Centrilift Submersible Pump

Centrilift
 Centrilift ?
Centrifugal pumps to lift fluid.

Centrifugal? Tending to fly from

centre

Centrifugal Force? Force in direction away from

centre

Centrifugal machine ...in which rotation about

axis results in movement of
(i.e. Centrifugal Pump) particles away from the axis
Impeller
Impeller

The impeller rotates

about the pump axis,
with the shaft

It provides the
centrifugal force
to the fluid - gives
it energy.
Impeller

Fluid enters the

impeller through the
‘eye’ near the shaft
and exits the impeller
on the outside.
Impeller - Cut Away
Impeller

Hub

Upper
Shroud

Vanes

Lower
Shroud

Skirt
Eye
Diffuser
Diffuser

The diffuser does not

rotate, it turns the fluid
up into the next
impeller

It transforms the fluid

velocity, it’s energy,
into head
Diffuser - Cut Away
Impeller & Diffuser

Diffuser redirects the fluid up

into the next impeller and
turns fluid energy into head

Impeller spins and gives

energy to fluid which exits
around the outside

Diffuser directs fluid into the

eye of the impeller
Impeller in Diffuser - A Pump ‘Stage’
Pump Stage - cut away
 Pump Stage

Fluid Reservoir
 1

Head
(Lift)

Fluid Reservoir
 Pump Stage Characteristics

Head 60 1
in
Feet
50

40

30

20

10

Single stage performance for a given RPM and fluid viscosity

 1

Head

Fluid Reservoir
 1

Head 2

Flow

Fluid Reservoir
 Pump Stage Characteristics

Head 60 1
in
2
Feet
50

40

30

20

10

0
0 200 400 600 800 1000

Flow, Barrels per day (BPD)

 1

Head 2

Flow

Fluid Reservoir
 1

Head 2
3

Flow

Fluid Reservoir
 Pump Stage Characteristics

Head 60 1
in
2
Feet
50

3
40

30

20

10

0
0 200 400 600 800 1000

Flow, Barrels per day (BPD)

 Pump Curve

Head 60
in
Feet
50

40

30

20

10

0
0 200 400 600 800 1000

Flow, Barrels per day (BPD)

 600 bpd

1000 Ft

Fluid Reservoir
 Pump Curve

Head 60
in
Feet
50

40

30

20

10

0
0 200 400 600 800 1000

Flow, Barrels per day (BPD)

 600 bpd

1000 Ft

Fluid Reservoir
 600 bpd

1000 Ft

Fluid Reservoir
 600 bpd

1000 Ft

Fluid Reservoir
Multiple Stages

The head that one stage

develops is multiplied by
the number of stages to
determine the total head a
pump will deliver
- at a given flow rate
Centrilift Submersible Pump

Stages stacked on a shaft and

compressed in a housing.
 Impeller Position

In Floating Impeller Pumps

the Impeller does not ‘Float’

It is free to move up and

down on the pump shaft
 Impeller Position

In Floating Impeller Pumps

the Impeller does not ‘Float’

It is free to move up and

down on the pump shaft
 Impeller Position

In Floating Impeller Pumps

the Impeller does not ‘Float’

It is free to move up and

down on the pump shaft
Forces acting on the Impeller…

Pump Thrust Load

 Pump Thrust Load

Under normal operating

conditions, fluid re-circulates
on top and underneath the
impeller…
 Pump Thrust Load

The fluid creates pressure

on the upper and lower
impeller shrouds
 Pump Thrust Load

The larger cross sectional

area on the upper shroud
causes more pressure on top

This causes the impeller to

be moved down
 Pump Thrust Load

The larger cross sectional

area on the upper shroud
causes more pressure on top

This causes the impeller to

be moved down

This is a positive downward

force termed ‘Downthrust’
 Pump Thrust Load

At some point the volume of

fluid going up into the pump
will lift the impeller up,
overcoming the Downthrust
pressure

This causes the impeller to

be moved up
 Pump Thrust Load

At some point the volume of

fluid going up into the pump
will lift the impeller up,
overcoming the Downthrust
pressure

This causes the impeller to

be moved up

The downward force is now

reversed (negative), it is termed
‘Upthrust’
 Pump Thrust Load

This creates a larger cross

sectional area on the bottom
shroud which increases the
pressure underneath

This causes the impeller to

be held up

This increases the ‘Upthrust’

 Pump Thrust Load

+ve

Down Force

Downthrust
0
Up Force
-ve Upthrust
 Pump Thrust Load

+ve

Down Force

Downthrust
0
Up Force
-ve Upthrust
0
Amount of fluid Flow
 Thrust and Impeller Position

In normal operation the larger

cross sectional area on the
upper shroud causes more
pressure on top, pushing the
impeller down

