MASONRY WALLS MASONRY COLUMNS

- CONSIST OF MODULAR BLDG BLOCKS

BONDED TOGETHER WITH MORTAR TO
FORM WALLS THAT ARE DURABLE, FIRE
RESISTANT & STRUCTURALLY EFFICIENT IN
COMPRESSION.
MASONRY ARCHES
- MAY BE REINFORCED OR UNREINFORCED.

MORTAR
- A PLASTIC MIXTURE OF CEMENT OR LIME
OR COMBINATION OF BOTH, W/ SAND &
WATER USED AS BONDING AGENT IN
MASONRY CONSTRUCTION.

SOLID MASONRY
- CONSTRUCTED EITHER W/ SOLID OR GOTHIC ARCH
HOLLOW MASONRY UNITS BONDED W/ KEYSTON
CROWN
HORIZONTAL JOINT REINFORCEMENT.

“CMU”
CONCRETE MASONRY UNIT

SKEWBACK
CAVITY WALLS
- CONSTRUCTED OF FACING & BACKING
WYTHE OF EITHER SOLID/HOLLOW
MASONRY UNITS, COMPLETELY SEPARATED
BY A CONTINUOUS AIR SPACE & BONDED
WITH METALL WALL TIES OR HORIZONTAL
JOINT REINFORCEMENT.
ADVANTAGES: STEEL ANGLE
1. CAVITY ENHANCES THERMAL
LINTELS
INSULATION & PERMITS INSTALLATION OF
OTHER THERMAL INSULATING MATERIAL.
2. SPACE ACTS AS A BARRIER AGAINST
WATER PENETRATION IF CAVITY IS KEPT REINFORCED
CLEAR WITH ADEQUATE WEEP HOLES
BRICK LINTELS
PROVIDED.

CAVITY

CONCRETE
MASONRY
LINTELS

PRE-CAST
CONCRETE
LINTELS
MASONRY TERMINOLOGY

STRETCHER

HEADER

RUNNING BOND COMMON BOND

SOLDIER

SHINER

STACK BOND FLEMISH BOND

ROWLOCK

SAILOR

WYTHE - CONTINUOUS VERTICAL SECTION FLEMISH

FLEMISH CROSS
OF A MASONRY WALL ONE UNIT IN
BOND DIAGONAL BOND
THICKNESS.
COURSE - CONTINUOUS HORIZONTAL
RANGE OF MASONRY UNITS.
COLLAR JOINT - VERTICAL JOINT
BETWEEN 2 WYTHES OF MASONRY.
BED JOINT - VERTICAL JOINT BETWEEN 2
MASONRY UNITS PERPENDICULAR
TO FACE OF WALL.
GARDEN WALL ENGLISH BOND
CONCAVE JOINT BOND

V-JOINT

WEATHERED JOINT

STRUCK JOINT

FLUSH JOINT

RAKED JOINT
STRUCTURAL CLAY TILE
- HOLLOW TILE OF FIRED CLAY HAVING
PARALLEL CELLS / CORES USED TYPICALLY
IN CONSTRUCTING WALLS & PARTITIONS
GLASS BLOCKS
- A TRANSLUCENT HOLLOWBLOCK OF
GLASS W/ CLEAR, TEXTURED OR
PATTERNED FACES, MADES BY FUSING TWO
HALVES TOGETHER W/ A PARTIAL VACCUM
INSIDE, GLASSBLOCK MAY BE USED IN
NONLOAD BEARING EXTERIOR & INTERIOR.
NORMAL FACE
DIMENSION
6”X6” 150mmx150mm
8”X8” 205mmx205mm
12”X12” 305mmx305mm
4”X8” 105mmx205mm
RAMMED EARTH CONSTRUCTION
- RAMMED EARTH ALSO
CALLED PISE DE TERRE IN
ANOTHER TRADITIONAL
BLDG MAT’L.
- ESSENTIALLY A STIFF
MIXTURE OF CLAY, SILT &
SAND + WATER THAT IS
COMPRESSED & DRIED W/IN
FORMS AS A WALL CONSTRUCTION
- THE SOIL MIXTURE SHOULD CONTAIN LESS
THAN 50% CLAY & SILT & A MAXIMUM
AGGREGATE SIZE OF 1/4” (610)
-SALTWATER SHOULD NEVER BE USED IN THE
MIX
STONE MASONRY
- NATURAL STONE BONDED W/ MORTAR &
LAID UP IN TRADITIONAL MANNER MORE
OFTEN HOWEVER, STONE IS USED AS A
FACING VENEER TIED TO A CONCRETE
MASONRY/BACKUP WALL.

4” (100mm) NOMINAL THICKNESS

FOR STANDARD UNITS
3” (75mm) NOMINAL THICKNESS FOR RUBBLE ASHLAR
STANDARD UNITS DIMENSION REFERS TO
CUT STONE SQUARED BLDG STONE FINELY
DRESSED ON ALL FACES ADJACENT
ADOBE CONSTRUCTION
TO THOSE OF OTHER STONES SO AS
ADOBE - SUNDRIED CLAY MASONRY,
TO PERMIT VERY THIN MORTAR
TRADITIONALLY USED IN COUNTRIES W/
LITTLE RAINFALL, ALMOST ANY SOIL JOINTS
HAVING 15% TO 25% CLAY CONTENT MAY
BE USED FOR THE MUD MIX.

RANDOM RUBBLE COURSED RUBBLE

-DIMENSIONS VARY ACC. TO

LOCALE
-COMMON SIZES ARE
10” (255mm) x 14”(355mm)
X 2” to 4” (51 to 100mm thick)

SQUARED RUBBLE RANDOM ASHLAR

CURSED ASHLAR BROKEN
RANGWORK

RUSTICATION
MASONRY HAVING THE
VISIBLE FACES OF THE
DRESSED STONES RAISED OR
OTHERWISE
CONTRASTED WITH THE
HORIZONTAL AND USUALLY
THE VERTICAL JOINTS, WHICH
MAY BE RABBETED,
CHAMFERED, OR BEVELED.

QUOIN
REFERS TO AN EXTERIOR
ANGLE OF A MASONRY WALL,
OR ONE OF THE STONES
OR BRICKS FORMING SUCH AN
ANGLE, USUALLY
DIFFERENTIATED FROM
ADJOINING SURFACES BY
MATERIAL,