SuggestedAnswers 07 E PDF

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Topic 2 Microscopic World I Mastering Chemistry
Suggested answers to in-text activities and unit-end exercises

Topic 2 Unit 7
Practice
P7.1(page 85)
1 a)
b) The oppositely charged ions in an ionic compound are packed together in a regular
arrangement called a lattice.
2 Potassium forms potassium ion carrying a charge of +1 while nitrogen forms nitride ion
carrying a charge of –3.
The ratio of potassium ions to nitride ions is 3:1 so that the charges balance / number of
positive charges equals the number of negative charges.
P7.2 (page 92)

a) To increase the electrical conductivity of the filter paper.
b) Hexacyanoferrate(III) ions move towards clip Q and iron(II) ions move towards clip P, forming
a blue compound. Thus, clip Q is connected to the positive terminal of the power supply.
P7.3 (page 94)

1
Chloride Oxide Carbonate Nitrate
Ion
Cl− O2− CO32− NO3−
Lithium, Li+ LiCl Li2O Li2CO3 LiNO3
Magnesium, Mg2+ MgCl2 MgO MgCO3 Mg(NO3)2
Iron(III), Fe3+ FeCl3 Fe2O3 Fe2(CO3)3 Fe(NO3)3
2 X reacts with water to give hydrogen gas. It is probably a reactive metal.

X forms an oxide XO. X is probably a Group II metal.
An atom of X has five occupied electron shells. X is probably a Period 5 element.
Hence X is strontium.
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Question Bank
Unit Exercise (page 102−109)

1 a) positive
b) cations
c) negative
d) anions
e) ionic
f) ionic
g) positive
h) delocalised electrons
i) metallic
2 D
3 D
4 B The diagram below shows the electron transfer that takes place when strontium and
chlorine combine:
∴ the chemical formula of the compound is YX2.
5 A The fluoride of aluminium contains Al3+ ions and F– ions. Three F– ions are needed for
every Al3+ ion to make the total charge zero. Thus, the chemical formula of the fluoride is
AlF3.
6 C The chemical formula of the compound is Q2R. One Q+ ion carries a positive charge. The
compound has no overall charges. In the compound, one ion of R is needed for every two
Q+ ions to make the total charge zero. Thus, the ion of R should carry two negative
charges. Hence R belongs to Group VI of the Periodic Table.
7 A Ionic bonds are formed when electrons are transferred from magnesium atoms to chlorine
atoms.
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8 C X is lithium while Y is sulphur. They combine to form an ionic compound, lithium

sulphide.
9 B In Fe2O3, one oxide ion carries two negative charges. The compound has no overall
charges. Three oxide ions are needed for every two ions of iron to make the total charge
zero. Thus, the ion of iron should carry three positive charges.
10 C Copper(II) ions are blue in colour while chromate ions are yellow in colour. Hence
copper(II) chromate solution has a green colour.
11 C The compound contains X3+ ions and Y2– ions. Two X3+ ions are needed for every three
Y2– ions to make the total charge zero. Thus, the chemical formula of the compound is
X2Y3.
12 A The purple permanganate ions moved towards the positive terminal.
13 D Aluminium nitride contains Al3+ ions and N3– ions. One Al3+ ion is needed for every N3–
ion to make the total charge zero. Thus, the chemical formula of the compound is AlN.
14 D Zinc phosphate contains Zn2+ ions and PO43– ions. Three Zn2+ ions are needed for every
two PO43– ions to make the total charge zero. Thus, the chemical formula of the
compound is Zn3(PO4)2.
15 B
16 B Fe2(SO4)3 contains Fe3+ ions and SO42– ions. Two Fe3+ ions are needed for every three
SO42– ions to make the total charge zero.
Fe(NO3)2 contains Fe2+ ions and NO3– ions. One Fe2+ ion is needed for every two NO3–
ions to make the total charge zero.
17 B (2) The name of the compound formed from sodium and sulphur is sodium sulphide.
18 D A potassium atom needs to lose one electron while a chlorine atom needs to gain one
electron so as to obtain stable outermost shells of 8 electrons.
(1) The ionic lattice contains one potassium ion for every chloride ion.
(2) A potassium ion and a chloride ion have the same electronic arrangement (2,8,8).
19 A (2) The chemical formula of the sulphate of rubidium is Rb2SO4.

(3) Many rubidium compounds are colourless.
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20 C (1) The reactivity of halogens decreases going down the group. Iodine is more reactive
than astatine.
21 B An atom of X has an electronic arrangement of 2,5. Hence X is nitrogen.