The pump is designed to

operate in slight to moderate
Downthrust.
 Pump Thrust Load

+ve
Pump Operating
Range

Down Force

0
Up Force
-ve
0
Amount of fluid Flow
 Pump Thrust Load

+ve
Pump Operating
Range

Down Force

0
Up Force
-ve
0
Amount of fluid Flow
 Pump Thrust Load

Washers are fitted to prevent

wear:

Downthrust washers

Upthrust washer
 Pump Thrust Load

Upthrust washers
(for use between stages)
Downthrust Washer
Flow rates to the left of the operating range will
increase wear on the Downthrust washers
Upthrust Washer

Flow rates to the right of the operating range will

increase wear on the Upthrust washers
Thrust and Impeller Position
Thrust and Impeller Position
Thrust and Impeller Position
Thrust and Impeller Position
Thrust and Impeller Position
 Pump Thrust Load

• Pump thrust is made up of two components,

shaft thrust and hydraulic thrust

• In a floating impeller pump, the only thrust that

the seal section thrust bearing sees is shaft
thrust

• In a compression pump or fixed impeller pump,

the thrust bearing in the seal section sees the
hydraulic thrust and the shaft thrust.
Impeller - Top

Impeller - Bottom
Impeller -
Name the parts:
Hub

Upthrust Washer

Upper
Shroud

Vane

Lower
Shroud

Down thrust Washer

Skirt

Eye
Impeller – Direction?
Turns Clockwise
 Pump Performance

A Pump stage has certain measurable parameters which

are plotted on a graph;

The ‘Pump Performance Curve’ (or just; ‘Pump Curve’)

 Pump Curve

Head 60
in
Feet
50

40

30

20

10

0
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
Flow, Barrels per day (BPD)

Single stage performance for a given RPM and fluid viscosity

 Pump Curve

Head 60
in Head Capacity
Feet
50

40

30

20

10

0
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
Flow, Barrels per day (BPD)

Single stage performance for a given RPM and fluid viscosity

 Pump Curve
Minimum Flow Maximum Flow
Head 60
in Head Capacity
Upthrust
Feet
50
Operating
Range
40
Severe
Downthrust
30
Diffuser

20

10

Impeller
0
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
Flow, Barrels per day (BPD)
 Pump Curve
Operating Range
Head 60
in Head Capacity
Feet
50

40

30

20

10

0
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
Flow, Barrels per day (BPD)
 Pump Curve

60

50
BHP

40

30 3

20 2

10 1

0
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
Flow, Barrels per day (BPD)
 Pump Curve

60

50
BHP

40

30 3

20 2

10 1
Brake Horse Power

0
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
Flow, Barrels per day (BPD)
 Pump Curve
Operating Range
Head 60
in Head Capacity
Feet
50
BHP

40

30 3

20 2

10 1
Brake Horse Power

0
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
Flow, Barrels per day (BPD)
 Pump Curve
Operating Range
Head 60
in Head Capacity
Feet
50
BHP Efficiency
%
40 80

30 3 60

20 2 40

10 1 20
Brake Horse Power

0
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
Flow, Barrels per day (BPD)
 Pump Curve
Operating Range
Head 60
in Head Capacity
Feet
50
BHP Efficiency
%
40 80

30 3 60
Pump Efficiency

20 2 40

10 1 20
Brake Horse Power

0
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
Flow, Barrels per day (BPD)
 Pump Curve
Operating Range
Head 60 Best
in Head Capacity Efficiency
Feet Point
50
(BEP) BHP Efficiency
%
40 80

30 3 60
Pump Efficiency

20 2 40

10 1 20
Brake Horse Power

0
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
Flow, Barrels per day (BPD)
 Pump Performance
The three measured parameters of Pump stage performance are:

• Lift (‘Head’)
• Flow Rate
• Brake Horsepower required (or Motor Load)

From the above, Hydraulic Efficiency may be calculated

Formulas are:

HydraulicH P = Feet ( BPD)( Spgr)

136000

Efficiency = HydraulicHP
BHP
 Pump Performance
Exercise; calculate the efficiency for this pump…

• Lift (‘Head’) 42 Feet per stage

• Flow Rate 4000 BPD
• Brake Horsepower or Motor Load 1.8 BHP
• Specific gravity of the Fluid (SpGr) 1.0

HydraulicH P = Feet ( BPD)( Spgr)

136000 = ?

