, the new cells are identical
to its parent cell.
Lesson 1 Lesson 1
What’s new What’s In
1.S
1.Prophase: the nucleoli disappear, 2.G1
mitotic spindle begins to form, the 3.G2
chromatin appears thickens, 4.G2
centrosomes move away from each other 5.G2
2. Metaphase: sister chromatids align at
the metaphase plate, centrosomes arrived Guide questions
at opposite poles, each sister 1.DNA/chromosome
chromatids kinetochores are attached to replication
the spindle
3.Anaphase: sister chromatids separate, 2.the cell will proceed the
chromatids move to opposite poles, mitotic phase/cell division
4.Telophase: nucleoli appear, nuclear
envelope reappears, cleavage furrow
starts to form, chromosomes are less
dense
Answer Key
 22
Lesson 2: Lesson 1
Meiosis
What I can Do
What's new
a.2
b.5
c.4
d.1
e.3
Guide
questions
1. B, D
2. A, E
3.C
 23
Lesson 2: Meiosis Lesson 2: Meiosis
What I can Do What's more
Meiosis I Meiosis II B. Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis
Events Mitosis Meiosis
Prophase I Prophase II 1. 1 2
Pairing of No pairing of 2. occurs occurs
homologous chromosomes 3. does not occurs
chromosomes occur
Metaphase I Metaphase II 4. does not occurs
Bivalents at Haploid number of occur
5. 2 4
metaphase duplicated
6. Identical to Not
plate chromosomes at the parent identical to
metaphase plate cell the parent
Anaphase I Anaphase II cell
Homologues of each Sister chromatids
bivalent separate separate, becoming Guide questions
and daughter 1.DNA replication
duplicated chromosomes that 2. In meiosis, synapsis and crossing
chromosomes move move to the poles over occur, undergoes 2 cytoplasmic
to divisions producing 4 daughter cells not
identical to its parent.
poles
3.to reduce the number of
Telophase I Telophase II
chromosomes to half from its parent.
Two haploid Four haploids 4.Because during meiosis, crossing over
daughter cells not daughter cells not occurs resulting to variation of gametes
identical to the genetically identical which is very important advantage for
parent cell the organisms’ survival from generation
to the next generation.
Lesson 2: Meiosis Lesson 2: Meiosis
What's more What's new
A. Meiotic diagram (the stages are fixed Accept students’ answer if correct, these are
answers but consider other events not some possible answers
mentioned here-these are just suggested Metaphase I: tetrads align at the
answers) metaphase plate, spindle
1.Prophase I: spindle fibers begin to form, formation is complete
nuclear envelop breaks, replicated Anaphase I: tetrads separate and move to
chromosomes pair up opposite poles
2.Telophase I: 2 daughter cells are formed, Telophase I: nuclear envelope reappears,2
spindle fibers disappear daughter cells are formed with
3.Telophase II: 4 daughter cells are formed; chromosome in pairs
each cell contains one half chromosomes from Telophase II: 4 daughter cells are formed,
the parent nuclear envelope reappears
4.Metaphase II: sister chromatids align at the
metaphase plate, spindle fibers are complete 1.Meiosis is a type of cell division that
5.Anaphase I: tetrads separate and move to produces gametes or spores.
opposite poles 2.Meiosis I: prophase I, metaphase I,
6.Metaphase I: tetrads align at the metaphase anaphase I, and telophase I
plate, spindle fibers are complete Meiosis II: prophase II, metaphase II,
7.Prophase II: chromosomes condense, spindle anaphase II, and telophase II
starts to form 3. Answers may vary based on student’s
8.Anaphase II: sister chromatids separate, previous knowledge (just accept possible
chromosomes move to opposite poles answers)
 24
Lesson 2: Meiosis
Additional Activities