(3) Nitrogen forms an ionic compound with lithium, lithium nitride.
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22
Elements Electron diagram of compound (showing Name of
combine electrons in the outermost shells only) compound
aluminium
Aluminium and
fluoride
fluorine
(1)
(1)
Calcium and calcium oxide

oxygen (1)
(1)
lithium
Lithium and
phosphide
phosphorus
(1)
(1)
magnesium
Magnesium and
bromide
bromine
(1)
(1)
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23 a) NH4NO3 (1)
b) CaSO3 (1)
c) CuO (1)
d) Fe2(SO4)3 (1)
e) Mg(HCO3)2 (1)
f) KMnO4 (1)
g) Na2S (1)
h) Zn(OH)2 (1)
24 a) Zinc chloride (1)

b) Magnesium sulphide (1)
c) Lithium nitride (1)
d) Aluminium hydrogencarbonate (1)
e) Copper(II) nitrate (1)
f) Potassium hydroxide (1)
g) Calcium sulphate (1)
h) Ammonium bromide (1)
25 a) PbBr2 (1)
b) To melt the lead(II) bromide. (1)
c) A reddish brown gas forms at the positive electrode while a shiny solid forms at the
negative electrode. (1)
Negative bromide ions are attracted to the positive electrode. At this electrode, these ions
lose electrons to become atoms. The atoms then join in pairs to form molecules. (1)
– –
2Br → Br2 + 2e
Positive lead(II) ions are attracted to the negative electrode. These ions receive electrons
at the electrode and become atoms. (1)
2+ –
Pb + 2e → Pb (1)
26
Chemical Chemical Chemical
Name of compound formula of formula of formula of
positive ion negative ion compound
Magnesium bromide Mg2+ Br− (1) MgBr2 (1)
Iron(II) sulphate (1) Fe2+ (1) SO42− FeSO4
CO3 2− (1)
Ammonium carbonate NH4+ (1) (NH4)2CO3 (1)
Copper(II) nitrate (1) Cu 2+ NO3− (1) Cu(NO3)2
Aluminium hydroxide (1) Al3+ (1) OH− (1) Al(OH)3
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27 a) W (1)
b) Z (1)
c) i) W and Y (1)
ii)
28 a) There are 4 shells that contain electrons in a copper atom. (1)

b) i) A copper atom loses two electrons. (1)
ii) Cu(NO3)2 (1)
29 a) A calcium atom needs to lose two electrons (1)

while a chlorine atom needs to gain one electron so as to obtain stable outermost shells of
8 electrons. (1)
When calcium atoms combine with chlorine atoms, two electrons from each calcium atom
are transferred to two chlorine atoms, one for each. (1)
Communication mark (1)
b) (1)
c) CaCl2 (1)
30 a) The cut surface changed from shiny to dull. (1)

b) i)
ii) Li2CO3 (1)
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31 a) i) Relative atomic mass of potassium = 39 × 93.22 + 40 × 0.12 + 41 × 6.66 (1)

100
= 39.13 (1)
ii)
Isotope Electrons Protons Neutrons
39
K 19 19 20 (1)
41
K 19 19 22 (1)
iii) The position of an element in the Periodic Table depends on its atomic number. (1)
A potassium atom has one more proton than an argon atom. / The atomic number of
potassium is greater than that of argon. (1)
b) Diagram showing a regular arrangement of singly-positively charged potassium ions in a

sea of delocalised electrons (1)
32 a) Group III (1)

b) Good conductor of electricity. It is a metal. / It has delocalised electrons. (1)
c) i) MCl3 (1)
ii) M2(SO4)3 (1)
d) Let the relative abundance of M-69 and M-71 be y% and (100 – y)% respectively.
Relative atomic mass of M = 69.7 = 69  y + 71  (100 – y) (1)
100
6 970 = 69y + 7 100 – 71y

y = 65.0 (1)
∴ the relative abundance of M-69 and M-71 are 65.0% and 35.0% respectively.
33 a) Barium contains a regular three-dimensional arrangement of positive barium ions

surrounded by a ‘sea’ of delocalised electrons. (1)
The strong electrostatic forces of attraction between positive barium ions and delocalised
electrons make up the metallic bond. (1)
Diagram showing a regular arrangement of barium ions in a ‘sea’ of delocalised electrons
(1)
Communication mark (1)
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b) i) A barium atom needs to lose two electrons (1)

while an oxygen atom needs to gain two electrons so as to obtain stable outermost
shells of 8 electrons. (1)
When barium atoms combine with oxygen atoms, two electrons from each barium
atom are transferred to one oxygen atom. (1)
ii) Ionic bonding (1)
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Topic 2 Microscopic World I Mastering Chemistry

Suggested answers to in-text activities and unit-end exercises

P7.2 (page 92)

P7.3 (page 94)

2 X reacts with water to give hydrogen gas. It is probably a reactive metal.

Unit Exercise (page 102−109)

∴ the chemical formula of the compound is YX2.

8 C X is lithium while Y is sulphur. They combine to form an ionic compound, lithium

12 A The purple permanganate ions moved towards the positive terminal.

19 A (2) The chemical formula of the sulphate of rubidium is Rb2SO4.

21 B An atom of X has an electronic arrangement of 2,5. Hence X is nitrogen.

Calcium and calcium oxide

24 a) Zinc chloride (1)

28 a) There are 4 shells that contain electrons in a copper atom. (1)

29 a) A calcium atom needs to lose two electrons (1)

30 a) The cut surface changed from shiny to dull. (1)

ii) Li2CO3 (1)

31 a) i) Relative atomic mass of potassium = 39 × 93.22 + 40 × 0.12 + 41 × 6.66 (1)

b) Diagram showing a regular arrangement of singly-positively charged potassium ions in a

32 a) Group III (1)

6 970 = 69y + 7 100 – 71y

33 a) Barium contains a regular three-dimensional arrangement of positive barium ions

b) i) A barium atom needs to lose two electrons (1)

ii) Ionic bonding (1)

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