Efficiency = HydraulicHP
BHP =?
 Pump Performance
Exercise; calculate the efficiency for this pump…

• Lift (‘Head’) 42 Feet per stage

• Flow Rate 4000 BPD
• Brake Horsepower or Motor Load 1.8 BHP
• Specific gravity of the Fluid (SpGr) 1.0

Hydraulic HP = ( 42 Feet) ( 4000BPD)(1.0SpGr )

136000 = 1.235

Efficiency = 1.2351Hydraulic
.8 BHP
HP
= 0.686 (0.7 = 70%)
 Single Stage Performance, 3500 RPM
SpGr = 1.0, 60 Hertz

Using the Pump Curve…

 Single Stage Performance, 3500 RPM
SpGr = 1.0, 60 Hertz

What is efficiency at @ 4000 BPD?

 Single Stage Performance, 3500 RPM
SpGr = 1.0, 60 Hertz

@ 4000 BPD,
 Single Stage Performance, 3500 RPM
SpGr = 1.0, 60 Hertz

@ 4000 BPD, 42 ft/stage,

 Single Stage Performance, 3500 RPM
SpGr = 1.0, 60 Hertz

@ 4000 BPD, 42 ft/stage, 1.8 HP/stage,

 Single Stage Performance, 3500 RPM
SpGr = 1.0, 60 Hertz

@ 4000 BPD, 42 ft/stage, 1.8 HP/stage, 70% efficient

Pump Application Exercise
 Pump Application
Determine the number of stages, and the HP required to drive
them, for the following application…

• Lift (‘Head’) required is 5000 Ft.

• Flow Rate 4000 BPD
• Specific Gravity 1.0

What’s the Lift per stage ?

 Single Stage Performance, 3500 RPM
SpGr = 1.0, 60 Hertz

@ 4000 BPD, 42 ft/stage,

 Pump Application
Determine the number of stages, and the HP required to drive
them, for the following application…

• Lift (‘Head’) required is 5000 Ft.

• Flow Rate 4000 BPD
• Specific Gravity 1.0
• Lift per stage 42 Ft.

What’s the Brake Horsepower or Motor Load per stage ?

 Single Stage Performance, 3500 RPM
SpGr = 1.0, 60 Hertz

@ 4000 BPD, 42 ft/stage, 1.8 HP/stage,

 Pump Application
Determine the number of stages, and the HP required to drive
them, for the following application…

• Lift (‘Head’) required is 5000 Ft.

• Flow Rate 4000 BPD
• Specific Gravity 1.0
• Lift per stage 42 Ft.
• Brake Horsepower or Motor Load per stage 1.8

Stages = Head
Head / Stage = 5000
42 =
119 Stages

PumpHP = Stages( Stage

BHP
)( SpGr) = 119(1.80)(1.00) = 214 HP
 Pump Stage Hydraulic Design
ESP Stage designs fall into one of two hydraulic categories …

Radial Flow –
flow path is generally
perpendicular (radial) with
respect to the pump shaft

Mixed Flow –
flow path has both axial
and radial direction with
respect to the pump shaft

(Hydraulics - Science of conveyance of liquids through pipes, etc., especially as a motive force).
 Pump Stage Hydraulic Design
Radial Flow A centrifugal pump in which the
pressure is developed wholly by
centrifugal force.
 Pump Stage Hydraulic Design
Mixed Flow A centrifugal pump in which
the pressure is developed
partly by centrifugal force and
partly by the lift of the vanes of
the impeller on the fluid.
 Pump Stage Hydraulic Design
• Radial flow stages (‘Pancake design’)
move lower volumes of fluid
Pump Housing Diameter Approx. BEP Flow

3.38 inches (338 series) less than 1500 BPD

4.00 inches (400 series) less than 2000 BPD
5.13 (513 series) less than 3000 BPD

• Mixed Flow stages are used for flow rates greater than
radial flow stages for the same pump diameter
 FC 450 FC 1800 HC 19 000 WNE 2100

400 Series 400 Series 675 Series 900 Series Mixed

Radial Mixed Mixed W = Water, N = 900, E = Polished Bore.
2100 = gal/min
 Pump Product Range

Min. Casing OD. 60 Hz BEP Flows (min-max)

4 1/2 inch (338 series) 800 - 2500 BPD

5 1/2 inch (400 series) 300 - 6000 BPD
7 inch (513 - 538 - 562 series) 1200 - 20,000
BPD
8 5/8 inch (675 series) 7000 - 35,000 BPD
10 3/4 inch (875 -900 series) 21,000 - 75,000 BPD
13 inch & above (1025 - 1038 series) up to 127,000 BPD
Pump
Wear…
 Pump Curve
4 Operating Range
3
Head 60 Best
in Head Capacity Efficiency 9 5
Point 8
Feet
50
(BEP) BHP Efficiency
1
%
40 80

7
30 3 60
Pump Efficiency

20 2 40

10 1 20
Brake Horse Power 6

0
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
Flow, Barrels per day (BPD) 2
Any Questions ?
Handouts – read…
Handouts – read…
Any Questions ?
End